Lens structure, lens antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a lens structure, a lens antenna and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The lens structure comprises a plurality of layers of first lens assemblies arranged in sequence; the first lens assembly comprises at least one structural unit; the structural unit comprises a first adjusting part, a second adjusting part and a third adjusting part, and the three parts are arranged in a cross manner to form a dielectric constant adjusting structure; wherein the structural unit further comprises a first resonance assembly; the center of the intersection position of the first adjusting part, the second adjusting part and the third adjusting part is a first intersection point; the first resonance assembly penetrates the first intersection point, and the dielectric constant adjusting structure is divided into a first part and a second part; the first part and the second part are center-symmetric structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a lens structure, a lens antenna, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] An ideal Luneburg lens is a dielectric sphere whose dielectric constant follows a radial distribution given by the formula: ε = 2 - r 2 , where r is the normalized radial position. However, the main drawback of this lens is its manufacturing complexity; currently, there is no reliable technology to achieve the continuous dielectric constant variation required for an ideal Luneburg lens.

[0003] Among the many proposed implementation methods, shell technology remains the easiest to implement and therefore the most widely used method to conform to the gradient refractive index law required for lenses. Multilayer shell Luneburg lenses (also known as gradient index lenses, or GRIN for short) consist of a finite number of concentric, uniform dielectric shells. The directional characteristics of a gradient index lens are determined not only by the lens's shape and size but also by the distribution of its refractive index. By manipulating the refractive index distribution, the radiation characteristics of these GRIN lenses can be controlled. This not only helps support high directional characteristics but also provides low sidelobe levels and wide-angle scanning. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a lens structure, a lens antenna and an electronic device.

[0005] This disclosure provides a lens structure comprising a multi-layered first lens assembly arranged sequentially; the first lens assembly includes at least one structural unit; the structural unit includes a first adjustment section, a second adjustment section, and a third adjustment section, which are arranged in a cross-sectional manner to form a dielectric constant adjustment structure; wherein...

[0006] The structural unit further includes: a first resonant component; the center of the intersection of the first adjustment part, the second adjustment part and the third adjustment part is the first intersection point; the first resonant component passes through the first intersection point and divides the dielectric constant adjustment structure into a first component and a second component; the first component and the second component are mutually centrally symmetrical structures.

[0007] The first lens assemblies are stacked sequentially, and each first lens assembly includes structural units arranged in an array, with each layer of the first lens assembly corresponding to the other.

[0008] In the first lens assembly, the first adjustment parts of the structural units located in the same row are connected into a single structure, and the second adjustment parts of the structural units located in the same column are connected into a single structure; in the adjacent first lens assemblies, the third adjustment parts of the corresponding structural units are connected into a single structure.

[0009] The lens structure further includes a second lens assembly; the second lens assembly is a hollow structure; the multi-layer first lens assembly is embedded in the hollow structure, or the multi-layer first lens assembly is enclosed by the hollow structure.

[0010] The dielectric constant of the second lens assembly is less than that of the multilayer first lens assembly.

[0011] The material of the second lens assembly includes foam material.

[0012] The first adjustment part, the second adjustment part, and the third adjustment part are all prisms; any two of the first adjustment part, the second adjustment part, and the third adjustment part are orthogonal, and the centers of the three adjustment parts coincide with the first intersection point.

[0013] The first adjustment part, the second adjustment part, and the third adjustment part are all made of polymer.

[0014] The first resonant component includes a first dielectric substrate and a first conductive portion disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the center of the first conductive portion coincides with the first intersection point.

[0015] The first conductive part has a ring-shaped structure, having a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side that connect the first side and the second side and are disposed opposite to each other.

[0016] The first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side each have a first slit opening; the first slit opening includes a first sub-opening, a second sub-opening, and a third sub-opening; the first sub-opening, the second sub-opening, and the third sub-opening each include a first port and a second port disposed opposite to each other, the first port of the first sub-opening communicating with the first port of the second sub-opening, and the second port of the first sub-opening communicating with the first port of the third sub-opening; the second port of the second sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive part and points towards the middle region defined by the first conductive part; the second port of the third sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive part and is away from the middle region defined by the first conductive part.

