Retired photovoltaic module disassembly system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of decomposing system of decommissioned photovoltaic module, comprising: liquid nitrogen freezer, liquid nitrogen freezing is carried out to decommissioned photovoltaic module, to weaken the interlaminar bond force of decommissioned photovoltaic module;Laser cutting machine, laser cutting machine is located at the side of liquid nitrogen freezer, laser cutting machine is carried out laser cutting to decommissioned photovoltaic module after liquid nitrogen freezing, and decommissioned photovoltaic module is cut down to form photovoltaic board multilayer mechanism with metal frame, terminal box;Separation module, separation module is located at the side of laser cutting machine, and separation module carries out each layer separation to photovoltaic board multilayer mechanism after cutting of laser cutting machine, and separation module includes frame, clamping mechanism, heating mechanism, rotating mechanism, lifting mechanism.The utility model automatically separates tempered glass, battery piece, TPT backboard by separation module, does not produce toxic and harmful organic waste gas and security risk, improves the decomposing efficiency and complete peeling rate of decommissioned photovoltaic module, while reducing environmental risk.

Description

Technical Field

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[0001] The utility model relates to a disassembly system, in particular to a disassembly system for retired photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global photovoltaic industry, the quantity of retired photovoltaic modules has increased sharply year by year. Photovoltaic modules usually have a complex layered structure, which consists of tempered glass, EVA film, solar cells, TPT backplane, aluminum alloy frame, junction box, etc. Among them, tempered glass, EVA, solar cells, and TPT backplane form a multi-layer structure with tight adhesion, while aluminum alloy frame, junction box, etc. are peripheral connection components.

[0003] There are many technical bottlenecks in the current field of retired photovoltaic module recycling. In traditional recycling methods, mainly mechanical crushing, pyrolysis treatment, manual disassembly, etc. are used. The mechanical crushing method is prone to material mixing, and the separation purity of core materials such as metal, silicon, and glass is generally lower than 75%, increasing the difficulty of classified recycling; pyrolysis treatment needs to be carried out at a high temperature of 400 - 600 °C, not only with an energy consumption as high as 2.3 - 3.5 kWh / kg, but also generating toxic gases causing secondary pollution; manual disassembly has extremely low efficiency, only 2 - 3 pieces / person / hour, and there are safety hazards such as glass breakage and component scratching. At the same time, the strong adhesion between the EVA film and tempered glass, solar cells, etc. in photovoltaic modules makes it difficult to peel off each layer of materials. In traditional methods, the complete peeling rate of the EVA film is less than 60%, which seriously restricts the efficient recycling and resource utilization of materials. In addition, existing disassembly equipment mostly focuses on a single link, such as only for frame removal or simple crushing, unable to achieve precise separation of each layer of materials, lacking automated collaborative design, and the disassembly, cutting, and sorting links are disjointed, and the processing flow is not continuous, making it difficult to achieve large-scale and high-precision material separation processing.

[0004] Chinese invention with the publication number of CN 117146577 A discloses a method and device for pyrolytic separation of non-metallic components of waste photovoltaic panels by a two-stage method. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, pyrolysis is carried out on the non-metallic components (glass plate, backplane, EVA) of photovoltaic modules to gasify EVA and the backplane to achieve efficient separation from the glass plate. However, this pyrolysis method will produce toxic and harmful organic waste gas.

[0005] In summary, the recycling technology of retired photovoltaic modules still faces challenges such as low disassembly efficiency, high safety hazards, and high risk of secondary pollution. Content of the Utility Model

[0006] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a disassembly system for retired photovoltaic modules.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: A disassembly system for retired photovoltaic modules, comprising: A liquid nitrogen freezer freezes retired photovoltaic modules with liquid nitrogen to weaken the interfacial bonding force of the retired photovoltaic modules. A laser cutting machine is located on one side of the liquid nitrogen freezer. The laser cutting machine laser-cuts the retired photovoltaic modules after being frozen with liquid nitrogen to cut off the metal frames and junction boxes from the retired photovoltaic modules to form a multi-layer structure of photovoltaic panels. At this time, the multi-layer structure of photovoltaic panels includes tempered glass, EVA film, solar cells, and TPT backplane. A separation module is located on one side of the laser cutting machine. The separation module separates the layers of the multi-layer structure of photovoltaic panels after being cut by the laser cutting machine. The separation module includes a frame, a clamping mechanism, a heating mechanism, a rotating mechanism, and a lifting mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder, a piston rod, a tray, a bearing, and a rotating shaft. The lifting cylinder is connected to one end of the piston rod. The other end of the piston rod is fixed to the bearing. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the tray.

