An integrated multi-sensor self-powered wayside monitoring device
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTHEAST UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure CN224416081U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a roadbed monitoring device, and more particularly to a self-powered roadbed monitoring device integrating multiple sensors. Background Technology
[0002] In order to effectively prevent and reduce road damage and traffic safety hazards caused by unstable roadbed, real-time monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, humidity and settlement of the roadbed soil is particularly important.
[0003] Existing roadbed monitoring methods mainly rely on fixed-point manual inspections or single-function sensing devices. Manual inspections are time-consuming and labor-intensive, making real-time monitoring and timely detection of potential roadbed problems impossible. Meanwhile, single-parameter monitoring devices cannot comprehensively reflect the overall condition of the roadbed soil, making it difficult to accurately assess roadbed stability. Furthermore, existing sensor equipment is prone to damage in harsh environments, making long-term stable operation difficult, and the wireless data transmission modules are susceptible to environmental interference, leading to unstable data transmission. All of these factors limit the efficiency and accuracy of roadbed monitoring.
[0004] In response, some prior art, such as Chinese patent application 202423281862.4, discloses a roadbed monitoring device integrating multiple sensors, including a power supply, a temperature and humidity sensor, a settlement detector, and a data acquisition device. The power input terminal of the data acquisition device is connected to the power supply and is also connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the settlement detector. The data acquisition device includes a power distribution circuit, a microprocessor, a Cat_1 modem, and an RS485 communication module. The input terminal of the power distribution circuit is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal is connected to the microprocessor, the Cat_1 modem, and the RS485 communication module. The microprocessor is connected to the Cat_1 modem, the Cat_1 modem is connected to the RS485 communication module, and the RS485 communication module is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the settlement detector. This can improve durability and enrich the collected data.
[0005] However, the aforementioned prior art has the following drawbacks:
[0006] 1. Reliance on external power grid for power replenishment: Since some highways often pass through uninhabited areas and maintenance is not timely, when the external power grid link fails, it cannot replenish the battery, thus causing it to malfunction.
[0007] 2. The location of temperature and humidity sensors and settlement detectors relies on pre-recording, which lacks obvious markings. Therefore, when the recorded data is incomplete, missing, or not updated in a timely manner, it will be impossible to find the installation location of temperature and humidity sensors and settlement detectors, making maintenance or replacement difficult many years later. Utility Model Content
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
[0009] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0010] A self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors includes an energy storage battery, a temperature and humidity sensor, a settlement detector, and a data acquisition device. The temperature and humidity sensor and the settlement detector are both connected to the data acquisition device. The device also includes a photovoltaic power generation module and a power controller. The power interfaces of the photovoltaic power generation module, the energy storage battery, and the data acquisition device are respectively connected to multiple power interfaces of the power controller. The device also includes a mounting column. The photovoltaic power generation module is fixed near the top of the mounting column, and the settlement detector and the temperature and humidity sensor are arranged around the mounting column.
[0011] The power controller includes a charging management circuit and a power protection circuit. The charging management circuit includes a first charging chip, whose BAT pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery, and whose EP pin, TEMP pin, and ground pin are all grounded. The power protection circuit includes a second charging chip, whose VSS pin is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage battery, and whose VDD pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery.
[0012] The first charging chip is a TP4056 chip, and the second charging chip is a DW06D chip.
[0013] The mounting post includes a base, a first pole body, and a second pole body. The base is fixed to the roadside. The first pole body and the second pole body are coaxially connected, and the projection area of the second pole body on the horizontal plane is completely located within the projection area of the first pole body on the horizontal plane. The bottom end of the first pole body is connected to the base, and the top end is connected to the bottom end of the second pole body. The photovoltaic power generation module is fixed near the top end of the second pole body.
[0014] The mounting column also includes a mounting rod. The first end of the mounting rod is fixed to the second rod by a clamp, and the other end is provided with a baffle. The photovoltaic power generation module is disposed on the upper surface of the mounting rod near the baffle.
[0015] The area of the baffle is larger than the area of the end of the mounting rod, and the end of the mounting rod is connected to the upper part of the baffle.
[0016] The power controller is located on the lower surface of the mounting rod.
[0017] The power controller and the energy storage battery are both located inside the first pole, which has waterproof holes for cables to pass through.