[0017] The first conductive part includes a first sub-conductive part and a second sub-conductive part nested together; both the first sub-conductive part and the second sub-conductive part have an open-loop structure.

[0018] The first notch of the first sub-conductive portion and the second notch of the second sub-conductive portion are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch and the center of the second notch passes through the first intersection point.

[0019] The first sub-conductive portion and the second sub-conductive portion each include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side that connect the first side and the second side and are disposed opposite to each other.

[0020] The first sub-conductive portion has the first notch on its first side, and the second sub-conductive portion has the second notch on its second side.

[0021] The structural unit further includes a second resonant component; the second resonant component passes through the first intersection point and is arranged intersecting with the first resonant component.

[0022] The first resonant component includes a first dielectric substrate and a first sub-conductive portion disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the second resonant component includes a second dielectric substrate and a second sub-conductive portion disposed on the second dielectric substrate; both the first sub-conductive portion and the second sub-conductive portion are open-loop structures.

[0023] The first sub-conductive portion has a first notch, and the second sub-conductive portion has a second notch. The first notch and the second notch are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch and the center of the second notch passes through the first intersection point.

[0024] The first dielectric substrate has a first card interface, and the second dielectric substrate has a second card interface; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are arranged crosswise through the first card interface and the second card interface.

[0025] The wire connecting the two ends of the first sub-conductive part passes through the first card interface, and the wire connecting the two ends of the second sub-conductive part passes through the second card interface.

[0026] The lens structure includes a cylindrical lens or a spherical lens.

[0027] This disclosure also provides a lens antenna, which includes at least one feed source and at least one lens structure disposed on the radiating surface side of the at least one feed source; the lens structure is any of the lens structures described above.

[0028] One of the feed sources has a lens structure disposed on the radiating surface side.

[0029] The number of feed sources is multiple, and at least some of the feed sources have the same lens structure on their radiating surface side.

[0030] The feed source includes a dual-polarized feed source.

[0031] This disclosure also provides an electronic device that includes any of the lens antennas described above. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 3D structural unit.

[0033] Figure 2 Simulation diagram showing how the equivalent dielectric constant of the structural unit changes when the size of 'a' changes.

[0034] Figure 3 The figure shows the relationship between the dielectric constant and the frequency band of the structural unit when a = 6 mm.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lens structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a top view of the first lens assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural units of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the structural units of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a first resonant component, representing a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a dimensioning diagram of the first / second component of the dielectric constant adjustment structure, which is a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram showing the relationship between the equivalent dielectric constant and frequency of a structural unit in a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structural unit of a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the first resonant component of a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a simulation diagram showing the relationship between the equivalent dielectric constant and frequency of a structural unit in a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structural unit of a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the first resonant component of a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second resonant component, representing a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 17 This is a simulation diagram showing the relationship between the equivalent dielectric constant and frequency of a structural unit in a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 18 This is a top view of a lens structure according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of a lens structure according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the feed source from a first perspective, representing an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0053] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the feed source from a second perspective, representing an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes. Currently, there are two methods for fabricating GRIN lenses: One is to use foaming material technology, controlling the dielectric constant by adjusting the density of the foamed material; or to add different high-dielectric-constant ceramic spheres to the foamed material to achieve a wider range of dielectric constant control. The second method is to design a 3D structure to control the material porosity and thus adjust the dielectric constant. This design follows the effective medium theory, using a porosity-based method to control the dielectric constant. That is, when the spatial variation scale of an inhomogeneous medium is much smaller than the wavelength, it can be considered a homogeneous medium, so the effective dielectric constant can be controlled simply by adjusting the volume ratio of the composite material. GRIN lenses with 3D lens structures are often achieved using 3D printing.

[0056] The challenge of foamed lens technology lies in the foaming process. The foamed material uses PMI, PU, ​​etc., as a base material, with high-dielectric ceramic spheres added internally. Different sizes and quantities of these ceramic spheres result in varying dielectric constants in the final material, enabling a gradient refractive index distribution. This method is technically complex, requires significant R&D investment, and faces strong patent barriers.

