Thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physical field signal coupling

Abstract

This utility model discloses a thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling, including a battery box, a cell module located inside the battery box, a temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor located inside the battery box, a signal coupling processing module, an alarm light, an electromagnetic pressure relief valve installed on the battery box, a cooling plate attached to the cell module, and a cooling pump connected to the cooling plate. The input end of the signal coupling processing module is connected to the temperature sensor and the gas pressure sensor respectively, and the output end of the signal coupling processing module is connected to the alarm light, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the cooling pump respectively. The device performs real-time monitoring and coupling analysis of the temperature and gas pressure of the cell module, determines the stage of thermal runaway evolution through multi-parameter coupling analysis, and triggers the alarm light, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the cooling pump in stages, while purifying the exhaust gas. This achieves accurate identification, rapid response, and protection against early thermal runaway anomalies, significantly improving the safety, reliability, and intelligence level of the battery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations, electric ships, and portable electronic devices, lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream electrochemical energy storage devices due to their advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and no memory effect. However, under abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, high-temperature operation, and mechanical abuse, lithium batteries are prone to thermal runaway, leading to a sharp increase in battery temperature, the release of large amounts of toxic and harmful gases, and even serious safety accidents such as fires and explosions, posing a great threat to personal safety, property safety, and the environment.

[0003] Thermal runaway is one of the most serious safety problems of lithium batteries. It typically occurs in multiple stages: from early abnormal rise in cell temperature, electrolyte decomposition, and gas production, to separator melting and exacerbated internal short circuits, ultimately triggering a violent chain reaction of exothermic heat. The internal temperature of the battery can instantly rise to over 800°C, accompanied by flame ejection and explosion. During this process, a large amount of high-temperature gases (such as CO2, CO, HF, HCl), flammable gases (such as H2, hydrocarbons), corrosive gases (such as HF), and fumes are generated inside the battery, which not only damages the battery system itself but may also endanger surrounding equipment and personnel.

[0004] Existing technologies often employ single physical quantity monitoring, such as temperature or pressure alone, and independent control, such as only depressurization or only cooling. They lack multi-parameter coupling analysis and system-level linkage control, resulting in insufficient early warning capabilities for thermal runaway, delayed response, and scattered protective measures. This makes it difficult to effectively suppress the occurrence or spread of thermal runaway, especially in energy storage systems or electric vehicle battery packs with densely packed batteries, where safety hazards remain prominent. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to disclose a thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling. By collecting temperature and gas pressure signals, the device monitors and couples the temperature and pressure of the battery cell module in real time. Through multi-parameter coupling analysis, it determines the stage of thermal runaway evolution, triggers alarm lights, electromagnetic pressure relief valves, and cooling pumps in stages, and purifies the exhaust gas. This achieves accurate identification, rapid response, and protection against early thermal runaway anomalies, significantly improving the safety, reliability, and intelligence level of the battery system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling, including a battery box, a cell module located inside the battery box, a temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor located inside the battery box, a signal coupling processing module, an alarm light, an electromagnetic pressure relief valve installed on the battery box, a filter mechanism connected to the exhaust port of the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, a cooling plate attached to the cell module, a cooling pump connected to the cooling plate, and a heat dissipation plate connected to the cooling pump; the input end of the signal coupling processing module is connected to the temperature sensor and the gas pressure sensor respectively, and the output end of the signal coupling processing module is connected to the alarm light, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the cooling pump respectively.

[0007] In some embodiments, the filtration mechanism includes a housing and a partitioned filter screen located within the housing; the partitioned filter screen divides the housing into an upper region and a lower region, the upper region being filled with calcium hydroxide particles and the lower region being filled with activated carbon particles loaded with platinum and palladium.

[0008] In some embodiments, bolts, nuts, and nut washers are also included; cooling plates are attached to both sides of the battery cell module, and the two cooling plates are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts to make the cooling plates fit tightly against the battery cell module, and the two cooling plates are connected by a water pipe.

[0009] In some embodiments, a thermal pad is sandwiched between the cooling plate and the battery cell module.

