A beam vertical turning and milling integrated numerical control machine tool

Abstract

This utility model discloses a crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool, including a worktable, a clamping device, a turning and milling device, and a tool changing device. The clamping device has a first spindle mechanism that can rotate around the Z-axis and a Y-axis motion mechanism; the turning and milling device includes a second spindle mechanism that can mount turning tools or milling cutters, a third spindle mechanism that oscillates around the Y-axis, and Z-axis and X-axis motion mechanisms; the tool changing device includes a tool magazine and a tool changing assembly. This machine tool, through optimized structural layout, enables multi-process machining of workpieces in a single clamping. The first spindle mechanism, combined with Y-axis motion, ensures workpiece positioning accuracy, while the second spindle mechanism, in conjunction with multi-degree-of-freedom motion, completes the machining of complex curved surfaces. The tool changing device enables rapid tool switching. A particularly noteworthy feature is the L-shaped worktable design, with the Y-axis mechanism located at the top and the X-axis mechanism at the bottom, enhancing the machine tool's rigidity and stability. This utility model has a compact structure, high machining accuracy, and is suitable for efficient composite machining of complex parts in fields such as automotive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool technology, and in particular to a crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional vertical turning-milling composite machine tools suffer from low efficiency in multi-process conversion and limited machining accuracy when machining complex workpieces. In existing technology, ordinary CNC lathes typically employ a horizontal layout with the workpiece rotation axis horizontally positioned, leading to chip accumulation during machining that affects machining quality and hinders multi-faceted machining. While conventional vertical lathes improve chip removal, they generally suffer from limited functionality and machining range, especially in turning-milling composite machining, often requiring multiple clamping and positioning operations, reducing machining efficiency and easily leading to cumulative errors. Currently, some composite machine tools on the market integrate turning and milling functions, but their spindle mechanisms are mostly fixed designs, lacking multi-degree-of-freedom motion capabilities, resulting in significant limitations when machining complex curved surfaces. Furthermore, the tool changing system of traditional machine tools is separated from the machining mechanism, resulting in long tool changing paths and significant time consumption, severely impacting machining cycle time. To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of vertical beam milling and turning CNC machine tool. By optimizing the structural layout and motion mechanism configuration, it can achieve efficient multi-process machining of workpieces in a single clamping operation, while simultaneously solving key technical problems such as insufficient machining accuracy and low tool changing efficiency in existing technologies. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this utility model proposes a crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool with a compact overall structure, suitable for completing turning, milling and composite machining needs, without the need to re-clamp the workpiece.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: A crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool includes a worktable and a component mounted on the worktable: The clamping device includes a first spindle mechanism for clamping a workpiece and capable of driving the workpiece to rotate around the Z-axis, and a Y-axis motion mechanism for driving the first spindle mechanism to move along the Y-axis. The milling and turning device includes a second spindle mechanism located above the clamping device for mounting a turning tool or milling cutter to machine the workpiece, a third spindle mechanism that drives the second spindle mechanism to swing around the Y-axis, a Z-axis motion mechanism that drives the third spindle mechanism to move along the Z-axis, and an X-axis motion mechanism that drives the Z-axis motion mechanism to move along the X-axis. A tool changing device, located next to the milling and turning device, includes a tool magazine and a tool changing assembly. The tool magazine is equipped with milling cutters and turning tools, and the tool changing assembly is used to change tools for the milling and turning device.