[0057] Taking a cylindrical lens as an example of a 3D lens structure, it includes a first lens assembly 1 with multiple layers stacked, and each first lens assembly 1 includes multiple 3D structural units arranged in an array. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 3D structural unit; such as Figure 1As shown, the structural unit includes a first adjustment section 11, a second adjustment section 12, and a third adjustment section 13, which are orthogonally arranged. Specifically, the first adjustment sections 11 of structural units located in the same row within each first lens assembly 1 are connected into a single structure; the second adjustment sections 12 of structural units located in the same column are connected into a single structure; and the third adjustment sections 13 of corresponding structural units in adjacent first lens assemblies are connected into a single structure. This interconnection between structural units defines multiple air gaps. A key challenge of the 3D lens structure 100 technology lies in designing 3D structural units to achieve a wide range of equivalent dielectric constants. Generally, the overall size of the 3D unit remains constant. When the polymer size within the unit is large, the fill ratio between the polymer and the air gaps is also large, resulting in a larger equivalent dielectric constant for the unit. However, the problem with this technology is that the equivalent dielectric constant is affected by the dielectric constant of the polymer material itself and the polymer fill ratio.

[0058] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 Taking the first adjustment unit 11, the second adjustment unit 12, and the third adjustment unit 13 as an example, all three are cuboids. The length of each unit is T, where T = 22.8 m, and the width and height are both a. They are all made of polymer, specifically ABS engineering plastic, with a dielectric constant of 3.5. The overall dimensions of the structural unit are 22.8 mm × 22.8 mm × 22.8 mm. When the dimension a changes, the equivalent dielectric constant of the structural unit changes. For example... Figure 2 Simulation results show that when 'a' changes from 3 mm to 9 mm, the equivalent dielectric constant changes from 1.09 to 1.76. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when a=6mm, the dielectric constant of the structural unit remains basically around 1.34 in the frequency band of 1.5GHz~2.2GHz.

[0059] In summary, it can be seen that the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens structure 100 can be adjusted by changing the filling ratio between the polymer (first adjustment part 11, second adjustment part 12, and third adjustment part 13) and the air gap. However, this leads to a problem: the higher the dielectric constant, the higher the proportion of polymer, resulting in a heavier lens structure 100, which is not conducive to the lightweight and miniaturization requirements of the lens antenna.

[0060] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a lens structure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lens structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a top view of the first lens assembly 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural units of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7This is an exploded view of the structural units of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 4-7 As shown, the lens structure 100 includes, but is not limited to, cylindrical lenses, spherical lenses, etc. For ease of understanding in this embodiment, a cylindrical lens is used as an example of the lens structure 100. It includes multiple stacked first lens assemblies 1, each layer of the first lens assembly 1 including multiple 3D structural units arranged in an array. Each structural unit includes a first adjustment section 11, a second adjustment section 12, and a third adjustment section 13, which are intersected to form a dielectric constant adjustment structure. Specifically, the structural unit in this example also includes a first resonant component 14; the center of the intersection of the first adjustment section 11, the second adjustment section 12, and the third adjustment section 13 is the first intersection point; the first resonant component 14 passes through the first intersection point and divides the dielectric constant adjustment structure into a first component 101 and a second component 102; the first component 101 and the second component 102 are centrally symmetrical structures.

[0061] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12 and the third adjustment part 13 are all prisms, specifically cubes, and any two of the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12 and the third adjustment part 13 are orthogonal.

[0062] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by adding a first resonant component 14 to the structural unit, and by using the first resonant component 14 in conjunction with the dielectric constant adjustment structure to adjust the equivalent dielectric constant of the structural unit, a wider range of control over the equivalent dielectric constant can be achieved, while also having a lighter weight.

[0063] To better understand the lens structure 100 of this embodiment, the specific structure and equivalent dielectric constant of the structural unit will be described below in conjunction with the specific first resonant component 14.

