Battery cell, battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system, and charging network

Abstract

The application relates to the battery technical field and discloses a battery monomer, a battery device, an energy storage device, an energy storage system and a charging network. The battery monomer comprises an electrode assembly, a shell, an electrode terminal, at least one pressure relief mechanism and a plurality of first bosses. The electrode assembly comprises a main body part and a tab. The main body part has a first end part and a second end part. The tab is electrically connected to the first end part. The shell comprises a shell main body, a first end cover and a second end cover and forms a containing space. The electrode terminal is arranged on the first end cover and is electrically connected to the tab. The at least one pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the second end cover. The plurality of first bosses are arranged on the second end cover. The second end part abuts against the first boss. The first boss extends along a second direction. The distance between the first boss and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism is smaller than the distance between the first boss and the edge of the second end cover. The first boss is provided with an aperture structure. The technical scheme can realize rapid pressure relief, thereby reducing the possibility of smoke accumulation during thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a battery cell, battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network. Background Technology

[0002] As battery cell capacity increases, the limitations of traditional plastic protrusions under end caps are becoming increasingly apparent. In the casing layout of long and narrow battery cells, the limited space in the end cap makes it difficult to optimize the size of the protrusions. Although the typical design of protrusions at both ends can isolate the tabs and reserve exhaust channels, it is easy to trap the flue gas on the long side wall of the casing in the corresponding corner area between the long side wall of the casing and the corresponding side of the end cap. After the flue gas accumulates locally in this corner area, the pressure rises rapidly. Since the two protrusions are only located on the two edge areas of the end cap, the middle position between the two protrusions of the electrode assembly is prone to protrude towards the pressure relief mechanism under high pressure, causing blockage of the pressure relief mechanism. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery cell, battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network that can achieve rapid pressure relief to reduce the possibility of flue gas accumulation during thermal runaway.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a battery cell is provided, including an electrode assembly, a housing, electrode terminals, at least one pressure relief mechanism, and a plurality of first bosses. The electrode assembly includes a main body and tabs. The main body has a first end and a second end, and the tabs are electrically connected to the first end. The housing includes a shell body, a first end cap, and a second end cap. The first and second end caps respectively cover the two ends of the shell body along a first direction, forming a receiving space. The electrode assembly is disposed within the receiving space, with the second end opposite to the second end cap. Electrode terminals are disposed on the first end cap, and the tabs are electrically connected to the electrode terminals. At least one pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the second end cap. The receiving space is connected to the outside when the pressure relief mechanism is open. Multiple first protrusions are disposed on the inner sidewall of the second end cap. The second end is insulated against the first protrusions. The first protrusions extend along a second direction. The pressure relief mechanism has at least one first protrusion on each side along a third direction. The distance between the side of the first protrusion facing the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism is less than the distance between the side of the first protrusion away from the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the second end cap. The first protrusion has a perforated structure for the flue gas to flow towards the pressure relief mechanism. The first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0005] In this embodiment, the battery cell has multiple first protrusions extending in a second direction on the inner sidewall of the second end cover. First protrusions are also provided on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism in a third direction, with the first protrusions positioned closer to the pressure relief mechanism. The second end abuts against these first protrusions. These first protrusions support the electrode assembly, preventing it from protruding into the pressure relief mechanism under internal pressure and causing blockage. The first protrusions have a porous structure for the directional flow of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism, providing a channel for the internal flue gas to flow directionally to the pressure relief mechanism. Because the first protrusions are closer to the pressure relief mechanism, the effective volume of the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover in the third direction is increased, preventing a sudden accumulation of flue gas in this area. Furthermore, the porous structure ensures the emission of flue gas, reduces the accumulation time of flue gas in the area of ​​the first protrusion away from the pressure relief mechanism, and reduces the expansion and compression stress in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover along the third direction between the shell body and the second end cover, thereby effectively preventing damage to the first protrusion or cracking of the weld and improving the reliability of the battery cell.

[0006] In some embodiments, the pore structure includes at least one first channel connecting both sides of the first protrusion along a third direction. The first channel connecting both sides of the first protrusion along a third direction provides a clear and efficient flow path for the flue gas, enabling the high-temperature and high-pressure combustible flue gas to flow smoothly and directionally to the pressure relief mechanism, thereby achieving rapid pressure relief.

[0007] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the first channel is parallel to a third direction, allowing the flue gas to flow more quickly and directly to the pressure relief mechanism, prompting the pressure relief mechanism to open in a timely manner, thereby achieving efficient internal pressure release.

[0008] In some embodiments, the pore structure includes a plurality of first channels, which are spaced apart along a third direction. By providing a plurality of first channels and arranging them spaced apart along a third direction, the number of effective channels for flue gas to flow into the pressure relief mechanism and the total flow area are increased, thereby improving the response efficiency and overall pressure relief effect of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pore structure further includes at least one second channel, one end of which communicates with a corresponding first channel, and the other end of which communicates with the side of the first protrusion facing away from the second end cap. This provides a more direct and efficient path for the introduction and diversion of flue gas inside the battery cell, thereby quickly guiding the flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pore structure further includes a plurality of second channels, which are connected one-to-one with a plurality of first channels, ensuring that the flue gas can be efficiently and directly guided to the pressure relief mechanism, which helps to reduce the possibility of local accumulation of flue gas inside the battery cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the extension direction of the first channel is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second channel. This perpendicular channel design effectively reduces the flow resistance of flue gas at channel bends.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second end cap is provided with a support bracket corresponding to the first protrusion. The first protrusion covers the support bracket and is made of an insulating material, such as engineering plastic. The support bracket strengthens the structural strength of the first protrusion, thereby significantly enhancing its structural strength and resistance to deformation.

[0013] In some embodiments, the support frame is a component made of metal. Preferably, the support frame is made of aluminum, which can effectively reduce the overall weight of the battery cell and increase energy density. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the support frame is a component made of ceramic.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the support bracket is a metal component, a first insulating layer is provided between the support bracket and the first boss, and the melting point of the first insulating layer is higher than that of the first boss. Thus, even if the first boss softens, deforms, or melts due to high temperature, the first insulating layer can still maintain its structural integrity, effectively avoiding the risk of internal short circuits that may result from the melting of the first boss.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second end cap includes a cap body and an insulating member. The insulating member is disposed on the inner sidewall of the cap body facing the electrode assembly, a pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the cap body, and a plurality of first protrusions are disposed on the side of the insulating member facing the electrode assembly. The cap body and the electrode assembly are electrically isolated by the insulating member and the first protrusions.

[0016] In some embodiments, the plurality of first bosses are integrally formed with the insulating element to improve manufacturing efficiency.

[0017] In some embodiments, the second end cap includes a cap body, with a plurality of first protrusions connected to the side of the cap body facing the electrode assembly.

[0018] In some embodiments, both the cover body and the first protrusion are made of metal material, the first protrusion is welded to the cover body, or the cover body and the first protrusion are integrally formed, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency.

