A composite photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for solar technology field provides a kind of composite photovoltaic module, it includes photovoltaic module, light and heat module and frame, photovoltaic module includes perovskite battery group and the crystalline silicon battery group being arranged below perovskite battery group.Light and heat module includes upper air flow channel, lower air flow channel, heat collecting plate, foam metal layer and heat preservation layer.Frame is arranged around the outer periphery of photovoltaic module and light and heat module, first aperture and second aperture are set on frame, first aperture is communicated with cold air inlet, and second aperture is communicated with hot air outlet.Photovoltaic module is composed of perovskite battery group and crystalline silicon battery group, perovskite battery group and crystalline silicon battery group can absorb different wavelength light intensity, with the advantage of improving solar full spectrum utilization rate, because the double air flow channel and heat preservation measure setting of light and heat module setting, so solve the problem of low photovoltaic module heat energy utilization rate and water pipe freezing in severe cold area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of solar energy technology, and in particular relates to a composite photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by current global warming, energy shortages, and rising fossil fuel prices, renewable energy technologies, especially photovoltaic (PV) technology, have developed rapidly. However, PV technology still faces a key challenge: in the process of converting solar energy into electricity, up to 70-80% of the solar energy is either reflected or converted into heat, causing the temperature of PV cells to rise and severely limiting their performance. To improve the photoelectric efficiency of PV cells, excess heat must be effectively handled. Wolf proposed a solution that combines photovoltaic and photothermal harvesting, defined as a PVT module. This module can simultaneously generate electricity and collect heat, achieving integrated utilization of solar photovoltaic and photothermal energy.

[0003] However, existing PVT modules suffer from the following technical drawbacks: First, they rely on a single type of solar cell for photoelectric conversion, failing to fully utilize solar energy across different wavelengths. For example, traditional crystalline silicon modules have low absorption efficiency for short-wavelength light, while perovskite cells, although sensitive to short-wavelength light, struggle to cover the full spectrum when used alone, thus limiting solar energy utilization. Second, existing PVT modules offer limited solar thermal utilization, restricting their applicability. Hot water PVT modules are prone to failure in cold regions during winter due to frozen water pipes; hot air PVT modules are only suitable for heating in winter or humid regions, with significantly reduced solar thermal efficiency in other seasons or climates, hindering year-round high-efficiency utilization. Furthermore, existing technologies lack effective mechanisms for regulating the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules, making it difficult to adapt to different climatic conditions and resulting in poor adaptability of existing PVT modules, failing to meet diverse energy demands. Utility Model Content

[0004] The composite photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment of the present invention aims to solve the technical problem that existing photovoltaic modules have poor adaptability and cannot meet diverse energy demands.

[0005] This utility model is implemented as follows: a composite photovoltaic module includes:

[0006] A photovoltaic module, comprising a perovskite cell array and a crystalline silicon cell array disposed below the perovskite cell array;

[0007] A solar thermal module includes an upper airflow channel, a lower airflow channel, a heat-collecting plate, a foam metal layer, and an insulation layer. The upper airflow channel is disposed between the photovoltaic module and the solar thermal module. The lower airflow channel is disposed below the crystalline silicon battery pack. The heat-collecting plate is attached to the lower side of the photovoltaic backsheet of the crystalline silicon battery pack. The foam metal layer is disposed inside the lower airflow channel. The insulation layer is disposed below the lower airflow channel and covers the outer side of the lower airflow channel.

