Electrical connection components and electrical connectors

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of connector technology, and particularly to an electrical connection assembly and an electrical connector. The electrical connection assembly includes a lead frame, a terminal assembly disposed on the lead frame, and a grounding plate. The terminal assembly includes a plurality of signal terminals and a grounding terminal horizontally distributed along a first direction. The grounding plate is disposed on a first side of the terminal assembly, and the grounding terminal extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal and connects to the grounding plate, such that the first side of the signal terminal and the grounding plate are spaced apart from each other. The electrical connection assembly and electrical connector of this utility model can reduce the complexity of the manufacturing process and improve the crosstalk shielding performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of connector technology, and in particular to an electrical connection component and an electrical connector. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical connectors use signal terminals to provide signal connections between electronic devices. Typically, due to the small gaps between signal terminals, unintended interference or crosstalk can occur between these adjacent terminals. Crosstalk occurs when a signal terminal causes electronic interference to another signal terminal due to a mixed electric field, thereby compromising signal integrity. With the miniaturization and high-speed advancement of electronic devices, high-speed signal integrity electronic communication is becoming increasingly prevalent, making crosstalk reduction a crucial issue in electrical connector design.

[0003] A common technique for reducing crosstalk is to place a grounding terminal between adjacent signal terminals in each row of terminal assemblies. Another common technique is to place a shielding structure, such as a grounding plate, between adjacent rows of terminal assemblies. These shielding structures and grounding terminals block crosstalk by preventing the mixing of electric fields between the terminals.

[0004] However, the size, location, and spacing of the grounding terminal and shielding structure are closely related to the characteristic impedance of the signal terminals. For example, the distance between the shielding structure and the signal terminals, the distance between adjacent signal terminals, the volume of the signal terminals, and the volume of the grounding terminal all affect the characteristic impedance. The characteristic impedance of an electrical connector refers to the resistive characteristics exhibited by the connector during electrical signal transmission. Characteristic impedance is crucial for the performance and stability of electrical signal transmission; mismatched characteristic impedance may lead to signal reflection, loss, and interference, thereby affecting system performance.

[0005] Chinese Patent Application No. 202410611162.2 discloses an electrical connector comprising an upper terminal group and a lower terminal group, both of which include signal terminals and ground terminals. Waveform grounding plates are provided on opposite sides of both the upper and lower terminal groups to shield crosstalk between signal terminals. The waveform grounding plates have crests and troughs; the crests are used to contact the corresponding ground terminals, and the troughs are used to contact the isolation plate. The crest design of the waveform grounding plate ensures that the plane of the terminal group is located at the crest, maintaining a predetermined distance between the signal terminals and the troughs, thus matching the characteristic impedance of the signal terminals. However, this design has several problems: First, the waveform grounding plate has multiple bends, increasing manufacturing complexity. Second, since all ground terminals of the electrical connector are located on a single plane, the flatness of the waveform grounding plate is required to be extremely high; otherwise, poor contact with the ground terminals can easily occur, affecting grounding performance and thus reducing crosstalk immunity. Finally, the waveform grounding plate is not suitable for non-flat ground terminals and is difficult to apply to bent or folded ground terminals. Furthermore, the aforementioned connector uses an electrical connection plate positioned between the upper and lower terminal groups, and grounding is achieved through the electrical connection plate, which further increases the cost. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an electrical connection component and an electrical connector.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an electrical connection component, including a lead frame, a terminal assembly disposed on the lead frame, and a grounding plate. The terminal assembly includes a plurality of signal terminals and a grounding terminal horizontally distributed along a first direction. The grounding plate is disposed on a first side of the terminal assembly. The grounding terminal extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal toward the first side of the grounding plate and is connected to the grounding plate. The first side of the signal terminal and the grounding plate are spaced apart from each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the grounding terminal includes a first segment and a second segment that are stacked on top of each other, the first segment being closer to the grounding plate, and the first segment extending beyond the first side of the signal terminal in the direction toward the grounding plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the first segment and the second segment are configured as a split structure; or

[0010] The first section and the second section are integrally bent into shape. The second section is bent from one end of the first section away from the grounding plate and then stacked on the second side of the first section away from the grounding plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the grounding terminal and the signal terminal are respectively stamped from metal plates of different thicknesses. The thickness of the grounding terminal is greater than that of the signal terminal. In the third direction, the second side of the signal terminal and the grounding terminal away from the grounding plate is on the same horizontal plane. The first side of the grounding terminal is conductive to the grounding plate, and the first side of the signal terminal is electrically isolated from the grounding plate.

[0012] Furthermore, both the signal terminal and the grounding terminal have welding ends for welding to the connected object. The welding end of the grounding terminal has a hollow heat insulation portion, and the heat insulation portion includes a first heat insulation hole that penetrates the welding end of the grounding terminal along a first direction.

[0013] The grounding plate is configured as a horizontal plane on its second side facing the terminal assembly; or the grounding plate is configured as a horizontal plane on both its second side facing the terminal assembly and its first side facing away from it.

[0014] Furthermore, the terminal assembly and the grounding plate are respectively disposed on the second side and the first side of the lead frame; the second side of the lead frame is provided with a signal receiving groove and a ground receiving groove for respectively accommodating the signal terminal and the grounding terminal, and the bottom of the grounding receiving groove at least partially penetrates the first side of the lead frame so that the grounding terminal can be connected to the grounding plate.

[0015] The grounding plate has a protruding rib on its second side facing the terminal assembly, which is directly opposite the grounding terminal. The protruding rib is connected to the first side of the grounding terminal. The protruding rib is formed by stamping from the first side of the grounding plate to the second side.

[0016] Furthermore, each grounding terminal has several protruding ribs, which are spaced apart along the length of the grounding terminal.

[0017] Furthermore, corresponding to several protruding ribs of each grounding terminal, a first window is formed between two adjacent protruding ribs, which penetrates the grounding sheet. The first window is used to engage with the lead frame in a concave-convex manner.