[0019] In some embodiments, a second insulating layer is provided on the side of the cover body and the first protrusion facing the electrode assembly. The second insulating layer covering the first protrusion is in direct contact with the second end of the electrode assembly to achieve insulating contact. Electrical isolation is achieved between the first protrusion and the electrode assembly, and between the cover body and the electrode assembly, through the second insulating layer 238.

[0020] In some embodiments, the distance between the side of the first boss facing the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism is 5mm-20mm. By precisely controlling this distance within the range of 5mm-20mm, it is possible to ensure sufficient space for flue gas flow while effectively guiding the flue gas to concentrate its flow towards the pressure relief mechanism, thereby achieving rapid and efficient pressure relief.

[0021] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the height of the first boss from the inner surface of the second end cap is 3mm-10mm. This height range ensures sufficient support strength, effectively preventing displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly within the battery cell. Furthermore, the first boss within this height range forms a channel space with an appropriate cross-sectional area between the second end of the electrode assembly and the inner surface of the second end cap, allowing flue gas to flow quickly and smoothly along this channel space to the pressure relief mechanism.

[0022] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the first end cap is provided with a plurality of spaced second protrusions, which abut against the first end and have the same structure as the first protrusions. The second protrusions and the aforementioned first protrusions abut against both ends of the electrode assembly, respectively, enabling pre-tightening or tight support of the electrode assembly, thereby improving the stability of the electrode assembly under various operating conditions. Furthermore, the flue gas is efficiently guided to the pressure relief mechanism through the porous structure inside the first and second protrusions and ultimately discharged, reducing the possibility of localized flue gas accumulation.

[0023] In some embodiments, the size of the casing body along the first direction is larger than the size of the casing body along the third direction, and the size of the casing body along the third direction is larger than the size of the casing body along the second direction. The battery cell of this application is a "blade-shaped battery cell" that is sheet-like along the third direction and elongated along the first direction.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a battery device is provided. The battery device includes a battery cell as described above, the battery cell being used to store or provide electrical energy. The battery device inherits the directional pressure relief capability of the battery cell, and through the synergistic effect of the porous structure of the first and second protrusions, ensures that the flue gas inside the battery cell can flow efficiently to the pressure relief mechanism along a preset path, thereby improving safety and reliability under extreme thermal runaway conditions.

[0025] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, an energy storage device is provided. Wherein:

[0026] The energy storage device includes battery cells as described above, which are used to store or provide electrical energy;

[0027] Alternatively, the energy storage device may include a battery device as described above, which is used to store or provide electrical energy.

[0028] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of this application, an energy storage system is provided. The energy storage system includes:

[0029] Energy conversion system; and

[0030] As mentioned above, in an energy storage device, an energy conversion system is connected to the energy storage device to convert the current input to the energy storage device or output from the energy storage device into energy.

[0031] According to a fifth aspect of an embodiment of this application, a charging network is provided. The charging network includes charging piles; and,

[0032] The charging network also includes energy storage devices as described above, and the charging piles are electrically connected to the energy storage devices.

[0033] Alternatively, the charging network may also include an energy storage system as described above, with the charging piles electrically connected to the energy storage system;

[0034] Among them, the energy storage device is used to provide power to the charging pile. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the battery cell shown Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded battery cell is shown.

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the second end cap of the battery cell;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of one embodiment of the second end cap of a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the second end cap in the AA direction is shown;

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0043] Figure 8 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the second end cap in the AA direction is shown;

[0044] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0045] Figure 10 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the second end cap in the AA direction is shown;

[0046] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0047] Figure 12 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the second end cap in the AA direction is shown;

[0048] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Enlarged view of point E in the middle;

[0049] Figure 14 This is an exploded view of a battery device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0051] The figures in the diagram are labeled as follows:

[0052] 100. Battery cell;

[0053] 10. Electrode assembly; 11. Main body; 111. First end; 112. Second end; 12. Tab;

[0054] 20. Shell; 21. Shell body; 22. First end cap; 221. Electrode terminal; 222. Second boss; 23. Second end cap; 2301. Cover body; 2302. Insulating component; 231. Pressure relief mechanism; 232. First boss; 233. Pore structure; 234. First channel; 235. Second channel; 236. Support bracket; 237. First insulating layer; 238. Second insulating layer; 24. Accommodation space;

[0055] 200. Battery assembly; 201. Box body; 202. Box cover; 203. Assembly space;

[0056] 300. Energy storage device; 301. Cabinet;

[0057] X, first direction; Y, second direction; Z, third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0060] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0061] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0062] Currently, judging from market trends, the application of battery devices is becoming increasingly widespread. Battery devices are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants (battery devices used in these applications are generally referred to as energy storage batteries), but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars (battery devices used in these applications are generally referred to as power batteries).

[0063] In related technologies, with the continuous improvement of energy density and capacity, the gas production pressure of traditional large-capacity battery cells (≥500Ah) increases significantly during thermal runaway (i.e., the amount of high-temperature, high-pressure combustible gas generated during thermal runaway increases significantly). In the casing of long and narrow battery cells, the design of the plastic boss under the end cap has space limitations and easily encroaches on the exhaust space. Furthermore, the plastic boss under the end cap is a typical design with two bosses at each end, meaning the two bosses are located near the two edges of the end cap along the width direction of the battery cell. This structure obstructs the flow of gas along the long sidewall of the casing, causing gas to stagnate in the corresponding corner area between the long sidewall of the casing and the corresponding side of the end cap, leading to local gas accumulation, increased pressure, and potentially weld cracking. Moreover, because the two bosses are located near the two edges of the end cap along the width direction of the battery cell, the middle position between the two bosses on the electrode assembly is prone to protruding towards the pressure relief mechanism under high pressure, causing blockage and ultimately leading to the risk of non-directional pressure relief.

[0064] Based on the above considerations, embodiments of this application provide a single battery cell for assembling and manufacturing battery devices, energy storage devices, energy storage systems, and charging networks. This single battery cell features multiple first protrusions extending along a second direction on the inner sidewall of the second end cap. These first protrusions are also located on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism along a third direction, positioned closer to the pressure relief mechanism. The second end cap is insulated against these first protrusions. The first protrusions support the electrode assembly, preventing it from protruding under internal pressure and causing blockage. Each first protrusion has a perforated structure for directional flow of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism, providing a channel for the internal flue gas to flow directionally to the mechanism. Because the first protrusions are closer to the pressure relief mechanism, the flue gas flow efficiency in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cap along the third direction is improved, reducing the likelihood of flue gas accumulation in this area. Furthermore, the porous structure ensures flue gas emission, reduces the accumulation time of flue gas in the area of ​​the first protrusion away from the pressure relief mechanism, and reduces the expansion and compression stress in the corner area corresponding to the third-direction side of the second end cover between the shell body and the second end cover, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the first protrusion or weld cracking and improving the reliability of the battery cell.

[0065] To illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments.