[0008] A frame is provided around the outer periphery of the photovoltaic module and the photothermal module. The frame has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening is connected to a cold air inlet, and the second opening is connected to a hot air outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the perovskite solar cell assembly includes, from top to bottom, a first glass, a film, a perovskite solar cell, a film, and a second glass; the crystalline silicon solar cell assembly includes, from top to bottom, a third glass, a film, a crystalline silicon solar cell, a film, and the photovoltaic backsheet; and the upper airflow channel is disposed between the second glass and the third glass.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper airflow channel is provided with a plurality of upper air baffles, which are spaced apart within the upper airflow channel;

[0011] The lower airflow channel is provided with multiple lower air baffles, which are spaced apart within the lower airflow channel. The upper air baffle and the lower air baffle are used to guide the airflow path.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal foam layer comprises a plurality of metal foam blocks, with adjacent metal foam blocks separated by a lower air baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module also includes a hot water concentrator assembly, which includes an inlet pipe, multiple vertical water pipes, and an outlet pipe. One end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes is connected to the inlet pipe and is spaced apart. The other end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes is connected to the outlet pipe and is also spaced apart. Each vertical water pipe is embedded within a metal foam block.

[0014] Furthermore, the first opening is located on one side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel;

[0015] The second opening is located on the other side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel;

[0016] The hot air outlet includes a first outlet, which is connected to the second opening.

[0017] Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module also includes an adjustment component, which is disposed in the upper airflow channel. When the temperature in the upper airflow channel reaches the power threshold of the perovskite cell array, or when the composite photovoltaic module is mainly converted by the perovskite cell array, the adjustment component operates to adjust the airflow direction.

[0018] Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module also includes a thermochromic film, which is disposed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic backsheet. The thermochromic film changes its light absorption efficiency at a preset temperature to adjust the heat concentration intensity.

[0019] Furthermore, the cold air inlet 403 is located below the hot air outlet.

[0020] Furthermore, the first opening is located on one side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel;

[0021] The second opening is located on the same side as the first opening and is flush with the upper airflow channel;

[0022] The hot air outlet includes a second outlet, which is connected to the second opening.

[0023] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows: since the photovoltaic module is composed of perovskite battery packs and crystalline silicon batteries, the perovskite battery packs and crystalline silicon battery packs can absorb light intensities of different wavelengths, which has the advantage of improving the utilization rate of the entire solar energy spectrum. Due to the dual air flow channels and heat preservation measures set in the photothermal module, the problems of low thermal energy utilization rate of photovoltaic modules and water pipe freezing in extremely cold regions are solved. Therefore, the composite photovoltaic module of this application simultaneously achieves the advantages of efficient utilization of solar energy and stable operation and efficient output of thermal energy in extremely cold environments, making the composite photovoltaic module highly adaptable and able to meet diverse energy needs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the composite photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is another planar schematic diagram of the composite photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is another planar schematic diagram of the composite photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the composite photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is another planar schematic diagram of the composite photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0030] Existing PVT modules suffer from the following technical shortcomings: First, they rely on a single type of solar cell for photoelectric conversion, failing to fully utilize solar energy across different wavelengths. For example, traditional crystalline silicon modules have low absorption efficiency for short-wavelength light, while perovskite cells, although sensitive to short-wavelength light, struggle to cover the full spectrum when used alone, thus limiting solar energy utilization. Second, existing PVT modules offer limited solar thermal utilization, restricting their applicability. Hot water PVT modules are prone to failure in cold regions during winter due to frozen water pipes; hot air PVT modules are only suitable for heating in winter or humid regions, with significantly reduced solar thermal efficiency in other seasons or climates, hindering year-round high-efficiency utilization. Furthermore, current technology lacks an effective mechanism for regulating the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules, making it difficult to adapt to different climatic conditions. Consequently, existing PVT modules exhibit poor adaptability and struggle to meet diverse energy demands. This application's photovoltaic module is composed of perovskite and crystalline silicon cells. Perovskite and crystalline silicon cells can absorb light intensities of different wavelengths, which has the advantage of improving the utilization rate of the entire solar energy spectrum. Due to the dual airflow channels and insulation measures of the solar thermal module, the problems of low thermal energy utilization of photovoltaic modules and water pipe freezing in extremely cold regions are solved. Therefore, the composite photovoltaic module of this application simultaneously achieves the advantages of efficient solar energy utilization and stable operation and efficient heat output in extremely cold environments. This makes the composite photovoltaic module highly adaptable and able to meet diverse energy needs.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The present invention is implemented as follows: a composite photovoltaic module 100, comprising:

[0033] The photovoltaic module 10 includes a perovskite cell array 101 and a crystalline silicon cell array 102 disposed below the perovskite cell array 101.