[0018] Furthermore, among the plurality of protruding ribs on the edges of both ends of the grounding plate, the first window between the protruding ribs extends through the grounding plate in a direction away from the other end edge; the lead frame protrudes into the first window between the protruding ribs on both ends along a first direction to engage with it.

[0019] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted by this utility model is to provide an electrical connector, including the electrical connection components described above.

[0020] In summary, the electrical connection assembly and electrical connector of this utility model have the following beneficial effects: (I) Improved anti-crosstalk performance: It solves the problem of unstable contact caused by the manufacturing process and elasticity of the waveform grounding plate in the prior art, improves the connection performance between the grounding terminal and the grounding plate, and enables noise signals to return quickly through the ground, thereby improving the anti-crosstalk performance of the electrical connector. (II) Optimized and reduced manufacturing process complexity: The grounding plate only needs to be made into a conventional sheet structure. The process of adding an opening (first window) is added during its manufacturing process, which simplifies the manufacturing process and eliminates the need to consider the tolerance of the waveform grounding plate. (III) The second window at the first lead frame and the second lead frame is the pressure hole position in the injection molding process, which not only solves the terminal misalignment problem in the injection molding process, but also realizes the function of the second window. It eliminates the need to add two opening processes separately, which simplifies the manufacturing process and solves the terminal misalignment problem. (IV) The rib structure design on the second side of the grounding plate can raise the height of the grounding terminal when the distance parameters between the signal terminal and the grounding plate are consistent, thereby reducing the thickness of the grounding terminal and reducing the processing complexity of the grounding terminal. (v) The convex rib structure at both ends of the grounding plate can enhance the connection performance between the grounding plate and the terminal, and can also form multiple concave and convex joint surfaces at both ends of the grounding plate, enhance the bonding force between the grounding plate and the lead frame, improve the connection strength and stability of the electrical connector, and improve the service life of the electrical connector. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electrical connector of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view of AA.

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Only a cross-sectional view of the first electrical connection assembly is shown in the image.

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Exploded view.

[0026] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first terminal assembly.

[0027] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first terminal assembly and the first grounding plate.

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of one of the grounding terminals.

[0029] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first lead frame.

[0030] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of part B in the middle.

[0031] Figure 10 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first grounding piece.

[0032] Figure 11 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the encapsulation frame of the main carrier.

[0033] Figure 12 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the front end covering of the main carrier.

[0034] The diagrams in the instruction manual are labeled as follows:

[0035] First side direction a; Second side direction b;

[0036] First electrical connection assembly A; First recessed position A1; Second recessed position A2; First lead frame 100; Signal receiving groove 10a; Grounding receiving groove 10b; Signal pair receiving area 110; First protrusion 111; Second window 120; Heat-insulating mating part 130; First filling part 131; First space 1311; Second space 1312; Second filling part 132; Third filling part 133; Third space 1331; Second protrusion 140; Positioning protrusion 150; Fifth groove 151; Positioning post 161; Positioning hole 162; First terminal assembly 200; Signal terminal 20a; Grounding terminal 20b; First section 210; Second section 220; Heat-insulating part 230; First heat-insulating hole 231; Second heat-insulating hole 232; Third groove 233; Gap J; Predetermined distance D; First grounding piece 300; Positioning hole 301; Protruding rib 310; First window 320; Through hole 330;

[0037] Second electrical connection assembly B; second lead frame 100'; second terminal assembly 200'; second grounding piece 300';

[0038] Main carrier 400; Covering frame 410; First covering part 411; Second covering part 412; Matching grooves 411a, 412a; Third protrusion 412b; Second clearance groove 412c; Third covering part 413; Fourth covering part 414; Front end covering part 420; Guide part 421; First groove 422; First protrusion 423; First signal covering groove 4231; First grounding covering groove 4232; Second protrusion 424; Rear end covering part 430; Second groove 431; Second protrusion 432; Second signal covering groove 4321; Second grounding covering groove 4322;

[0039] The docking part is C1; the installation part is C2. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] The following disclosure provides various embodiments or examples of different features for implementing this utility model. Specific examples of components and arrangements will be described below to simplify the utility model. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. For example, in the following description, forming a first component above or on a second component may include embodiments where the first and second components are in direct contact, or embodiments where other components may be formed between the first and second components such that the first and second components are not in direct contact. Additionally, reference numerals and / or characters may be repeated in various instances of the utility model. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations.

[0042] Furthermore, spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "above," and "above" may be used herein to readily describe the relationship between one element or component and another element (or component) or component (or component) as shown in the figure. In addition to the orientations shown in the figure, spatial relation terms will encompass various different orientations of the device in use or operation. The device may be positioned in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations) and will be interpreted accordingly through the spatial relation descriptors used herein.

[0043] Furthermore, the technical parts described in this utility model and the appended claims are mainly the improved technical parts of this utility model, and do not limit the object protected by this utility model to only having these technical parts. Other known necessary components (structures and / or methods) and / or non-essential components of the protected object, other than the technical parts described in this utility model and the appended claims, are not included in this utility model and the appended claims because they do not involve the improvement scope of this utility model. However, this does not mean that the object protected by this utility model does not possess these known components.

[0044] Please see Figures 1 to 12 , Figures 1 to 12 An exemplary embodiment of an electrical connector is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical connector includes two electrical connection components distributed along a third direction (hereinafter referred to as the Z-axis direction). The two electrical connection components can be arranged in a mirror image of each other, with their first sides facing each other and their second sides facing away from each other. The grounding plates of the two sets of electrical connection components are stacked and in contact with each other. Each of the two electrical connection components includes a lead frame, a terminal assembly disposed on the lead frame, and a grounding plate. For ease of description, the two electrical connection components are referred to below as first electrical connection component A (upper row component) and second electrical connection component B (lower row component), respectively. They have the same structure and are arranged in a mirror image. The electrical connector also includes a main carrier 400 (or frame) that combines or constrains the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B together to form an integral whole. After they are combined, the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B are respectively located on two opposite sides of the main carrier 400.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure of the electrical connector is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments, the electrical connector may include a plurality of electrical connection components and a main carrier 400 that combines the plurality of electrical connection components together. The plurality of electrical connection components may be adjacent to each other or spaced apart from each other. The number of electrical connection components depends on the application scenario or electronic device of the electrical connector; for example, the electrical connector may also include only one electrical connection component.

