An adjustable distance adsorption mechanism

Abstract

This utility model relates to an adjustable-pitch adsorption mechanism, comprising a base, a linear guide rail fixed to the base, a motion conversion component slidably connected to the linear guide rail, a drive unit connected to the motion conversion component and used to drive the motion conversion component to move along the linear guide rail in a first direction, a guide shaft extending parallel to a second direction, several sliders, adsorption units, and driven wheels. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Each slider is slidably fitted onto the guide shaft, and each adsorption unit is mounted on one of the sliders. The motion conversion component has several guide grooves, and each driven wheel is mounted on one of the sliders and slidably connected within one of the guide grooves. This utility model provides a compact, highly accurate, and deformation-resistant adjustable-pitch adsorption mechanism that achieves synchronous stepless pitch adjustment of multiple adsorption units through a single drive source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical automation equipment technology, and in particular to an adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism for precision assembly or testing. Background Technology

[0002] In high-precision manufacturing fields (such as semiconductor packaging, new display panel assembly, and photovoltaic cell stringing), multi-nozzle synchronous operation systems place stringent demands on the dynamic adjustment capability of the adsorption unit spacing. Traditional solutions suffer from three major technical bottlenecks:

[0003] The distributed drive architecture uses independent actuators to control each adsorption unit. Although it can achieve basic spacing adjustment, it has inherent defects: the coordinated control of multiple power sources requires complex timing management, and signal transmission delays cause asynchronous movement of the adsorption array; the dense drive components significantly encroach on equipment space; and the performance differences of individual actuators can accumulate into systemic pose deviations, which can easily cause workpiece instability during high-speed operation.

[0004] Integrated modular architecture attempts to integrate motion units through precision linear modules, which alleviates the synchronization problem, but also introduces new limitations: the cost of high-precision modules is too high; multi-axis parallel layout requires installation space several times the effective stroke; and the rigid coupling structure makes it easy for local faults to be transmitted to the entire system, significantly reducing maintenance feasibility.

[0005] Mechanical conversion architectures employ passive adjustment mechanisms, such as inclined slot spacing devices. While simplifying control with a single actuator, they suffer from deep-seated drawbacks: traditional equally spaced inclined slot layouts result in a non-linear relationship between the displacement of the adsorption unit and the input displacement, leading to a decrease in adjustment accuracy as the stroke increases; line contact between the slot and transmission components causes stress concentration, accelerating wear; and the lack of effective anti-deformation design under long-span conditions causes spatial pose drift of the edge adsorption units. These shortcomings severely limit their reliability in ultra-precision manufacturing applications. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a compact, highly precise, and deformation-resistant adjustable adsorption mechanism that achieves synchronous stepless spacing adjustment of multiple adsorption units through a single drive source.

[0007] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] An adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism includes a base, a linear guide rail fixed to the base, a motion conversion component slidably connected to the linear guide rail, a drive unit connected to the motion conversion component and used to drive the motion conversion component to move along the linear guide rail in a first direction, a guide shaft extending parallel to a second direction, a plurality of sliders, adsorption units, and driven wheels. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Each slider is slidably fitted onto the guide shaft, and each adsorption unit is mounted on one of the sliders. The motion conversion component has a plurality of guide grooves, and each driven wheel is mounted on one of the sliders and slidably connected within one of the guide grooves. The centerline spacing of the plurality of guide grooves gradually increases along the first direction. When the drive unit drives the motion conversion component to move along the first direction, the sliders and the adsorption units mounted thereon are driven to move synchronously along the guide shaft in the second direction through the cooperation of the guide grooves and the driven wheels, thereby changing the spacing of each adsorption unit in the second direction.

