An external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle

Abstract

This utility model discloses an external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle, specifically relating to the field of machine tool processing technology. Located on the spindle, it includes a sealing sleeve, a retaining ring positioned between the sealing sleeve and the spindle, and a bearing assembly. The retaining ring is located at one end of the sealing sleeve, and has a guide component and a check groove on the side facing the spindle. The bearing assembly includes a first limiting block, a first bearing, a second limiting block, and a second bearing arranged sequentially between the sealing sleeve and the retaining ring. The retaining ring restricts the position of the bearing assembly. The sealing sleeve and the retaining ring have multiple chip removal channels and oil return channels. This utility model provides basic sealing protection through the sealing sleeve, while the guide component and check groove on the retaining ring achieve primary sealing and impurity guidance, simultaneously restricting the axial position of the bearing assembly. The independent chip removal channels and oil return channels respectively facilitate impurity discharge and lubricant recovery, thereby ensuring comprehensive sealing protection for the high-speed spindle, extending the spindle's service life, and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of machine tool processing technology, and specifically relates to an external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle. Background Technology

[0002] A lathe is a machine tool primarily used to machine rotating workpieces using cutting tools. Drills, reamers, taps, dies, and knurling tools can also be used on a lathe for various machining operations. The machine tool spindle, as a core functional component, directly determines machining efficiency and product quality through its operating accuracy, stability, and service life. However, during machining, the spindle generates a large amount of fine debris, coolant, and cutting oil mist when performing cutting operations at high speed. If these impurities penetrate critical components such as the bearings inside the spindle, they can easily cause bearing wear, lubrication failure, and even serious malfunctions such as spindle jamming and decreased accuracy, significantly shortening the spindle's service life and increasing equipment maintenance costs.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design an external sealing structure for high-speed machine tool spindles to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides an external sealing structure for a high-speed spindle of a machine tool to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: an external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle, which is disposed on the spindle and includes a sealing sleeve, a fixing ring disposed between the sealing sleeve and the spindle, and a bearing assembly. The fixing ring is disposed at one end of the sealing sleeve and has a guide and a check groove on the side facing the spindle. The bearing assembly includes a first limiting block, a first bearing, a second limiting block, and a second bearing arranged in sequence between the sealing sleeve and the fixing ring, with the fixing ring restricting the position of the bearing assembly. The sealing sleeve and the fixing ring have multiple chip removal channels and oil return channels.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the retaining ring has a retaining edge on the side away from the bearing assembly, and the retaining edge is fixed to the sealing sleeve by a limiting bolt.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the guide element is an annular groove and a discharge port located inside the fixing ring, and multiple connecting channels are connected between the annular groove and the discharge port.

[0008] The retaining edge is provided with a first chip removal channel that connects to the discharge port.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the check groove is provided with a check ring, the check ring having ratchet teeth on the side facing the spindle, and the spindle having locking teeth adapted to the ratchet teeth;

[0010] The retaining edge is provided with a second chip removal channel that connects to the anti-reverse groove.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the retaining edge is connected to the sealing sleeve and is provided with a first oil return channel.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, both the first limiting block and the second limiting block are provided with oil storage grooves on the side facing the sealing sleeve, and the baffle is provided with a second oil return channel and a third oil return channel connecting the oil storage grooves on the first limiting block and the second limiting block, respectively.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the outer side of the flange is provided with an external drain port connecting the first, second, and third oil return channels, and the external drain port is provided with an oil plug.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, both the first bearing and the second bearing are provided with side openings, and the sealing sleeve is provided with a fourth oil return channel connected to the side openings.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the inner walls of both the chip removal channel and the oil return channel are provided with a wear-resistant coating.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0017] 1. As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the high-speed spindle external sealing structure of this machine tool provides basic sealing protection through a sealing sleeve; the guide component and check groove on the fixed ring achieve primary sealing and impurity guidance, while limiting the axial position of the bearing assembly; the bearing assembly composed of a first limiting block, a first bearing, a second limiting block, and a second bearing ensures stable bearing operation through multi-stage limiting, reducing vibration during high-speed rotation; the independent chip removal channel and oil return channel design respectively realize impurity discharge and lubricating oil recovery, achieving all-round sealing protection for the high-speed spindle, thereby extending the service life of the spindle and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0018] 2. As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the retaining flange, the fixing ring and the sealing sleeve are rigidly fixed by the limiting bolt connection, which effectively resists the radial centrifugal force, axial impact force and vibration load generated during the high-speed rotation of the spindle and the vibration load during the processing, limits the relative position between the three and ensures the overall stability of the sealing structure under high-speed rotation conditions. At the same time, the fixed retaining flange and the fixing ring together constitute the axial limiting boundary of the bearing assembly, which works in conjunction with the radial support of the sealing sleeve.