[0034] The solar thermal module 20 includes an upper airflow channel 201, a lower airflow channel 202, a heat-collecting plate 203, a foam metal layer 204, and an insulation layer 206. The upper airflow channel 201 is disposed between the photovoltaic module 10 and the solar thermal module 20. The lower airflow channel 202 is disposed below the crystalline silicon battery pack 102. The heat-collecting plate 203 is attached to the lower photovoltaic backplate 1023 of the crystalline silicon battery pack 102. The foam metal layer 204 is disposed inside the lower airflow channel 202. The insulation layer 206 is disposed below the lower airflow channel 202 and covers the outside of the lower airflow channel 202.

[0035] A frame 40 is arranged around the outer periphery of the photovoltaic module 10 and the solar thermal module 20. A first opening 401 and a second opening 402 are provided on the frame 40. The first opening 401 is connected to the cold air inlet 403, and the second opening 402 is connected to the hot air outlet 404.

[0036] Specifically, the perovskite solar cell 101 refers to a solar cell made of perovskite material, which can be implemented using a stacked structure with a perovskite layer sandwiched between two layers of glass, for absorbing short-wavelength light. The crystalline silicon solar cell 102 refers to a solar cell made of crystalline silicon material, which can be implemented using a structure with crystalline silicon cells 1022 sandwiched between glass and a backsheet, for absorbing long-wavelength light. The upper airflow channel 201 refers to an air channel located between two layers of glass, which can be formed by spaced-out support structures, for guiding airflow and heat exchange with the photovoltaic module 10. The lower airflow channel 202 refers to an air channel located below the crystalline silicon solar cell 102, which can be constructed using metal or plastic separators, for further absorbing the waste heat generated by the crystalline silicon cells 1022. The foam metal layer 204 refers to a filling layer made of porous metal material, which can be implemented using copper or aluminum-based foam metal blocks, for enhancing airflow disturbance and heat conduction efficiency. The insulation layer 206 refers to a material layer with heat insulation properties. Specifically, it can be made of polyurethane or rock wool material to wrap the air flow channel 202 to reduce heat loss.

[0037] Furthermore, since the perovskite solar cell 1013 has a low power temperature coefficient and the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 has a high power temperature coefficient, the power generation efficiency of the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 decreases under high temperature conditions. It is understandable that under high temperature conditions, the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 101 is better than that of the crystalline silicon solar cell 102.

[0038] Therefore, in this embodiment, under sunny conditions in a frigid region, the heat generated by the photoelectric conversion of the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 can be transferred to the heat-collecting plate 203 via the photovoltaic backsheet 1023, and then transferred to the lower airflow channel 202 via the heat-collecting plate 203, where it is absorbed by the foam metal layer 204. In this case, cold air enters from the cold air inlet 403 and enters the lower airflow channel 202 through the first opening 401. After flowing through the foam metal layer 204, it carries away the heat absorbed by the foam metal layer 204 and becomes hot air. Then, it passes through the second opening 402 and is discharged from the hot air outlet 404 to provide heating for the building. At the same time, the airflow in the upper airflow channel 201 cools the perovskite solar cell 101, preventing its temperature from becoming too high and affecting its efficiency. The foam metal layer 204 improves the air heating efficiency by increasing the heat exchange area and turbulence effect, while the insulation layer 206 reduces the heat loss of the lower airflow channel 202.

