Layered water guide and anti-seepage structure for tunnel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a layered water guide and anti -infiltration structure for tunnel, including tunnel main part, the outside of tunnel main part is provided with the out period support, the bottom of out period support is connected with water guide structure, one side of water guide structure is provided with anti -infiltration layer, the bottom of anti -infiltration layer is connected with secondary lining, and the bottom of tunnel main part is installed with drainage pipeline and filter screen pipe, and water guide structure includes water guide groove, fast water guide layer, filter layer, fine filtration pressure stabilization layer and closed layer, and anti -infiltration layer includes main anti -infiltration layer, honeycomb leak layer and inner lining sealing layer, through the out period support, water guide structure, anti -infiltration layer are arranged in tunnel main part and secondary lining between in proper order, form multifunctional composite interlayer structure, realized " hierarchical water guide - filter pressure stabilization - closed anti -infiltration " integrated function streamline, compared with the existing blind ditch single path drainage structure, can improve seepage collection speed and export efficiency greatly, avoids the structural damage and inner lining leakage risk caused by water pressure accumulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engineering structure protection, and in particular to a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction and long-term operation, especially in areas with abundant groundwater or frequent structural fissures, effectively guiding groundwater out of the main tunnel structure while preventing water seepage into the secondary lining becomes a core issue in ensuring tunnel durability, safety, and long-term service performance. Therefore, constructing a tunnel perimeter support system with hierarchical drainage paths and composite seepage prevention structures has become a key focus of research and engineering practice in this field.

[0003] Currently, most tunnel drainage structures adopt a single-layer blind drain + waterproof membrane + secondary lining form. A typical example is Chinese patent CN104197445A, which describes a tunnel drainage structure and construction method. Its structure mainly includes a layer of blind drain material, a layer of waterproof membrane and standard secondary lining. The design is simple, but it is not capable of handling surface water, large amounts of groundwater or sudden water inrush. It has low water conduction efficiency and poor water filtration capacity. Under groundwater conditions mixed with silt, it is more likely to cause blind drain blockage and pipe water accumulation.

[0004] In engineering environments with abundant water resources, numerous underground fissures, or fractured surrounding rock, tunnel construction often faces abnormal risks such as secondary lining leakage, localized arch voids, lining cracking, and even arch wall collapse due to drainage system failure. These problems are mostly caused by the following situations: groundwater flows into the blind drain at too fast a filtration rate, and fine particles easily accumulate and block the water conduction path; seepage water seeps back into the lining through gaps in the waterproofing membrane; and the sealing waterproofing material bulges and breaks due to unidirectional pressure, forming new seepage paths. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels, comprising a tunnel body, an outer support for the tunnel body, a water-guiding structure connected to the bottom of the outer support, a seepage-proof layer on one side of the water-guiding structure, a secondary lining connected to the bottom of the seepage-proof layer, a drainage pipe and a filter screen installed at the bottom of the tunnel body, the water-guiding structure comprising a water-guiding channel, a rapid water-guiding layer, a limiting filter layer, a fine filtration and pressure-stabilizing layer and a sealing layer, and the seepage-proof layer comprising a main seepage-proof layer, a honeycomb perforated layer and an inner lining sealing layer.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The initial support is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the tunnel body, the secondary lining is fixedly connected to the inner layer of the tunnel body, the water-guiding structure is fixedly connected between the initial support and the seepage-proof layer, and the seepage-proof layer is fixedly connected between the water-guiding structure and the secondary lining.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The drainage pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel body, and the filter screen is fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe and the filter screen are installed inside the ground.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The water guiding channel is formed on the surface of the water guiding structure, the rapid water guiding layer is fixedly connected to one side of the water guiding channel, the filter limiting layer is fixedly connected to one side of the rapid water guiding layer, and the rapid water guiding layer is made of a high porosity drainage material.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: The fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer is fixedly connected between the limiting filtration layer and the sealing layer. The sealing layer is fixedly connected to one side of the fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer. The fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer is composed of a permeation-type composite material.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The sealing layer is fixedly connected to the main seepage-proof layer, the main seepage-proof layer is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the seepage-proof layer, the honeycomb perforated layer is fixedly connected between the main seepage-proof layer and the inner lining sealing layer, the inner lining sealing layer is fixedly connected to one side of the honeycomb perforated layer, the main seepage-proof layer is a continuous polymer waterproof membrane layer, and the inner lining sealing layer is a penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer sprayed on the inner surface of the secondary lining.

[0012] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: This utility model forms a multifunctional composite sandwich structure by sequentially arranging primary support, water guiding structure, and seepage prevention layer between the tunnel body and secondary lining. It realizes an integrated functional flow line of "graded water guiding - limited filtration and pressure stabilization - closed seepage prevention". Compared with the existing blind ditch single-path drainage structure, it can significantly improve the seepage collection speed and discharge efficiency, and avoid structural damage and lining leakage risks caused by water pressure accumulation.