[0066] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, embodiments of this application provide a battery cell 100. For example... Figures 1 to 4As shown, the battery cell 100 includes an electrode assembly 10, a housing 20, electrode terminals 221, at least one pressure relief mechanism 231, and a plurality of first protrusions 232. The electrode assembly 10 includes a main body 11 and tabs 12. The main body 11 has a first end 111 and a second end 112, and the tabs 12 are electrically connected to the first end 111. The housing 20 includes a housing body 21, a first end cap 22, and a second end cap 23. The first end cap 22 and the second end cap 23 respectively cover the two ends of the housing body 21 along a first direction X and form a receiving space 24. The electrode assembly 10 is disposed in the receiving space 24, and the second end 112 is opposite to the second end cap 23. The electrode terminals 221 are disposed on the first end cap 22, and the tabs 12 are electrically connected to the electrode terminals 221. The electrode terminals 221 are used for external electrical connections of the battery cell 100. At least one pressure relief mechanism 231 is disposed on the second end cover 23. The accommodating space 24 is connected to the outside when the pressure relief mechanism 231 is opened. That is, when the internal pressure of the battery cell 100 reaches a preset threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 231 is designed to open, so that the gas in the accommodating space 24 can communicate with the external environment, thereby releasing the internal pressure. A plurality of first protrusions 232 are disposed on the inner sidewall of the second end cover 23. The second end 112 is insulated against the first protrusions 232. The first protrusions 232 extend along the second direction Y. The pressure relief mechanism 231 is provided with at least one first protrusion 232 on both sides along the third direction Z. The distance L1 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is less than the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the second end cover 23. The first protrusion 232 is provided with a perforated structure 233 for supplying flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are all perpendicular to each other.

[0067] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment:

[0068] A battery cell 100 refers to an independent electrochemical energy storage unit that can undergo charge-discharge cycles to store or provide electrical energy.

[0069] The electrode assembly 10 is the core functional component of the battery cell 100. The electrode assembly 10 is typically formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and is used to realize electrochemical reactions. The main body 11 of the electrode assembly 10 is the main part of the electrode assembly 10, and the tabs 12 of the electrode assembly 10 are the connection terminals used to lead out current.

[0070] The housing 20 is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly 10, providing mechanical protection and a sealed environment. The housing body 21 is the main structure of the housing 20, and the first end cap 22 and the second end cap 23 are respectively fitted onto the two ends of the housing body 21, together forming the receiving space 24 for accommodating the electrode assembly 10.

[0071] The pressure relief mechanism 231 is a safety device. When the internal pressure of the battery cell 100 rises abnormally, the pressure relief mechanism 231 can be actuated to open, so that the accommodating space 24 is connected to the outside, thereby releasing the high temperature and high pressure combustible flue gas generated inside the battery cell 100 when thermal runaway occurs, preventing the flue gas from accumulating and causing the internal pressure to rise, which in turn causes the casing 20 to be squeezed and ruptured.

[0072] The first protrusion 232 is a structure set on the inner side wall of the second end cover 23. The main function of the first protrusion 232 is to support the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10 and work in conjunction with the pressure relief mechanism 231 to guide the flue gas generated inside to flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231.

[0073] The pore structure 233 is a channel provided inside or on the surface of the first protrusion 232. The function of the pore structure 233 is to provide a path for the flue gas generated inside the battery cell 100 to flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231.

[0074] The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are three mutually perpendicular spatial directions used to define the relative positions of the internal structures of the battery cell 100. For example, Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, the X-axis of the spatial rectangular coordinate system represents the first direction X in both directions, the Y-axis represents the second direction Y in both directions, and the Z-axis represents the third direction Z in both directions. Specifically, the first direction X is the length (or height) direction of the battery cell 100, the second direction Y is the thickness direction of the battery cell 100, and the third direction Z is the width direction of the battery cell 100.

[0075] In the battery cell 100 provided in the embodiments of this application, since at least one first protrusion 232 is provided on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism 231 along the third direction Z, and the second end 112 is designed to insulate against these first protrusions 232, these first protrusions 232 form a certain support and isolation between the electrode assembly 10 and the second end cover 23, thereby achieving electrical insulation between the electrode assembly 10 and the second end cover 23. The first protrusion 232 can be formed by injection molding, that is, the first protrusion 232 can also be integrally formed with the second end cover 23; or, the first protrusion 232 can be fixed to the inner sidewall of the second end cover 23 by means of bonding, snap-fit, etc. For example, a strip-shaped rib can be made of plastic material and fixed to the inner surface of the second end cover 23 by means of bonding, snap-fit, etc., thereby forming the first protrusion 232 on the inner side of the second end cover 23.

[0076] Furthermore, the first protrusion 232 is provided with a porous structure 233 for supplying flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231. The porous structure 233 can be achieved by forming a series of microchannels on the surface or inside of the first protrusion 232. For example, several through holes can be opened on the side or top of the first protrusion 232, or a porous structure can be pre-reserved in the material of the first protrusion 232. In this way, when the battery cell 100 experiences thermal runaway, the flue gas generated inside can be effectively guided and directed to the pressure relief mechanism 231 by the porous structure 233, reducing the possibility of flue gas accumulating in a local area.

[0077] In the battery cell 100, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, along the third direction Z, the distance L1 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is smaller than the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the second end cap 23. Specifically, the first protrusion 232 is asymmetrically arranged on the inner side of the second end cap 23 along the third direction Z, which makes the arrangement of the first protrusion 232 in the vicinity of the pressure relief mechanism 231 more compact, thereby providing a more direct and shorter channel for the flue gas to flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231. On the other hand, the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the second end cap 23 is relatively larger than the distance L1 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231. This asymmetrical distance setting makes the first protrusion 232 closer to the pressure relief mechanism 231, aiming to optimize the flow path of the flue gas along the inner side of the second end cap 23. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs, the flue gas can be preferentially and quickly guided to the pressure relief mechanism 231, reducing the possibility of the flue gas forming a "dead zone" or accumulating in the area of ​​the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231, which helps to improve the pressure relief efficiency.

[0078] In this embodiment, the battery cell 100 has multiple first protrusions 232 extending along the second direction Y on the inner sidewall of the second end cover 23. The first protrusions 232 are also provided on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism 231 along the third direction Z, with the first protrusions 232 positioned closer to the pressure relief mechanism 231. The second end 112 abuts against the first protrusions 232. The first protrusions 232 support the electrode assembly 10, reducing the possibility of the electrode assembly 10 protruding into the pressure relief mechanism 231 under internal pressure and causing blockage. The first protrusions 232 have a perforated structure 233 for directional flow of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231, providing a channel for the internal flue gas to flow directionally to the pressure relief mechanism 231. Because the first protrusions 232 are closer to the pressure relief mechanism 231, the flue gas flow efficiency in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z is improved, reducing the possibility of flue gas accumulating in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z. Furthermore, the porous structure 233 can ensure the emission of flue gas, reduce the accumulation time of flue gas in the area of ​​the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231, reduce the expansion and compression stress in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z between the shell body 21 and the second end cover 23, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the first protrusion 232 or weld cracking, and improving the reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0079] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figures 6 to 9 As shown in some embodiments of this application, the pore structure 233 of the first protrusion 232 includes at least one first channel 234, which connects both sides of the first protrusion 232 along the third direction Z. Specifically, the first channel 234 is a specific channel disposed inside the first protrusion 232. The main function of the first channel 234 is to provide a clear flow path for the flue gas, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure combustible flue gas flows in a directional manner to the pressure relief mechanism 231. The first channel 234 penetrates the first protrusion 232 along the third direction Z. In this way, no matter which side of the first protrusion 232 the flue gas is generated or collected from, it can be effectively guided to the other side through the first channel 234, thereby achieving smooth flow of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231 and achieving the purpose of rapid pressure relief. The shape, size, and cross-sectional form of the first channel 234 can be designed according to actual needs, for example, it can be a channel with a circular, rectangular, or irregular cross-section. The extension direction of the first channel 234 can be parallel to the third direction Z, or it can be a path forming a certain angle with the third direction Z, or it can be a tortuous channel path, as long as it ensures that the first channel 234 connects the two sides of the first boss 232 along the third direction Z. The first channel 234 can be formed by injection molding, machining or other suitable manufacturing processes.