[0018] The data acquisition device includes a power distribution circuit, a microprocessor, a Cat_1 modem, and an RS485 communication module. The input of the power distribution circuit is connected to the power controller, and the output is connected to the microprocessor, the Cat_1 modem, and the RS485 communication module. The microprocessor is connected to the Cat_1 modem, the Cat_1 modem is connected to the RS485 communication module, and the RS485 communication module is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the settlement detector.
[0019] The power distribution circuit includes a reverse connection protection unit, a first power module, a second power module, a first step-down circuit, and a second step-down circuit. The first power module includes a first normally closed output terminal, a first controlled output terminal, and a first control input terminal. The second power module includes a second normally closed output terminal, a second controlled output terminal, and a second control input terminal.
[0020] The input terminal of the reverse connection protection unit is connected to the power controller, and the output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the first power module. The first normally closed output terminal of the first power module is connected to the input terminal of the first step-down circuit, the first controlled output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second step-down circuit, and the first control input terminal is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor.
[0021] The output terminal of the first step-down circuit is connected to the power input terminal of the second power module. The second normally closed output terminal of the power input terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the microprocessor. The second controlled output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the Cat_1 modem and RS485 communication module. The second control input terminal is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0023] 1. By designing photovoltaic power generation modules and power controllers for charging and discharging management, the problem of unusable areas where power grid faults are not repaired in a timely manner and batteries cannot be replenished can be solved. In addition, by setting up installation columns, on the one hand, installation space can be provided for photovoltaic power generation modules, and on the other hand, clear markings can be provided for temperature and humidity sensors and settlement detectors, thereby solving the problem of inaccurate location due to missing data records.
[0024] 2. The TP4056 chip is used as the first charging chip and the DW06D chip is used as the second charging chip, which can improve the reliability in the wild night hunting environment, play a role in charging control and protection, and avoid faults such as excessive harmonics caused by relying solely on the TP4056 chip.
[0025] 3. By adopting a base, first pole body and second pole body design, the overall stability can be improved when the height of the installation column is set relatively high.
[0026] 4. The first end of the mounting pole is fixed to the second pole body by a clamp and relies on a baffle to provide a certain degree of wind and rain protection, thereby providing a certain space for equipment installation under the mounting pole and protecting the equipment and cables located under the mounting pole in severe weather such as tornadoes.
[0027] 5. The power controller and energy storage battery are both located inside the first pole body, which can effectively protect the energy storage battery, etc. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of this utility model;
[0030] Figure 3 The circuit schematic for the power distribution circuit;
[0031] Figure 4 This is the circuit schematic of the power controller;
[0032] Figure 5 This is the circuit schematic of a microprocessor;
[0033] Figure 6 This is the circuit schematic of a Cat_1 modem;
[0034] Figure 7 This is the circuit schematic of an RS485 communication module;
[0035] Figure 8 This is the circuit schematic of an RS232 communication module;
[0036] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the connection terminal section;
[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the settlement detector.
[0038] The components include: 1. Photovoltaic power generation module, 2. Power controller, 3. Energy storage battery, 4. Data acquisition device, 5. Settlement detector, 6. Temperature and humidity sensor, 5-1. Fixing clamp, 5-2. Fixing ring, 5-3. PVC shell, 5-4. Inductive frequency modulation unit, 7-1. Base, 7-2. First rod body, 7-3. Second rod body, 7-4. Mounting rod, 5-4-1. Magnetic core, 5-4-2. Helical coil, 5-4-3. Relative fixed point, 5-4-4. Temperature sensor, 5-4-5. Memory, 7-4-1. Baffle. Detailed Implementation
[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is based on the technical solution of the present invention and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0040] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "proximal end," "farthest end," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Physical quantities in formulas, unless otherwise specified, should be understood as basic quantities of the International System of Units (SI) base units, or derived quantities derived from basic quantities through mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.
[0042] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0044] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0045] A self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes an energy storage battery 3, a temperature and humidity sensor 6, a settlement detector 5, and a data acquisition device 4. The temperature and humidity sensor 6 and the settlement detector 5 are both connected to the data acquisition device 4. It also includes a photovoltaic power generation module 1 and a power controller 2. The power interfaces of the photovoltaic power generation module 1, the energy storage battery 3, and the data acquisition device 4 are respectively connected to multiple power interfaces of the power controller 2, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a mounting column 7, a photovoltaic power generation module 1 fixed near the top of the mounting column 7, and a settlement detector 5 and a temperature and humidity sensor 6 arranged around the mounting column 7.