[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 4The first electrical connection component A includes a first lead frame 100, a first terminal assembly 200, and a first grounding plate 300. The second electrical connection component B includes a second lead frame 100', a second terminal assembly 200', and a second grounding plate 300' with the same structure or function. Both the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B have a first side and a second side distributed along a third direction. The first side of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B are opposite to each other and their second sides are opposite to each other. The first side is the side of each component facing the first lateral direction a, and the second side is the side of each component facing the second lateral direction b. Based on this, both the first lead frame 100 and the second lead frame 100' have opposing first side surfaces 101 and 101' and opposing second side surfaces. That is, the first side surface of the first lead frame 100 (the lower side shown in the figure) is opposite to the first side surface of the second lead frame 100' (the upper side shown in the figure), and the second side surface of the first lead frame 100 is opposite to the second side surface of the second lead frame 100'. Both the first terminal assembly 200 and the second terminal assembly 200' have opposing first sides and opposing second sides. That is, the first side of the first terminal assembly 200 is opposite to the first side of the second terminal assembly 200', and the second side of the first terminal assembly 200 is opposite to the second side of the second terminal assembly 200'. Similarly, both the first grounding piece 300 and the second grounding piece 300' have opposing first sides and opposing second sides. That is, the first side of the first grounding piece 300 is opposite to the first side of the second grounding piece 300', for example, by overlapping and contacting each other, and the second side of the first grounding piece 300 is opposite to the second side of the second grounding piece 300'.

[0047] The first terminal assembly 200 is disposed on the first lead frame 100, for example, on the second side (upper side) of the first lead frame 100, and the first grounding piece 300 is disposed on the first side (lower side) of the first lead frame 100. The second electrical connection assembly B is a mirror image of the first electrical connection assembly A; therefore, the second terminal assembly 200' is disposed on the second lead frame 100', for example, on the second side (lower side) of the second lead frame 100', and the second grounding piece 300' is disposed on the first side (upper side) of the second lead frame 100'. Based on this, the first terminal assembly 200, the first lead frame 100, the first grounding piece 300, the second grounding piece 300', the second lead frame 100', and the second terminal assembly 200' are distributed sequentially from top to bottom. The first grounding piece 300 and the second grounding piece 300' can be attached together.

[0048] Since the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B have the same structural design, the following detailed explanation will focus on the first electrical connection component A as an example.

[0049] Please see Figure 5 The first terminal assembly 200 includes signal terminals 20a and ground terminals 20b (signal terminals 20a and ground terminals 20b are collectively referred to as terminals). Multiple signal terminals 20a and ground terminals 20b can be configured, and these multiple signal terminals 20a and ground terminals 20b are arranged horizontally and alternately along a first direction, with a gap J between each pair of adjacent terminals. The first direction is, for example, the length direction or longitudinal direction shown in the figure; for ease of description, the X-axis direction will be used to represent the first direction below. The length direction (central axis direction) of each signal terminal 20a and ground terminal 20b is horizontally distributed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second direction is, for example, the width direction or transverse direction shown in the figure; for ease of description, the Y-axis direction will be used to represent the second direction below. Therefore, the Y-axis direction can be used as the insertion direction of the electrical connector and its first electrical connection component A. The end that is inserted into the mating electrical connector can be called the front end or the mating end (one end in the Y-axis direction), and the other end that is away from it can be called the rear end or the soldering end (the other end in the Y-axis direction). The soldering end is used to solder to grounded objects such as wire harnesses or boards (circuit boards, substrates, backplates, etc.).

[0050] The signal terminals 20a are arranged in pairs, and a ground terminal 20b is provided on both sides of each signal pair or between each adjacent pair. The signal pairs can be configured as high-frequency differential signal pairs, and the ground terminals 20b prevent crosstalk between the high-frequency differential signal pairs of the first electrical connection assembly A. In the first terminal assembly 200 arranged along the entire X-axis, the terminals on both sides are ground terminals 20b. If S represents the signal terminal 20a and represents the ground terminal 20b, then the first terminal assembly 200 can be arranged according to GSS. Of course, the arrangement of the signal terminals 20a and ground terminals 20b is not limited to this; for example, they can also be arranged according to SGS, SSG, etc.

[0051] The signal terminal 20a and the ground terminal 20b are respectively stamped from metal plates of different thicknesses. The thickness of the ground terminal 20b is greater than that of the signal terminal 20a. In the third direction, the second side of the signal terminal 20a and the ground terminal 20b away from the first grounding plate 300 is on the same horizontal plane. The first side of the ground terminal 20b is conductive to the grounding plate, and the first side of the signal terminal 20a is electrically isolated from the first grounding plate 300.

[0052] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7The second sides of the signal terminal 20a and the ground terminal 20b are located on the same plane, and the first side of the signal terminal 20a is spaced apart from the first ground piece 300 by a predetermined distance D, thereby achieving impedance matching of the signal terminal 20a. This predetermined distance D is achieved in the following manner:

[0053] Method 1: Increase the thickness (dimension along the Z-axis) of the grounding terminal 20b. For example, use a thicker sheet to make the grounding terminal 20b, so that its second side is on the same side as the signal terminal 20a, and its first side extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal 20a in the direction of the first grounding plate 300 and is connected to the first grounding plate 300. The first side of the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance D.