[0080] By providing at least one first channel 234 within the first protrusion 232 and connecting it to both sides of the first protrusion 232 along the third direction Z, a clear and efficient flow path is provided for the flue gas, allowing the high-temperature, high-pressure combustible flue gas to flow smoothly and directionally to the pressure relief mechanism 231 for rapid pressure relief. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 100 and generates high-temperature, high-pressure combustible flue gas, the high-temperature, high-pressure combustible flue gas rapidly fills the containment space 24 from the location of thermal runaway and reaches the first protrusion 232. The flue gas can quickly enter the first channel 234 within the first protrusion 232 and flow along the first channel 234 to the pressure relief mechanism 231 for pressure relief. Since the first channel 234 connects both sides of the first protrusion 232 along the third direction Z, the flue gas can effectively flow from one side of the first protrusion 232 to the other side and finally flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231 for pressure relief. The well-defined channel design of the first channel 234 reduces the possibility of disorderly diffusion and stagnation of flue gas inside or around the first protrusion 232, improves the efficiency and speed of flue gas diversion, and thus ensures that the pressure relief mechanism 231 can open and discharge flue gas in a timely and effective manner.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the extension direction of the first channel 234 is parallel to the third direction Z, that is, the axis of the first channel 234 is a straight line, and the first channel 234 is a through hole. By setting the extension direction of the first channel 234 to be parallel to the third direction Z, it can be ensured that the flue gas can flow rapidly along a straight path consistent with the arrangement direction of the pressure relief mechanism 231, thereby simplifying the flow path of the flue gas, reducing the turning or obstruction of the flue gas inside the first protrusion 232, reducing the flow resistance of the flue gas inside the first protrusion 232, and improving the efficiency of flue gas flow and discharge to the pressure relief mechanism 231. In this way, when high temperature and high pressure combustible flue gas occurs inside the battery cell 100, the flue gas can flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231 more quickly and directly, prompting the pressure relief mechanism 231 to open in time, thereby achieving efficient internal pressure release. This not only effectively shortens the pressure relief response time and reduces the risk of danger caused by excessive internal pressure in the battery cell 100, but also improves the overall reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0082] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the pore structure 233 includes a plurality of first channels 234, which are spaced apart along a third direction Z. Specifically, the plurality of first channels 234 refers to the presence of more than one independent channel within the first boss 232, which is designed to provide more paths for flue gas to flow to the pressure relief mechanism 231. These first channels 234 can be formed by integral molding, drilling, milling, or by assembling prefabricated components during the manufacture of the first boss 232. The spaced apart along a third direction Z means that these first channels 234 are not closely arranged in the width direction (i.e., the third direction Z) of the first boss 232, but are spaced apart from each other. This spacing helps to ensure that flue gas is guided to flow through a wider area to the pressure relief mechanism 231, reducing the possibility of flue gas accumulating in local areas, thereby improving the uniformity and efficiency of flue gas diversion. The spacing of the multiple first channels 234 along the third direction Z can be optimized according to the size of the battery cell 100, the structure of the electrode assembly 10 and the expected flue gas generation mode to achieve the best pressure relief effect.

[0083] By setting multiple first channels 234 and arranging them at Z intervals along the third direction, the number of effective channels and the total flow area of ​​flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231 are increased. This allows high-temperature and high-pressure combustible flue gas to be guided to the pressure relief mechanism 231 at a faster speed and in a more uniform manner, reducing the possibility of flue gas stagnation and pressure concentration in local areas, thereby improving the response efficiency and overall pressure relief effect of the pressure relief mechanism 231.

[0084] like Figures 3 to 9As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the pore structure 233 further includes at least one second channel 235. One end of the second channel 235 is connected to the corresponding first channel 234, and the other end of the second channel 235 is connected to the side of the first protrusion 232 opposite to the second end cap 23. Specifically, the second channel 235 can be circular, square, elliptical, or other geometric shapes suitable for gas flow. The size and number of the second channels 235 can be optimized according to the power density of the battery cell 100, the amount of gas generated by thermal runaway, and the pressure relief capacity of the pressure relief mechanism 231. For example, the second channel 235 can be designed as a straight hole penetrating the first protrusion 232, or an oblique hole with a certain angle of inclination, to better guide the flue gas. Since one end of the second channel 235 is connected to the corresponding first channel 234, it is ensured that the flue gas entering the second channel 235 can smoothly flow into the first channel 234, and then flow directionally to the pressure relief mechanism 231 together with the flue gas in the first channel 234, achieving rapid pressure relief. The feature that "the other end of the second channel 235 is connected to the side of the first protrusion 232 opposite to the second end cap 23" clarifies the entrance location of the second channel 235. "The side of the first protrusion 232 opposite to the second end cap 23" refers to the surface where the first protrusion 232 directly contacts the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10. By setting the entrance of the second channel 235 on this side, in the event of thermal runaway of the electrode assembly 10, the generated flue gas can enter the pore structure 233 more directly and rapidly, preventing the flue gas from lingering for a long time or forming a high-pressure area at the contact interface between the electrode assembly 10 and the first protrusion 232.

[0085] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, at least one second channel 235 is added to the pore structure 233 of the first protrusion 232, and one end of the second channel 235 is connected to the corresponding first channel 234. This provides a more direct and efficient path for the introduction and diversion of flue gas inside the battery cell 100, thereby rapidly guiding the flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231. This significantly reduces the flow resistance during flue gas discharge, improves the flow efficiency of the flue gas, effectively reduces the possibility of local accumulation of flue gas, helps to accelerate the response speed of the pressure relief mechanism 231, and ensures the reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0086] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the pore structure 233 further includes a plurality of second channels 235, and the plurality of second channels 235 are connected to a plurality of first channels 234 in a one-to-one correspondence. The second channels 235 can be designed according to the number and distribution of the first channels 234 and the requirements for flue gas flow. The one-to-one correspondence between the plurality of second channels 235 and the plurality of first channels 234 ensures that flue gas entering the second channels 235 from the side of the first protrusion 232 away from the second end cap 23 has a dedicated channel to be guided to each of the first channels 234, and then flows together with the flue gas in the first channels 234 to the pressure relief mechanism 231. Thus, an independent channel network is formed on the first protrusion 232, so that each first channel 234 is precisely aligned and connected to a second channel 235.