[0046] By designing a photovoltaic power generation module 1 and an energy controller 2 for charging and discharging management, the problem of unusable areas where power grid faults are not repaired in a timely manner and batteries cannot be replenished can be solved. In addition, by setting up installation columns, on the one hand, installation space can be provided for the photovoltaic power generation module 1, and on the other hand, clear markings can be provided for the temperature and humidity sensor 6 and the settlement detector 5, thereby solving the problem of inaccurate location due to missing data records.
[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the power controller 2 includes a charging management circuit and a power protection circuit. The charging management circuit includes a first charging chip, whose BAT pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery 3, and whose EP pin, TEMP pin and ground pin are all grounded. The power protection circuit includes a second charging chip, whose VSS pin is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage battery 3, and whose VDD pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery.
[0048] The first charging chip is a TP4056 chip, and the second charging chip is a DW06D chip.
[0049] By using the TP4056 chip as the first charging chip and the DW06D chip as the second charging chip, the reliability in the wild night hunting environment can be improved, and the charging control and protection functions can be played, avoiding faults such as excessive harmonics caused by relying solely on the TP4056 chip.
[0050] The data acquisition device 4 includes a power distribution circuit, a microprocessor, a Cat_1 modem, and an RS485 communication module. The input of the power distribution circuit is connected to the power controller 2, and the output is connected to the microprocessor, the Cat_1 modem, and the RS485 communication module. The microprocessor is connected to the Cat_1 modem, the Cat_1 modem is connected to the RS485 communication module, and the RS485 communication module is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor 6 and the settlement detector 5.
[0051] By setting up a data acquisition device 4 to distribute power and connect it to the temperature and humidity sensor 6 and the sedimentation detector 5 via wires, more reliable data can be obtained on the one hand, and integrated power supply for various sensors of different specifications can be achieved on the other hand, reducing the size.
[0052] It can simultaneously acquire information on multiple key parameters such as soil temperature, humidity, and settlement, enabling comprehensive real-time monitoring of the roadbed condition and improving the efficiency and accuracy of roadbed monitoring.
[0053] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the power distribution circuit includes a reverse connection protection unit, a first power module, a second power module, a first step-down circuit, and a second step-down circuit. The first power module includes a first normally closed output terminal, a first controlled output terminal, and a first control input terminal. The second power module includes a second normally closed output terminal, a second controlled output terminal, and a second control input terminal.
[0054] The input terminal of the reverse connection protection unit is connected to the power controller 2, and the output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the first power module. The first normally closed output terminal of the first power module is connected to the input terminal of the first step-down circuit, the first controlled output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second step-down circuit, and the first control input terminal is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor.
[0055] The output of the first step-down circuit is connected to the power input of the second power module. The second normally closed output of the power input is connected to the power input of the microprocessor. The second controlled output is connected to the power input of the Cat_1 modem and RS485 communication module. The second control input is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor.
[0056] Specifically, the reverse connection protection unit includes a first power connector CN1, a seventeenth field-effect transistor Q17, and a sixty-third resistor R63. The drain of the seventeenth field-effect transistor Q17 is connected to the positive terminal of the first power connector CN1, and the source is connected to the power input terminal of the first power module as the output terminal. The gate is grounded through the sixty-third resistor R63, and the negative terminal of the first power connector CN1 is grounded. The first power connector CN1 is connected to the power controller 2.
[0057] The first power module includes a first field-effect transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a second field-effect transistor Q2. The drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 serves as the first controlled output terminal, the source is connected to the power input terminal of the first power module and to one end of the first resistor R1, the gate is connected to the other end of the first resistor R1, one end of the second resistor R2, and the source of the second field-effect transistor Q2. The drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is grounded, and the gate serves as the first control input terminal and is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2. The first normally closed output terminal is short-circuited to the power input terminal of the first power module.
[0058] The second power module includes a third field-effect transistor Q3, a fourth field-effect transistor Q4, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4. The drain of the third field-effect transistor Q3 serves as the second controlled output terminal, the source is connected to the power input terminal of the second power module and to one end of the third resistor R3, and the gate is connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, one end of the fourth resistor R4, and the source of the fourth field-effect transistor Q4. The drain of the fourth field-effect transistor Q4 is grounded, and the gate serves as the second control input terminal and is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor R4. The second normally closed output terminal is short-circuited with the power input terminal of the second power module.
[0059] By designing the first and second power modules, controllable output at different voltage levels can be achieved, while also maintaining continuous power supply to the microprocessor.
