Spray type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack

Abstract

This invention provides a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack, including a base plate and a cover mounted on the base plate. A sealed battery cavity is formed between the cover and the base plate. Multiple rows of battery cell modules are installed within the battery cavity, with gaps between adjacent rows forming heat dissipation gaps. Multiple nozzles for spraying coolant are provided on the top of the battery cavity. The battery cell modules are mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, and a guide channel for guiding coolant flow is provided on the upper surface of the base plate. A drain pipe communicating with the guide channel and used to discharge coolant is provided on the cover or the base plate. This spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack features an optimized cooling structure design, forming multiple cooling methods with high cooling efficiency and good effect, ensuring long-term stable and reliable operation of the battery pack. Simultaneously, it significantly reduces the amount of coolant used, lowering manufacturing, usage, and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a battery pack, and more particularly to a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] In existing energy storage pack thermal management solutions, the mainstream heat dissipation technology adopts a bottom liquid cooling plate structure. Specifically, a metal cold plate with a flow channel design is installed at the bottom of the battery cell module. A forced-circulation cooling medium establishes a heat conduction path between the cooling medium and the battery cell module, achieving heat exchange and transfer. In terms of innovative technology exploration, some demonstration projects are experimenting with a phase change immersion cooling solution. This technology completely immerses the battery cell in a dielectric cooling medium with high insulation properties. Through a dual mechanism of direct contact heat transfer and latent heat absorption via phase change, heat exchange efficiency is significantly improved. Compared to traditional liquid cooling solutions, this fully immersion thermal management technology eliminates the contact thermal resistance caused by multi-layer heat transfer interfaces, demonstrating significant advantages in temperature uniformity control and transient thermal shock response.

[0003] However, traditional liquid cooling solutions suffer from technical defects such as large axial temperature differences in battery cell modules due to the single-sided contact heat transfer mode and flow channel distribution characteristics. Especially under high-rate charge and discharge conditions, the thermal uniformity index is difficult to meet the design requirements of the next generation of energy storage systems. In addition, the cooling flow channel system needs to take into account both heat dissipation efficiency and pressure loss control, which leads to an exponential increase in the complexity of three-dimensional flow channel topology optimization, which can easily cause distributed flow resistance balance mismatch problems in actual engineering.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing immersion cooling systems require a sufficient amount of dielectric fluid to achieve full-area heat exchange, resulting in a significantly higher amount of cooling medium per unit energy storage capacity compared to traditional liquid cooling solutions. This increased material cost restricts the system's economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack that is compact in structure, has low manufacturing and operating costs, is stable in use, and has good cooling effect.

[0006] This utility model provides a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack, including a base plate 1 and a cover 2 disposed on the base plate 1. A sealed battery cavity is formed between the cover 2 and the base plate 1. Multiple rows of battery cell modules 3 are installed in the battery cavity. There is a gap between two adjacent rows of battery cell modules 3 to form a heat dissipation gap 30. Multiple nozzles 5 for spraying coolant are provided on the top of the battery cavity. The battery cell modules are disposed on the upper surface of the base plate, and a guide groove 10 is provided on the upper surface of the base plate 1. A drain pipe 4 is provided on the cover 2 or the base plate 1, which communicates with the guide groove and is used to discharge coolant.

[0007] This application employs a multi-nozzle structure, along with heat dissipation gaps 30 and guide channels 10, to ensure uniform coverage of the battery cell module 3 by the coolant, resulting in good heat dissipation uniformity. The heat dissipation gaps not only increase the heat dissipation area and significantly improve the contact area between the coolant and the battery cell module 3, thus enhancing cooling efficiency, but also reduce the flow resistance of the coolant, allowing it to quickly flow back to the guide channels under gravity, preventing coolant from stagnating on the surface of the battery module, reducing thermal resistance, and forming an efficient circulating heat dissipation path. Furthermore, the aforementioned multi-nozzle structure can perform spray cooling at a normal flow rate during normal operation, and when an abnormal temperature is detected, it achieves an explosion-proof effect through high-flow spraying.