[0009] This design controls the linear displacement of the motion converter in the first direction using a single drive unit, and converts the linear motion into synchronous displacement of the slider in the vertical direction using a guide groove group with gradually increasing centerline spacing. Due to the gradual change in centerline spacing, each unit displacement of the motion converter can precisely correspond to a proportional change in the spacing between the adsorption units, achieving stepless continuous adjustment. The mechanical linkage structure avoids the control of multiple power sources, significantly reducing system complexity; the guide shaft constraint ensures that all adsorption units maintain parallel movement in the second direction, preventing skew; the rolling contact between the driven wheel and the guide groove reduces friction loss, improving response speed and lifespan.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a hydraulic damper for limiting the amount of displacement of the motion converter in the first direction.

[0011] The hydraulic damper provides nonlinear damping force at the end of the motion converter's stroke, effectively absorbing inertial shocks from the drive unit. When the motion converter moves at high speed to its limit position, the damper generates progressive resistance through the hydraulic oil throttling orifice, preventing mechanical vibration, component deformation, or positioning misalignment caused by rigid collisions. This design significantly improves end-positioning stability, protects the precision guide groove and driven wheel from instantaneous impact damage, and extends the service life of core components, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency adjustment conditions.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a displacement measuring device for measuring the displacement of the motion conversion component in the first direction.

[0013] The displacement measuring device monitors the precise position of the moving conversion component in real time, converting the mechanical displacement into a quantifiable electrical signal. By feeding back the actual displacement value in the first direction, the system can establish a mapping relationship between the displacement and the spacing of the adsorption units, achieving closed-loop control. This feature enables the mechanism to have self-calibration capabilities, eliminating accumulated errors in mechanical transmission; combined with preset programs, it can accurately reproduce specific spacing parameters, meeting the needs of high-precision assembly or testing; and it also provides early warning signals for abnormal displacement, enhancing system reliability.

[0014] Preferably, the guide groove is a straight inclined groove.

[0015] The straight-line inclined groove structure simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces production costs. Its constant inclination angle ensures a strictly linear proportional relationship between the slider displacement and the displacement of the motion conversion component, guaranteeing uniform and predictable changes in the spacing between adsorption units. The straight groove wall provides a continuous and stable support surface, reducing motion fluctuations of the driven wheel; compared to curved grooves, it is easier to ensure geometric consistency between multiple grooves, avoiding motion interference caused by machining errors. This design optimizes the force transmission path, improves system rigidity, and is suitable for high-load scenarios.

[0016] Preferably, the adsorption unit is a vacuum nozzle.

[0017] The vacuum nozzle utilizes negative pressure to adsorb workpieces, with an adjustable contact area and no mechanical clamping stress. Its flexible sealing edge adapts to curved surfaces or fragile workpieces, preventing surface indentations; the uniform distribution of negative pressure ensures balanced multi-point adsorption, preventing workpiece deflection. The vacuum system has a fast response speed, and with adjustable spacing, it achieves an efficient pick-up-positioning-release process; its pollution-free characteristics meet cleanroom requirements. This feature expands the applicability of the mechanism in precision industries such as electronics and glass.

[0018] Preferably, the width of the guide groove remains constant.

[0019] Uniform guide groove widths reduce manufacturing complexity and ensure consistent clearance between all grooves and the driven wheel. The constant width prevents motion jamming or localized stress concentration caused by variations in groove width, ensuring smooth rolling of the driven wheel. Standardized groove widths simplify driven wheel specifications and reduce spare parts costs; simultaneously, they enhance multi-groove synchronization, ensuring that the displacement of each slider strictly follows the gradual change in center distance, thus improving overall motion accuracy.

[0020] Preferably, the slider is provided with a detachable mounting base, and the adsorption unit is fixed to the mounting base.

[0021] The detachable mounting base enables modular, quick-change of the adsorption units. Through standardized interfaces, suitable adsorption unit groups can be quickly replaced based on workpiece size, weight, or shape, without disassembling the slider or guide shaft. This design significantly reduces production line changeover time and improves equipment utilization; it also allows for the customization of special nozzles for specific workpieces, enhancing system flexibility. Damaged units can be directly replaced during maintenance, reducing downtime costs.