[0054] Method 2: A longer sheet material is selected, bent, and stacked to form a grounding terminal 20b, such that the grounding terminal 20b has a first segment 210 closer to the first grounding plate 300 along the Z-axis and a second segment 220 further away from the first grounding plate 300. The second segment 220 is bent from one end of the first segment 210 away from the first grounding plate 300 and stacked on the second side of the first segment 210. The second side of the second segment 220 is on the same plane as the second side of the signal terminal 20a. The thickness of the second segment 220 can be greater than the thickness of the signal terminal 20a, so that its first side extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal 20a. Consequently, the first segment 210 located on the first side of the second segment 220 extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal 20a and connects with the first grounding plate 300, thereby creating a predetermined distance D between the first side of the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300.

[0055] Method 3: Two sheets are fabricated and stacked together to form a grounding terminal 20b. The sheet closer to the first grounding plate 300 is configured as the first segment 210 of the grounding terminal 20b, and the sheet farther from the grounding plate is configured as the second segment 220 of the grounding terminal 20b. This causes the first side of the grounding terminal 20b facing the first grounding plate 300 to extend beyond the first side of the signal terminal 20a and connect with the first grounding plate 300, thereby creating a predetermined distance D between the first side of the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will understand that the connection or contact between the grounding terminal 20b and the first grounding piece 300 mentioned herein refers to a conductive connection. Depending on different requirements, the grounding terminal 20b can contact or abut against the first grounding piece 300 to achieve a conductive connection. The grounding terminal 20b can also be rigidly connected to the first grounding piece 300, such as by welding, to achieve a conductive connection.

[0057] Regardless of the method described above, the first side of the grounding terminal 20b can extend beyond the first side of the signal terminal 20a. Since the second side of the signal terminal 20a must be on the same plane as the second side of the grounding terminal 20b, the above method allows for a predetermined distance D between the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300. The predetermined distance D is determined based on the protrusion of the grounding terminal 20b beyond the signal terminal 20a, the required characteristic impedance, and the volume of the signal terminal 20a, the spacing between the two signal terminals 20a, and / or the volume of the grounding terminal 20b. For example, the greater the distance between the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300, the higher its characteristic impedance; the larger the volume of the signal terminal 20a (e.g., the wider its width), the lower its characteristic impedance; the closer the spacing between the signal pairs, the lower their characteristic impedance.

[0058] Typically, the width of each terminal is very narrow. Relatively speaking, narrower terminals are more difficult to process, while wider terminals are easier to process but occupy more space. Therefore, based on this, the width of the terminals is adjusted comprehensively, and the width of the terminals is appropriately increased to facilitate processing and forming. While increasing the width of the signal terminal 20a reduces its characteristic impedance, this embodiment increases the thickness of the ground terminal 20b. Taking advantage of the rigid configuration that the second side of the signal terminal 20a and the second side of the ground terminal 20b are on the same plane, increasing the thickness of the ground terminal 20b achieves the purpose of keeping the signal terminal 20a at a predetermined distance D from the first ground piece 300. This allows for the appropriate widening of the signal terminal 20a to facilitate manufacturing, while simultaneously adjusting the characteristic impedance to match the impedance of the connected electronic equipment.

[0059] This embodiment achieves the above objectives by improving the structure of the grounding terminal 20b. Compared with the prior art where the first grounding piece 300 is designed as a square waveform grounding piece, it has the following advantages: 1. The grounding piece can be manufactured as a conventional sheet or block structure, greatly reducing the processing difficulty of the grounding piece and eliminating the need to consider the problem of poor contact between the grounding terminal 20b caused by excessive flatness of the grounding piece. 2. It solves the problem of unstable contact caused by various reasons such as manufacturing and elasticity of the waveform grounding piece in the prior art, improves the connection performance between the grounding terminal 20b and the grounding piece, allows noise signals to quickly return through the ground, and improves the anti-crosstalk performance of the electrical connector.

[0060] Please continue reading Figure 7 The welding end of the grounding terminal 20b is provided with a hollowed-out heat insulation portion 230. The heat insulation portion 230 can isolate a portion of the high temperature generated during welding of the welding end of the grounding terminal 20b to the connected object, solving the problem of rapid heat diffusion caused by the large volume and numerous heat transfer surfaces of the grounding terminal 20b, and preventing deformation of the terminal due to rapid heat diffusion. The heat insulation portion 230 includes a first heat insulation hole 231 penetrating the welding end of the grounding terminal 20b along a first direction. There can be one or more first heat insulation holes 231, which are spaced apart along the length direction of the grounding terminal 20b when there are multiple first heat insulation holes 231. Taking the above-described grounding terminal 20b structure as an example, the heat insulation portion 230 includes a first groove located at the welding end of the first section 210 and a second groove located at the welding end of the second section 220. The openings of the first and second grooves face each other, forming the first heat insulation hole 231, the length of which is distributed along the length direction of the grounding terminal 20b. The heat insulation portion 230 is further configured to include one or more second heat insulation holes 232 (e.g., two second heat insulation holes 232) disposed on the second section 220. The second heat insulation holes 232 penetrate the second section 220 along the Z-axis direction, and are located closer to the front end of the grounding terminal 20b than the first heat insulation hole 231. A third groove 233 is provided in the second section 220 corresponding to the position of the second heat insulation hole 232. The third groove 233 communicates with the second heat insulation hole 232 to further increase the heat insulation performance. The second heat insulation hole 232 not only has a heat insulation function but also increases the bonding force between the grounding terminal 20b and the first lead frame 100.

[0061] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 The first lead frame 100 serves as a carrier for the first terminal assembly 200, supporting and fixing the terminal assembly. The first lead frame 100 can be integrally injection molded with the first terminal assembly 200, or it can be pre-molded and then inserted into the first terminal assembly 200. The first lead frame 100 can be an insulator or an injection-molded part; therefore, the first lead frame 100 can also be referred to as an insulating body or a plastic part.