[0087] By providing multiple second channels 235 and connecting these second channels 235 one-to-one with multiple first channels 234, it is ensured that the flue gas can be efficiently and directly guided to the pressure relief mechanism 231, which helps to reduce the possibility of local accumulation of flue gas inside the battery cell 100, improves the overall efficiency of flue gas evacuation, and thus improves the reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the extension direction of the first channel 234 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second channel 235. This not only optimizes the gas flow path but also provides greater flexibility for the overall layout of the pore structure 233, helping to achieve efficient flue gas guidance within a limited space. This vertical channel design effectively reduces the flow resistance of flue gas at channel bends, lowers the possibility of flue gas stagnation or backflow due to unreasonable channel orientation, thereby ensuring that flue gas can enter the pore structure 233 more quickly and smoothly from the electrode assembly 10 side and flow efficiently and directionally to the pressure relief mechanism 231 along a preset path.

[0089] like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the second end cap 23 is provided with a support bracket 236 corresponding one-to-one with the first protrusion 232, and the first protrusion 232 covers the support bracket 236. Specifically, the support bracket 236 is a component used to provide structural support, and its main function is to enhance the mechanical strength and rigidity of the first protrusion 232. The support bracket 236 can be made of various high-strength materials, such as metal alloys, high-strength engineering plastics, or composite materials, to ensure that it can maintain stable support performance in the complex environment inside the battery. The support bracket 236 and the first protrusion 232 have a one-to-one correspondence, meaning that each first protrusion 232 is equipped with a dedicated support bracket 236, thereby achieving local reinforcement of each first protrusion 232 and ensuring that the support force can be evenly and effectively distributed to each key support point. Furthermore, the structural design of the first protrusion 232 covering the support bracket 236 not only protects the support bracket 236 to reduce its exposure to electrolyte corrosion, high-temperature gas erosion, or mechanical wear, but also ensures that the support bracket 236 and the first protrusion 232 form a tight whole and work together to withstand the pressure from the electrode assembly 10, thereby maximizing the supporting function of the support bracket 236.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, the first protrusion 232 achieves significantly enhanced structural strength and deformation resistance. When abnormal situations such as thermal runaway occur inside the battery cell 100, the impact force or continuous pressure exerted by the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10 on the first protrusion 232, as well as the influence of the high-temperature environment on the material properties of the first protrusion 232, can all be effectively supported by the support bracket 236. This ensures that the first protrusion 232 can maintain its stable shape and position even under extreme conditions, thereby stably supporting the electrode assembly 10. Furthermore, the pore structure 233 inside the first protrusion 232 is also kept unobstructed due to the effective support of the support bracket 236, ensuring that the flue gas can flow efficiently to the pressure relief mechanism 231 along a preset path. This ensures that the pressure relief mechanism 231 can reliably open and release internal pressure at critical moments, improving the reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, the support bracket 236 may be a component made of aluminum. Aluminum has advantages such as low density, high strength, good thermal conductivity, and strong corrosion resistance. Applying aluminum to the support bracket 236 fully utilizes the lightweight and high-strength characteristics of aluminum, which can effectively reduce the overall weight of the battery cell 100 and improve energy density. Furthermore, the excellent thermal conductivity of aluminum helps to conduct the heat generated by the battery cell 100 during charging and discharging to the outside, thereby improving the thermal management efficiency and reliability of the battery.

[0092] In some embodiments of this application, the support bracket 236 may be a component made of ceramic material, such as alumina ceramic, silicon nitride ceramic, or silicon carbide ceramic. Ceramic materials have extremely high hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and excellent electrical insulation properties, providing strong mechanical support. At the same time, the inherent insulation properties of ceramic materials eliminate the need for an additional insulation layer.

[0093] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, when the support bracket 236 is a metal component, a first insulating layer 237 is provided between the support bracket 236 and the first boss 232, and the melting point of the first insulating layer 237 is higher than that of the first boss 232. Specifically, the first insulating layer 237 is a material layer used to isolate the electrical contact between the electrode assembly 10 and the support bracket 236. The first insulating layer 237 can be implemented in various forms, for example, it can be an insulating coating applied to the surface of the support bracket 236 or the surface of the first boss 232, or it can be an insulating film, insulating gasket, or insulating sleeve placed between the two after prefabrication. Optional insulating materials for the first insulating layer 237 include, but are not limited to, ceramic materials (such as alumina, silicon nitride), polymer materials (such as polyimide, polyetheretherketone), mica sheets, glass fiber reinforced composite materials, etc.

[0094] The melting point of the first insulating layer 237 is higher than that of the first protrusion 232. This means that even if the internal temperature of the battery cell 100 rises sharply, even reaching the melting point of the first protrusion 232, the first insulating layer 237 can still maintain its solid structure and insulation performance. For example, if the first protrusion 232 is made of common plastic materials such as polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE), whose melting point is usually between 100°C and 200°C, then the first insulating layer 237 should be made of materials with melting points much higher than this range, such as ceramic materials or high-performance engineering plastics, whose melting points or decomposition temperatures can reach hundreds of degrees Celsius or even higher. Thus, even if the first protrusion 232 softens, deforms, or melts due to high temperatures, the first insulating layer 237 can still maintain its structural integrity, reducing the possibility of internal short circuits caused by the melting of the first protrusion 232. It provides stable electrical insulation protection between the electrode assembly 10 and the support bracket 236, improving the reliability of the battery cell 100 under abnormal operating conditions and reducing the probability of thermal runaway propagation.

[0095] like Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the second end cap 23 includes a cap body 2301 and an insulating member 2302. The insulating member 2302 is disposed on the inner sidewall of the cap body 2301 facing the electrode assembly 10. Specifically, the cap body 2301 is made of a metal material, such as aluminum alloy. The insulating member 2302 covers the inner wall surface of the cap body 2301 facing the electrode assembly 10. The insulating member 2302 is commonly referred to as the lower plastic in the end cap of the battery cell 100. The cap body 2301 and the electrode assembly 10 are electrically isolated by the insulating member 2302 and the first protrusion 232. Furthermore, a pressure relief mechanism 231 is disposed on the cap body 2301, and multiple first protrusions 232 are disposed on the side of the insulating member 2302 facing the electrode assembly 10. In this embodiment, the first boss 232 and the insulating component 2302 can be made of the same insulating material, and multiple first bosses 232 and insulating components 2302 can be integrally formed, for example, by injection molding, to improve manufacturing efficiency.