[0005] A beam-type vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to an embodiment of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: The beam-type vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool of this invention achieves efficient multi-process machining of workpieces in a single clamping operation through optimized structural layout and motion mechanism configuration, significantly improving machining accuracy and production efficiency. The clamping device uses a first spindle mechanism to drive the workpiece to rotate around the Z-axis, and combines this with a Y-axis motion mechanism to achieve longitudinal movement of the workpiece, giving the workpiece higher positioning accuracy and stability during machining. The turning and milling device uses a second spindle mechanism to mount the turning tool or milling cutter, and uses a third spindle mechanism to achieve oscillation around the Y-axis, combined with Z-axis and X-axis motion mechanisms to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom machining, enabling the completion of complex curved surfaces, inclined surfaces, and multi-face machining tasks, reducing errors caused by repeated clamping. The tool changing device integrates a tool magazine and tool changing components, allowing for rapid switching between turning tools and milling cutters during machining, significantly shortening tool changing time and improving automation. The overall structure is compact, suitable for high-precision, high-efficiency composite machining needs, and especially suitable for machining highly complex parts in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and other fields.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the worktable has an L-shaped cross-section, the Y-axis motion mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the worktable along the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis motion mechanism is disposed at the top of the worktable along the X-axis direction.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the Y-axis motion mechanism includes a Y-axis slide rail, a first slide table disposed on the Y-axis slide rail, and a Y-axis motor lead screw that drives the first slide table to move along the Y-axis slide rail. The first main shaft mechanism is disposed on the first slide table.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, telescopic covers are provided above the Y-axis slide rail on the front and rear sides of the first slide table.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the Z-axis motion mechanism includes a Z-axis slide rail, a lifting frame disposed on the Z-axis slide rail, a Z-axis motor lead screw that drives the lifting frame to move along the Z-axis slide rail, and the third main shaft mechanism is mounted on the lifting frame.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the X-axis motion mechanism includes an X-axis slide rail, a second slide table disposed on the X-axis slide rail, and an X-axis motor lead screw that drives the second slide table to move along the X-axis slide rail. The Z-axis motion mechanism is mounted on the second slide table.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second spindle mechanism includes a rotary motor, a first gear plate, and a tool-removing mechanism. The rotary motor has a tool mounting shaft, which is provided with a tool mounting hole for mounting a tool. The first gear plate is used to lock or release the tool mounting shaft, and the tool-removing mechanism is used to push the tool out of the tool mounting hole for tool replacement.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the third spindle mechanism includes a swing motor and a second gear disk. The swing motor is used to drive the second spindle mechanism to swing around the Y-axis, and the second gear disk is used to lock or release the output shaft of the swing motor.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tool changing device further includes a support frame connected to one side of the worktable, the tool magazine is mounted on the support frame, and the tool changing assembly is mounted on the side of the tool magazine near the milling and turning device.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tool changing assembly includes a tool changing motor and a tool changing rod disposed at the output end of the tool changing motor, wherein the two ends of the tool changing rod are respectively provided with tool clamping slots for clamping the tool.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposition process; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the clamping device; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the milling and turning device; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Internal schematic diagrams of the second and third main spindle mechanisms; Figure 6 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tool changing device.

[0018] Reference numerals: Worktable 100, clamping device 110, first spindle mechanism 120, Y-axis motion mechanism 130, milling and turning device 140, second spindle mechanism 150, third spindle mechanism 160, Z-axis motion mechanism 170, tool changer 180, tool magazine 190, tool changer assembly 200, Y-axis slide rail 210, first slide table 220, telescopic cover 230, Z-axis slide rail 240, lifting frame 250, X-axis slide rail 260, second slide table 270, rotary motor 280, first gear plate 290, tool clamping mechanism 300, tool mounting shaft 310, tool mounting hole 320, oscillating motor 330, second gear plate 340, support frame 350, tool changer motor 360, tool changer bar 370, tool clamping edge 380, X-axis motion mechanism 390. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0020] The following is for reference. Figures 1-6 A specific embodiment of a vertical turning and milling CNC machine tool with a crossbeam is described in detail below. It is to be understood that the following description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this application proposes a beam-type vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool including a worktable 100, a clamping device 110, a turning and milling device 140, and a tool changing device 180. The clamping device 110 includes a first spindle mechanism 120 capable of rotating the workpiece around the Z-axis and a Y-axis motion mechanism 130 driving it to move along the Y-axis. The turning and milling device 140 includes a second spindle mechanism 150 for mounting turning tools or milling cutters, a third spindle mechanism 160 for driving the second spindle mechanism 150 to oscillate around the Y-axis, and Z-axis and X-axis motion mechanisms for driving the third spindle mechanism 160 to move along the Z-axis and X-axis. The tool changing device 180 is located next to the turning and milling device 140 and includes a tool magazine 190 for storing milling cutters and turning tools and a tool changing assembly 200.