[0008] Furthermore, the base plate is made of thermally conductive material. Through the above structural arrangement, the base plate forms a heat dissipation carrier, which can exchange heat with the battery module 3 placed on its surface, thereby achieving dual heat dissipation from the top and bottom, with good heat dissipation uniformity and effect, and high heat dissipation efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the nozzles are evenly distributed on the top of the battery cavity to ensure that the coolant is evenly sprayed to cover the battery cell module 3, avoiding local overheating and improving overall thermal balance.

[0010] Furthermore, the nozzle 5 is located between two adjacent rows of battery cell modules 3, which can improve the distribution of coolant on the side wall of the battery cell module, enhance the heat dissipation effect of the side wall, reduce local heat accumulation, and significantly improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery cell module 3 is composed of multiple battery cell bodies spliced ​​together. A heat-conducting plate 31 is provided between two adjacent battery cell bodies. The heat-conducting plate 31 can absorb the heat on the battery module. One or more heat dissipation grooves 310 penetrate through the upper and lower ends of the heat-conducting plate, which can form a heat dissipation channel between two adjacent battery cell bodies and accelerate heat conduction. At the same time, the heat dissipation grooves 310 penetrate through the upper and lower ends, increasing the heat dissipation area and the contact area with the coolant, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and allowing the coolant to flow smoothly to the lower end and enter the guide groove, avoiding the formation of coolant stagnation.

[0012] Furthermore, the multiple rows of battery cell modules 3 are arranged sequentially along the width direction of the base plate 1, which facilitates the overall layout of the battery pack and improves space utilization.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat dissipation gap 30 is parallel to the length direction of the base plate 1, and the drain pipe 4 is located at the front or rear end of the cover 2, which facilitates the connection and assembly of the battery pack.

[0014] Furthermore, the drain pipe 4 includes a first pipe body 41 installed at the front end of the cover 2, the rear end of the first pipe body 41 is bent downward to form a second pipe body 42, and the lower end of the second pipe body 42 extends into the guide groove 10; its structure is simple, reducing processing costs and facilitating assembly, avoiding the problems of assembly inconvenience and increased space height caused by setting a drain pipe at the bottom.

[0015] Furthermore, the guide channel 10 includes a plurality of first channels 101 parallel to the heat dissipation gap 30, a plurality of parallel second channels 102 connected between adjacent first channels 101, and a third channel 103 connected to the end of each first channel 101, and the drain pipe 4 connected to the third channel 103; the multi-channel structure has a high coverage at the lower end of the battery module, which can ensure that the coolant can quickly enter the guide channel 10 and be recycled, avoiding coolant stagnation that would affect the coolant effect and coolant recovery.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of first tanks 101 is the same as the number of heat dissipation gaps 30, and they are located directly below the heat dissipation gaps 30. The first tank 101 serves as the main flow channel to ensure rapid return of coolant between two adjacent battery modules.

[0017] Furthermore, the length direction of the second tank 102 and the third tank 103 is inclined to the length direction of the first tank 101, which allows the coolant in the guide channel 10 to converge towards the drain pipe 4. This enables the coolant to converge towards the drain pipe, improving overall fluidity and preventing some coolant from stagnating and affecting the cooling effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the first tank 101 includes a first tank I disposed on the centerline of the base plate 1 and a first tank II symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first tank I. The second tank 102 and the third tank 103 are symmetrically disposed with the first tank I as the centerline. The whole adopts a symmetrical structure with consistent tilt angles to ensure uniform distribution of coolant, improve heat dissipation uniformity, reduce the risk of local overheating, and extend battery life.

[0019] This utility model relates to a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack. It features spray nozzles for normal operation and provides large-volume spray cooling in case of cell failure, resulting in high cooling efficiency and improved overall stability and safety. The nozzles are directed towards the spaces between adjacent cell modules and between adjacent cell bodies, ensuring ample coolant distribution across each cell surface and significantly increasing the contact area with the coolant for superior heat dissipation. Heat-conducting plates with heat dissipation grooves are installed between the battery modules to further enhance heat dissipation area and efficiency. The bottom employs an open flow channel design, with adjustable flow channel angles and guide vanes. The flow channel structure ensures smooth drainage of coolant; the bottom plate is made of thermally conductive material, forming conductive heat dissipation in contact with the bottom of the battery cell, combined with the convective heat dissipation of the top spray, forming a dual heat dissipation method of "top spray + bottom conduction", which has good heat dissipation efficiency and effect, ensuring the overall operational stability and reliability of the battery pack; this utility model of spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack optimizes the cooling structure design to form multiple cooling methods, which have high cooling efficiency and effect, ensuring the long-term stable and reliable operation of the battery pack, while significantly reducing the amount of coolant used, reducing manufacturing, use and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing another angle of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 6 This is another planar sectional view of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section C;