[0064] First example: Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first resonant component 14 of a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 8 As shown, the first resonant component 14 in the structural unit of this example includes a first dielectric substrate 141 and a first conductive portion 142 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 141; the center of the first conductive portion 142 coincides with the center of the intersection of the first adjustment portion 11, the second adjustment portion 12 and the third adjustment portion 13, i.e., the first intersection point. Specifically, the first conductive portion 142 can be a resonant ring, and its material is a metal, such as copper.

[0065] Specifically, refer to Figure 8The first conductive portion 142 adopts a ring-shaped structure and has four sides: a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side and arranged opposite to each other. Each of the first side, second side, third side, and fourth side has a first slit opening 1420. The first slit opening 1420 adopts a "Z"-shaped slit opening. Specifically, the first slit opening 1420 includes a first sub-opening, a second sub-opening, and a third sub-opening; each of the first sub-opening, second sub-opening, and third sub-opening includes a first port and a second port arranged opposite to each other. The first port of the first sub-opening communicates with the first port of the second sub-opening, and the second port of the first sub-opening communicates with the first port of the third sub-opening. The second port of the second sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive portion 142 and points towards the defined central region of the first conductive portion 142; the second port of the third sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive portion 142 and moves away from the defined central region of the first conductive portion 142. The width of the central region is r, the width of each side is R, the length of the long side of the first slit opening 1420 is m, the width is n, and the length of the short side is L; the distance from the second end of the second sub-opening to the edge of its side is p. Where L = R - 2 × (p + n).

[0066] In some examples, the first dielectric substrate 141 includes, but is not limited to, a printed circuit board (PCB). In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first dielectric substrate 141 is a PCB board, which is a square board with a thickness of t and a side length of T.

[0067] Figure 9 This is a dimensional diagram showing the first component 101 and the second component 102 of the dielectric constant adjustment structure according to a first example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 9 As shown, in the dielectric constant adjustment structure in this example, the length of the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12, and the third adjustment part 13 is all T, and the width and height are all a. The length protruding from the connection point of the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12, and the third adjustment part 13 is b. The first component 101 and the second component 102, formed by the first resonant component 14 dividing the dielectric constant adjustment structure, have identical structures. The first component 101 and the second component 102 respectively include half of the structure of the first adjustment part 11 divided along the width direction, half of the structure of the second adjustment part 12 divided along the height direction, and half of the structure of the third adjustment part 13 divided along the length direction. The width and height of the half of the structure of the first adjustment part 11 divided along the width direction and the half of the structure of the second adjustment part 12 divided along the height direction are both c.

[0068] The relationship between the dielectric constant adjustment structure and the dimensions of the first resonant component 14 is as follows:

[0069] T=2×(b+c)+t; c=0.5×(at); b=0.5×(Ta).

[0070] Taking a lens structure 100 with T=22.8mm, a=6mm, b=8.4mm, c=2.75mm, t=0.5mm, R=18mm, r=14mm, m=1.5mm, n=1mm, p=2mm, and L=12mm as an example, and the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12, and the third adjustment part 13 being made of polymer, specifically ABS engineering plastic, with an ABS dielectric constant of 3.5 and a PCB board dielectric constant of 2.25, a simulation of the lens structure 100 was performed. The equivalent dielectric constant of the 3D structural unit of this example is shown in Figure 10. The lens structure 100 maintains a dielectric constant of approximately 2.0 within the frequency band of 1.5GHz to 2.2GHz.

[0071] As can be seen from the simulation results above, compared with the structural units in related technologies, the dielectric constant of the structural unit in this example is significantly increased. Therefore, with the same equivalent dielectric constant, the structural unit in this example is relatively lighter. As a result, the lens structure 100 can achieve a wider range of equivalent dielectric constant control by using the structural unit in this example, while also having a lighter weight.

[0072] Second example: Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structural unit of a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the first resonant component 14 in a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 11 and 12 As shown, the structural unit in this example is roughly the same as that in the first example. The difference lies in the structure of the first conductive part 142 in the first resonant component 14. In this example, the first conductive part 142 includes a nested first sub-conductive part 1421 and a second sub-conductive part 1422. Both the first sub-conductive part 1421 and the second sub-conductive part 1422 have an open-loop structure. The first notch 1423 of the first sub-conductive part 1421 and the second notch 1424 of the second sub-conductive part 1422 are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch 1423 and the center of the second notch 1424 passes through the first intersection point.