[0022] Preferably, there are multiple guide shafts, and the multiple guide shafts are arranged in parallel and spaced apart;

[0023] The two ends of the slider are slidably fitted onto two of the guide shafts.

[0024] Multiple parallel guide shafts form a redundant support system. By selecting two of the main guide shafts to support the slider kinematic pair, the remaining shafts provide auxiliary support. This layout significantly increases the system's bending stiffness, preventing guide shaft deflection during long strokes; it disperses load pressure, reducing single-axis wear; and the multi-axis collaborative action suppresses slider overturning moment, ensuring the attitude stability of the adsorption unit, especially guaranteeing the motion planarity in large-span or multi-slider scenarios.

[0025] Preferably, the slider has at least one through hole, and at least one guide shaft passes through the through hole in a non-contact manner.

[0026] The through-hole and non-contact through-shaft design achieve "over-positioning avoidance." The auxiliary guide shaft passes through the through-hole but does not apply constraint force, only providing radial support. The clearance fit eliminates binding stress caused by multi-axis parallelism errors, preventing the slider from jamming; at the same time, it retains the auxiliary shaft's support function for the middle of the slider, effectively suppressing vibration. This structure enhances rigidity while maintaining motion freedom, solving the over-constraint problem of multi-axis systems.

[0027] Preferably, a sliding sleeve is provided at the sliding connection between the slider and the guide shaft, and the sliding sleeve is fixed in the sliding sleeve hole of the slider; except for the guide shaft that cooperates with the sliding sleeve, the other guide shafts are in a non-contact clearance fit with the slider.

[0028] A graded constraint strategy using a sliding sleeve and clearance fit optimizes motion performance. The sliding sleeve provides low-friction precision guidance, ensuring the control accuracy of the main motion axis; the non-contact auxiliary shaft isolates mechanical interference through clearance, serving only a support function. This design allows for differences in thermal expansion, avoiding structural stress caused by temperature changes; wear occurs only in the replaceable sliding sleeve, reducing maintenance costs; and the graded constraint balances positioning accuracy and system robustness.

[0029] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:

[0030] This system employs a groundbreaking motion conversion mechanism, innovatively designing a guide groove topology with progressively widening centerline spacing, achieving precise mapping between input displacement and output spacing. This ensures that the input displacement and the change in the spacing of the adsorption units have geometrically linear transmission characteristics, with the center distance change gradient of each guide groove strictly coupled, and a unit input quantity corresponding to a proportional output. Simultaneously, through the mechanical linkage of all sliders via a rigid guide shaft and the use of a rolling pair design between the driven wheel and the guide groove, zero-phase-difference synchronous control is achieved, eliminating coordination errors and significantly reducing frictional resistance. Furthermore, the progressively widening groove group automatically balances the driving torque of each slider during motion transmission, and its dynamic load adaptive capability effectively overcomes the response delay caused by the end effect.

[0031] This system replaces multiple actuators with a single drive unit, reducing the power transmission chain length by orders of magnitude and significantly improving structural compactness. The core lies in kinematic chain reconstruction; the guide groove-driven wheel mechanism directly converts a single linear input motion into a spatially discrete displacement distribution output, eliminating the traditional redundant intermediate transmission links. The spatial layout has also undergone topology optimization; orthogonally arranged linear guides and guide shafts form a minimum force flow path structure, maximizing efficiency.

[0032] The structural rigidity has been fundamentally enhanced. The parallel arrangement of multiple guide shafts forms a statically indeterminate support system, creating a composite bending section, resulting in a geometrically improved overall system resistance to deformation. An intelligent constraint separation strategy is employed: the primary guide shaft uses precision sliding pairs to provide core guidance, while the auxiliary shafts absorb assembly tolerances through clearance fit design, ensuring a balance between assembly and guidance accuracy. Regarding kinetic energy dissipation, a hydraulic buffer system is configured at the end of the stroke to establish a gradually varying damping field, effectively dissipating the system's inertial impact energy, protecting the structure, and improving motion stability.