[0060] The voltage monitoring unit includes a voltage divider circuit, and the voltage divider output terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the microprocessor.
[0061] like Figure 5 The diagram shows the circuit schematic of the microcontroller section. U1.1 and U1.2 are combined to form the main control chip, U19 is the watchdog timer, and the other components—Cat_1 modem, RS485 communication module, and RS232 communication module—are shown below. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the interface section is as follows Figure 9 As shown, in this application, the Cat_1 modem, RS485 communication module, and RS232 communication module all adopt existing designs. The improvement of this application mainly lies in the power distribution circuit, so that the various parts can be integrated together to work.
[0062] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the settlement detector 5 can be a product based on the existing inductive frequency modulation principle, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the system includes a fixing clamp 5-1, a fixing ring 5-2, a PVC shell 5-3, and an inductive frequency modulation unit 5-4. The inductive frequency modulation unit 5-4 is placed inside the PVC shell 5-3. The fixing clamp 5-1 is located on the outside of the PVC shell 5-3 via the fixing ring 5-2 and fixed to the mounting base. The design of the fixing clamp 5-1, fixing ring 5-2, and PVC shell 5-3 allows for long-term stable operation in harsh environments with high reliability. Similarly, the temperature and humidity sensor 6 is a probe-type sensor, specifically including a probe 5-1, a protective shell 5-2, and a sensor chip. In this embodiment, both the sedimentation detector 5 and the temperature and humidity sensor 6 utilize existing mature technologies, so further details are omitted. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the energy storage battery 1 is a lithium battery; however, other types of batteries can be used in other embodiments.
[0063] The mounting post 7 includes a base 7-1, a first pole body 7-2, and a second pole body 7-3. The base 7-1 is fixed to the roadside. The first pole body 7-2 and the second pole body 7-3 are coaxially connected, and the projection area of the second pole body 7-3 on the horizontal plane is completely located within the projection area of the first pole body 7-2 on the horizontal plane. The bottom end of the first pole body 7-2 is connected to the base 7-1, and the top end is connected to the bottom end of the second pole body 7-3. The photovoltaic power generation module 1 is fixed near the top end of the second pole body 7-3.
[0064] By adopting the design of base 7-1, first pole body 7-2 and second pole body 7-3, the overall stability can be improved even when the height of the mounting column 7 is set relatively high.
[0065] The mounting column 7 also includes a mounting rod 7-4. The first end of the mounting rod 7-4 is fixed to the second rod body 7-3 by a clamp, and the other end is provided with a baffle 7-4-1. The photovoltaic power generation module 1 is located on the upper surface of the mounting rod 7-4 near the baffle.
[0066] The area of the baffle 7-4-1 is larger than the area of the end of the mounting rod 7-4, and the end of the mounting rod 7-4 is connected to the upper part of the baffle 7-4-1.
[0067] The first end of the mounting pole 7-4 is fixed to the second pole body 7-3 by a clamp and relies on a baffle to provide a certain degree of wind and rain protection, thereby providing a certain space for equipment installation under the mounting pole 7-4 and protecting the equipment and cables located under the mounting pole 7-4 in severe weather such as tornadoes.
[0068] In some embodiments, the power controller 2 is located on the lower surface of the mounting rod 7-4. In other embodiments, both the power controller 2 and the energy storage battery 3 are located inside the first rod body 7-2. The first rod body 7-2 is provided with a waterproof hole for the cable to pass through, which can effectively protect the energy storage battery, etc. After the cable passes through the first rod body 7-2, the waterproof rubber ring in the drain hole can effectively prevent water from entering the interior. In addition, the energy storage battery 3 can be designed with the same shape as the first rod body 7-2.
[0069] The following data were obtained from sensors that were installed in the roadbed of a test section in East China. See Table 1 for details.
[0070] Table 1
[0071]
[0072]
[0073]
[0074]
[0075] The sensors are configured to send temperature, relative humidity, and sedimentation data to the platform every 4 hours, transmitting the signal for 1 minute and remaining in sleep mode the rest of the time. During signal transmission, the current is 50mA, consuming 36J of energy; during sleep mode, the current is 40μA, consuming 6.88J of energy, achieving low-power real-time transmission. The transmitted signal strength remains consistently at -51dBm, indicating a strong and stable signal of good quality; the changes in various monitoring data are stable and reasonable.