[0013] The water guiding structure comprises a water guiding channel, a rapid water guiding layer, a limiting filtration layer, a fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer, and a sealing layer. Each layer functions independently yet is interconnected. In particular, the rapid water guiding layer uses a high-porosity drainage material, possessing high permeability and high flow characteristics. The limiting filtration layer and the fine filtration layer can sequentially block coarse and fine impurities, significantly reducing the probability of system blockage and ensuring the long-term unobstructed flow of the drainage channel and the drainage reliability of the structure.

[0014] The seepage barrier adopts a composite structure design of "main seepage barrier layer + honeycomb perforated layer + inner lining sealing layer". The main seepage barrier layer is composed of continuous polymer waterproof membrane, which has good integrity and impermeability. The honeycomb perforated layer has the function of water pressure diffusion and pressure relief channels, which can effectively reduce the local water head concentration effect. The inner lining sealing layer is a penetrating crystalline waterproof material with self-healing properties, which can automatically seal micro-cracks or capillary pores, thereby improving the overall seepage barrier level and long-term service capability of the system.

[0015] Drainage pipes and filter screens are installed at the bottom of the tunnel body and embedded underground. This allows for the centralized discharge of water from the water-guiding structure. At the same time, the filter screens prevent silt and sand from being blocked, ensuring the stable operation of the drainage channel and reducing maintenance intensity. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels proposed in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels proposed in this utility model. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seepage-proof layer of a layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels proposed in this utility model.

[0017] Legend: 1. Tunnel main body; 2. Exit support; 3. Water guiding structure; 4. Anti-seepage layer; 5. Secondary lining; 6. Drainage pipe; 7. Filter mesh pipe; 31. Water guiding channel; 32. Rapid water guiding layer; 33. Filter limiting layer; 34. Fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer; 35. Sealing layer; 41. Main anti-seepage layer; 42. Honeycomb perforated layer; 43. Inner lining sealing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-4 One embodiment provided by this utility model: Example

[0021] A layered water-guiding and seepage-proof structure for tunnels includes a tunnel body 1, an outer support 2 on the outside of the tunnel body 1, a water-guiding structure 3 connected to the bottom of the outer support 2, a seepage-proof layer 4 on one side of the water-guiding structure 3, a secondary lining 5 connected to the bottom of the seepage-proof layer 4, a drainage pipe 6 and a filter screen 7 installed at the bottom of the tunnel body 1, the water-guiding structure 3 including a water-guiding channel 31, a rapid water-guiding layer 32, a filter limiting layer 33, a fine filter and pressure-stabilizing layer 34 and a sealing layer 35, and the seepage-proof layer 4 including a main seepage-proof layer 41, a honeycomb perforated layer 42 and an inner lining sealing layer 43.

[0022] Working principle and usage process: This invention relates to a layered water guiding and seepage prevention structure for tunnels. The whole structure is based on a composite construction principle that combines "structural hierarchical distribution - seepage path guidance - multi-layer filtration and pressure stabilization - seepage barrier sealing". In response to the problems of poor drainage, frequent blockage and weak seepage prevention in existing tunnel drainage systems, a multi-functional zoned structure system suitable for the outer space of the tunnel body is proposed. While taking into account water guiding efficiency, filter layer protection and seepage prevention capabilities, it also has the functional characteristics of active pressure relief and water flow stabilization.

[0023] A structural interlayer is formed between the primary support 2 and the secondary lining 5, which is used to lay the water-conducting structure 3 and the seepage-proof layer 4. The water guiding structure 3 includes, in sequence: a water guiding groove 31 on the surface, a connected rapid water guiding layer 32, a further limiting filtration layer 33, a middle fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer 34, and an innermost sealing layer 35, forming a graded water guiding, filtration, and pressure stabilizing channel. The seepage-proof layer 4 is provided with a main seepage-proof layer 41, a honeycomb perforated layer 42 and an inner lining sealing layer 43 in sequence, which constitutes a triple seepage-proof structure from the outside to the inside, and improves the overall sealing and seepage resistance performance. The bottom of the tunnel is equipped with drainage pipes 6 and an outer filter screen 7 to achieve centralized drainage after water collects from multiple paths.

[0024] In actual use, when seepage water from the surrounding rock of the tunnel infiltrates through the outer perimeter of the structure, the water first enters the drainage channel 31 along the initial support and rapidly diffuses in the rapid drainage layer 32, reducing local water pressure. Next, it undergoes preliminary sediment interception in the filter layer 33, followed by fine particle separation and flow rate slowing treatment in the fine filtration and pressure stabilization layer 34, ensuring that subsequent structures are not blocked. The treated water flow is ultimately restricted at the sealing layer 35 or enters the main seepage prevention area.