[0009] Preferably, the lifting cylinder is installed on a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is fixed to the top of the frame.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a disc, a plurality of clamping blocks, and a plurality of screw-nut fixing components. The disc is provided with a sliding groove. One end of the clamping block is slidably connected to the sliding groove, and the screw-nut fixing component is located outside a corresponding clamping block.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a motor, a first gear, a second gear, and a gear cylinder. The motor is installed on one side of the frame. An output shaft of the motor is fixed to the first gear. The first gear meshes with the second gear. The second gear is fixed to the top of the gear cylinder. The disc is engaged with the second gear. When the rotating mechanism needs to rotate, the rotating shaft is connected to the disc.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting component is provided between the lifting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The connecting component includes a plurality of positioning threaded rods. The positioning threaded rods are perpendicularly fixed to the rotating shaft. The disc is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks. One end of the positioning block is slidably connected to the sliding groove. The positioning block is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning threaded rod is inserted into the positioning hole.

[0013] Preferably, the heating mechanism includes a first heating element and a second heating element. Both the first heating element and the second heating element are heating films. The first heating element is located on the back surface of the tray, and the second heating element is located outside the gear cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, a conveyor belt is provided among the liquid nitrogen freezer, the laser cutting machine, and the separation module. The conveyor belt conveys the retired photovoltaic modules.

[0015] Preferably, a feeding mechanism is provided on one side of the conveyor belt and close to the frame. The feeding mechanism is a manipulator or a feeding cylinder, and the feeding cylinder is connected to a pushing block.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least the following advantages: First, the utility model weakens the adhesion force of the EVA film by liquid nitrogen freezing to avoid high-temperature pollution; the laser cutting machine accurately cuts each layer of materials to improve the separation integrity. In addition, the tempered glass, battery chip, and TPT backplane are automatically separated by the separation module, realizing the lossless peeling of glass-EVA-battery chips, without generating toxic and harmful organic waste gas and potential safety hazards, significantly improving the disassembly efficiency and complete peeling rate of retired photovoltaic modules, while reducing environmental risks and achieving efficient recycling and resource utilization.

[0017] Second, the utility model is provided with a clamping mechanism. After a plurality of clamping blocks clamp the tray and the multi-layer structure of the photovoltaic panel, the screw in the screw-nut fixing component passes through the sliding groove and is locked with the nut, thereby positioning the clamping block to prevent it from moving when the tray and the multi-layer structure of the photovoltaic panel rotate; when it is necessary to move the clamping block, the screw and the nut in the screw-nut fixing component are loosened, so as to facilitate sliding the clamping block along the sliding groove. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual proportion.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the disassembly system for retired photovoltaic modules of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the separation module in the utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of elements such as the lifting mechanism in the utility model.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of elements such as the second gear and the gear cylinder in the utility model. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0023] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has conducted long-term research and a large number of practices to propose the technical solution of the utility model. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle, etc. will be further explained below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application and specific implementation cases.

[0024] It should be noted that the embodiments described below by referring to the attached drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, the present utility model covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made on the spirit, principle and scope of the present utility model defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0025] In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third" and similar terms do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "a" or "one" do not denote a quantity limitation, but mean that there is at least one. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before "comprising" or "including" cover the elements or objects listed after "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0026] In the description of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. In addition, when using position terms such as both sides, outer side, upper and lower, etc., it should be understood that they are only used for convenience of understanding and description, considering that the structure may be oriented to other positions.

[0027] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the technical terms or scientific terms used should have the ordinary meaning understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present application belongs. Terms such as "installed", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a contact connection or an integral connection; for those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] See Figures 1 to 4 , the disassembly system for retired photovoltaic modules of the present utility model includes: A liquid nitrogen freezer 1 that performs liquid nitrogen freezing on the retired photovoltaic modules to weaken the interlayer bonding force of the retired photovoltaic modules; The laser cutting machine 2 is located on one side of the liquid nitrogen freezer 1. The laser cutting machine 2 performs laser cutting on the retired photovoltaic modules after liquid nitrogen freezing, cutting off the metal frames and junction boxes from the retired photovoltaic modules to form a multi-layer structure 32 of photovoltaic panels. At this time, the multi-layer structure 32 of photovoltaic panels includes tempered glass, EVA film, solar cells, and TPT backplane. The separation module 3 is located on one side of the laser cutting machine 2. The separation module 3 separates each layer of the multi-layer structure of photovoltaic panels cut by the laser cutting machine 2. The separation module 3 includes a frame 31, a clamping mechanism, a heating mechanism, a rotating mechanism, and a lifting mechanism.

[0029] Among them, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder 5, a piston rod 6, a tray 7, a bearing 11, and a rotating shaft 12. The lifting cylinder 5 is connected to one end of the piston rod 6. The other end of the piston rod 6 is fixed to the bearing 11. One end of the rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the bearing 11. The other end of the rotating shaft 12 is fixed to the tray 7. The tray 7 is used to support the multi-layer structure 32 of photovoltaic panels.