[0039] This configuration not only provides heating using the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 10, but also removes the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 10 during the heating process, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic module 10 and improving its power generation efficiency. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 3 Furthermore, the perovskite solar cell 101 includes, from top to bottom, a first glass 1011, a film 103, a perovskite solar cell 1013, a film 103, and a second glass 1015; the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 includes, from top to bottom, a third glass 1021, a film 103, a crystalline silicon solar cell 1022, a film 103, and a photovoltaic backsheet 1023; and an upper airflow channel 201 is disposed between the second glass 1015 and the third glass 1021.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first glass 1011 refers to the transparent protective layer covering the top of the perovskite battery pack 101. Specifically, it can be made of tempered glass, which is used to transmit light and protect the internal battery structure. Of course, in other embodiments, the first glass 1011 can also be made of other materials. The specific design can be made according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0043] The adhesive film 103 refers to a light-transmitting material used to bond adjacent layers. Specifically, it can be made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyolefin elastomer. While maintaining light transmittance, it enhances the interlayer bonding strength. It is understood that in other embodiments, the adhesive film 103 can also be made of other materials. The specific choice can be made according to different situations and is not limited here.

[0044] Perovskite solar cell 1013 refers to a thin-film solar cell based on a perovskite crystal structure. Specifically, it can be realized using methylammonium lead halide perovskite material and is used to absorb short-wavelength sunlight for photoelectric conversion.

[0045] The second glass 1015 refers to the transparent substrate disposed at the bottom of the perovskite solar cell 1013. Specifically, it can be made of low-iron tempered glass, serving as a support layer and providing a sealing interface for the upper airflow channel 201. It is understood that in other embodiments, the second glass 1015 can also be made of other materials, which can be selected according to different situations and are not limited here.

[0046] The third glass 1021 refers to the top protective layer of the crystalline silicon battery pack 102. Specifically, it can be made of patterned tempered glass. While allowing light to pass through, the surface texture enhances the light-capturing ability. It is understood that in other embodiments, the third glass 1021 can also be made of other materials. The specific choice can be made according to different situations and is not limited here.

[0047] The photovoltaic backsheet 1023 refers to the bottom encapsulation layer of the crystalline silicon solar cell 102. Specifically, it can be made of a fluoropolymer backsheet material to isolate water vapor and reflect unabsorbed long-wavelength light. It is understood that in other embodiments, the photovoltaic backsheet 1023 can also be made of other materials, which can be selected according to different situations and are not limited here.

[0048] Specifically, the perovskite solar cell 101 adopts a five-layer stacked structure. Top encapsulation is achieved through a first glass 1011 and an encapsulating film 103. The perovskite solar cell 1013 is sandwiched between two encapsulating films 103 to form a stable encapsulation. The second glass 1015 serves as a bottom support layer, forming a parallel interface with the third glass 1021 of the crystalline silicon solar cell 102. Below the third glass 1021, the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 sequentially comprises an encapsulating film 103, a crystalline silicon solar cell 1022, another encapsulating film 103, and a photovoltaic backsheet 1023, forming an independent encapsulation structure. The upper airflow channel 201 is confined to the gap area between the second glass 1015 and the third glass 1021, forming an airflow channel penetrating the photovoltaic module 10. This layered structure enables the perovskite solar cell 101 and the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 to form optical complementarity. The perovskite solar cell 1013 preferentially absorbs short-wavelength light, while the unabsorbed long-wavelength light penetrates to the crystalline silicon solar cell 1022 for secondary conversion. The position of the upper airflow channel 201 allows the airflow to directly contact the surfaces of the second glass 1015 and the third glass 1021, carrying away the heat between the second glass 1015 and the third glass 1021, thereby achieving physical cooling. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0049] In this embodiment, physical isolation and optical coupling of the two battery packs are achieved, allowing the perovskite battery pack 101 and the crystalline silicon battery pack 102 to operate in their optimal spectral ranges, thus improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. The upper airflow channel 201, positioned between the perovskite battery pack 101 and the crystalline silicon battery pack 102, directly dissipates interfacial heat, ensuring the operational stability of the stacked structure. The parallel interface formed by the third glass 1021 and the second glass 1015 maintains a uniform height for the airflow channel, avoiding hot spot effects caused by localized turbulence and extending the lifespan of both the perovskite battery pack 101 and the crystalline silicon battery pack 102. This structural design allows the composite photovoltaic module 100 to achieve active temperature control in extremely cold regions by adjusting the airflow through the upper airflow channel 201, while simultaneously collecting hot air to meet heating needs. This makes the composite photovoltaic module 100 highly adaptable and capable of meeting diverse energy demands.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Please refer to it again. Figures 1 to 3 Furthermore, multiple upper air baffles 2011 are provided in the upper air flow channel 201, and the multiple upper air baffles 2011 are spaced apart in the upper air flow channel 201.