[0076] The following is another set of real data obtained by sensors that have been buried in the roadbed of a test section in North China. See Table 2 for details.
[0077] Table 2
[0078]
[0079]
[0080]
[0081]
[0082]
[0083] The sensors are configured to send temperature, relative humidity, and sedimentation data to the platform every 4 hours, transmitting the signal for 1 minute and remaining in sleep mode the rest of the time. During signal transmission, the current is 50mA, consuming 36J of energy; during sleep mode, the current is 40μA, consuming 6.88J of energy, achieving low-power real-time transmission. The transmitted signal strength remains consistently at -51dBm, indicating a strong and stable signal of good quality; the changes in various monitoring data are stable and reasonable.
Claims
1. A self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors, comprising an energy storage battery (3), a temperature and humidity sensor (6), a settlement detector (5), and a data acquisition device (4), wherein the temperature and humidity sensor (6) and the settlement detector (5) are both connected to the data acquisition device (4), characterized in that, It also includes a photovoltaic power generation module (1) and an energy controller (2). The power interfaces of the photovoltaic power generation module (1), the energy storage battery (3) and the data acquisition device (4) are respectively connected to multiple power interfaces of the energy controller (2). The device also includes a mounting column (7). The photovoltaic power generation module (1) is fixed near the top of the mounting column (7). The settlement detector (5) and the temperature and humidity sensor (6) are arranged around the mounting column (7).
2. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power controller (2) includes a charging management circuit and a power protection circuit. The charging management circuit includes a first charging chip, whose BAT pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery (3), and whose EP pin, TEMP pin and ground pin are all grounded. The power protection circuit includes a second charging chip, whose VSS pin is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage battery (3), and whose VDD pin is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage battery.
3. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first charging chip is a TP4056 chip, and the second charging chip is a DW06D chip.
4. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting post (7) includes a base (7-1), a first pole body (7-2), and a second pole body (7-3). The base (7-1) is fixed to the roadside. The first pole body (7-2) and the second pole body (7-3) are coaxially connected, and the projection area of the second pole body (7-3) on the horizontal plane is completely located within the projection area of the first pole body (7-2) on the horizontal plane. The bottom end of the first pole body (7-2) is connected to the base (7-1), and the top end is connected to the bottom end of the second pole body (7-3). The photovoltaic power generation module (1) is fixed near the top end of the second pole body (7-3).
5. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting column (7) also includes a mounting rod (7-4). The first end of the mounting rod (7-4) is fixed to the second rod body (7-3) by a clamp, and the other end is provided with a baffle (7-4-1). The photovoltaic power generation module (1) is located on the upper surface of the mounting rod (7-4) near the baffle.
6. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 5, characterized in that, The area of the baffle (7-4-1) is larger than the area of the end of the mounting rod (7-4), and the end of the mounting rod (7-4) is connected to the upper part of the baffle (7-4-1).
7. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power controller (2) is located on the lower surface of the mounting rod (7-4).
8. The self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power controller (2) and the energy storage battery (3) are both located inside the first pole body (7-2), which has a waterproof hole for the cable to pass through.
9. A self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition device (4) includes a power distribution circuit, a microprocessor, a Cat_1 modem and an RS485 communication module. The input terminal of the power distribution circuit is connected to the power controller (2), and the output terminal is connected to the microprocessor, the Cat_1 modem and the RS485 communication module respectively. The microprocessor is connected to the Cat_1 modem, the Cat_1 modem is connected to the RS485 communication module, and the RS485 communication module is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor (6) and the settlement detector (5) respectively.
10. A self-powered circuit-based monitoring device integrating multiple sensors according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power distribution circuit includes a reverse connection protection unit, a first power module, a second power module, a first step-down circuit, and a second step-down circuit. The first power module includes a first normally closed output terminal, a first controlled output terminal, and a first control input terminal. The second power module includes a second normally closed output terminal, a second controlled output terminal, and a second control input terminal. The input terminal of the reverse connection protection unit is connected to the power controller (2), and the output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the first power module. The first normally closed output terminal of the first power module is connected to the input terminal of the first step-down circuit, the first controlled output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second step-down circuit, and the first control input terminal is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor. The output terminal of the first step-down circuit is connected to the power input terminal of the second power module. The second normally closed output terminal of the power input terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the microprocessor. The second controlled output terminal is connected to the power input terminal of the Cat_1 modem and RS485 communication module. The second control input terminal is connected to an output pin of the microprocessor.