[0030] In this embodiment, the lifting cylinder 5 is installed on a fixing plate 8. The fixing plate 8 is fixed to the top of the frame 31. When the lifting cylinder 5 works, it will generate an axial thrust (especially when lifting the load). If the cylinder is directly fixed to the frame, the contact area between the cylinder and the frame is small, which is likely to cause excessive local stress at the connection points of the frame. Problems such as frame deformation and thread loosening may occur after long-term use. The fixing plate 8 is equivalent to a "transition force-bearing carrier", which can disperse the concentrated force of the lifting cylinder 5 to the entire contact surface of the fixing plate, and then evenly transfer it to the top of the frame 31 through the fixing plate, greatly reducing the local force load of the frame, extending the service life of the overall structure, and improving stability.

[0031] Among them, the clamping mechanism includes a disc 9, a plurality of clamping blocks 10, and a plurality of screw-nut fixing components 13. The disc 9 is provided with a chute 91. One end of the clamping block 10 is slidably connected to the chute 91. The screw-nut fixing component 13 is located outside a corresponding clamping block 10. After the plurality of clamping blocks 10 clamp the tray 7 and the multi-layer structure 32 of photovoltaic panels, the screw in the screw-nut fixing component 13 passes through the chute 91 and is locked with the nut, so as to position the clamping block 10 and prevent it from moving when the tray 7 and the multi-layer structure 32 of photovoltaic panels rotate. When it is necessary to move the clamping block 10, the screw and nut in the screw-nut fixing component 13 are loosened, so as to facilitate sliding the clamping block 10 along the chute 91.

[0032] Among them, the rotating mechanism includes a motor 14, a first gear 15, a second gear 16, and a gear cylinder 17. The motor 14 is installed on one side of the frame 31. An output shaft of the motor 14 is fixed to the first gear 15. The first gear 15 meshes with the second gear 16. The second gear 16 is fixed to the top of the gear cylinder 17. The disk 9 is engaged with the second gear 16. When the rotating mechanism needs to rotate, the rotating shaft 12 is connected to the disk 9. The motor 14 is started. The rotation of the output shaft of the motor 14 will directly drive the first gear 15 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the first gear 15 will drive the second gear 16 to rotate accordingly, thereby driving the disk 9, the clamping mechanism, and the multi-layer photovoltaic panel support mechanism 32 to rotate.

[0033] Among them, a connection component is provided between the lifting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The connection component includes a plurality of positioning threaded rods 18. The positioning threaded rods 18 are perpendicularly fixed to the rotating shaft 12. A plurality of positioning blocks 19 are provided on the disk 9. One end of the positioning block 19 is slidably connected to the chute 91. A positioning hole is provided on the positioning block 19. The positioning threaded rod 18 is inserted into the positioning hole. When the rotating mechanism needs to rotate, a nut is locked on the threaded rod 18 to connect the positioning block 19 and the positioning threaded rod 18 together, thereby connecting the rotating shaft 12 and the disk 9. When not rotating, the nut on the threaded rod 18 can be removed, and the positioning block 19 is moved to disengage the positioning block 19 from the positioning threaded rod 18, thereby disengaging the rotating shaft 12 from the disk 9.

[0034] Among them, the heating mechanism includes a first heating element 20 and a second heating element 21. Both the first heating element 20 and the second heating element 21 can be heating devices such as heating films. The first heating element 20 is located on the back surface of the tray 7. The second heating element 21 is located outside the gear cylinder 17. The first heating element 20 can directly transfer heat to the surface of the tray 7 through heat conduction. The second heating element 21 can also conduct heat to the multi-layer photovoltaic panel support mechanism 32. Thus, both the first heating element 20 and the second heating element 21 heat the multi-layer photovoltaic panel support mechanism 32.

[0035] Furthermore, a conveyor belt 4 is provided between the liquid nitrogen freezer 1, the laser cutter 2, and the separation module 3 to convey the retired photovoltaic modules, facilitating the sequential conveyance of the retired photovoltaic modules to the liquid nitrogen freezer 1, the laser cutter 2, and the separation module 3 for convenient use. A feeding mechanism is provided on one side of the conveyor belt 4 and close to the frame 31. The feeding mechanism can be a manipulator or a feeding air cylinder. The feeding air cylinder is connected to a pushing block to send the multi-layer photovoltaic panel support mechanism 32 on the conveyor belt 4 to the tray 7. The structure is simple and easy to use.