[0025] If residual water pressure enters the seepage prevention system, the polymer membrane of the main seepage prevention layer 41 forms a complete barrier, and the pressure is diffused through the honeycomb perforated layer 42 to prevent the formation of stress concentration areas. The internal lining sealing layer 43 is constructed with a penetrating crystalline waterproof material, which can achieve self-repair function even with micro-seepage through crystal sealing. All collected water flows are finally concentrated in the bottom drainage pipe 6 and discharged after being purified by the filter pipe 7, avoiding backflow into the structure and ensuring the dryness and stability of the tunnel body during long-term service.

[0026] Through the above structural design and functional layering, this structure effectively solves the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as single drainage path, easy clogging of filter layer, poor continuity of anti-seepage structure and high maintenance difficulty. It is particularly suitable for long tunnel projects under complex working conditions such as passing through high water pressure strata, weak surrounding rock, and fault fracture zone. Example

[0027] The initial support 2 is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the tunnel body 1, the secondary lining 5 is fixedly connected to the inner layer of the tunnel body 1, the water guiding structure 3 is fixedly connected between the initial support 2 and the seepage prevention layer 4, and the seepage prevention layer 4 is fixedly connected between the water guiding structure 3 and the secondary lining 5.

[0028] The drainage pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel body 1, and the filter pipe 7 is fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage pipe 6. The drainage pipe 6 and the filter pipe 7 are installed inside the ground.

[0029] The advantages of this embodiment two over the prior art are as follows: By fixing the initial support 2 to the outer layer of the tunnel body 1, and embedding the water-conducting structure 3 and the seepage-proof layer 4 between it and the inner secondary lining 5, a composite structure sandwich with a clear hierarchical distribution is formed. This not only realizes the logical decoupling and functional integration between structures in terms of spatial arrangement, but also optimizes the stress transmission path and seepage control channel between each structural layer, effectively improving the continuity, stability and maintenance convenience of the waterproofing system.

[0030] In particular, the nested arrangement between the water-conducting structure 3 and the seepage-proof layer 4 breaks through the existing structural form of "blind ditch + single-layer waterproof membrane", realizing the functional transition from rapid water conduction to limited filtration and pressure stabilization to closed guidance and control to active seepage prevention. This enables the tunnel structure to have stronger water flow guidance, particle retention and water pressure regulation capabilities when facing complex geological conditions such as fault zones and areas with abundant groundwater, significantly reducing the risk of water pressure concentration between structural layers.

[0031] In addition, the embodiment also integrates the drainage pipe 6 and the filter pipe 7 at the bottom of the tunnel body and pre-buried them underground, forming a closed drainage channel system with the upper water guiding structure. This can effectively prevent problems such as sediment backflow, sand upflow, and drainage path blockage, and improve the stability and operational reliability of the drainage system. Example

[0032] A water channel 31 is formed on the surface of the water guiding structure 3, a rapid water guiding layer 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the water channel 31, and a filter layer 33 is fixedly connected to one side of the rapid water guiding layer 32. The rapid water guiding layer 32 is made of a high porosity drainage material.

[0033] The fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer 34 is fixedly connected between the filtration limiting layer 33 and the sealing layer 35. The sealing layer 35 is fixedly connected to one side of the fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer 34. The fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer 34 is made of percolation type composite material.

[0034] The improvement of the implementation scheme of this embodiment compared with the prior art is that: by sequentially setting a water guiding channel 31, a rapid water guiding layer 32, a filter limiting layer 33, a fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer 34 and a sealing layer 35 in the water guiding structure 3, this embodiment constructs a multi-level diversion and pressure stabilizing water guiding system with clear functional zoning and flow direction control, which has achieved a substantial improvement in drainage efficiency, filtration accuracy and structural stability.

[0035] Among them, the rapid water-conducting layer 32 is made of high-porosity drainage material, which has high permeability and low flow resistance. It can quickly disperse water flow in extreme situations such as sudden concentrated seepage or water inrush, reduce water pressure accumulation in a certain area of ​​the tunnel structure, and thus avoid the risk of local water head surge or "water bag effect". In conjunction with the water-conducting channel 31, it further enhances the rapid discharge capacity of the water-conducting channel and constructs a primary flow system of "horizontal guidance - gravity discharge". Example

[0036] The sealing layer 35 is fixedly connected to the main seepage barrier layer 41, which is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the seepage barrier layer 4. The honeycomb perforated layer 42 is fixedly connected between the main seepage barrier layer 41 and the inner lining sealing layer 43. The inner lining sealing layer 43 is fixedly connected to one side of the honeycomb perforated layer 42. The main seepage barrier layer 41 is a continuous polymer waterproof membrane layer, and the inner lining sealing layer 43 is a penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer sprayed on the inner surface of the secondary lining.