[0027] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cell module of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of the spray-type heat dissipation and energy storage battery pack of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of the spray-type heat dissipation and energy storage battery pack of this utility model from another angle;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate of the spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] See Figures 1-12 This utility model provides a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack, including a base plate 1 and a cover 2. The base plate 1 is a plate-like structure, and the lower end of the cover 2 is open and sealed and fixed to the base plate 1, forming a sealed battery cavity between the cover 2 and the base plate 1. Multiple rows of battery cell modules 3 are installed in the battery cavity, and the battery cell modules 3 are connected in series. An electrical interface is provided at the front end of the cover 2, which is electrically connected to the battery modules 3 for charging and discharging. In this application, there is a gap between two adjacent rows of battery cell modules 3, which forms a heat dissipation gap 30. In this embodiment, the width of the heat dissipation gap 30 is 5mm-20mm. Multiple nozzles 5 are provided at the top of the battery cavity. The nozzles 5 are installed on the cover 2 and are connected to an external coolant supply system for spraying to cool the internal battery cell modules 3. There are multiple nozzles 5, which are evenly distributed at the top of the battery cavity to achieve uniform spraying. In this embodiment, the nozzles 5 are located between two adjacent rows of battery cell modules 3. Figures 6-7 This allows the nozzle 5 to face the heat dissipation gap 30, enabling it to spray coolant onto the heat dissipation gap and the upper surface and sidewalls of the battery cell module 3, ensuring full contact with the battery cell module 3, quickly removing heat and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0034] See the structure of nozzle 5. Figure 10 and Figure 11 It includes a nozzle body 51, with a threaded body 52 on the top for fixed installation. The sidewall of the nozzle body 51 is inclined, forming a cone structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Multiple first spray holes 501 are evenly distributed around the sidewall of the cone. The first spray holes 501 are used to spray coolant onto the top surface of the battery module. At the same time, a downward-facing second spray hole 502 is provided at the bottom of the cone. The second spray hole 502 is used to spray coolant onto the sidewall of the battery module 3, that is, onto both sides of the heat dissipation gap, to achieve all-round spraying, greatly increase the contact area between the coolant and the battery module, and improve the cooling effect.

[0035] In this application, the base plate 1 is made of a thermally conductive material, preferably an aluminum-magnesium alloy, which can conduct heat to the battery cell module 3 and reduce heat accumulation. A guide groove 10 is provided on the upper surface of the base plate 1 for guiding the internal coolant. A drain pipe 4 is provided on the cover 2 or the base plate 1. The drain pipe 4 is connected to the battery cavity and is used to drain the coolant. The drain pipe 4 and the nozzle 5 are located in the same cooling system, which can realize the recycling of coolant and ensure the efficient operation of the system.

[0036] To further improve cooling efficiency, in this application, the battery cell module 3 is composed of multiple battery cell bodies spliced ​​together, and a heat-conducting plate 31 is provided between two adjacent battery cell bodies. (See reference...) Figure 5 The heat-conducting plate 31 can absorb the heat from the battery module and achieve heat dissipation. At the same time, one or more heat dissipation grooves 310 penetrate through the upper and lower ends of the heat-conducting plate, which can form a heat dissipation channel between two adjacent battery cells and accelerate heat conduction. Meanwhile, the heat dissipation grooves 310 penetrate through the upper and lower ends, increasing the heat dissipation area and the contact area with the coolant, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and allowing the coolant to flow smoothly to the lower end and enter the guide groove, avoiding coolant stagnation.

[0037] To improve the overall layout rationality and space utilization, in this application, multiple rows of battery cell modules 3 are arranged sequentially along the width (left-right) direction of the base plate 1, while multiple battery cell bodies are arranged sequentially along the length (front-back) direction of the base plate 1, forming a matrix array. Correspondingly, the layout of the nozzles 5 matches the arrangement of the battery cell bodies. Specifically, the nozzles 5 are arranged in multiple rows, with each row located between two adjacent rows of battery cell bodies, that is, directly above the heat dissipation gap 30. The nozzles in adjacent rows are staggered to reduce mutual interference and improve spray uniformity and heat dissipation effect.