[0036] The working principle of the present utility model is as follows: The liquid nitrogen freezer 1 freezes the retired photovoltaic modules with liquid nitrogen to weaken the adhesion force of the EVA film, thereby weakening the interlayer bonding force of the retired photovoltaic modules and avoiding high-temperature pollution; the laser cutter 2 is located on one side of the liquid nitrogen freezer 1. The laser cutter 2 performs laser cutting on the retired photovoltaic modules after liquid nitrogen freezing, cutting off the metal frame and the junction box from the retired photovoltaic modules to form a multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel, improving the separation integrity and facilitating subsequent processing; the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel is sent to the tray 7 through the conveyor belt 4 and the feeding mechanism. The first heating element 2 engages the tray 7 and the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, the lifting cylinder 5 in the lifting mechanism is activated to drive the tray 7 to rise to the clamping mechanism. Multiple clamping blocks 10 in the clamping mechanism clamp the tray 7 and the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel. The second heating element 21 in the heating mechanism also heats the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel to melt the EVA film; in addition, the motor 14 in the rotating mechanism is started simultaneously. The rotation of the output shaft of the motor 14 will directly drive the first gear 15 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the first gear 15 will drive the second gear 16 to rotate accordingly, thereby driving the disc 9, the clamping mechanism, and the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel to rotate, and flinging out the melted EVA film inside the multi-layer structure 32 of the photovoltaic panel. In this way, the tempered glass, the battery cells, and the TPT backplane are not fixed together by the EVA film, that is, the tempered glass, the battery cells, and the TPT backplane are automatically separated, realizing the non-destructive peeling of glass-EVA-battery cells, without generating toxic and harmful organic waste gas and safety hazards, significantly improving the disassembly efficiency and the complete peeling rate of the retired photovoltaic modules, while reducing the environmental risk and achieving efficient recycling and resource utilization.

[0037] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to form equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but as long as it does not depart from the technical content of the present utility model, any brief modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model

Claims

1. A system for dismantling decommissioned photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, Includes: Liquid nitrogen freezer (1) is used to freeze retired photovoltaic modules with liquid nitrogen, thereby weakening the interlayer bonding force of retired photovoltaic modules; Laser cutting machine (2) is located on one side of liquid nitrogen freezer (1). Laser cutting machine (2) performs laser cutting on retired photovoltaic modules after liquid nitrogen freezing, and cuts off the metal frame and junction box from the retired photovoltaic modules to form a multi-layer photovoltaic panel structure (32). At this time, the multi-layer photovoltaic panel structure (32) includes tempered glass, EVA film, battery cells, and TPT backsheet. The detachment module (3) is located on one side of the laser cutting machine (2). The detachment module (3) detaches each layer of the photovoltaic panel multi-layer structure after it is cut by the laser cutting machine (2). The detachment module (3) includes a frame (31), a clamping mechanism, a heating mechanism, a rotating mechanism, and a lifting mechanism.

2. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder (5), a piston rod (6), a tray (7), a bearing (11), and a rotating shaft (12). The lifting cylinder (5) is connected to one end of the piston rod (6), and the other end of the piston rod (6) is fixed to the bearing (11). One end of the rotating shaft (12) is rotatably connected to the bearing (11), and the other end of the rotating shaft (12) is fixed to the tray (7).

3. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting cylinder (5) is mounted on a fixed plate (8), which is fixed to the top of the frame (31).

4. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes a disc (9), multiple clamping blocks (10), and multiple screw and nut fixing components (13). The disc (9) is provided with a sliding groove (91). One end of the clamping block (10) is slidably connected to the sliding groove (91), and the screw and nut fixing component (13) is located outside the corresponding clamping block (10).

5. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism includes a motor (14), a first gear (15), a second gear (16), and a gear cylinder (17). The motor (14) is mounted on one side of the frame (31). One output shaft of the motor (14) is fixed to the first gear (15). The first gear (15) meshes with the second gear (16). The second gear (16) is fixed on the top of the gear cylinder (17). The disc (9) engages with the second gear (16). When the rotating mechanism needs to rotate, the rotating shaft (12) is connected to the disc (9).

6. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A connecting component is provided between the lifting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The connecting component includes multiple positioning threaded rods (18). The positioning threaded rods (18) are fixed perpendicularly to the rotating shaft (12). Multiple positioning blocks (19) are provided on the disc (9). One end of the positioning block (19) is slidably connected to the slide groove (91). The positioning block (19) is provided with a positioning hole. The positioning threaded rods (18) are inserted into the positioning hole.

7. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating mechanism includes a first heating element (20) and a second heating element (21). Both the first heating element (20) and the second heating element (21) are heating films. The first heating element (20) is located on the back of the tray (7), and the second heating element (21) is located on the outside of the gear cylinder (17).

8. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid nitrogen freezer (1), laser cutter (2), and detachment module (3) are connected by a conveyor belt (4), which transports the decommissioned photovoltaic modules.

9. The decommissioned photovoltaic module dismantling system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A feeding mechanism is provided on one side of the conveyor belt (4) and near the frame (31). The feeding mechanism is a robotic arm or a feeding cylinder, and the feeding cylinder is connected to a push block.

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