[0062] According to this embodiment, a signal receiving groove 10a for accommodating the signal terminal 20a is provided on the second side of the first lead frame 100 at the position corresponding to the signal terminal 20a, and a grounding receiving groove 10b for accommodating the ground terminal 20b is provided at the position corresponding to the ground terminal 20b. The signal receiving grooves 10a and grounding receiving grooves 10b are spaced apart along the X-axis direction, and the length of each signal receiving groove 10a and grounding receiving groove 10b is distributed along the Y-axis direction.

[0063] Based on the GSSG distribution, a grounding slot 10b is distributed on both sides (both sides along the X-axis) of every two adjacent signal receiving slots 10a, meaning that two signal receiving slots 10a are distributed in the area between every two adjacent grounding receiving slots 10b. Therefore, the area on the first lead frame 100 located between every two adjacent grounding receiving slots 10b is configured as a signal pair receiving area 110, and the signal pair receiving area 110 forms two signal receiving slots 10a corresponding to a signal pair.

[0064] Based on the above-described signal terminal 20a structure, the depth of the signal receiving groove 10a is less than the depth of the grounding receiving groove 10b. When the signal terminal 20a is received within the signal receiving groove 10a, the second side of the signal terminal 20a should be at least flush with the second side of the first lead frame 100, or the second side of the signal terminal 20a should protrude beyond the second side of the first lead frame 100, the protrusion dimension depending on the requirements of different embodiments. To increase the bonding force between the signal terminal 20a and the signal receiving groove 10a, a fourth groove (not shown) or a first protrusion is provided on the first side of the signal terminal 20a, and a first protrusion 111 (the solution adopted in this embodiment) or a fourth groove with a concave-convex fit is provided on the bottom surface of the signal receiving groove 10a.

[0065] Based on the above-described structure of the grounding terminal 20b, where the thickness of the grounding terminal 20b is greater than that of the signal terminal 20a and protrudes towards the first grounding plate 300, the depth (dimension along the Z-axis) of the grounding receiving groove 10b is greater than the depth of the signal receiving groove 10a. The depth of the grounding receiving groove 10b can satisfy the following condition: when the grounding terminal 20b is received therein, the second side of the grounding terminal 20b is at least flush with the second side of the first lead frame 100, or the second side of the grounding terminal 20b protrudes beyond the second side of the first lead frame 100, the protrusion dimension depending on the requirements of different embodiments.

[0066] Based on the above-described structure of the grounding terminal 20b, in order to connect the grounding terminal 20b in the grounding receiving groove 10b to the first grounding piece 300 located on the first side of the first lead frame 100, the bottom surface of the grounding receiving groove 10b at least partially penetrates the first side of the first lead frame 100 so that the grounding terminal 20b can be connected to the first grounding piece 300. That is, at least one second window 120 penetrating the first lead frame 100 in the direction of the first grounding piece 300 is provided on the bottom surface of the grounding receiving groove 10b. For example, three (not limited to three) second windows 120 are provided on the bottom surface of the grounding receiving groove 10b as shown in the figure. The three second windows 120 are distributed at intervals along the second direction on the bottom surface of the grounding receiving groove 10b, with their first ends penetrating the first side of the first lead frame 100 and their second ends penetrating the bottom surface of the grounding receiving groove 10b. The second window 120 is misaligned with the first window 320 of the first grounding piece 300 described below. The second window 120 is used for the corresponding portion of the first grounding piece 300 to be embedded therein to increase the bonding force. The second window 120 is a pressure hole left in the injection molding of the first terminal assembly 200 and the first lead frame 100. The pressure post of the injection mold presses the grounding terminal 20b at the pressure hole to prevent the grounding terminal 20b from being misaligned. After molding, the pressure hole directly serves as the second window 120 for bonding with the first grounding piece 300, which solves the misalignment problem of the grounding terminal 20b and increases the bonding force with the first grounding piece 300.

[0067] Based on the above-described structure of the grounding terminal 20b, a heat-insulating mating part 130 is provided in the grounding receiving groove 10b at a position corresponding to the heat-insulating part 230 of the grounding terminal 20b. The heat-insulating mating part 130 engages with the heat-insulating part 230 to reduce the diffusion rate of high temperature. The heat-insulating mating part 130 includes a first filling part 131 located at the rear end of the grounding receiving groove 10b (corresponding to the welding end of the grounding terminal 20b) at a position corresponding to the first heat-insulating hole 231, a second filling part 132 located at a position corresponding to the second heat-insulating hole 232, and a third filling part 133 located at a position corresponding to the third groove 233. The first filling part 131 is connected to the two side walls of the grounding receiving groove 10b facing the X-axis direction and forms a first space 1311 between itself and the bottom wall of the grounding receiving groove 10b. The first space 1311 is used for the passage of the portion of the first section 210 corresponding to the first groove. The second side of the first filling portion 131 is lower than the second side of the first lead frame 100, thereby forming a second space 1312 lower than the second side of the first lead frame 100. The second space 1312 is used for the passage of the portion of the second section 220 corresponding to the second groove. Thus, the first filling portion 131 conforms to the first heat insulation hole 231 for cooperation to block high temperature and prevent rapid diffusion of the high temperature. The second filling portion 132 is configured as a first protrusion distributed along the third direction for protruding into the second heat insulation hole 232. The third filling portion 133 is formed in the grounding receiving groove 10b at the position of the third groove 233 corresponding to the grounding terminal 20b. The third filling portion 133 is configured to fit the shape of the third groove 233. The third filling portion 133 is connected to the first end face (the end face facing the first grounding piece 300) of the second filling portion 132, and a third space 1331 is formed between the third filling portion 133 and the bottom wall of the grounding receiving groove 10b, which is used for the passage of the portion of the first section 210 corresponding to the third groove 233.

[0068] Based on the aforementioned grounding terminal 20b, grounding receiving groove 10b, and the first grounding piece 300 described below, at least one second protrusion 140 is provided on the first side of the first lead frame 100 at a position corresponding to the grounding receiving groove 10b. The second protrusion 140 and the second window 120 are staggered along the second direction, and the second protrusion 140 is directly opposite the first window 320 of the first grounding piece 300. The second protrusion 140 is used to embed into the first window 320 to increase the bonding force between the first lead frame 100 and the first grounding piece 300. In this embodiment, three second protrusions 140 are configured, and the three second protrusions 140 and the three second windows 120 are staggered in the second direction.