[0019] 3. As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the annular structure of the guide component is adapted to the rotation trajectory of the main shaft. The intruding impurities are thrown towards the inner wall of the fixed ring under the action of centrifugal force. The annular groove temporarily collects the impurities. The connecting channels distributed along the circumference of the fixed ring form a flow path, guiding the impurities in the annular groove to the discharge port. The discharge port is precisely connected with the first chip removal channel to form a continuous chip removal path. Combined with the centrifugal thrust and gravity generated by the rotation, the impurities are discharged, realizing the rapid guidance and discharge of impurities such as debris, coolant and oil mist that have intruded into the sealing gap near the sealing inlet, greatly reducing the risk of impurities intruding into the bearing assembly.

[0020] In addition, a check ring with ratchet teeth is added to the check groove, and a matching tooth is set at the corresponding position of the spindle. The non-contact meshing structure further enhances the sealing and blocking effect. The non-contact labyrinth seal structure with tooth gap prevents impurities from entering in reverse. At the same time, a second chip removal channel is specially set for the impurities intercepted in the check groove area to directionally export the small impurities blocked by the check ring, so as to avoid accumulation in the groove and cause seal failure.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the connection between the flange and the sealing sleeve and the setting of the first oil return channel utilize the structural connectivity and the centrifugal force generated by gravity and the rotation of the main shaft to form a fluid guide, thereby achieving efficient convergence and directional return of lubricating oil in the sealing cavity. This avoids sealing failure caused by the accumulation of lubricating oil in the sealing cavity, while ensuring the lubrication circulation of the bearing assembly and reducing resource waste.

[0022] In addition, a dedicated recovery path for lubricating oil in the limiting block area is constructed through the annular groove, the second return oil channel, and the third return oil channel. Through the collection and buffering of the annular groove and the directional transmission of the dedicated channel, efficient recovery of lubricating oil between the contact surface of the limiting block and the sealing sleeve is achieved, avoiding the accumulation and leakage of lubricating oil in the gap. Specifically, the annular groove acts as a "transfer buffer area" for lubricating oil, collecting lubricating oil that leaks from the bearing assembly to the surface of the limiting block. The annular structure achieves all-round interception and temporary storage of lubricating oil. At the same time, the second and third return oil channels are precisely connected to the annular grooves of the first and second limiting blocks, respectively, forming independent branch return oil paths. Using gravity, centrifugal force, and the pressure difference inside and outside the sealing cavity as power, the lubricating oil in the limiting block area is directionally introduced into the main return oil circulation.

[0023] Meanwhile, an external vent is provided on the outside of the flange to connect to the return oil channels (first, second, and third return oil channels), and is normally sealed by an oil plug. When the return oil channels are blocked by impurities, pipe bends, or other reasons, causing the oil return to be obstructed, the pressure inside the channels will gradually increase. At this time, the oil plug can be opened to discharge the accumulated oil through the external vent, avoiding leakage at the sealing sleeve and flange connection due to excessive pressure, or damage to the seals of the bearing assembly. The external vent serves as an emergency pressure relief channel, preventing seal failure and structural damage caused by return oil blockage, and reducing the risk of escalating failure.