[0038] For example, the cell module 3 is arranged in 4 rows, with each row equidistant from the width (left and right) of the base plate 1. Each row includes 13 cell bodies, and each cell body is arranged from the length (front and back) of the base plate 1. Then, the nozzles 5 are arranged in 3 rows, with each row located between two adjacent rows of cell modules, that is, directly above the gap between two adjacent rows of cell modules. The nozzles on the adjacent rows of nozzles are staggered to avoid mutual interference when spraying, thereby improving the uniformity of spraying, ensuring that the coolant evenly covers the surface of each cell, improving the heat dissipation effect, and optimizing battery performance.

[0039] In this application, the heat dissipation gap 30 is parallel to the length direction of the base plate 1, and the drain pipe 4 is located at the front or rear end of the cover 2. For ease of assembly, the drain pipe 4 is located at the front end of the cover 2. The inlet of the drain pipe 4 is connected to the guide groove 10. Specifically, the drain pipe 4 includes a first tube 41 installed at the front end of the cover 2. The rear end of the first tube 41 (located inside the battery cavity) is bent downward to form a second tube 42. The lower end of the second tube 42 extends into the guide groove 10 as an inlet end for discharging the coolant in the guide groove, which facilitates the installation of the battery pack.

[0040] To improve fluidity and cooling effect, the guide channel 10 in this application includes a plurality of first channels 101. The first channels 101 are parallel to the length direction of the heat dissipation gap 30. A plurality of parallel second channels 102 are connected between two adjacent first channels 101, and the front end of each first channel 101 is connected to a third channel 103. The drain pipe 4 is connected to the third channel 103. In this embodiment, the number of first channels 101 is the same as the number of heat dissipation gaps 30, and they correspond one-to-one. The first channels 101 are located directly below the heat dissipation gap 30, which can quickly guide the coolant flowing down from the side wall of the cell module 3, avoid the accumulation of coolant causing poor drainage and affecting the heat dissipation efficiency, and ensure smooth flow of coolant and improve heat dissipation efficiency.

[0041] In this embodiment, the length directions of the second tank 102 and the third tank 103 are inclined to the length direction of the first tank 101, and can make the coolant in the guide tank 10 converge towards the drain pipe 4, thereby improving the smoothness of the drain.

[0042] In this embodiment, the aforementioned guide channel is formed by stamping.

[0043] To further improve drainage efficiency and cooling effect, in this embodiment, the first tank 101 includes a first tank I disposed on the centerline of the base plate 1 and two first tanks II symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first tank I. The second tank 102 is symmetrically disposed with the first tank I as the centerline, and the third tank 103 is also symmetrically disposed with the first tank I as the centerline. The second tank 102 and the third tank 103 are inclined, that is, their length direction is inclined to the length direction of the first tank. The second tank 102 and the third tank 103 located on the same side have the same inclination direction and form a V-shaped structure. (See reference...) Figure 11 The drain pipe 4 is located at the center of the third tank 103, that is, at the apex of the V-shaped structure. This structure allows the coolant from various locations to be quickly guided to the drain pipe and discharged, avoiding the coolant from remaining after heat exchange and improving the heat dissipation effect. In this embodiment, the width of the third tank 103 is greater than the width of the first tank and the second tank. It is used to collect the coolant and ensure the stable discharge of the coolant.

[0044] The spray-type cooling pack (battery pack) mainly consists of electrical components, cell assemblies, a pack housing, and a cooling system. The electrical components include a battery management system (BMS), a battery connection system (CCS), and various connectors. Each cell assembly comprises four cell modules, with 13 cells connected in series within each module. End plates are installed at both ends of the module to secure the cells, and copper busbars connect the modules electrically. The pack housing is divided into upper and lower sections, with the bottom plate designed with flow channels to allow the sprayed coolant to flow out smoothly.