[0022] The clamping device 110 includes a first spindle mechanism 120, which is a component that clamps the workpiece and rotates it around a vertical axis via a rotary drive unit. Specifically, it can be implemented using a servo motor combined with a chuck, used to drive the workpiece rotation or adjust its angle during machining. The Y-axis motion mechanism 130 is a linear drive unit arranged longitudinally along the machine tool, driving the clamping device 110 to move back and forth. The milling / turning device 140 includes a second spindle mechanism 150 with a tool mounting interface, specifically a motor spindle with a tapered tool holder, allowing for milling / turning function switching by changing the tool. The third spindle mechanism 160 is a rotary drive unit that oscillates around a horizontal axis, enabling tool tilt angle adjustment. The Z-axis motion mechanism 170 is a lifting device that moves vertically, and the X-axis motion mechanism 390 is a slide device that moves laterally; the combination of these two mechanisms forms a spatial positioning capability.

[0023] Specifically, after the workpiece is fixed by the clamping device 110, the first spindle mechanism 120 drives it to rotate around the Z-axis (the first spindle mechanism 120 may not rotate during milling). The Y-axis motion mechanism 130 adjusts the longitudinal position of the workpiece according to the machining requirements. The turning and milling device 140 achieves lateral and vertical positioning through the X and Z-axis motion mechanisms 170, the third spindle mechanism 160 adjusts the tool tilt angle, and the second spindle mechanism 150 drives the tool to perform cutting. When it is necessary to switch machining operations, the tool changer 200 picks up the target tool from the tool magazine 190 and replaces the current tool. Multi-axis linkage allows the tool to contact the workpiece surface at different angles in three-dimensional space, completing turning, milling, and compound machining operations without the need to reclamp the workpiece.

[0024] Compared to existing technologies, the clamping device 110 of a traditional machine tool only has a single rotational degree of freedom, while this solution expands the workpiece motion dimension through the Y-axis motion mechanism 130. Existing milling and turning devices 140 mostly use a fixed-angle spindle; this solution achieves dynamic tool angle adjustment through a third spindle mechanism 160. Conventional tool changing systems require long-distance movement of the robotic arm; this solution arranges the tool magazine 190 adjacent to the machining area, significantly shortening the tool changing stroke. Furthermore, traditional machine tools control each motion axis independently; this solution achieves spatial machining capability through the coordinated movement of the X, Y, and Z axes and the oscillating axis. Through the above technical solutions, this application realizes multi-process continuous machining of the workpiece in a single clamping, eliminating repetitive positioning errors. The adjustable tool angle function makes machining complex curved surfaces possible, reducing process steps. The integrated design of the tool changing device 180 and the machining area shortens non-cutting time and improves machining cycle time. The multi-axis linkage mechanism enhances the machine tool's spatial machining adaptability and expands the range of geometrical complexity of machinable parts.

[0025] This application further proposes that the worktable 100 has an L-shaped cross-section, with the Y-axis motion mechanism 130 positioned at the bottom of the worktable 100 along the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis motion mechanism 390 positioned at the top of the worktable 100 along the X-axis direction. The L-shaped worktable 100 refers to a right-angled structure composed of a vertical plate and a horizontal base plate, which can be formed into an integral frame using casting or welding processes, with internal reinforcing ribs to enhance its resistance to deformation. The X-axis motion mechanism 390 is horizontally positioned at the top to support the lateral feed motion of the milling and turning device 140. The Y-axis motion mechanism 130 is horizontally positioned at the bottom to enable precise movement of the clamping device 110 along the longitudinal direction of the workpiece.

[0026] Compared to existing technologies, traditional vertical machine tools often use a rectangular cross-section worktable 100, with the Y-axis and X-axis motion mechanisms 390 typically concentrated on one side, leading to a shift in the machine tool's center of gravity and resulting in vibration. This solution utilizes an L-shaped cross-section to achieve a partitioned arrangement of the motion mechanisms. The bottom mounting position of the Y-axis motion mechanism 130 and the upper mounting position of the X-axis motion mechanism 390 form a symmetrical layout, lowering and evenly distributing the overall center of gravity of the machine tool. Through this technical solution, this application effectively improves the machining vibration problem caused by insufficient machine tool rigidity. The L-shaped structure of the worktable 100 enhances the bending resistance of the basic frame, the partitioned arrangement of the Y-axis and X-axis motion mechanisms 390 reduces the risk of interference between moving parts, and the synergistic support of the vertical plate and horizontal base plate makes the cutting force transmission path more rational, thereby improving machining stability.