[0037] The improvement of the implementation scheme of this embodiment compared with the prior art is that: by forming a stable connection between the sealing layer 35 and the main seepage-proof layer 41, and by sequentially arranging the honeycomb perforated layer 42 and the inner lining sealing layer 43 between the main seepage-proof layer 41 and the secondary lining 5, a composite seepage-proof system structure with the ability of "continuous seepage prevention - pressure relief regulation - inner lining self-healing" is constructed, which effectively makes up for the structural seepage hazards caused by point failure or joint leakage of traditional single-layer waterproof membrane.

[0038] Among them, the main seepage-proof layer 41 is laid with continuous polymer waterproof membrane, forming a closed waterproof barrier on the outer layer of the structure. It has strong physical connection and high interface density, which significantly improves the overall system's resistance to hydrostatic pressure and waterproof continuity. It overcomes the problems that the existing technology, which mostly uses "spot welding, stitching, and single-sided pressing" arrangement methods, is prone to causing joint separation and cracking due to thermal expansion and contraction.

[0039] The honeycomb perforated layer 42 located on its inner side has a micro-pressure relief perforation structure evenly distributed inside. When stress concentration, water pressure accumulation or potential seepage points are formed in a local area of ​​the main seepage prevention layer, the honeycomb channels can quickly guide and divide the pressure, construct a dynamic adjustment path with multi-directional pressure relief and diffusion control, significantly alleviate the problem of sudden stress increase inside the structure, and prevent structural damage or blistering and peeling of the waterproof layer caused by stress concentration in the outer layer.

[0040] The further added inner lining sealing layer 43 is a penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer sprayed onto the inner surface of the secondary lining. In an aquatic environment, it can undergo a penetration reaction with the concrete interface to form a microcrystalline structure that fills microcracks and capillaries, possessing the triple characteristics of self-healing, enhanced seepage prevention, and structural integration. This layer not only improves the sealing ability of the innermost layer of the structure, but also continuously exerts a self-closing effect when micro-seepage occurs, reducing the frequency of maintenance and maintenance costs.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels, comprising a tunnel body (1), characterized in that: The outer side of the tunnel body (1) is provided with an exit support (2), the bottom of the exit support (2) is connected to a water guiding structure (3), one side of the water guiding structure (3) is provided with an anti-seepage layer (4), the bottom of the anti-seepage layer (4) is connected to a secondary lining (5), the bottom of the tunnel body (1) is provided with a drainage pipe (6) and a filter pipe (7), the water guiding structure (3) includes a water guiding channel (31), a rapid water guiding layer (32), a limited filtration layer (33), a fine filtration and pressure stabilizing layer (34) and a sealing layer (35), the anti-seepage layer (4) includes a main anti-seepage layer (41), a honeycomb perforated layer (42) and an inner lining sealing layer (43).

2. The layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial support (2) is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the tunnel body (1), the secondary lining (5) is fixedly connected to the inner layer of the tunnel body (1), the water-conducting structure (3) is fixedly connected between the initial support (2) and the seepage-proof layer (4), and the seepage-proof layer (4) is fixedly connected between the water-conducting structure (3) and the secondary lining (5).

3. The layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel body (1), and the filter pipe (7) is fixedly connected to the surface of the drainage pipe (6). The drainage pipe (6) and the filter pipe (7) are installed inside the ground.

4. The layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water channel (31) is formed on the surface of the water guiding structure (3), the rapid water guiding layer (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the water channel (31), the filter limiting layer (33) is fixedly connected to one side of the rapid water guiding layer (32), and the rapid water guiding layer (32) is made of a high porosity drainage material.

5. A layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine filtration pressure stabilizing layer (34) is fixedly connected between the limiting filtration layer (33) and the sealing layer (35). The sealing layer (35) is fixedly connected to one side of the fine filtration pressure stabilizing layer (34). The fine filtration pressure stabilizing layer (34) is made of percolating composite material.

6. A layered water-diverting and seepage-proof structure for tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing layer (35) is fixedly connected to the main seepage barrier layer (41), the main seepage barrier layer (41) is fixedly connected to the outer layer of the seepage barrier layer (4), the honeycomb perforated layer (42) is fixedly connected between the main seepage barrier layer (41) and the inner lining sealing layer (43), the inner lining sealing layer (43) is fixedly connected to one side of the honeycomb perforated layer (42), the main seepage barrier layer (41) is a continuous polymer waterproof membrane layer, and the inner lining sealing layer (43) is a penetrating crystalline waterproof material layer sprayed on the inner surface of the secondary lining.

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