[0024] 5. As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, by setting the side openings of the first and second bearings and the fourth oil return channel, the functions of direct discharge and directional flow of oil inside the bearing are realized, which enhances the oil recovery efficiency after bearing lubrication, reduces the risk of overheating caused by oil retention inside the bearing, and further optimizes the circulation performance of the spindle lubrication system. Specifically, the side opening is opened in the non-stressed area on the side of the bearing, which does not affect the normal rotation function of the bearing, and can quickly discharge the oil remaining in the raceway, roller clearance and cage after lubrication. The fourth oil return channel is formed by connecting the bearing side opening and the oil return channel inside the flange. Through the connection structure between the flange and the sealing sleeve, the centrifugal force generated by gravity and spindle rotation is used as the oil flow power to make the lubricating oil flow smoothly along the channel.

[0025] 6. As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a wear-resistant coating is provided on the inner wall of the chip removal channel and the oil return channel to improve the wear resistance of the inner wall of the channel, reduce the scouring and wear of the channel by high-speed flowing debris, lubricating oil and impurities, extend the service life of the channel and ensure the stability of fluid transportation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention.

[0027] In the attached diagram:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of the machine tool according to this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first chip removal channel;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second chip removal channel and the fourth oil return channel;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and third oil return channels;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second oil return channel;

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 1. Spindle;

[0035] 2. Sealing sleeve; 21. First oil return channel;

[0036] 3. Fixing ring; 31. Guide component; 311. Annular groove; 312. Discharge port; 313. First chip removal channel; 32. Check groove; 321. Check ring; 322. Ratchet; 323. Clamping tooth; 324. Second chip removal channel; 33. Side guard; 34. Limiting bolt;