[0027] This application further proposes a Y-axis motion mechanism 130 including a Y-axis slide rail 210, a first slide table 220 mounted on the Y-axis slide rail 210, and a Y-axis motor lead screw (not shown in the figure) that drives the first slide table 220 to move along the Y-axis slide rail 210. A first spindle mechanism 120 is mounted on the first slide table 220. The Y-axis slide rail 210 refers to a linear guide rail extending along the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, specifically a high-precision roller linear guide rail, providing guidance support and a low-friction motion path for the first slide table 220. The first slide table 220 refers to a moving platform mounted on the Y-axis slide rail 210, specifically a cast iron or welded steel structure, used to support and fix the first spindle mechanism 120. The Y-axis motor lead screw refers to a drive assembly composed of a servo motor and a ball screw, specifically a high-precision preloaded ball screw combined with a closed-loop servo control system, which converts rotational motion into linear motion to drive the first slide table 220 to move along the Y-axis slide rail 210. The first spindle mechanism 120 refers to a device with workpiece clamping and rotation functions. Specifically, it can be implemented by using a hydraulic chuck in conjunction with a built-in electric spindle, and its installation position is rigidly connected to the first slide table 220.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of insufficient machining accuracy caused by transmission chain errors in the traditional Y-axis motion mechanism 130 of machine tools. The motor-driven lead screw, combined with a high-precision slide rail, achieves micron-level repeatability positioning accuracy, meeting the collaborative machining needs of precision turning and milling. The integrated design of the slide table and spindle mechanism reduces intermediate transmission links, lowering workpiece position deviations caused by assembly errors.

[0029] This application further proposes that telescopic covers 230 are provided on the front and rear sides of the first slide table 220 above the Y-axis slide rail 210. The telescopic covers 230 are retractable protective structures covering the Y-axis slide rail 210, specifically made of multi-layered folded metal or rubber material. They adapt to the stroke changes during slide table movement through elastic deformation, and their function is to prevent external chips and coolant from intruding into the slide rail. Specifically, the telescopic covers 230 are arranged along the length of the Y-axis slide rail 210, covering the exposed areas of the slide rail on both the front and rear sides of the first slide table 220. When the first slide table 220 moves along the Y-axis slide rail 210, the telescopic covers 230 expand or contract synchronously with the slide table displacement, always maintaining complete coverage of the slide rail. The multi-layered folded structure forms a continuous sealing surface, effectively isolating metal chips, dust, and coolant splashes generated during processing, preventing contaminants from entering the contact surface between the slide rail and the slider.

[0030] Compared to existing technologies, traditional machine tool Y-axis slide rails 210 are typically only equipped with fixed dustproof plates or are completely exposed, failing to completely prevent the penetration of fine chips, leading to accelerated wear of the guide rail. This solution, through the design of a dynamically following telescopic cover 230, provides continuous protection while ensuring the freedom of movement of the slide table, overcoming the shortcomings of insufficient sealing in traditional protective devices. Through the above technical solution, this application can prevent machining debris and liquids from entering the slide rail, avoid the decrease in accuracy caused by foreign object jamming of the guide rail and slider, reduce the maintenance frequency due to contaminant accumulation, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the Y-axis motion mechanism 130.