[0052] Multiple lower air baffles 2021 are provided in the lower air flow channel 202. The multiple lower air baffles 2021 are spaced apart in the lower air flow channel 202. The upper air baffle 2011 and the lower air baffle 2021 are used to guide the airflow path.

[0053] Among them, the upper air baffle 2011 refers to the plate-shaped structure installed in the upper air flow channel 201, which can be made of metal or plastic. Its function is to divide the upper air flow channel 201 into multiple independent airflow channels, extend the air flow path, and promote the heat exchange between the photovoltaic module 10 and the air.

[0054] The lower air baffle 2021 refers to the plate-like structure installed in the lower air flow channel 202. Specifically, it can be implemented using a porous metal plate. Its function is to increase the contact time between air and the foam metal layer 204 by dividing the lower air flow channel 202 to form a serpentine channel, thereby improving the heat absorption efficiency.

[0055] The interval setting refers to the arrangement of the partitions at a fixed distance, which can be achieved by equal-distance distribution. Its function is to avoid the airflow forming a short-circuit path in the flow channel and to ensure that the air flows fully through the entire flow channel.

[0056] Furthermore, after cold air enters through the cold air inlet 403 of the frame 40, the upper air baffle 2011 divides the airflow into multiple parallel channels, allowing the cold air to flow evenly across the surface of the second glass 1015 below the perovskite solar cell 101, carrying away the heat generated by the crystalline silicon solar cell 102. Simultaneously, the lower air baffle 2021 guides the airflow through the foam metal layer 204 in a serpentine path, extending the residence time of the air in the high-temperature region to fully absorb heat. Through the synergistic effect of the upper and lower baffles, the airflow path is precisely controlled, avoiding uneven heat distribution caused by disordered flow.

[0057] In this embodiment, by guiding the airflow path, it is ensured that the cold air fully absorbs the heat generated by the crystalline silicon solar cell 102, while maintaining the temperature uniformity within the lower airflow channel 202. Furthermore, the baffle structure allows the airflow to operate stably under various weather conditions; for example, even on cloudy days, effective heat exchange can be achieved by extending the air residence time, improving heat exchange efficiency. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] Please see Figures 1 to 3 Furthermore, the metal foam layer includes multiple metal foam blocks 205, with adjacent metal foam blocks 205 separated by a lower air gap 2021.

[0060] In this embodiment, the metal foam block 205 refers to a block structure made of porous metal material, specifically copper, aluminum, or their alloys, which have high thermal conductivity and porosity. Its internal porous structure increases the contact area with air, promoting heat transfer. When cold air flows in the lower airflow channel 202, it is divided into multiple streams by the lower air baffle 2021, flowing through the channels where each metal foam block 205 is located. The metal foam block 205 enhances its contact with the airflow through its porous structure, accelerating the transfer of heat from the heat-collecting plate 203 to the cold air. Simultaneously, the lower air baffle 2021 between adjacent metal foam blocks 205 prevents mutual interference between cold air streams in different channels, ensuring a stable airflow path.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module 100 also includes a hot water pipe assembly 30, which includes an inlet pipe 301, multiple vertical water pipes 302, and an outlet pipe 303. One end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes 302 is connected to the inlet pipe 301 and is spaced apart. The other end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes 302 is connected to the outlet pipe 303 and is spaced apart. Each vertical water pipe 302 is embedded in a metal foam block 205.