[0033] This architecture provides sustainable operation and maintenance capabilities. The modular, rapid interface design enables detachable, hot-swappable replacement of the adsorption unit. The lifespan of critical vulnerable components is effectively isolated; for example, the sliding sleeve is an independently designed vulnerable component, and its maintenance process does not require disassembly of the core moving components, significantly reducing maintenance costs and time. The system also possesses state awareness capabilities, constructing a digital mirror of the mechanism through a displacement measurement system, enabling real-time diagnosis of operational status and early warning of potential failures.

[0034] The system exhibits multi-dimensional adaptability to various scenarios. Its vacuum adsorption mechanism ensures compliance with stringent cleanroom environment requirements. An optional universal joint structure provides the adsorption unit with surface adaptability, allowing it to conform to workpieces with complex curvatures. The application of lightweight composite materials enhances the system's material versatility, supporting use in special working conditions such as those requiring anti-magnetic or corrosion-resistant applications. Finally, the mechanical passive regulation mechanism significantly reduces the system's energy density during daily operation, demonstrating superior energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention from a second perspective.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram from a third-view perspective of an embodiment of the adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention when the spacing is at its minimum.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism of the present invention when the spacing is in the middle position.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention when the spacing is at its maximum.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a movable conversion component removed by an adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Labeling: 1 Base, 11 Linear guide, 12 Motion converter, 13 Drive unit, 14 Guide shaft, 15 Slider, 151 Mounting seat, 152 Through hole, 153 Sliding sleeve, 154 Sliding sleeve hole, 16 Adsorption unit, 17 Guide groove, 18 Driven wheel, 21 Hydraulic buffer, 22 Displacement measuring device. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0045] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0048] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0049] This embodiment provides an adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism, including a base 1, a linear guide rail 11 fixed to the base 1, a motion conversion component 12 slidably connected to the linear guide rail 11, a drive unit 13 connected to the motion conversion component 12 and used to drive the motion conversion component 12 to move along the linear guide rail 11 in a first direction, a guide shaft 14 extending parallel to a second direction, a plurality of sliders 15, adsorption units 16, and driven wheels 18. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Each slider 15 is slidably fitted onto the guide shaft 14, and each adsorption unit 16 is mounted with... On a slider 15, a plurality of guide grooves 17 are provided on the motion conversion component 12. Each driven wheel 18 is mounted on a slider 15 and slidably connected in a guide groove 17. The center line spacing of the plurality of guide grooves 17 gradually increases along the first direction. When the drive unit 13 drives the motion conversion component 12 to move along the first direction, the slider 15 and the adsorption unit 16 mounted thereon are driven to move synchronously along the guide shaft 14 in the second direction through the cooperation of the guide grooves 17 and the driven wheels 18, thereby changing the spacing of each adsorption unit 16 in the second direction.

[0050] This design controls the linear displacement of the motion converter 12 in the first direction through a single drive unit 13, and converts the linear motion into synchronous displacement of the slider 15 in the vertical direction using a set of guide grooves 17 with gradually increasing centerline spacing. Due to the gradual change in centerline spacing, each unit displacement of the motion converter 12 can precisely correspond to the proportional change in the spacing of the adsorption units 16, achieving stepless continuous adjustment. The mechanical linkage structure avoids the control of multiple power sources, significantly reducing system complexity; the guide shaft 14 constraint ensures that all adsorption units 16 maintain parallel movement in the second direction, preventing skew; the rolling contact between the driven wheel 18 and the guide grooves 17 reduces friction loss, improving response speed and lifespan.

[0051] In this embodiment, a hydraulic buffer 21 is also included to limit the amount of displacement of the motion conversion member 12 in the first direction.

[0052] The hydraulic buffer 21 provides nonlinear damping force at the end of the stroke of the motion converter 12, effectively absorbing the inertial impact of the drive unit 13. When the motion converter 12 moves at high speed to its limit position, the buffer generates progressive resistance through the hydraulic oil throttling orifice, avoiding mechanical vibration, component deformation, or positioning misalignment caused by rigid collisions. This design significantly improves the stability of the end-positioning, protects the precision guide groove 17 and the driven wheel 18 from instantaneous impact damage, and extends the service life of core components, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency adjustment conditions.