[0031] This application further proposes a Z-axis motion mechanism 170, including a Z-axis slide rail 240, a lifting frame 250 mounted on the Z-axis slide rail 240, and a Z-axis motor lead screw (not shown in the figure) that drives the lifting frame 250 to move along the Z-axis slide rail 240. A third spindle mechanism 160 is mounted on the lifting frame 250. The Z-axis slide rail 240 refers to a vertically arranged linear guide structure, which can be implemented using a high-precision roller guide, used to constrain the movement trajectory of the lifting frame 250. The lifting frame 250 refers to a moving platform that supports the third spindle mechanism 160, which can be implemented using a cast iron or welded steel structure and connected to the Z-axis slide rail 240 via a sliding seat. The Z-axis motor lead screw refers to a transmission component that drives the lifting frame 250, which can be implemented using a servo motor and a ball screw pair, with the motor output shaft connected to the lead screw via a coupling. The installation position of the third main shaft mechanism 160 refers to fixing the swing drive unit to the surface of the lifting frame 250, which can be achieved by bolt connection, so that the swing axis is perpendicular to the plane of the lifting frame 250.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves high-precision positioning of the milling and turning device 140 in the vertical direction, which can quickly adjust the machining height according to the workpiece size, avoid machining interference caused by insufficient tool stroke, and enhance the rigidity of Z-axis motion to suppress cutting vibration.

[0033] This application further proposes an X-axis motion mechanism 390 including an X-axis slide rail 260, a second slide 270 mounted on the X-axis slide rail 260, and an X-axis motor lead screw (not shown in the figure) that drives the second slide 270 to move along the X-axis slide rail 260. A Z-axis motion mechanism 170 is mounted on the second slide 270. The X-axis slide rail 260 refers to a linear guide rail extending laterally along the machine tool, specifically a high-precision roller linear guide rail, used to provide guidance and support for the second slide 270. The second slide 270 is a load-bearing platform that moves along the X-axis slide rail 260, specifically manufactured from cast iron or welded steel structural components, with bolt holes on its top mounting surface for fixing the Z-axis motion mechanism 170. The X-axis motor lead screw is a drive assembly composed of a servo motor and a ball screw, specifically a preloaded double-nut ball screw pair connected to the motor output shaft with a coupling, realizing the conversion of rotary motion into linear displacement of the slide.

[0034] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves high-precision positioning of the milling and turning device 140 in the X-axis direction, expanding the machining range of the machine tool. During the slide movement, the Z-axis motion mechanism 170 forms a rigid connection with the X-axis drive assembly, reducing the cumulative error during multi-axis linkage. The modular design facilitates adjustment of the slide rail span, adapting to the machining needs of workpieces of different sizes.

[0035] This application further proposes a second spindle mechanism 150 including a rotary motor 280, a first gear 290, and a tool-removing mechanism 300. The rotary motor 280 has a tool mounting shaft 310 with a tool mounting hole 320 for mounting a tool. The first gear 290 is used to lock or release the tool mounting shaft 310, and the tool-removing mechanism 300 is used to push the tool out of the tool mounting hole 320 for tool replacement. The rotary motor 280 is a power device that drives the tool mounting shaft 310 to rotate; it can be a servo motor or a frequency converter motor, and the motor output shaft is directly connected to the tool mounting shaft 310 to transmit torque. The first gear 290 is a locking mechanism with meshing teeth; it can be an indexing plate or an end gear structure, and the tool mounting shaft 310 is rigidly fixed by tooth meshing. The tool-removing mechanism 300 is a mechanical device for separating the tool; it can be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic push rod, and the tool is pushed out of the mounting hole by linear motion. Specifically, during the tool change process, the first gear 290 releases its lock on the tool mounting shaft 310, the tool-removing mechanism 300 pushes the tool axially to disengage it from the mounting hole, the tool changing assembly 200 picks up the old tool, the new tool is inserted into the mounting hole, and the first gear 290 re-engages to fix the tool mounting shaft 310. The rotary motor 280 drives the tool mounting shaft 310 to rotate according to the machining requirements, switching the tool to the angle required for turning or milling.

[0036] Compared to existing technologies, traditional machine tool tool changes require manual adjustment of the tool angle and removal of fixing bolts. This solution, however, achieves rapid tool release and automatic positioning through a gear plate locking mechanism and a 300° linkage between the tool-changing mechanism and the tool-release mechanism, avoiding positioning errors caused by manual intervention. Through this technical solution, this application solves the efficiency bottleneck of multiple manual operations required in traditional tool changing processes. By achieving automatic tool disassembly and angle locking through mechanical linkage, the switching time between milling and turning modes is shortened, while also reducing tool installation deviations caused by human error.