[0096] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the second end cap 23 includes only a cap body 2301, which is made of a metal material, such as aluminum alloy. Multiple first protrusions 232 are connected to the side of the cap body 2301 facing the electrode assembly 10. Furthermore, the multiple first protrusions 232 are all insulated against the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10. In this embodiment, both the cap body 2301 and the first protrusions 232 are made of metal, and the first protrusions 232 are welded to the cap body 2301; alternatively, the cap body 2301 and the first protrusions 232 are integrally formed, improving manufacturing efficiency. Furthermore, both the cap body 2301 and the first protrusions 232 have a second insulating layer 238 on the side facing the electrode assembly 10. Specifically, the second insulating layer 238 covers the surface of the first protrusion 232 and the surface area of ​​the inner wall of the cover body 2301 facing the electrode assembly 10 where the first protrusion 232 is not located. The second insulating layer 238 provides electrical isolation between the first protrusion 232 and the electrode assembly 10, and between the cover body 2301 and the electrode assembly 10. Compared to related technologies where the end cap of the battery cell 100 has a lower plastic layer, the second end cap 23 of the battery cell 100 in this embodiment eliminates the lower plastic layer, replacing its electrical insulation function with the second insulating layer 238. Since the thickness of the second insulating layer 238 is smaller than that of the lower plastic layer (generally less than 1 mm, while the minimum thickness of the lower plastic layer is several millimeters), the battery cell 100 in this embodiment has a larger effective internal space for the same external volume, thereby helping to improve the volumetric energy density of the battery cell 100.

[0097] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is 5mm-20mm. This is crucial for optimizing the flow path of flue gas inside the battery cell 100, enabling the flue gas to be effectively guided by the first protrusion 232 and quickly converge to the pressure relief mechanism 231 along the optimal path. This optimized design reduces the possibility of excessive restriction or disordered diffusion of flue gas flow, ensuring that the pressure relief mechanism 231 can efficiently and quickly discharge internal flue gas and heat after opening. If this distance L2 is too small, for example, less than 5mm, it may obstruct the discharge of flue gas, causing the flue gas to be unable to flow out smoothly after the pressure relief mechanism 231 is opened, and may even form local high pressure or heat accumulation at the pressure relief channel. Conversely, if the distance L2 is too large, for example, exceeding 20mm, the flue gas may diffuse excessively before reaching the pressure relief mechanism 231, reducing the flow efficiency and discharge efficiency of the flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231. This results in heat and harmful gases remaining in the containment space 24 for too long, thus affecting the heat dissipation and reliability of the battery cell 100. Therefore, by precisely controlling the distance L2 within the range of 5mm-20mm, sufficient flow space for the flue gas can be ensured while effectively guiding the flue gas to flow towards the pressure relief mechanism 231, thereby achieving rapid and efficient pressure relief and improving the overall reliability of the battery cell 100.

[0098] Furthermore, since the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is 5mm-20mm, the minimum distance L1 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is less than 5mm, for example, L1=4.5. Of course, the minimum distance between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 should not be too small. Generally, the minimum range of L1 can be [1mm, 5mm], and the preferred minimum range is [2mm, 4mm].

[0099] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 13As shown, in some embodiments of the battery cell 100 of this application, the height H of the first protrusion 232 from the inner surface of the second end cap 23 along the first direction X is 3mm-10mm. Specifically, "height H from the inner surface of the second end cap 23" refers to the vertical dimension of the first protrusion 232 extending from the inner surface of the second end cap 23 toward the electrode assembly 10. Limiting this height H to the range of 3mm-10mm aims to achieve various optimizations. For example, the first protrusion 232 within this height range ensures sufficient support strength, reducing the possibility of displacement or deformation of the electrode assembly 10 inside the battery cell 100. Furthermore, the first protrusion 232 within this height range forms a channel space (i.e., a first channel 234) with an appropriate cross-sectional area between the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10 and the inner surface of the second end cap 23. It is crucial that the flue gas generated under abnormal conditions (such as thermal runaway) inside the battery cell 100 can flow quickly and smoothly along the first channel 234 to the pressure relief mechanism 231.

[0100] In terms of size and layout, along the third direction Z, the distance L2 between the side of the first protrusion 232 facing the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism 231 is designed to be 5mm-20mm, and this distance L2 is less than the distance L1 between the side of the first protrusion 232 away from the pressure relief mechanism 231 and the edge of the second end cover 23. This asymmetrical distance design further optimizes the flow path of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231, enabling the flue gas to reach the pressure relief mechanism 231 quickly and improving the pressure relief efficiency. Along the first direction X, the height H of the first protrusion 232 from the inner surface of the second end cover 23 is 3mm-10mm. This height H ensures effective support and isolation for the electrode assembly 10, while also reserving sufficient space for flue gas flow.

[0101] like Figure 3As shown in some embodiments of this application, the inner wall of the first end cap 22 is provided with a plurality of spaced second protrusions 222. The second protrusions 222 abut against the first end cap 111, and the structure of the second protrusions 222 is the same as that of the first protrusions 232. Specifically, the second protrusions 222 are protruding structures provided on the inner wall of the first end cap 22. The main function of the second protrusions 222 is to provide mechanical support and precise positioning for the first end cap 111 of the electrode assembly 10. These second protrusions 222 can be made of various materials, such as polymers, engineering plastics, ceramic materials, or composite materials, and can be firmly fixed to the inner wall of the first end cap 22 through various processes such as injection molding, bonding, and welding. The spaced arrangement of the second protrusions 222 can provide dispersed and effective support points according to the actual shape and stress distribution of the electrode assembly 10, thereby reducing the possibility of local stress concentration, while reserving necessary space for electrolyte penetration and flow. The abutment between the second protrusion 222 and the first end 111 effectively fixes the first end 111 of the electrode assembly 10 inside the battery cell 100, thereby limiting the axial movement of the first end 111 in the first direction X and the lateral swaying in the second direction Y and the third direction Z. By precisely designing the height, shape, and position of the second protrusion 222, i.e., the structure of the second protrusion 222 is the same as that of the first protrusion 232 described above, pre-tightening or tight support of the electrode assembly 10 can be achieved, thereby improving the stability of the electrode assembly 10 under various working conditions, and also ensuring that the electrode assembly 10 obtains similar support characteristics and mechanical response at both ends.

[0102] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the dimension b1 of the shell body 21 along the first direction X is greater than the dimension b3 of the shell body 21 along the third direction Z, and the dimension b3 of the shell body 21 along the third direction Z is greater than the dimension b2 of the shell body 21 along the second direction Y. That is to say, the battery cell 100 of this application is a "blade-shaped battery cell" that is thin in the third direction Z and long in the first direction X. In the battery cell 100 of this application, when thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 100 and high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is generated, especially when the thermal runaway occurs at the first end 111 or the main body 11 near the first end 111, the flow path of the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231 is too long. This causes the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas to be easily blocked and accumulated in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z. By setting the first protrusion 232 to open up this corner area, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas can flow in a direction to the pressure relief mechanism 231 through the pore structure 233 of the first protrusion 232, thereby improving the flue gas flow efficiency in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z and reducing the possibility of flue gas accumulating in the corner area corresponding to the side of the second end cover 23 along the third direction Z.

[0103] The following example will provide a more in-depth explanation of the technical solution:

[0104] In a high-capacity energy storage battery cell 100 application scenario, such as in an energy storage power station, the battery cell 100 is designed to provide a stable power output. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 100 due to abnormal conditions, the electrode assembly 10 will rapidly generate a large amount of high-temperature flue gas. In order to effectively manage these flue gases and ensure safe pressure relief, the battery cell 100 adopts a specific structural design.