[0010] In some embodiments, one cooling plate outlet is connected to a cooling pump inlet, the cooling pump outlet is connected to a heat sink inlet, and the heat sink outlet is connected to another cooling plate inlet.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cooling plate has a meandering flow channel.

[0012] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is located near the surface of the battery cell module, and the gas pressure sensor is located near the side wall of the battery case.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: by collecting temperature and gas pressure signals, the temperature and gas pressure of the cell module are monitored and coupled in real time, and the thermal runaway evolution stage is judged through multi-parameter coupling analysis. The alarm lights, electromagnetic pressure relief valves and cooling pumps are triggered in stages, and the exhaust gas is purified. This realizes accurate identification, rapid response and protection against early abnormalities of thermal runaway, and significantly improves the safety, reliability and intelligence level of the battery system. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling shown in this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The installation diagram of the cooling plate is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent transformations or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] like Figure 1 and 2 The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling shown includes a battery box 1, a cell module 2 located inside the battery box 1, a temperature sensor 41 and a gas pressure sensor 42 located inside the battery box 1.

[0018] The temperature sensor 41 is located near the surface of the cell module 2, and the gas pressure sensor 42 is located near the inner wall of the battery box 1, so as to facilitate timely detection of temperature and pressure changes during the thermal runaway process of the cell module 2.

[0019] It also includes an electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6 installed on the battery box 1, and a filter mechanism connected to the exhaust port of the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6. The electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6 is connected to the battery box 1 via a flange. The filter mechanism includes a housing 7 and a separator filter screen 71 located inside the housing 7. The upper and lower covers of the housing 7 are installed with screws for easy opening and closing to fill filter material. The separator filter screen 71 is used to separate the filter material.

[0020] The separator filter 71 divides the housing 7 into an upper region and a lower region. The upper region is filled with calcium hydroxide particles 72, which are mainly used to neutralize acidic gases such as CO2, HF, HCl, SO2, etc. The lower region is filled with activated carbon particles 73 loaded with platinum and palladium, which are mainly used to adsorb residual harmful gases, catalytically oxidize CO, and catalytically decompose VOCs, etc., thus purifying the gases generated during thermal runaway, reducing their toxicity and corrosiveness, and being environmentally friendly and friendly to workers.

[0021] It also includes a cooling plate 3 that is attached to the battery cell module 2, a cooling pump 8 connected to the cooling plate 3, and a heat sink 9 connected to the cooling pump 8. Specifically, the outlet of one cooling plate 3 is connected to the inlet of the cooling pump 8, the outlet of the cooling pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the heat sink 9, and the outlet of the heat sink 9 is connected to the inlet of another cooling plate 3, for rapidly cooling the battery cell module 2.

[0022] Cooling plates 3 are attached to both sides of the battery cell module 2 to facilitate rapid and uniform cooling of the module and prevent serious accidents. The system also includes bolts 34, nuts 35, and nut washers. Positioning holes 32 are provided at the four corners of the cooling plates 3. Two cooling plates 3 are fixedly connected by bolts 34 and nuts 35 to ensure the cooling plates 3 are tightly attached to the battery cell module 2. The two cooling plates 3 are connected by a water pipe 36, allowing the coolant in their flow channels 31 to communicate.

[0023] The cooling plate 3 has a meandering flow channel 31, which increases the cooling area and improves the cooling efficiency. The flow channel 31 contains a coolant such as water, ethylene glycol solution, oil, or phase change material.

[0024] A thermal pad 33 is sandwiched between the cooling plate 3 and the cell module 2. On the one hand, this enhances the assembly adaptability. The thermal pad 33 can completely fill the gap between the cooling plate 3 and the cell module 2, increase the effective heat conduction surface, improve the heat conduction efficiency between the cooling plate 3 and the cell module 2, optimize heat dissipation performance, and ensure that the battery operates within a safe temperature range. On the other hand, it can reduce the direct hard contact between the cooling plate 3 and the cell module 2, and avoid damage to the cell caused by vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, or excessive pressure.