[0073] In some examples, both the first sub-conductive portion 1421 and the second sub-conductive portion 1422 can be square open rings, that is, both the first sub-conductive portion 1421 and the second sub-conductive portion 1422 include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side connected to the first side and the second side and disposed opposite to each other. The first side of the first sub-conductive portion 1421 has the first notch 1423, and the second side of the second sub-conductive portion 1422 has the second notch 1424.

[0074] The outer side length of the first sub-conductive part 1421 is R1, and the inner side length is R2. The outer side length of the second sub-conductive part 1422 is r1, and the inner side length is r2. The dimensions of the first notch 1423 and the second notch 1424 are both m. In this example, the parameters of each part of the dielectric constant adjustment structure are the same as in the first example, so they will not be described again here.

[0075] The relationship between the dielectric constant adjustment structure and the dimensions of the first resonant component 14 is as follows:

[0076] T=2×(b+c)+t; c=0.5×(at); b=0.5×(Ta).

[0077] Taking a lens structure 100 with T=22.8mm, a=6mm, b=8.4mm, c=2.75mm, t=0.5mm; R1=16mm, R2=15mm, r1=14mm, r2=13mm, m=2mm as an example; and the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12, and the third adjustment part 13 being made of polymer, specifically ABS engineering plastic, with an ABS dielectric constant of 3.5 and a PCB board dielectric constant of 2.25, a simulation of the lens structure 100 was performed. The equivalent dielectric constant of the 3D structural unit of this example is shown in Figure 13. The lens structure 100 maintains a dielectric constant of approximately 2.5 within the frequency band of 1.5GHz to 2.2GHz.

[0078] The third example: Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structural unit of a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the first resonant component 14 in a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second resonant component 15 in a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 14-16 As shown, compared to the first and second examples, the lens structure 100 composed of the structural units in this example is particularly suitable for use in a dual-polarized feed 200. The structural units in this example differ from those in the two examples described above in that, in addition to the dielectric constant adjustment structure formed by the orthogonal arrangement of the first adjustment unit 11, the second adjustment unit 12, and the third adjustment unit 13, the structural units in this example also include a first resonant component 14 and a second resonant component 15. The first resonant component 14 and the second resonant component 15 are orthogonally arranged, and both pass through the first intersection point.

[0079] In some examples, the first resonant component 14 includes a first dielectric substrate 141 and a first sub-conductive portion 1421 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 141; the second resonant component 15 includes a second dielectric substrate 151 and a second sub-conductive portion 1422 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 151; both the first sub-conductive portion 1421 and the second sub-conductive portion 1422 are open-loop structures. The first sub-conductive portion 1421 has a first notch 1423, and the second sub-conductive portion 1422 has a second notch 1424. The first notch 1423 and the second notch 1424 are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch 1423 and the center of the second notch 1424 passes through the first intersection point.

[0080] In this example, the first dielectric substrate 141 can have the same structure as in the two examples described above, and the second dielectric substrate 151 can be made of the same material as the first dielectric substrate 141, meaning that both the first dielectric substrate 141 and the second dielectric substrate 151 are made of PCB board. Correspondingly, the dimensions of the first dielectric substrate 141 and the second dielectric substrate 151 can also be made of the same material as described above. The outer side length of the first sub-conductive portion 1421 is R1, and the inner side length is R2; the outer side length of the second sub-conductive portion 1422 is r1, and the inner side length is r2; the length of both the first notch 1423 and the second notch 1424 is m. In this example, the parameters of each part of the dielectric constant adjustment structure are the same as in the first example, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0081] Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate 141 has a first card interface 1425, and the second dielectric substrate 151 has a second card interface 152; the first dielectric substrate 141 and the second dielectric substrate 151 are arranged intersectingly through the first card interface 1425 and the second card interface 152. The connecting line at the two ends of the first sub-conductive portion 1421 passes through the first card interface 1425, and the connecting line at the two ends of the second sub-conductive portion 1422 passes through the second card interface 152. This example facilitates the mounting of the first dielectric substrate 141 and the second dielectric substrate 151. The width of both the first card interface 1425 and the second card interface 152 is n.