[0053] In this embodiment, a displacement measuring device 22 is also included, which is used to measure the displacement of the motion conversion member 12 in the first direction.

[0054] The displacement measuring device 22 monitors the precise position of the motion conversion component 12 in real time, converting the mechanical displacement into a quantifiable electrical signal. By feeding back the actual displacement value in the first direction, the system can establish a mapping relationship between the displacement and the spacing of the adsorption unit 16, achieving closed-loop control. This feature enables the mechanism to have self-calibration capabilities, eliminating accumulated errors in mechanical transmission; combined with preset programs, it can accurately reproduce specific spacing parameters, meeting the needs of high-precision assembly or testing; at the same time, it provides early warning signals for abnormal displacement, enhancing system reliability.

[0055] In this embodiment, the guide groove 17 is a straight inclined groove.

[0056] The straight-line inclined groove structure simplifies the machining process and reduces manufacturing costs. Its constant inclination angle ensures a strictly linear proportional relationship between the displacement of the slider 15 and the displacement of the motion conversion component 12, guaranteeing uniform and predictable changes in the spacing of the adsorption units 16. The straight groove wall provides a continuous and stable support surface, reducing motion fluctuations of the driven wheel 18; compared to curved grooves, it is easier to ensure geometric consistency between multiple grooves, avoiding motion interference caused by machining errors. This design optimizes the force transmission path, improves system rigidity, and is suitable for high-load scenarios.

[0057] In this embodiment, the adsorption unit 16 is a vacuum nozzle.

[0058] The vacuum nozzle utilizes negative pressure to adsorb workpieces, with an adjustable contact area and no mechanical clamping stress. Its flexible sealing edge adapts to curved surfaces or fragile workpieces, preventing surface indentations; the uniform distribution of negative pressure ensures balanced multi-point adsorption, preventing workpiece deflection. The vacuum system has a fast response speed, and with adjustable spacing, it achieves an efficient pick-up-positioning-release process; its pollution-free characteristics meet cleanroom requirements. This feature expands the applicability of the mechanism in precision industries such as electronics and glass.

[0059] In this embodiment, the width of the guide groove 17 remains constant.

[0060] The uniform width guide groove 17 reduces manufacturing difficulty and ensures consistent clearance between all grooves and the driven wheel 18. The constant width prevents motion jamming or localized stress concentration caused by variations in groove width, ensuring smooth rolling of the driven wheel 18. The standardized groove width simplifies the specifications of the driven wheel 18, reducing spare parts costs; simultaneously, it enhances the synchronization of multiple grooves, ensuring that the displacement of each slider 15 strictly follows the gradual change in center distance, thus improving overall motion accuracy.

[0061] In this embodiment, the slider 15 is provided with a detachable mounting base 151, and the adsorption unit 16 is fixed to the mounting base 151.

[0062] The detachable mounting base 151 enables modular quick-change of the adsorption unit 16. Through a standardized interface, suitable adsorption units 16 can be quickly replaced according to workpiece size, weight, or shape without disassembling the slider 15 or guide shaft 14. This design significantly reduces production line changeover time and improves equipment utilization; it also allows for the customization of special suction nozzles for specific workpieces, enhancing system flexibility. Damaged units can be directly replaced during maintenance, reducing downtime costs.

[0063] In this embodiment, there are four guide shafts 14, and the four guide shafts 14 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the two ends of the slider 15 are slidably fitted onto two of the guide shafts 14 respectively.