[0105] Specifically, the electrode assembly 10 of the battery cell 100 has a main body 11 having a first end 111 and a second end 112, with a tab 12 electrically connected to the first end 111. The electrode assembly 10 is housed in a receiving space 24 inside a housing 20, which is formed by a housing body 21, a first end cap 22, and a second end cap 23 closed along a first direction X. The tab 12 is electrically connected to an electrode terminal 221 on the first end cap 22.

[0106] The inner wall of the second end cap 23 is provided with a plurality of first protrusions 232, which extend along the second direction Y and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism 231 along the third direction Z. The second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10 abuts tightly against these first protrusions 232. This abutment structure effectively reduces the possibility that the second end 112 of the electrode assembly 10 may be displaced or expanded in the direction of the pressure relief mechanism 231 under the impact of internal high-pressure gas, thereby reducing the possibility that the electrode assembly 10 directly blocks the pressure relief mechanism 231 and solving the blockage problem.

[0107] To ensure smooth flow of flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism 231, each first protrusion 232 is provided with a porous structure 233. This porous structure 233 includes at least one first channel 234, which connects both sides of the first protrusion 232 along the third direction Z, and its extension direction is parallel to the third direction Z. Furthermore, the porous structure 233 also includes at least one second channel 235, one end of which connects to a corresponding first channel 234, and the other end connects to the side of the first protrusion 232 facing away from the second end cap 23. Multiple first channels 234 are spaced apart along the third direction Z and correspond one-to-one with multiple second channels 235, and the extension directions of the first channels 234 and the second channels 235 are perpendicular to each other. This multi-channel, multi-directional pore structure 233 forms an efficient flue gas guiding network, which allows the flue gas to be rapidly dispersed through these channels and guided to the pressure relief mechanism 231, ensuring that the flue gas can be discharged in an orderly and directional manner, reducing the possibility of disordered pressure relief and shell damage.

[0108] In terms of structural strength, the second end cap 23 is also provided with support brackets 236 corresponding one-to-one with the first protrusion 232, and the first protrusion 232 covers the support brackets 236. The support brackets 236 are made of aluminum, providing sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the huge internal pressure generated during thermal runaway, reducing the possibility of deformation or damage to the first protrusion 232 under extreme pressure. Furthermore, a first insulating layer 237 is provided between the support bracket 236 and the first protrusion 232. The melting point of the first insulating layer 237 is higher than that of the first protrusion 232, ensuring that good electrical insulation performance is maintained in high-temperature environments, reducing the possibility of short circuits caused by high temperatures.

[0109] Furthermore, multiple second protrusions 222 are also provided on the inner sidewall of the first end cap 22. These second protrusions 222 abut against the first end 111 of the electrode assembly 10, and their structure is the same as that of the first protrusion 232. This provides similar support, isolation and flue gas diversion functions at the other end of the battery cell 100, forming a complete and symmetrical protection system.

[0110] When the battery cell 100 experiences thermal runaway, the electrode assembly 10 is stably supported by the first protrusion 232 and the second protrusion 222, preventing the electrode assembly 10 from blocking the pressure relief channel. Furthermore, the flue gas is efficiently guided to the pressure relief mechanism 231 through the pore structure 233 (including the first channel 234 and the second channel 235) inside the first protrusion 232 and the second protrusion 222, and ultimately discharged, reducing the possibility of localized flue gas accumulation and improving the safety and reliability of the battery cell 100 under extreme operating conditions.

[0111] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, embodiments of this application also provide a battery device 200, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the battery device 200 includes a main body 201, a cover 202, and multiple battery cells 100 as described above. The cover 202 closes onto the open end of the main body 201, forming an assembly space 203 where one or more battery cells 100 are integrated and encapsulated. For example, the battery device 200 can be a battery module, connecting multiple battery cells 100 in series or parallel and encapsulating them in a housing to provide basic electrical interfaces; or, the battery device 200 can be a battery pack, which, in addition to the integration of battery cells 100, also includes a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, a high-voltage connector, a communication interface, etc., to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack. The battery cells 100 are used to store electrical energy or supply power. Specifically, during charging, the battery cells 100 convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage; the battery cells 100 are the basic units for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. During discharging, the battery cells 100 convert chemical energy into electrical energy for output.

[0112] As an example, the battery device 200 can be a battery module for an electric vehicle, which integrates multiple battery cells 100 connected in series and / or parallel to achieve the required voltage and capacity. These battery cells 100 are encapsulated in a robust module housing, which may be made of aluminum alloy or composite materials, providing structural support and external protection. The electrode terminals 221 of the battery cells 100 are connected to the external interface of the module via busbars, thereby enabling power transfer to the high-voltage system of the electric vehicle. Each battery cell 100 is equipped with the aforementioned multiple pressure relief mechanisms 231 to ensure timely and effective pressure relief in the event of thermal runaway. Furthermore, the battery module may also be equipped with temperature sensors and voltage acquisition units to monitor the operating status of the battery cells 100 and transmit the data to the battery management system (BMS) for precise management and protection of the battery device 200.

[0113] The battery device 200 provided in the embodiments of this application inherits the directional pressure relief capability of the battery cell 100. By optimizing the synergistic effect of the boss layout and the pore structure 233, it ensures that the flue gas inside the battery cell 100 can flow efficiently to the pressure relief mechanism 231 along a preset path, avoiding the risk of systemic failure caused by disordered pressure relief and significantly improving the safety and reliability under extreme thermal runaway conditions.

[0114] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, embodiments of this application also provide an energy storage device 300. In some embodiments, the energy storage device 300 includes a battery device 200 as described above, that is, the energy storage device 300 uses one battery device 200 or multiple battery devices 200 connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration, such that these battery devices 200 are used to store electrical energy or provide electrical energy. In other embodiments of this application, the energy storage device 300 includes a plurality of battery cells 100 as described above, that is, the energy storage device 300 uses a plurality of battery cells 100 connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration, such that these battery cells 100 are used to store electrical energy or provide electrical energy.

[0115] The primary function of the energy storage device 300 is to realize the temporal and spatial transfer of electrical energy, such as charging during off-peak hours, discharging during peak hours, or providing support during grid load fluctuations. The energy storage device 300 can be a small, portable device, such as a convenient energy storage battery used for outdoor camping or by street vendors. It can also be a large, fixed, high-power industrial-grade device, such as a large energy storage power station used in a power plant. The energy storage device 300 can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power systems, solar power systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. It can store electrical energy as needed and output it at appropriate times. For example, it can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or equipment during peak hours. Other examples include independent power supply energy storage cabinets or containers used on construction sites or in factories, and larger, portable energy storage cabinets or containers used at large event venues.

[0116] like Figure 15 As shown, the energy storage device 300 provided in the embodiments of this application is preferably an energy storage cabinet, which includes a cabinet 301 and a plurality of battery devices 200, which are stacked and assembled in the cabinet 301.

[0117] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 300 may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0118] As an example, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each battery cell 100 or each battery device 200 via pipelines for regulating the temperature of the battery cell 100.