[0082] The relationship between the dielectric constant adjustment structure and the dimensions of the first resonant component 14 is as follows:

[0083] T=2×(b+c)+t; c=0.5×(at); b=0.5×(Ta).

[0084] With T=22.8mm, a=6mm, b=8.4mm, c=2.75mm, t=0.5mm; R1=15mm, R2=14mm, r1=13mm, r2=12mm, m=2mm, n=1mm; the materials of the first adjustment part 11, the second adjustment part 12, and the third adjustment part 13 are polymers, specifically ABS engineering plastics, with an ABS dielectric constant of 3.5 and a PCB board dielectric constant of 2.59. The simulation results show the relationship between the equivalent dielectric constant and frequency of the 3D structural unit as follows: Figure 17 In the frequency band of 1.5 GHz to 2.0 GHz, the equivalent dielectric constant slowly increases from 1.78 to 2.59.

[0085] Fourth example: Figure 18 This is a top view of the lens structure 100 of the fourth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 19 This is a perspective view of the lens structure 100 of the fourth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; as shown Figure 18 and 19 As shown, compared to the first to third examples, the lens structure 100 in this example includes not only a multi-layered first lens assembly 1, but also a second lens assembly 2; the second lens assembly 2 is a hollow structure; the multi-layered first lens assembly 1 is embedded within the hollow structure, or the multi-layered first lens assembly 1 is enclosed by the hollow structure; the dielectric constant of the second lens assembly 2 is less than the dielectric constant of the multi-layered first lens assembly 1. In this example, since the lens structure 100 is taken as a cylindrical lens, the second lens assembly 2 is a cylindrical hollow structure.

[0086] In some examples, the material of the second lens assembly 2 includes a foamed material. The foamed material can be PMI or polyurethane, and the density of the foamed material can be adjusted to match the required dielectric constant.

[0087] In some examples, the lens structure 100 can be a cylindrical lens operating in the 1710MHz~2170MHz frequency band. According to the formula, the required equivalent dielectric constant gradient for the cylindrical lens is 2.0 for the inner layer and 1.4 for the outer layer. The inner layer consists of 11 layers of periodically arranged 3D structural units; each layer has 11 rows of units, with an overall approximately circular arrangement, totaling 93 structural units per layer. This structural unit can be any of the three examples mentioned above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0088] The above descriptions are merely of a few exemplary structural units and lens structures 100. It should be understood that the above examples do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the present invention.

[0089] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 20As shown, this disclosure also provides a lens antenna, which includes at least one feed source 200 and at least one lens structure 100 located on the radiating surface side of the at least one feed source 200. The lens structure 100 can be any of the lens structures 100 described in the above examples.

[0090] In some examples, the feed source 200 can be a single-point fed feed source 200 or a dual-polarized feed source 200. Specifically, a feed source 200 can be electrically connected to a feed port of a feed structure, i.e., it adopts single-point feeding. A feed source 200 can be electrically connected to feed ports in two feed structures, and the feed directions of the feed ports in the two feed structures are different. In this case, dual polarization can be achieved for each feed source 200. For example, the feed port of one feed structure is connected to the feed source 200 to achieve a +45° polarization direction, and the feed port of the other feed structure is connected to the feed source 200 to achieve a -45° polarization direction. In the following examples of this disclosure, only the feed source 200 having two feed points and achieving dual polarization is taken as an example.