[0064] Four parallel guide shafts 14 constitute a redundant support system. By selecting two of the main guide shafts 14 to support the kinematic pair of the slider 15, the remaining shafts provide auxiliary support. This layout significantly increases the bending stiffness of the system, preventing the guide shafts 14 from deflecting under long strokes; it disperses load pressure and reduces wear on a single shaft; and the multi-axis cooperation suppresses the overturning moment of the slider 15, ensuring the attitude stability of the adsorption unit 16, especially guaranteeing the motion planarity in scenarios with large spans or multiple sliders 15.

[0065] In this embodiment, the slider 15 is provided with two through holes 152; two guide shafts 14 pass through the through holes 152 in a non-contact manner, and there is a gap between the guide shafts 14 and the inner wall of the through holes 152.

[0066] The through-hole 152 and the non-contact through-shaft design achieve "over-positioning avoidance". The auxiliary guide shaft 14 passes through the through-hole 152 but does not apply a constraint force, only providing radial support. The clearance fit eliminates the binding stress caused by multi-axis parallelism errors, preventing the slider 15 from jamming; at the same time, it retains the supporting function of the auxiliary shaft for the middle of the slider 15, effectively suppressing vibration. This structure enhances rigidity while maintaining the degree of freedom of motion, solving the problem of over-constraint in multi-axis systems.

[0067] In this embodiment, a sliding sleeve 153 is provided at the sliding connection between the slider 15 and the guide shaft 14. The sliding sleeve 153 is fixed in the sliding sleeve hole 154 of the slider 15. Except for the guide shaft 14 that cooperates with the sliding sleeve 153, the other guide shafts 14 and the slider 15 are in a non-contact clearance fit.

[0068] The sliding sleeve 153, with its clearance fit and graded constraint strategy, optimizes motion performance. The sliding sleeve 153 provides low-friction precision guidance, ensuring the control accuracy of the main motion axis; the non-contact auxiliary shaft isolates mechanical interference through clearance, serving only a support function. This design allows for differences in thermal expansion, avoiding structural stress caused by temperature changes; wear occurs only in the replaceable sliding sleeve 153, reducing maintenance costs; and the graded constraint balances positioning accuracy with system robustness. Example 2

[0069] This embodiment focuses on demonstrating the mechanism's adaptability to curved workpieces.

[0070] Core structure inheritance: The linear guide rail 11 supported by the base 1 is orthogonally arranged with the guide shaft 14, and the center line spacing of the guide groove 17 on the motion conversion component 12 gradually increases along the first direction.

[0071] Motion conversion optimization: The gradually expanding guide groove 17 of the motion conversion component 12 adopts an equal width design to ensure that the motion trajectory of the driven wheel 18 is smooth.

[0072] Innovative combination of adsorption units: The vacuum nozzle is fixed to the slider 15 via a detachable mounting base 151. A universal joint structure is added between the mounting base 151 and the nozzle. No new label is added. It belongs to the known extended form of adsorption unit 16.

[0073] Multi-axis support reinforcement: Multiple guide shafts 14 are arranged in parallel, of which two main guide shafts are fitted with sliding sleeves 153, and the remaining auxiliary shafts pass through the through holes 152 with clearance fit.

[0074] Working process: When adsorbing curved workpieces, the universal joint allows the vacuum nozzle to adaptively adjust its tilt angle, ensuring that the sealing edge fully conforms to the workpiece surface. The drive unit 13 pushes the motion conversion component 12 to move along the first direction, and the gradually expanding guide groove 17 drives the driven wheel 18 to cause each slider 15 to spread synchronously along the guide shaft 14 in the second direction. The multi-axis support system suppresses the torsional deformation of the slider 15 caused by asymmetric adsorption force, and the universal joint compensates for changes in the curvature of the workpiece, realizing synchronous control of curved surface adsorption and spacing adjustment.

[0075] Technical advantages:

[0076] Surface compatibility: The universal joint structure inherits the inherent characteristics of the adsorption unit 16, and can adapt to complex curved surfaces without adding new parts.

[0077] Dynamic stability: The multi-axis clearance fit design absorbs the additional torque caused by the universal joint oscillation.