[0037] 4. Bearing assembly; 41. First limiting block; 42. First bearing; 43. Second limiting block; 44. Second bearing; 45. Side opening; 451. Fourth oil return channel; 46. Oil reservoir; 47. Second oil return channel; 48. Third oil return channel; 49. Oil plug. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this utility model, a detailed description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this utility model that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0041] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the first feature "on" or "below" the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "implementation," "example," "aspect," or "specific example" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, an external sealing structure for a high-speed spindle 1 of a machine tool is described. A retaining ring 3 is installed in a preset position on the spindle 1 by an interference fit. The interference fit reduces the gap. When the equipment is started, the spindle 1 rotates at high speed. External chips and coolant splash onto the surface of the sealing sleeve 2, and some enter the sealing structure along the gap. The guide 31 on the retaining ring 3 generates centrifugal force as the spindle 1 rotates, throwing impurities toward the chip discharge channel inlet. The impurities are discharged along the channel to an external collection device. The check groove 32 forms a "maze effect" through the groove structure, using the fluid flow resistance to prevent impurities from entering the bearing assembly 4, while preventing the internal lubricating oil of the spindle 1 from leaking out. The internal lubricating oil of the spindle 1 enters the bearing assembly 4 through the oil passage to lubricate the first bearing 42 and the second bearing 44. The first limiting block 41 and the second limiting block 43 isolate the bearing, preventing grease mixing or interference, and reduce radial vibration of the bearing through rigid support. At the same time, they ensure that the outer sealing structure does not rotate with the main shaft 1 while the main shaft 1 rotates. The retaining ring 3, through the flange 33 and the limiting bolt 34, axially limits the sealing sleeve 2 to ensure that the bearing has no axial displacement when rotating at high speed, ensuring rotational accuracy. Excess lubricating oil or a small amount of coolant that has seeped in after lubrication flows into the return oil channel under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, and flows back to the lubrication system or oil tank of the main shaft 1 along the channel. The trace impurities that are not intercepted by the guide 31 are discharged with the chip removal channel. After the main shaft 1 stops rotating, the residual impurities and oil continue to flow along the chip removal channel and the return oil channel under the action of gravity, completing the final drainage. The accumulated impurities are cleaned through the chip removal channel regularly, and the oil condition is checked through the return oil channel to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the sealing structure and bearing assembly 4.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] like Figure 2As shown, an external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle 1 differs from that in Embodiment 1. When the spindle 1 rotates at high speed, external chips and coolant enter the gap between the sealing sleeve 2 and the spindle 1 via airflow or gaps. Some large particles are blocked by the outer wall of the sealing sleeve 2, while small particles and coolant seep into the area of ​​the fixed ring 3 along the gap. The annular groove 311 on the inner side of the fixed ring 3 is an annular structure. When the spindle 1 rotates, centrifugal force is used to throw the chips, dust, coolant mixture, and other impurities that have entered the sealing structure into the groove, forming an "annular collection area." Subsequently, multiple connecting channels evenly distributed along the circumference connect the annular groove 311 to the discharge port 312, using centrifugal force and gravity to guide the impurities in the groove to converge towards the discharge port 312, preventing impurities from remaining in the annular groove 311. The first chip removal channel 313 of the retaining edge 33 is precisely connected at one end to the outlet 312 of the fixing ring 3, and the other end leads to the outside of the sealing structure. Therefore, impurities and fluids enter the first chip removal channel 313 of the retaining edge 33 through the outlet 312 of the fixing ring 3. The retaining edge 33 remains stationary with the sealing sleeve 2. The inner wall of the channel is provided with a wear-resistant layer. Under the action of centrifugal inertia and gravity, impurities are quickly discharged to the outside along the smooth channel, forming a complete chip removal path of "annular groove 311 - connecting channel - outlet 312 - first chip removal channel 313 - outside". After periodically disassembling the retaining edge 33, the blockage of the annular groove 311, connecting channel and outlet 312 can be directly observed. The channel can be flushed with a high-pressure air gun or cleaning agent to ensure smooth chip removal during the next operation. This path uses centrifugal force and fluid power to achieve directional transport of impurities without the need for an additional power unit.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, an external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle 1 differs from that in Embodiment 1. A check ring 321 is fixed within a check groove 32, with a ratchet 322 on its side facing the spindle 1. A matching one-way inclined locking tooth 323 is provided at a corresponding position on the spindle 1. When the spindle 1 rotates normally, the ratchet 322 and the locking tooth 323 make contact with each other on their inclined surfaces. A small gap is created due to the guiding effect of the tooth shape, which does not affect rotation. If impurities or fluid attempt to invade along the spindle 1 axis towards the bearing assembly 4, the perpendicular tooth surfaces of the ratchet 322 and the locking tooth 323 form a mechanical barrier, acting like a "one-way valve," preventing further penetration of impurities. The cooperation between the check ring 321 and the check groove 32 forms a labyrinth + mechanical locking composite protection: the groove structure of the check groove 32 initially intercepts through fluid resistance, while the ratchet 322-locking tooth 323 engagement of the check ring 321 strengthens the protection through physical blocking, especially effective against oil-stain mixed chips; at the same time, the second chip removal channel 324 of the flange 33 is connected to the bottom of the check groove 32 at one end and leads to the outside at the other end, used to remove trace impurities accumulated in the check groove 32. The channel uses gravity and the airflow generated by the rotation of the spindle 1 to directionally discharge residual impurities in the check groove 32, avoiding long-term accumulation that could lead to failure of the check function.