[0069] Please continue reading Figure 8 The surface of the first lead frame 100 is provided with a positioning protrusion 150 for engaging with the main carrier 400. The positioning protrusion 150 can be configured to protrude along the X-axis direction from the second side of the first lead frame 100. A first clearance groove is formed on the portion of the positioning protrusion 150 that protrudes from the second side of the first lead frame 100 corresponding to the signal terminal 20a and the ground terminal 20b, and the first clearance groove passes through the positioning protrusion 150 along the second direction. The positioning protrusion 150 is also provided with a fifth groove 151 for increasing its bonding force with the main carrier 400, and the fifth groove 151 is recessed from the second side of the positioning protrusion 150 toward the first side direction.

[0070] The first side of the first lead frame 100 is also provided with a positioning structure, which can be used for positioning during assembly with the first grounding piece 300, and can also be used for installation positioning during assembly with the second electrical connection component B. The positioning structure may be, for example, a positioning post 161 and / or a positioning hole 162 provided on the first side of the first lead frame 100.

[0071] Please see Figure 10 The first grounding plate 300 can be configured as a sheet-like structure whose shape is adapted to the first lead frame 100. The first grounding plate 300 can be a conventional sheet-like structure, and both its first and second sides can be horizontal, or the second side of the first grounding plate 300 can be configured as a horizontal surface. When the first grounding plate 300 is connected to the grounding terminal 20b, the grounding terminal 20b can protrude into the second window 120 in the first direction and then connect with the first grounding plate 300. In order to facilitate the assembly and positioning of the first grounding plate 300 and the first lead frame 100, the first grounding plate 300 is also provided with a positioning part, such as two (not limited to two) positioning holes 301 shown in the figure.

[0072] The first grounding plate 300 can be designed as follows: a protruding rib 310 is provided on the second side of the first grounding plate 300 opposite to the grounding terminal 20b. The protruding rib 310 is used to connect (conductively connect) with the first side of the grounding terminal 20b. The protruding rib 310 can be an elongated protruding rib 310 that matches the length of the grounding terminal 20b, or it can be a rectangular protruding rib 310, a cylindrical protruding rib 310, or a protruding rib 310 of other suitable shape with a length less than that of the grounding terminal 20b. The rib 310 has multiple functions: (i) The rib 310 can protrude into the second window 120 and engage with it, thereby increasing the bonding force between the first grounding plate 300 and the first lead frame 100; (ii) After the rib 310 extends into the second window 120, it connects with the grounding terminal 20b, so that the grounding terminal 20b is connected to the first grounding plate 300 through the rib 310, improving the connection performance between the grounding terminal 20b and the grounding plate, allowing noise signals to return quickly through the ground, and improving the anti-crosstalk performance of the electrical connector; (iii) When the distance parameters between the signal terminal 20a and the first grounding plate 300 are consistent, the rib 310 can raise the height of the grounding terminal 20b, thereby reducing the thickness of the grounding terminal 20b and reducing the processing complexity of the grounding terminal 20b.

[0073] The rib 310 can be configured as a protruding block-like structure protruding from the second side of the first grounding piece 300, or it can be formed by stamping from the first side of the first grounding piece 300 to the second side. When the rib 310 is formed by stamping, the rib 310 has an arched structure that arches towards the second side.

[0074] Based on the above-described embodiment of multiple grounding terminals 20b, the protruding ribs 310 are configured as an array of protruding ribs 310 corresponding one-to-one with the grounding terminals 20b. The array of protruding ribs 310 are spaced apart along the X-axis direction on the second side of the first grounding piece 300. Corresponding to each grounding terminal 20b, each set of protruding ribs 310 can be configured as several protruding ribs 310, for example, four protruding ribs 310 (or one protruding rib 310 corresponding to one grounding terminal 20b). The latter three protruding ribs 310 protrude into the three second windows 120 one-to-one, and the former protrusion is located on the front side of the first lead frame 100. The several protruding ribs 310 are spaced apart along the length direction of the grounding terminal 20b.

[0075] Based on the structure of the second protrusion 140 described above, a first window 320 is formed between every two adjacent protrusions 310 of each grounding terminal 20b, thereby forming three first windows 320. The positions of the three first windows 320 correspond one-to-one with the three second protrusions 140 described above, and are used to respectively engage with the three second protrusions 140 to achieve the connection between the first grounding piece 300 and the first lead frame 100, increasing the bonding force between the first grounding piece 300 and the first lead frame 100. Those skilled in the art will understand that the quantifiers used herein should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this utility model, and their quantities can be adaptively increased or decreased according to the needs of different embodiments.

[0076] The first grounding plate 300 has a set of protruding ribs 310 at both ends along its length (X-axis direction). In each set of protruding ribs 310 (several protruding ribs 310), a first window 320 between the protruding ribs 310 extends through the first grounding plate 300 in a direction away from the other end edge, thereby forming a natural concave-convex mating surface. The first lead frame 100 protrudes along a first direction into the first window 320 between the protruding ribs 310 at both ends to engage with it in a concave-convex mating manner.

[0077] Please continue reading Figure 3 The first terminal assembly 200 and the first lead frame 100 are injection molded in one step using an injection molding process. The first grounding piece 300 is assembled onto the first side of the first lead frame 100 to form the first electrical connection assembly A. The front ends of the assembled first grounding piece 300, signal terminal 20a, and grounding terminal 20b all protrude forward along a second direction from the front side of the first lead frame 100, and the rear ends of the first grounding piece 300, signal terminal 20a, and grounding terminal 20b all protrude backward along a second direction from the rear side of the first lead frame 100. The second side of the front end of the first grounding piece 300, the front side of the first lead frame 100, and the first side of the signal terminal 20a together form a first recess A1. The second side of the rear end of the first grounding piece 300, the rear side of the first lead frame 100, and the second side of the signal terminal 20a together form a second recess A2. The first recess A1 and the second recess A2 are used for convex-concave engagement with the main carrier 400. The front end of the first grounding piece 300 is formed with a through hole 330 extending along the Z-axis direction. The through hole 330 is used to engage with the main carrier 400 to increase the bonding force.