[0037] This application further proposes a third spindle mechanism 160 including a oscillating motor 330 and a second gear 340. The oscillating motor 330 drives the second spindle mechanism 150 to oscillate around the Y-axis, and the second gear 340 locks or releases the output shaft of the oscillating motor 330. The oscillating motor 330 is the power source that drives the second spindle mechanism 150 to oscillate around the Y-axis; it can be implemented using a servo motor or a stepper motor. The machining angle of the tool relative to the workpiece is adjusted by controlling the rotation angle of the oscillating motor 330. The second gear 340 is a locking mechanism for fixing or releasing the output shaft of the oscillating motor 330; it can be implemented using a disc-shaped structure with meshing teeth. When the second gear 340 is engaged, it restricts the rotation of the output shaft; when disengaged, it allows the output shaft to rotate freely. Specifically, the third spindle mechanism 160 drives the second spindle mechanism 150 to oscillate around the Y-axis via the oscillating motor 330, enabling the tool to be adjusted to different tilt angles for machining. After the oscillating motor 330 drives the output shaft to rotate to the target angle, the second gear 340 locks the output shaft through tooth surface engagement to prevent angle deviation caused by external forces during machining. For example, when machining inclined or curved surfaces, the oscillating motor 330 adjusts the second spindle mechanism 150 to a preset tilt angle, and the second gear 340 then locks the output shaft to maintain the stability of this angle, ensuring the accuracy of the cutting path.

[0038] Compared to existing technologies, traditional machine tool spindle mechanisms typically employ a fixed design, making it impossible to adjust the tool angle around the Y-axis. This results in frequent fixture or tool changes when machining complex curved surfaces. This solution, through the cooperation of a swing motor 330 and a second gear 340, enables the tool to dynamically adjust its angle during machining, avoiding positioning errors caused by repeated clamping. Through this technical solution, this application achieves flexible tool angle adjustment, meeting the needs of machining complex curved surfaces. Simultaneously, the gear locking mechanism ensures machining stability, reduces accuracy loss due to angle deviation, and improves machining efficiency and product consistency.

[0039] This application further proposes that the tool changing device 180 also includes a support frame 350 connected to one side of the worktable 100, the tool magazine 190 is mounted on the support frame 350, and the tool changing assembly 200 is mounted on the side of the tool magazine 190 near the milling and turning device 140. The support frame 350 refers to a rigid load-bearing structure for supporting the tool magazine 190, which can be implemented as a welded frame or a bolted metal bracket. Its function is to provide a stable mounting base for the tool magazine 190 and maintain the spatial positioning accuracy of the tool changing assembly 200. In some specific embodiments, the support frame 350 can be designed as a box-shaped structure with reinforcing ribs, for example, welded from a 20 mm thick steel plate, with internal transverse partitions to improve torsional resistance. The tool magazine 190 can adopt a disc-type or chain-type structure, for example, a disc-type tool magazine 190 with a capacity of 24 tool positions, each tool position equipped with an RFID tag for automatic tool identification. The tool changer assembly 200 can be further configured with a vision positioning system, for example, an industrial camera mounted at the end of the tool changer 370, for detecting and compensating for positional deviations of the tool mounting holes 320 in real time.

[0040] This application further proposes a tool changing assembly 200, including a tool changing motor 360 and a tool changing lever 370 disposed at the output end of the tool changing motor 360. The tool changing lever 370 has tool-holding slots 380 at both ends for engaging the tool. The tool changing motor 360 is the power source that drives the tool changing lever 370 to perform the tool changing action; it can be implemented using a servo motor or a stepper motor. Precise control of the rotation angle ensures accurate positioning of the tool changing lever 370. The tool changing lever 370 is a rigid rod that supports tool transfer; it can be implemented using a hollow steel tube or alloy rod structure. Symmetrical tool-holding slots 380 at both ends form a dual-station operation interface. The tool-holding slots 380 are clamping structures that match the shape of the tool shank, achieving rapid tool gripping and release through a mechanical self-locking principle.