[0063] In this embodiment, the hot water pipe assembly refers to the pipe structure used for circulating water. Specifically, it can be implemented using heat-conducting materials such as copper pipes or aluminum pipes, and achieves heat exchange with the lower air flow channel 202 by being embedded in the metal foam block 205.

[0064] The inlet pipe 301 has a cold water inlet 3011 at one end and a hot water outlet 3031 at one end. Cold water enters the inlet pipe 301 through the cold water inlet 3011 and then flows to the vertical water pipe 302. Since the vertical water pipe 302 is embedded in the metal foam block 205, the contact area between the air in the flow channel and the hot water collection pipe group is increased, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. Then, the heat from the metal foam block 205 is transferred to the cold water in the vertical water pipe 302 through the vertical water pipe 302. The cold water then absorbs the heat transferred from the vertical water pipe 302 to form hot water, which accumulates in the outlet pipe 303 and then flows out from the hot water outlet 3031 of the outlet pipe 303. Through the physical heat exchange mode, the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0065] Specifically, the vertical water pipe 302 is arranged inside the metal foam block 205 within the lower airflow channel 202. When the hot air in the lower airflow channel 202 flows through the metal foam block 205, the heat is transferred to the surface of the vertical water pipe 302 through the metal frame, thus raising the temperature of the water inside the vertical water pipe 302. At the same time, the metal foam block 205, through its porous structure, disperses the hot air to various areas of the flow channel, preventing the vertical water pipe 302 from freezing due to excessively low local temperatures. Cold water enters the hot water collecting pipe assembly from the cold water inlet 3011, absorbs the heat from the hot air in the lower airflow channel 202, and is heated up before finally being discharged from the hot water outlet 3031, forming a continuous hot water supply.

[0066] In this embodiment, the temperature uniformity of the lower airflow channel 202 is improved by the foam metal layer 204, which enhances the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic module 10 and the continuous heating capability of the hot water pipe group, realizing the efficient energy utilization of photothermal and photovoltaic synergy, making the composite photovoltaic module 100 highly adaptable and able to meet diverse energy needs.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] Please see Figure 3 Furthermore, the first opening 401 is located on one side of the frame 40 and is flush with the lower airflow channel 202;

[0069] The second opening 402 is located on the other side of the frame 40 and is flush with the lower airflow channel 202;

[0070] The hot air outlet 404 includes a first outlet 405, which is connected to a second opening 402.

[0071] In this embodiment, "flush setting" means that the first opening 401 and the second opening 402 are on the same plane as the end face of the lower airflow channel 202. Specifically, this can be achieved by aligning the axis of the opening with the center line of the channel to ensure minimal resistance when the airflow enters or exits. The first outlet 405 of the hot air outlet 404 refers to an independent channel that is directly connected to the second opening 402. Specifically, this can be achieved by setting a guide cavity inside the frame 40 to guide the hot air out in a directional manner.

[0072] Specifically, cold air enters the lower airflow channel 202 through the first opening 401, and its temperature rises after flowing through the foam metal layer 204 and the hot water pipe assembly, forming hot air. The hot air flows along the lower airflow channel 202 to the second opening 402 and is discharged from the system through the first outlet 405. Since the first opening 401 and the second opening 402 are located on both sides of the frame 40 and are flush with the flow channel, the airflow path forms a straight channel, avoiding eddies or local stagnation in the airflow within the channel, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module 100 also includes an adjustment component 50, which is disposed in the upper airflow channel 201. When the temperature in the upper airflow channel 201 reaches the power threshold of the perovskite cell 101, or when the composite photovoltaic module 100 is mainly converted by the perovskite cell 101, the adjustment component 50 operates to adjust the airflow direction.