[0119] As an example, the main control module can serve as a battery management unit for multiple battery cells 100 or multiple battery devices 200, used to monitor and manage these cells. The main control module can monitor information such as current, voltage, power, or temperature of the multiple battery cells 100 or multiple battery devices 200. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the multiple battery cells 100 or multiple battery devices 200. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0120] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit of the energy storage device 300, used to monitor and manage the energy storage device 300. The central control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature of the energy storage device 300. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device 300. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an insulation monitoring module (IMM), a master battery management unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0121] As an example, the fire protection module includes a control panel, detectors, alarm devices, etc., for detecting, alarming, or extinguishing fires in the energy storage device 300.

[0122] As an example, the power distribution module can be used to distribute power to the modules in the energy storage device 300 that require electricity.

[0123] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application, embodiments of this application also provide an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes an energy conversion system and an energy storage device 300 as described above. The energy conversion system is connected to the energy storage device 300 to convert energy from current input to or output from the energy storage device 300. The battery device 200 in the energy storage device 300 is used to store electrical energy or provide electrical energy.

[0124] In some embodiments, the energy storage system may include one or more energy storage devices 300 and a power converter system (PCS). The power converter system is used to connect the power generation equipment, the power grid, or the load to the energy storage device 300. The power generation equipment generates electrical energy, the energy storage device 300 stores electrical energy, and the power converter system converts the current input to the energy storage device 300 or the current output from the energy storage device 300 into energy. The electrical energy generated by the power generation equipment can be stored in the energy storage device 300 through the power converter system, and the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 300 can also be output to the load or the power grid through the power converter system. As an example, the power generation equipment may specifically be a solar panel, a hydroelectric power generation device, a thermal power generation device, a wind power generation device, etc. The specific type of power generation equipment is not limited in this application.

[0125] Energy storage systems can be used in various application scenarios such as grid peak shaving, frequency regulation, backup power, and renewable energy grid connection. For example, an energy storage system can be a large-scale grid-scale energy storage power station or a residential energy storage system integrated with a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0126] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this application, embodiments of this application also provide a charging network, including charging piles.

[0127] In some embodiments, the charging network further includes an energy storage system as described above, with the charging pile electrically connected to the energy storage system, wherein the battery device 200 of the energy storage device 300 of the energy storage system is used to store electrical energy, or the battery device 200 of the energy storage device 300 is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

[0128] In some other embodiments of this application, the charging network further includes an energy storage device 300 as described above, and the charging pile is electrically connected to the energy storage device 300, wherein the battery device 200 of the energy storage device 300 is used to store electrical energy, or the battery device 200 of the energy storage device 300 is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

[0129] The charging pile may have one or more connectors, which are used to connect to the charging interface of the device to be charged (such as an electric vehicle), so as to replenish the energy storage unit (such as the battery of the electric vehicle) of the device to be charged.

[0130] A charging network can be a local microgrid or a distributed system interconnected with a large power grid, aiming to optimize energy efficiency and improve the reliability and flexibility of charging services. For example, a charging network may include multiple charging stations, energy storage stations, and a central control system, or it may be a community-level smart charging network that coordinates energy storage and charging loads through an energy management system.

[0131] In one application scenario of a charging network, the energy storage device 300 can transmit the stored electrical energy to the charging pile, which in turn charges the electric vehicle.

[0132] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that, include: An electrode assembly includes a main body and a tab, the main body having a first end and a second end, the tab being electrically connected to the first end; The housing includes a housing body, a first end cap, and a second end cap. The first end cap and the second end cap respectively cover the two ends of the housing body along a first direction and form a receiving space. The electrode assembly is disposed in the receiving space, and the second end is opposite to the second end cap. An electrode terminal is disposed on the first end cap, and the electrode tab is electrically connected to the electrode terminal; At least one pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the second end cover, and the accommodating space is connected to the outside when the pressure relief mechanism is opened; Multiple first protrusions are disposed on the inner sidewall of the second end cap. The second end cap is insulated against the first protrusions. The first protrusions extend along a second direction. The pressure relief mechanism is provided with at least one first protrusion on each of its two sides along a third direction. The distance between the side of the first protrusion facing the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism is less than the distance between the side of the first protrusion away from the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the second end cap. The first protrusions are provided with a perforated structure for supplying flue gas to the pressure relief mechanism. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous structure includes at least one first channel, which connects the first boss to both sides in the third direction.

3. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extension direction of the first channel is parallel to the third direction.

4. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pore structure includes a plurality of first channels, which are spaced apart along the third direction.

5. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pore structure further includes at least one second channel, one end of which is connected to the corresponding first channel, and the other end of which is connected to the side of the first boss away from the second end cap.

6. The battery cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pore structure further includes a plurality of second channels, which are connected to a plurality of first channels in a one-to-one correspondence.

7. The battery cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The extension direction of the first channel is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second channel.

8. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The second end cap is provided with a support bracket that corresponds one-to-one with the first boss. The first boss covers the support bracket and is made of insulating material.

9. The battery cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The support bracket is a component made of metal; or, the support bracket is a component made of ceramic.

10. The battery cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the support bracket is a metal component, a first insulating layer is provided between the support bracket and the first boss, and the melting point of the first insulating layer is higher than the melting point of the first boss.

11. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The second end cap includes a cap body and an insulating member. The insulating member is disposed on the inner side wall of the cap body facing the electrode assembly. The pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the cap body. The plurality of first protrusions are disposed on the side of the insulating member facing the electrode assembly.

12. The battery cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The plurality of first protrusions are integrally formed with the insulating component.

13. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The second end cap includes a cap body, and the plurality of first protrusions are connected to the side of the cap body facing the electrode assembly.

14. The battery cell according to claim 13, characterized in that, Both the cover body and the first protrusion are made of metal. The first protrusion is welded to the cover body, or the cover body and the first protrusion are integrally formed.

15. The battery cell according to claim 14, characterized in that, Both the cover body and the first protrusion have a second insulating layer on the side facing the electrode assembly.

16. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The distance between the side of the first boss facing the pressure relief mechanism and the edge of the pressure relief mechanism is 5mm-20mm.

17. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the height of the first boss from the inner surface of the second end cap is 3mm-10mm.

18. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The inner wall of the first end cap is provided with a plurality of spaced second protrusions, the second protrusions abutting against the first end cap, and the structure of the second protrusions is the same as that of the first protrusions.

19. The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The dimension of the shell body along the first direction is greater than the dimension of the shell body along the third direction, and the dimension of the shell body along the third direction is greater than the dimension of the shell body along the second direction.

20. A battery device, characterized in that, Includes a battery cell as described in any one of claims 1-19, the battery cell being used to store or provide electrical energy.

21. An energy storage device, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes a battery cell as described in any one of claims 1-19, the battery cell being used to store or provide electrical energy; Alternatively, the energy storage device may include a battery device as described in claim 20, the battery device being used to store or provide electrical energy.

22. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Energy conversion system; as well as The energy storage device of claim 21, wherein the energy conversion system and the energy storage device are configured to convert current input to or output from the energy storage device into energy.

23. A charging network, characterized in that, Including charging stations; The charging network further includes the energy storage device as described in claim 21, wherein the charging pile is electrically connected to the energy storage device; Alternatively, the charging network may further include the energy storage system as described in claim 22, wherein the charging pile is electrically connected to the energy storage system; The energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

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