[0045] The energy storage battery pack proposed in this application incorporates a spray pipe inside the cover, with several nozzles 5 mounted on the pipe, each corresponding to a gap between battery cells. During actual operation, the battery pack's BMS system monitors the cell temperature in real time. When the temperature exceeds a set threshold, the system simultaneously activates the spray function, spraying a cooling medium onto the cell gaps and cell surfaces. The cooling medium is a fluorinated liquid. Under normal operating conditions, high-pressure atomized spraying achieves direct heat exchange on the cell surface, absorbing the heat generated during cell operation. Simultaneously, the fine jets flow to the outlet via guide channels on the base plate, and are then collected into the cooling circulation system. The cooling device rapidly cools the absorbed coolant using liquid carbon dioxide. The cooled medium is then reintroduced into the nozzles 5 of the cover, thus achieving the recycling of the cooling medium throughout the system.

[0046] In addition to the conventional cooling mode, when thermal runaway of a cell is detected, the spray flow rate can be increased to quickly immerse the thermally runaway cell in the cooling medium. Simultaneously, internal air is vented through a valve to prevent fire and explosion. Because the cooling medium is in direct contact with the cell body, compared to the mainstream liquid cooling plates that use indirect contact, the overall temperature of the cell and the temperature difference between cells can be significantly reduced. Compared to immersion-cooled battery packs, with similar temperature control performance, this solution significantly reduces the amount of coolant used, effectively lowering the cost per battery pack.

[0047] This utility model relates to a spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack. It features spray nozzles for normal operation and provides large-volume spray cooling in case of cell failure, resulting in high cooling efficiency and improved overall stability and safety. The nozzles are directed towards the spaces between adjacent cell modules and between adjacent cell bodies, ensuring ample coolant distribution across each cell surface and significantly increasing the contact area with the coolant for superior heat dissipation. Heat-conducting plates with heat dissipation grooves are installed between the battery modules to further enhance heat dissipation area and efficiency. The bottom employs an open flow channel design, with adjustable flow channel angles and guide vanes. The flow channel structure ensures smooth drainage of coolant; the bottom plate is made of thermally conductive material, forming conductive heat dissipation in contact with the bottom of the battery cell, combined with the convective heat dissipation of the top spray, forming a dual heat dissipation method of "top spray + bottom conduction", which has good heat dissipation efficiency and effect, ensuring the overall operational stability and reliability of the battery pack; this utility model of spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack optimizes the cooling structure design to form multiple cooling methods, which have high cooling efficiency and effect, ensuring the long-term stable and reliable operation of the battery pack, while significantly reducing the amount of coolant used, reducing manufacturing, use and maintenance costs.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack, characterized in that: The device includes a base plate and a cover mounted on the base plate. A sealed battery cavity is formed between the cover and the base plate. Multiple rows of battery cell modules are installed inside the battery cavity. There are gaps between adjacent rows of battery cell modules to form heat dissipation gaps. Multiple nozzles for spraying coolant are provided on the top of the battery cavity. The battery cell modules are mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, and the upper surface of the base plate is provided with a guide groove for guiding the coolant. A drain pipe communicating with the guide groove and used to discharge coolant is provided on the cover or the base plate.

2. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate is made of thermally conductive material.

3. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzles are evenly distributed on the top of the battery cavity.

4. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle is located between two adjacent rows of battery cell modules.

5. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell module is composed of multiple battery cell bodies spliced ​​together. A heat-conducting plate is provided between two adjacent battery cell bodies, and heat dissipation grooves are passed through the upper and lower ends of the heat-conducting plate.

6. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drain pipe includes a first tube installed at the front end of the cover, the rear end of the first tube is bent downward to form a second tube, and the end of the second tube extends downward into the guide groove.

7. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide channel includes a plurality of first channels parallel to the heat dissipation gap, a plurality of parallel second channels are connected between adjacent first channels, and a third channel is connected to the end of each first channel, and the drain pipe is connected to the third channel.

8. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The first groove has the same number as the heat dissipation gap and is located directly below the heat dissipation gap.

9. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The length directions of the second and third tanks are inclined to the length direction of the first tank, which allows the coolant in the guide tank to converge towards the drain pipe.

10. The spray-type heat dissipation energy storage battery pack as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The first groove includes a first groove I disposed on the center line of the base plate and a first groove II symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first groove I. The second groove and the third groove are symmetrically disposed with the first groove I as the center line.

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