[0049] In addition, the first bearing 42 and the second bearing 44 are provided with side openings 45, and the sealing sleeve 2 is provided with a fourth oil return channel 451 connected to the side openings 45. When the lubrication system of the main shaft 1 injects high-pressure lubricating oil into the raceways of the first bearing 42 and the second bearing 44, after the oil forms an oil film between the roller and the raceway, some of the oil is carried into the cage gap with the rotation of the roller, or is thrown to both ends of the bearing due to centrifugal force. At this time, the first bearing 42 and the second bearing 44 are provided with side openings 45. The side openings 45 are opened in the non-stressed area on the side of the bearing. The bearing side openings 45 directly connect the raceway to the outside. The oil remaining on the edge of the raceway and in the cage flows into the side openings 45 under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and then directly enters the inlet of the fourth oil return channel 451 of the sealing sleeve 2, avoiding repeated friction and heat generation of the oil inside the bearing. At the same time, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the main shaft 1 further accelerates the oil to flow into the main oil tank. The fourth oil return channel 451 is designed for the direct discharge of residual oil inside the bearing. During regular maintenance, after draining the oil through the external drain port of the flange 33, cleaning agent can be injected into the inlet of the fourth oil return channel 451 to flush the oil stains and impurities on the inner wall of the channel. The cleaning agent is discharged from the external drain port through the collection chamber to ensure that the channel is unobstructed.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, an external sealing structure for a high-speed spindle 1 of a machine tool differs from that in Embodiment 1. The flange 33 is connected to the sealing sleeve 2 and is connected to a first oil return channel 21. When the spindle 1 rotates at high speed, some lubricating oil in the bearing assembly 4 will leak outward due to centrifugal force during operation. Part of the leaked lubricating oil directly enters the communication area between the flange 33 and the sealing sleeve 2, while the other part gradually permeates into the communication area through the gaps of the surrounding components. The first oil return channel 21 serves as a "return branch" of the lubrication system of the spindle 1. One end connects to the internal gap between the flange 33 and the sealing sleeve 2, and the other end is connected to the oil tank of the spindle 1 through a pipeline. The leaked lubricating oil is thrown to the first oil return channel 21 by the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force, and then flows back through the path of the first oil return channel 21. The smooth surface and wear-resistant coating of the inner wall of the channel reduce the frictional resistance of the lubricating oil flow and reduce the resistance of the lubricating oil entering the channel, ensuring that the lubricating oil can continuously and stably flow into the channel.

[0052] Furthermore, the second oil return channel 47 and the third oil return channel 48 of the flange 33 are connected to the oil storage tanks 46 of the first limit block 41 and the second limit block 43, respectively, forming an independent "oil storage tank 46 → oil return channel → oil tank" return path. The design logic is to achieve oil diversion and recovery to address the different lubrication requirements of different bearings (first bearing 42 and second bearing 44), avoiding cross-influence of oil performance caused by mixed return oil (such as different levels of oil contamination at different locations). Specifically: when installing the first limit block 41 and the second limit block 43, ensure that their oil storage tanks 46 face the sealing sleeve 2 side. A small amount of grease can be pre-applied to the oil storage tanks 46 to enhance the initial sealing effect. When assembling the flange 33, it is fixed by the limit bolts 34, aligning the inlet of the second oil return channel 47 with the oil storage tank 46 of the first limit block 41, and the inlet of the third oil return channel 48 with the oil storage tank 46 of the second limit block 43; bearing lubrication and oil overflow: the spindle 1 lubrication system supplies oil to the first bearing 44 through the oil inlet path. 2. High-pressure lubricating oil is supplied to the first bearing 42 and the second bearing 44. After the oil fills the gap between the bearing raceway and the rollers, excess oil overflows from both ends of the bearing due to centrifugal force. The oil storage tank 46 of the first limiting block 41 collects the oil overflowing from the first bearing 42, and the oil storage tank 46 of the second limiting block 43 collects the oil overflowing from the second bearing 44 in the same way. After the oil in the oil storage tank 46 of the first limiting block 41 reaches a certain amount, it flows into the second oil return channel 47 of the baffle 33 along the oil outlet hole at the bottom of the tank, and finally flows into the oil tank return pipeline. The oil storage tank 46 and the third oil return channel 48 on the second limiting block 43 are similar, and they return independently. If the oil contamination levels of the two bearings are different, it will not affect the return oil purification efficiency.