[0025] It also includes a signal coupling processing module 4 and an alarm light 5. The input terminals of the signal coupling processing module 4 are connected to the temperature sensor 41 and the gas pressure sensor 42, respectively, and the output terminals of the signal coupling processing module 4 are connected to the alarm light 5, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6, and the cooling pump 8, respectively.

[0026] Temperature sensor 41 collects temperature signals, and gas pressure sensor 42 collects gas pressure signals. The coupling processing module 4 performs coupling analysis based on the received temperature and pressure signals. For example, a simultaneous increase in temperature and pressure indicates a high risk of thermal runaway, triggering a Level 1 warning; a rapid increase in temperature without a change in pressure suggests potential localized overheating, triggering a Level 2 warning (if the temperature exceeds the normal range, e.g., greater than 80°C, then a Level 1 warning is triggered); a sudden increase in pressure without a significant change in temperature indicates potential gas leakage or other abnormalities, triggering a Level 2 warning (if the pressure exceeds the normal range, e.g., greater than 20 kPa, then a Level 1 warning is triggered). The signal coupling processing module 4 outputs the following based on the analysis results: a Level 2 warning illuminates the alarm light 5, while a Level 1 warning opens the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6 and the cooling pump 8. To prevent heat spread, the output of the signal coupling processing module 4 is also connected to a relay (HF32F / 005-2ZS(24VDC)) that controls the main circuit of the battery cell module 2. During a Level 1 warning, the battery cell module 2 is powered off.

[0027] The electrical connections are as follows: Temperature sensor 41 and gas pressure sensor 42 are both connected to the analog input channel of signal coupling processing module 4; DO channel of signal coupling processing module 4 → relay / direct drive circuit → alarm light 5 positive terminal, alarm light 5 negative terminal → 24V power supply GND; DO channel of signal coupling processing module 4 → relay → cooling pump 8 power supply circuit (controls on / off); DO channel of signal coupling processing module 4 → solenoid valve drive circuit (such as MOSFET bridge arm or relay) → solenoid pressure relief valve 6 coil.

[0028] For example, the following models can be used to achieve the above functions: the signal coupling processing module is ADAM-6217+STM32+ADAM-6520, the temperature sensor 41 is LM35, the gas pressure sensor 2 is MPX5010DP, the alarm light 5 is a 24V red / yellow LED alarm light, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve 6 is an SMC / Bürkert DC24V solenoid valve, and the cooling pump 8 is a DDC-1 Plus 24V.

[0029] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible implementations of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent implementations or modifications made without departing from the spirit of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling, characterized in that, The device includes a battery box, a battery cell module located inside the battery box, a temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor located inside the battery box, a signal coupling processing module, an alarm light, an electromagnetic pressure relief valve mounted on the battery box, a filter mechanism connected to the exhaust port of the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, a cooling plate attached to the battery cell module, a cooling pump connected to the cooling plate, and a heat sink connected to the cooling pump; the input terminals of the signal coupling processing module are connected to the temperature sensor and the gas pressure sensor respectively, and the output terminals of the signal coupling processing module are connected to the alarm light, the electromagnetic pressure relief valve, and the cooling pump respectively.

2. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtration mechanism includes a housing and a partitioned filter screen located inside the housing; the partitioned filter screen divides the housing into an upper region and a lower region, the upper region being filled with calcium hydroxide particles and the lower region being filled with activated carbon particles loaded with platinum and palladium.

3. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes bolts, nuts, and nut washers; cooling plates are attached to both sides of the battery cell module, and the two cooling plates are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts to make the cooling plates fit tightly against the battery cell module, and the two cooling plates are connected by water pipes.

4. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, A thermal pad is sandwiched between the cooling plate and the battery cell module.

5. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that, One cooling plate outlet is connected to the cooling pump inlet, the cooling pump outlet is connected to the heat sink inlet, and the heat sink outlet is connected to the other cooling plate inlet.

6. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling plate has a meandering flow channel.

7. The thermal runaway prevention and early warning device based on multi-physics field signal coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature sensor is located near the surface of the battery cell module, and the gas pressure sensor is located near the side wall of the battery box.

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