[0041] Specifically, the tool changer 370 is driven to rotate axially by the tool changer motor 360. When a tool change is needed, the tool changer 370 rotates 180 degrees so that the two end clamping mouths 380 are aligned with the tool magazine 190 tool pick-up position and the spindle tool return position, respectively. The clamping mouth 380 at the first position grabs the new tool, while the clamping mouth 380 at the second position grabs the old tool to be replaced. The exchange of the new and old tools is completed synchronously through a single rotation. The elastic clamping device 110 inside the clamping mouth 380 automatically closes and locks when it contacts the tool shank, and automatically releases after reaching the target position through pneumatic or mechanical pushing.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, this application realizes the rapid switching of the 140 cutting tools of the milling and turning device, which solves the problem of long processing interruption time caused by multi-step operation in traditional tool changing systems, and enables the machine tool to maintain a high-efficiency operating state during continuous processing. It is particularly suitable for complex parts processing scenarios that require frequent switching between turning and milling operations.

[0043] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated numerical control machine tool, characterized in that, Includes a workbench (100) and components disposed on the workbench (100): The clamping device (110) includes a first spindle mechanism (120) for clamping the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate around the Z-axis, and a Y-axis motion mechanism (130) for driving the first spindle mechanism (120) to move along the Y-axis. The milling and turning device (140) includes a second spindle mechanism (150) located above the clamping device (110) for mounting a turning tool or milling cutter to machine a workpiece, a third spindle mechanism (160) for driving the second spindle mechanism (150) to swing around the Y-axis, a Z-axis motion mechanism (170) for driving the third spindle mechanism (160) to move along the Z-axis, and an X-axis motion mechanism (390) for driving the Z-axis motion mechanism (170) to move along the X-axis. The second spindle mechanism (150) includes a rotary motor (280), a first gear plate (290), and a tool-removing mechanism (300). The rotary motor (280) has a tool mounting shaft (310) with a tool mounting hole (320) for mounting a tool. The first gear plate (290) is used to lock or release the tool mounting shaft (310). The tool-removing mechanism (300) is used to push the tool out of the tool mounting hole (320) for tool replacement. The tool changing device (180), located next to the milling and turning device (140), includes a tool magazine (190) and a tool changing assembly (200). The tool magazine (190) is equipped with milling cutters and turning tools, and the tool changing assembly (200) is used to change tools for the milling and turning device (140).

2. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The worktable (100) has an L-shaped cross section. The Y-axis motion mechanism (130) is located at the bottom of the worktable (100) along the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis motion mechanism (390) is located at the top of the worktable (100) along the X-axis direction.

3. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis motion mechanism (130) includes a Y-axis slide rail (210), a first slide table (220) disposed on the Y-axis slide rail (210), a Y-axis motor lead screw that drives the first slide table (220) to move along the Y-axis slide rail (210), and the first spindle mechanism (120) is disposed on the first slide table (220).

4. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Y-axis slide rail (210) is provided with telescopic covers (230) on the front and rear sides of the first slide table (220).

5. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis motion mechanism (170) includes a Z-axis slide rail (240), a lifting frame (250) disposed on the Z-axis slide rail (240), a Z-axis motor lead screw that drives the lifting frame (250) to move along the Z-axis slide rail (240), and the third main shaft mechanism (160) is mounted on the lifting frame (250).

6. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis motion mechanism (390) includes an X-axis slide rail (260), a second slide table (270) disposed on the X-axis slide rail (260), and an X-axis motor lead screw that drives the second slide table (270) to move along the X-axis slide rail (260). The Z-axis motion mechanism (170) is mounted on the second slide table (270).

7. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third spindle mechanism (160) includes a swing motor (330) and a second gear disk (340). The swing motor (330) is used to drive the second spindle mechanism (150) to swing around the Y-axis, and the second gear disk (340) is used to lock or release the output shaft of the swing motor (330).

8. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool changing device (180) also includes a support frame (350) connected to one side of the worktable (100), the tool magazine (190) is mounted on the support frame (350), and the tool changing assembly (200) is mounted on the side of the tool magazine (190) near the milling and turning device (140).

9. The crossbeam vertical turning and milling integrated CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool changing assembly (200) includes a tool changing motor (360) and a tool changing rod (370) disposed at the output end of the tool changing motor (360). The tool changing rod (370) has a tool-catching slot (380) at both ends for catching the tool.

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