[0053] Meanwhile, the outer side of the flange 33 is provided with an external vent connecting the first, second, and third oil return channels 48, and is equipped with an oil plug 49. When installing the oil plug 49, sealant should be applied to the threads or a sealing washer should be added. Tighten it to the specified torque using a wrench to ensure that there is no oil leakage under normal conditions. When the spindle 1 is running normally, the oil plug 49 is in the tightened state, and the external vent is completely sealed. Lubricating oil in the return oil channel flows to the oil tank under the action of gravity and centrifugal force. The pressure in the collection chamber is maintained within the normal range. The oil plug 49 only bears a slight static pressure of the oil and does not require an additional locking device. If the oil in the return oil channel is blocked by the filter screen, the pipeline is bent, or the oil tank return port is blocked, the pressure in the collection chamber will gradually increase. This may cause oil leakage at the connection between the sealing sleeve 2 and the flange 33, abnormal temperature rise of the bearing assembly 4, etc. At this time, the machine must be stopped immediately, the oil plug 49 should be loosened, and the accumulated oil should be quickly discharged through the external drain until the pressure in the channel drops to the normal level. If the discharged oil contains a large amount of impurities, the cleanliness of the return oil channel filter screen and the oil storage tank 46 should be checked at the same time. After cleaning the blockage, the oil plug 49 should be tightened again to restore normal operation.

[0054] For any parts not mentioned in this utility model, existing technologies can be used or referenced.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0056] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An external sealing structure for a high-speed machine tool spindle, disposed on the spindle, comprising a sealing sleeve (2), a retaining ring (3) disposed between the sealing sleeve (2) and the spindle (1), and a bearing assembly (4), characterized in that, The fixing ring (3) is located at one end of the sealing sleeve (2), and a guide (31) and a check groove (32) are provided on the side facing the main shaft (1). The bearing assembly (4) includes a first limiting block (41), a first bearing (42), a second limiting block (43), and a second bearing (44) arranged in sequence between the sealing sleeve (2) and the fixing ring (3), with the fixing ring (3) restricting the position of the bearing assembly (4). The sealing sleeve (2) and the fixing ring (3) have multiple chip discharge channels and oil return channels.

2. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing ring (3) has a retaining edge (33) on the side away from the bearing assembly (4), and the retaining edge (33) is fixed to the sealing sleeve (2) by a limiting bolt (34).

3. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide (31) is an annular groove (311) and a discharge port (312) located inside the fixed ring (3), and multiple connecting channels are connected between the annular groove (311) and the discharge port (312). The baffle (33) is provided with a first chip removal channel (313) that connects to the discharge port (312).

4. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The check groove (32) is provided with a check ring (321), and the side of the check ring (321) facing the main shaft (1) has a ratchet (322). The main shaft (1) is provided with a locking tooth (323) that matches the ratchet (322). The retaining edge (33) is provided with a second chip removal channel (324) that connects to the backstop groove (32).

5. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flange (33) is connected to the sealing sleeve (2) and is provided with a first oil return channel (21).

6. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first limiting block (41) and the second limiting block (43) are each provided with an oil storage tank (46) on the side facing the sealing sleeve (2). The baffle (33) is provided with a second oil return channel (47) and a third oil return channel (48) connecting the oil storage tank (46) on the first limiting block (41) and the second limiting block (43).

7. The external sealing structure of a high-speed machine tool spindle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The outer side of the baffle (33) is provided with an external drain port that connects to the first, second and third oil return channels, and the external drain port is provided with an oil plug (49).

8. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first bearing (42) and the second bearing (44) are both provided with side openings (45), and the sealing sleeve (2) is provided with a fourth oil return channel (451) connecting the side openings (45).

9. The external sealing structure of the high-speed spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner walls of both the chip removal channel and the oil return channel are coated with a wear-resistant coating.

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