[0078] Functional integration: Simultaneous completion of surface fitting and spacing adjustment under a single driving source. Example 3

[0079] This embodiment is designed for large-span applications and features a more sophisticated redundant support design for the guide shaft.

[0080] Support structure reinforcement: Six guide shafts 14 extend in a rectangular array in parallel. Each slider 15 is fitted with two main guide shafts 14 at both ends. The remaining four guide shafts 14 pass through the through hole 152 in a non-contact manner.

[0081] Constraint strategy upgrade: A double-row rolling sliding sleeve 153 is installed at the sliding connection of the dominant axis 14.

[0082] The inner guide shaft 14 and the through hole 152 are clearance-fitted, with a clearance greater than that of conventional designs.

[0083] Anti-deformation synergy: The motion conversion component 12 uses lightweight composite materials to reduce inertial forces, and the hydraulic buffer 21 absorbs residual kinetic energy at the end of the stroke.

[0084] Working Mechanism: Under long-span conditions, the four-axis support system forms a spatially statically indeterminate structure. When the drive unit 13 drives the motion conversion component 12 to move, the double-row rolling sliding sleeve 153 provides high-rigidity guidance, and the inner auxiliary shaft compensates for thermal deformation and installation errors by increasing the clearance. The composite material properties of the motion conversion component 12 reduce start-stop impact, and the hydraulic buffer 21 dissipates the system's kinetic energy at extreme positions, jointly ensuring the positional accuracy of the edge adsorption unit 16.

[0085] Innovation Value:

[0086] Increased stiffness: The layout of six guide shafts improves the system stiffness.

[0087] Thermal variation description: Increase the clearance fit to avoid the influence of temperature drift during long stroke.

[0088] Kinetic energy chain optimization: Coordinated damping control of composite moving parts and hydraulic buffers.

[0089] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism, characterized in that, include: Base (1); Linear guide rail (11) is fixed to the base (1); The motion conversion component (12) is slidably connected to the linear guide rail (11); A drive unit (13) is connected to the motion converter (12) for driving the motion converter (12) to move along the linear guide (11) in a first direction; The guide shaft (14) extends in a direction parallel to the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; Several sliders (15), each slider (15) being slidably fitted onto the guide shaft (14); Adsorption units (16), each adsorption unit (16) is mounted on one of the sliders (15); The motion conversion component (12) is provided with several guide grooves (17); Driven wheels (18), each driven wheel (18) is mounted on one of the sliders (15) and slidably connected in one of the guide grooves (17); The centerline spacing of the plurality of guide grooves (17) gradually increases along the first direction; When the driving unit (13) drives the motion conversion component (12) to move along the first direction, the guide groove (17) and the driven wheel (18) cooperate to drive the slider (15) and the adsorption unit (16) mounted thereon to move synchronously along the guide shaft (14) in the second direction, thereby changing the spacing of each adsorption unit (16) in the second direction.

2. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydraulic damper (21) for limiting the amount of displacement of the motion converter (12) in the first direction.

3. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a displacement measuring device (22) for measuring the displacement of the motion conversion element (12) in the first direction.

4. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide groove (17) is a straight inclined groove.

5. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption unit (16) is a vacuum nozzle.

6. The adjustable-spacing adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the guide groove (17) remains consistent.

7. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slider (15) is provided with a detachable mounting base (151), and the adsorption unit (16) is fixed to the mounting base (151).

8. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of guide shafts (14) is multiple, and the multiple guide shafts (14) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the two ends of the slider (15) are slidably fitted onto two of the guide shafts (14).

9. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The slider (15) has at least one through hole (152), and at least one guide shaft (14) passes through the through hole (152) in a non-contact manner.

10. The adjustable-gap adsorption mechanism according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The slider (15) and the guide shaft (14) are connected by a sliding sleeve (153), which is fixed in the sliding sleeve hole (154) of the slider (15). Except for the guide shaft (14) that cooperates with the sliding sleeve (153), the other guide shafts (14) and the slider (15) are in a non-contact clearance fit.

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