[0075] In this embodiment, the adjustment component 50 is a shape memory alloy device, whose main function is to change the airflow direction. It is mainly installed in the upper airflow channel 201, and can be connected to the rotating guide plate in the upper airflow channel 201. By changing the reverse flow angle, it changes the distribution and direction of the airflow in the upper airflow channel 201. The power threshold refers to the critical temperature value at which the perovskite battery pack 101 maintains the optimal photoelectric conversion efficiency. It can be determined through battery material characteristic testing or actual operating data. For example, the conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery pack 101 decreases significantly when the temperature is higher than 45°C, and 45°C can be used as the basis for setting the threshold.

[0076] It is understood that in other embodiments, the upper airflow channel 201 may also be equipped with structures such as electric air valves and retractable baffles to change the distribution and direction of airflow within the upper airflow channel 201. The specific choice can be made according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0077] Specifically, a temperature sensor may be installed in the upper airflow channel 201. When the temperature sensor in the upper airflow channel 201 detects that the temperature in the upper airflow channel 201 has reached a preset threshold, the shape memory alloy device is activated, thereby changing its shape to guide the change of the angle of the guide plate, so that the airflow entering the cold air inlet 403 preferentially flows through the area below the perovskite battery pack 101, thereby reducing its operating temperature.

[0078] When the weather is overcast or rainy, natural light is mainly short-wavelength light. Since the perovskite solar cell 101 can absorb light intensity of 300nm to 800nm ​​and the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 can absorb light intensity of 300nm to 1100nm, the main power generation unit of the composite photovoltaic module 100 is the perovskite solar cell 101. Under these circumstances, since the cold air inlet 403 is located below the hot air outlet 404, the shape memory alloy device is activated, thereby changing its shape to guide the angle of the guide plate to change, so that the cold air enters from the cold air inlet 403 and flows upward. The airflow channel 201 flows laterally to exit from the upper hot air outlet 404, forming a bottom-in, top-out structure. This not only provides heating but also reduces the direct cooling of the perovskite battery pack 101 by the airflow, avoiding excessive heat dissipation that could cause the battery temperature to drop too low and affect the power generation efficiency of the perovskite battery pack 101. Furthermore, the cold air enters the lower airflow channel 202 from the lower cold air inlet 403 and is gradually heated, reaching its highest temperature when it reaches the upper airflow channel 201. This allows for heat exchange with the hottest perovskite battery pack 101, maximizing the temperature difference and thus improving the overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0079] In other words, the composite photovoltaic module 100 provided by this utility model embodiment solves the problem of uneven heat dissipation or heat waste caused by a single airflow path, ensures that the perovskite battery pack 101 cools down in time at high temperatures to maintain efficiency, and reduces unnecessary heat loss at low temperatures, thereby improving the adaptability of the composite photovoltaic module 100 in different environments and the stability of its overall energy output.

[0080] Example 8

[0081] Please see Figure 4 Furthermore, the composite photovoltaic module 100 also includes a thermochromic film 60, which is disposed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic backsheet 1023. The thermochromic film 60 changes the light absorption efficiency at a preset temperature to adjust the heat concentration intensity.

[0082] Specifically, the thermochromic film 60 refers to a thermally responsive material layer attached to the lower surface of the photovoltaic backsheet 1023. It can be implemented using thermochromic materials such as vanadium dioxide or organic thermosensitive dyes, whose light absorption rate changes reversibly with temperature. This material dynamically adjusts the photothermal conversion intensity by absorbing or reflecting light of different wavelengths. The preset temperature refers to the critical temperature range that triggers a change in the light absorption efficiency of the thermochromic film 60, specifically a range of 20°C to 50°C. When the temperature of the photovoltaic backsheet 1023 exceeds this range, the microstructure of the thermochromic film 60 undergoes a phase transition, leading to a decrease in its absorption rate of near-infrared light, thereby reducing heat accumulation.