[0078] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 11 and Figure 12The main carrier 400 has a covering frame 410 that covers the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B along the X-axis direction, a front covering portion 420 that covers the front end of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B, and a rear covering portion 430 that covers the rear end of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B.

[0079] The covering frame 410 includes a first covering portion 411 covering the second side of the first electrical connection component A along the X-axis direction, a second covering portion 412 covering the second side of the second electrical connection component B along the X-axis direction, a third covering portion 413 covering the first end face (one end facing the X-axis direction) of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B, and a fourth covering portion 414 covering the second end face (the other end facing the X-axis direction) of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B (see...). Figure 4 The first covering part 411, the second covering part 412, the third covering part 413 and the fourth covering part 414 are connected end to end.

[0080] In the Y-axis direction, the dimensions of the first covering portion 411 and the second covering portion 412 are smaller than the dimensions of the first electrical connection assembly A and the second electrical connection assembly B. The first covering portion 411 and the second covering portion 412 are located in the middle section in the Y-axis direction, such that the first electrical connection assembly A and the second electrical connection assembly B are separated by the first covering portion 411 and the second covering portion 412 into a mating portion C1 located on its front side and a mounting portion C2 (soldering portion) located on its rear side. Based on this, the electrical connector, according to its position and function, includes the mating portion C1 located on the front side of the first covering portion 411 and the mounting portion C2 located on the rear side of the second covering portion 412. The mating portion C1 is used for complementary mating with the mating electrical connector, and the mounting portion C2 can be soldered to the board end to form a board-end connector, or it can be soldered to the wire end to form a wire-end connector.

[0081] In this embodiment, the position of the first covering portion 411 corresponds to the positioning protrusion 150 on the second side of the first lead frame 100. The position of the second covering portion 412 corresponds to the positioning protrusion 150 on the second side of the second lead frame 100'. Both the first covering portion 411 and the second covering portion 412 are provided with mating grooves 411a and 412a, which are used to engage with the corresponding positioning protrusion 150 to increase the mating area. The first covering portion 411 and the second covering portion 412 are each provided with a third protrusion 412b protruding into the corresponding fifth groove 151 at the position corresponding to the fifth groove 151 of the positioning protrusion 150.

[0082] In this embodiment, since each terminal protrudes from the second side of the corresponding lead frame, a second clearance groove 412c is also formed at the position of each terminal at the first covering part 411 and the second covering part 412.

[0083] The front end of the front end cover 420 has a guide portion 421. Each side of the guide portion 421 is inclined forward and towards the center to form a beveled guide surface, which improves the ease of mating with the electrical connector. The rear end of the front end cover 420 has a first groove 422 into which the front ends of the first grounding piece 300 and the second grounding piece 300' are embedded. The first groove 422 divides the front end cover 420 into two first protrusions 423 arranged side-by-side along the Z-axis. The two first protrusions 423 respectively protrude into the first recesses A1 of the first electrical connection assembly A and the second electrical connection assembly B. A second protrusion 424 is also provided between the two first protrusions 423 at positions corresponding to the through holes 330 of the first grounding piece 300 and the second grounding piece 300'. The second protrusion 424 is connected between the two first protrusions 423 along the Z-axis.

[0084] Each of the two first protrusions 423 has a first signal covering groove 4231 at a position corresponding to the front end portion of the signal terminal 20a (the portion extending from the front end face of its respective lead frame). The depth of the first signal covering groove 4231 is the same as the depth of the signal receiving groove 10a. The front end portion of the signal terminal 20a is placed in the first signal covering groove 4231 with its second side exposed. Each of the two first protrusions 423 has a first grounding covering groove 4232 at a position corresponding to the ground terminal 20b. The first grounding covering groove 4232 communicates with the first groove 422 along the Z-axis direction.

[0085] The rear end cover portion 430 has a second groove 431 into which the rear ends of the first grounding piece 300 and the second grounding piece 300' are embedded. The second groove 431 divides the rear end cover portion 430 into two second protrusions 432 arranged side by side along the Z-axis direction. The two second protrusions 432 respectively protrude into the second recess A2 of the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B.

[0086] The second sides of each of the two second protrusions 432 are provided with a second signal covering groove 4321 at positions corresponding to the rear end portion of the signal terminal 20a (the portion extending from the rear end face of its respective lead frame). The depth of the second signal covering groove 4321 is the same as the depth of the signal receiving groove 10a. The rear end portion of the signal terminal 20a is placed in the second signal covering groove 4321 with its second side exposed. The second sides of each of the two second protrusions 432 are provided with a second grounding covering groove 4322 at positions corresponding to the grounding terminal 20b.

[0087] Based on the above embodiments, the electrical connector of this utility model can be manufactured using the following process:

[0088] Manufacturing of the first electrical connection assembly A: (a) Performing an injection molding process to integrally injection mold the first terminal assembly 200 and the first lead frame 100, and assembling the first grounding piece 300 onto the first side of the first lead frame 100. As an example, the signal terminal 20a and the grounding terminal 20b are placed in the injection mold, so that the signal terminal 20a, the grounding terminal 20b and the first lead frame 100 are integrally injection molded. During the injection molding process, the injection mold has pressure posts that hold the signal terminal 20a and the grounding terminal 20b to prevent them from being misaligned. Therefore, the first lead frame 100 after molding has pressure holes formed at the positions corresponding to the signal terminal 20a and the grounding terminal 20b. Among them, the pressing hole position on the first lead frame 100 corresponding to the grounding terminal 20b is the second window 120 mentioned above. In this way, the problem of the grounding terminal 20b being misaligned is solved and the function of the second window 120 is realized, avoiding secondary opening and reducing the complexity of the manufacturing process; (II) The first grounding piece 300 is placed on the first side of the first lead frame 100, so that each of the protruding ribs 310 of the first grounding piece 300 is aligned with the second window 120, so that the first window 320 of the first grounding piece 300 is aligned with the second protrusion 140 on the first side of the first lead frame 100, so that the first window 320 is fitted with the second protrusion 140, so that the second window 120 is fitted with the protruding rib 310, thereby increasing the bonding force between the first grounding piece 300 and the first lead frame 100.