[0091] In some examples, the feed 200 can be selected in multiple ways. Depending on its structure, the feed 200 can be either a microstrip antenna or a horn antenna. Depending on its material, the feed 200 can be either a die-cast metal feed 200 or a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) feed 2001. This disclosure will continue to describe the feed 200 using a microstrip antenna as an example, but this should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

[0092] In some examples, Figure 21 This is an exploded view of the feed source in an embodiment of this disclosure from a first perspective. Figure 22 This is an exploded view of the feed source of an embodiment of this disclosure from a second perspective; as shown Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, the feed source 200 can be disposed on the third dielectric substrate 110. The feed source 200 includes a first balun assembly 121, a second balun assembly 122, and four radiating portions P1, P2, P3, and P4. The first balun assembly 121 and the second balun assembly 122 are mounted on the third dielectric substrate 110 and are arranged crosswise. The four radiating portions P1, P2, P3, and P4 are disposed on the same radiating layer 130 and on the same dielectric substrate 140. Two of the radiating portions P1 and P2 are disposed on the end of the first balun assembly 121 away from the third dielectric substrate 110, and the other two radiating portions P3 and P4 are disposed on the end of the second balun assembly 122 away from the third dielectric substrate 110. A reference electrode layer 150 is disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 110 away from the radiating layer 130.

[0093] In some examples, reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 Two radiating portions P1 and P2, mounted on the first balun assembly 121, are arranged side-by-side in the first polarization direction D1 and connected to the first balun assembly 121. Two radiating portions P3 and P4, mounted on the second balun assembly 122, are arranged side-by-side in the second polarization direction D2 and connected to the second balun assembly 122. The first polarization direction D1 differs from the second polarization direction D2; the first polarization direction D1 can be +45°, and the second polarization direction D2 can be -45°. The first balun assembly 121 and the second balun assembly 122 are orthogonally arranged. The first balun assembly 121 and the second balun assembly 122 can be perpendicular to the third dielectric substrate 110 or to the plane containing the four radiating portions; no specific limitation is made here. The following description uses the example of the first balun assembly 121 and the second balun assembly 122 being perpendicular to the third dielectric substrate 110 and the plane containing the four radiating portions, but this does not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0094] In some examples, the first balun assembly 121 may include a first balun substrate 1213, with a first balun feed line 1211 and a first reference electrode 1212 disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first balun substrate 1213, and the first reference electrode 1212 connected to a pair of radiating portions P1 and P2 via pads; the second balun assembly 122 may include a second balun substrate 1223, with a second balun feed line 1221 and a second reference electrode 1222 disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second balun substrate 1223, and the second reference electrode 1222 connected to another pair of radiating portions P3 and P4 via pads.

[0095] In some examples, the feed source 200 and the lens structure can be set in a one-to-one correspondence, or multiple feed sources 200 can be set in correspondence with one lens structure.

[0096] by Figure 20 Taking the lens antenna shown as an example, this lens antenna consists of two lens structures with a spacing of approximately 400mm. Dual-polarized feed sources are placed below each lens structure, with a spacing of approximately 400mm between the two feed sources. The lens structures shape and focus the near-field radiation energy from their corresponding feed sources to form far-field radiation. Each dual-polarized feed source outputs two feed ports, resulting in four feed ports in total, thus realizing a four-port lens antenna.

[0097] This disclosure provides an electronic device that includes any of the lens antennas described above.

[0098] The electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna can serve as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna can process it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0099] In some examples, an RF transceiver is connected to a transceiver unit to modulate signals transmitted by the transceiver unit or to demodulate signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal before transmitting it to the receiving end.

[0100] In some examples, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. It combines the signals from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The received signal is then processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0101] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0102] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0103] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of this utility model, and the utility model is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lens structure comprising a plurality of first lens components arranged in sequence; the first lens components comprising at least one structural unit; the structural unit comprising: The first adjustment section, the second adjustment section, and the third adjustment section are arranged in a cross-sectional manner to form a dielectric constant adjustment structure; wherein... The structural unit further includes: a first resonant component; the center of the intersection of the first adjustment part, the second adjustment part and the third adjustment part is the first intersection point; the first resonant component passes through the first intersection point and divides the dielectric constant adjustment structure into a first component and a second component; the first component and the second component are mutually centrally symmetrical structures.

2. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein, The multilayer first lens assemblies are stacked sequentially, and the first lens assembly includes structural units arranged in an array, with each layer of the first lens assembly corresponding to the other. In the first lens assembly, the first adjustment parts of the structural units located in the same row are connected into a single structure, and the second adjustment parts of the structural units located in the same column are connected into a single structure; in the adjacent first lens assemblies, the third adjustment parts of the corresponding structural units are connected into a single structure.

3. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a second lens assembly; the second lens assembly is a hollow structure; the multi-layer first lens assembly is embedded in the hollow structure, or the multi-layer first lens assembly is wrapped by the hollow structure; The dielectric constant of the second lens assembly is less than that of the multilayer first lens assembly.

4. The lens structure of claim 3, wherein, The material of the second lens assembly includes foam material.

5. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein, The first adjustment part, the second adjustment part, and the third adjustment part are all prisms; any two of the first adjustment part, the second adjustment part, and the third adjustment part are orthogonal, and the centers of the three adjustment parts coincide with the first intersection point.

6. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein, The first adjustment section, the second adjustment section, and the third adjustment section are all made of polymer.

7. The lens structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The first resonant component includes a first dielectric substrate and a first conductive portion disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the center of the first conductive portion coincides with the first intersection point.

8. The lens structure according to claim 7, wherein, The first conductive part has a ring-shaped structure, having a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side that connect the first side and the second side and are disposed opposite to each other; The first side, the second side, the third side, and the fourth side each have a first slit opening; the first slit opening includes a first sub-opening, a second sub-opening, and a third sub-opening; the first sub-opening, the second sub-opening, and the third sub-opening each include a first port and a second port disposed opposite to each other, the first port of the first sub-opening communicating with the first port of the second sub-opening, and the second port of the first sub-opening communicating with the first port of the third sub-opening; the second port of the second sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive part and points towards the middle region defined by the first conductive part; the second port of the third sub-opening penetrates the edge of the first conductive part and is away from the middle region defined by the first conductive part.

9. The lens structure according to claim 7, wherein, The first conductive portion includes a first sub-conductive portion and a second sub-conductive portion nested together; both the first sub-conductive portion and the second sub-conductive portion have an open-loop structure; The first notch of the first sub-conductive portion and the second notch of the second sub-conductive portion are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch and the center of the second notch passes through the first intersection point.

10. The lens structure according to claim 9, wherein, Both the first sub-conductive portion and the second sub-conductive portion include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side that connect the first side and the second side and are disposed opposite to each other; The first sub-conductive portion has the first notch on its first side, and the second sub-conductive portion has the second notch on its second side.

11. The lens structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The structural unit further includes: a second resonant component; the second resonant component passes through the first intersection point and is arranged intersecting with the first resonant component.

12. The lens structure according to claim 11, wherein, The first resonant component includes a first dielectric substrate and a first sub-conductive portion disposed on the first dielectric substrate; the second resonant component includes a second dielectric substrate and a second sub-conductive portion disposed on the second dielectric substrate; both the first sub-conductive portion and the second sub-conductive portion are open-loop structures. The first sub-conductive portion has a first notch, and the second sub-conductive portion has a second notch. The first notch and the second notch are opposite each other, and the line connecting the center of the first notch and the center of the second notch passes through the first intersection point.

13. The lens structure according to claim 12, wherein, The first dielectric substrate has a first card interface, and the second dielectric substrate has a second card interface; the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are arranged crosswise through the first card interface and the second card interface; The wire connecting the two ends of the first sub-conductive part passes through the first card interface, and the wire connecting the two ends of the second sub-conductive part passes through the second card interface.

14. The lens structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The lens structure includes a cylindrical lens or a spherical lens.

15. A lens antenna comprising at least one feed source and at least one lens structure disposed on the radiating surface side of the at least one feed source; said lens structure being the lens structure of any one of claims 1-14.

16. The lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein, A lens structure is disposed on the radiating surface side of one of the feed sources.

17. The lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein, The number of feed sources is multiple, and at least some of the feed sources have the same lens structure on their radiating surface side.

18. The lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein, The feed source includes a dual-polarized feed source.

19. An electronic device comprising a lens antenna according to any one of claims 15-18.

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