[0089] (ii) Manufacturing of the second electrical connection component B: The manufacturing steps of the second electrical connection component B are the same as those of the first electrical connection component A. The second electrical connection component B is obtained by rotating a first electrical connection component A by 180 degrees.

[0090] (III) Component assembly: Perform injection molding process, place the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B into the injection mold, and then perform injection molding to bond the first grounding piece 300 of the first electrical connection component A and the first side of the two grounding pieces of the second electrical connection component B together to obtain the main carrier 400 that holds the first electrical connection component A and the second electrical connection component B together.

[0091] In summary, the electrical connection assembly and electrical connector of this utility model have the following beneficial effects: (I) Improved anti-crosstalk performance: It solves the problem of unstable contact caused by the manufacturing process and elasticity of the waveform grounding plate in the prior art, improves the connection performance between the grounding terminal and the grounding plate, and enables noise signals to return quickly through the ground, thereby improving the anti-crosstalk performance of the electrical connector. (II) Optimized and reduced manufacturing process complexity: The grounding plate only needs to be made into a conventional sheet structure. The process of adding an opening (first window) is added during its manufacturing process, which simplifies the manufacturing process and eliminates the need to consider the tolerance of the waveform grounding plate. (III) The second window at the first lead frame and the second lead frame is the pressure hole position in the injection molding process, which not only solves the terminal misalignment problem in the injection molding process, but also realizes the function of the second window. It eliminates the need to add two opening processes separately, which simplifies the manufacturing process and solves the terminal misalignment problem. (IV) The rib structure design on the second side of the grounding plate can raise the height of the grounding terminal when the distance parameters between the signal terminal and the grounding plate are consistent, thereby reducing the thickness of the grounding terminal and reducing the processing complexity of the grounding terminal. (v) The convex rib structure at both ends of the grounding plate can enhance the connection performance between the grounding plate and the terminal, and can also form multiple concave and convex joint surfaces at both ends of the grounding plate, enhance the bonding force between the grounding plate and the lead frame, improve the connection strength and stability of the electrical connector, and improve the service life of the electrical connector.

[0092] The above embodiments only illustrate preferred implementations of this utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrical connection assembly comprising a leadframe, a terminal assembly disposed on the leadframe, and a ground sheet, the terminal assembly comprising a plurality of signal terminals and a ground terminal horizontally distributed along a first direction, the ground sheet disposed on a first side of the terminal assembly, the electrical connection assembly characterized by: The grounding terminal extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal toward the first side of the grounding plate and is connected to the grounding plate, with the first side of the signal terminal and the grounding plate spaced apart from each other.

2. An electrical connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: The grounding terminal includes a first section and a second section that are stacked on top of each other. The first section is closer to the grounding plate, and the direction of the first section toward the grounding plate extends beyond the first side of the signal terminal.

3. An electrical connection assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The first and second sections are configured as a split structure; or The first section and the second section are integrally bent into shape. The second section is bent from one end of the first section away from the grounding plate and then stacked on the second side of the first section away from the grounding plate.

4. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: The grounding terminal and the signal terminal are respectively stamped from metal plates of different thicknesses. The thickness of the grounding terminal is greater than that of the signal terminal. In the third direction, the second side of the signal terminal and the grounding terminal away from the grounding plate is on the same horizontal plane. The first side of the grounding terminal is conductive to the grounding plate, and the first side of the signal terminal is electrically isolated from the grounding plate.

5. The electrical connection assembly of claim 1, wherein: Both the signal terminal and the grounding terminal have welding ends for welding to the connected object. The welding end of the grounding terminal has a hollow heat insulation part, and the heat insulation part includes a first heat insulation hole that passes through the welding end of the grounding terminal along a first direction. The grounding plate is configured as a horizontal plane on its second side facing the terminal assembly; or the grounding plate is configured as a horizontal plane on both its second side facing the terminal assembly and its first side facing away from it.

6. The electrical connection assembly of claim 1, wherein: The terminal assembly and the grounding plate are respectively disposed on the second side and the first side of the lead frame; the second side of the lead frame is provided with a signal receiving groove and a ground receiving groove for respectively accommodating the signal terminal and the grounding terminal, and the bottom of the grounding receiving groove at least partially penetrates the first side of the lead frame so that the grounding terminal can be connected to the grounding plate. The grounding plate has a protruding rib at the position opposite the grounding terminal on the second side of the terminal assembly, and the protruding rib is connected to the first side of the grounding terminal; The rib is formed by stamping from the first side of the grounding piece to the second side.

7. An electrical connection assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein: Each grounding terminal has several protruding ribs, which are spaced apart along the length of the grounding terminal.

8. An electrical connection assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein: Corresponding to each grounding terminal, several protruding ribs are formed, and a first window is formed between two adjacent protruding ribs, which penetrates the grounding plate. The first window is used to engage with the lead frame in a concave-convex manner.

9. The electrical connection assembly as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: Among the plurality of protruding ribs on the two ends of the grounding plate, the first window between the protruding ribs extends through the grounding plate in a direction away from the other end edge; the lead frame extends into the first window between the protruding ribs on the two ends along a first direction to engage with it.

10. An electrical connector characterized by: Includes the electrical connection component according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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