[0083] Furthermore, the thermochromic film 60 achieves autonomous adjustment of its heat-gathering intensity through temperature response characteristics. When the temperature of the photovoltaic backsheet 1023 is lower than a preset value, the thermochromic film 60 maintains a high light absorption state (e.g., the thermochromic film 60 turns dark), enhancing its ability to capture solar radiation and increasing the heat output of the heat-gathering plate 203. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, the thermochromic film 60 maintains a low light absorption state (e.g., the thermochromic film 60 turns light), reducing light absorption efficiency, reducing heat generation, and preventing aging or thermal stress damage to the photovoltaic backsheet 1023 material caused by system overheating. This process achieves closed-loop control through changes in the material's own physical properties, requiring no external energy input, and is simple in structure and easy to implement.

[0084] In this embodiment, the composite photovoltaic module 100 can autonomously adjust its heat collection intensity according to the ambient temperature. Under low-temperature conditions, it enhances the photothermal conversion efficiency to maintain the system operating temperature and prevents water pipes from freezing in frigid regions. Under high-temperature conditions, it reduces heat accumulation and avoids performance degradation of the photovoltaic backsheet 1023 due to overheating. By achieving dynamic equilibrium through changes in material properties, the adaptability of the composite photovoltaic module 100 under different climatic conditions is improved.

[0085] Example 9

[0086] Please see Figure 4 Furthermore, the cold air inlet 403 is located below the hot air outlet 404.

[0087] In this embodiment, the hot air outlet 404 is higher than the cold air inlet 403 to guide the hot air to flow upward, thereby achieving the effect of countercurrent heat exchange. Here, it refers to the heat exchange method in which the hot and cold fluids flow in opposite directions. Specifically, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by adjusting the position of the inlet and outlet to form a convection path.

[0088] Specifically, on cloudy or rainy days, the perovskite solar cell 101 becomes the main power generation unit due to the enhanced intensity of low-wavelength light. At this time, a temperature distribution of hot at the top and cold at the bottom forms inside the composite photovoltaic module 100. Cold air enters from the lower inlet and flows upward along the lower airflow channel 202, absorbing the residual heat generated by the crystalline silicon solar cell 102. It then enters the upper airflow channel 201 to further exchange heat with the perovskite solar cell 101, and finally exits from the upper hot air outlet 404. This flow direction is opposite to the temperature gradient direction, forming a counter-current heat exchange structure, causing the cold air to gradually heat up in the lower airflow channel 202 and the upper airflow channel 201, thus significantly increasing the temperature of the hot air exiting from the hot air outlet 404.

[0089] This setup, in rainy weather or low light conditions, increases the temperature of the hot air outlet 404 through the counter-current heat exchange structure, avoiding water pipe freezing problems caused by insufficient heat in cold regions, while providing a stable heat source for grain drying or indoor heating.

[0090] Example 10

[0091] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 Furthermore, the first opening 401 is located on one side of the frame 40 and is flush with the lower airflow channel 202;

[0092] The second opening 402 is located on the same side as the first opening 401 and is flush with the upper airflow channel 201;

[0093] The hot air outlet 404 includes a second outlet 406, which is connected to the second opening 402.

[0094] Under cloudy or rainy weather conditions, cold air enters the lower airflow channel 202 through the first opening 401 and flows horizontally through the foam metal layer 204 and the heat-concentrating plate 203 area, absorbing the heat generated by the crystalline silicon solar cell 102 to form a hot airflow. This hot airflow turns at the end of the channel and enters the upper airflow channel 201, where it further exchanges heat with the perovskite solar cell 101, and finally exits through the second opening 402 and the second outlet 406. Because the cold air inlet 403 and the hot air outlet 404 are located on the same side, the airflow forms a U-shaped path between the lower airflow channel 202 and the upper airflow channel 201, causing the flow directions of the cold and hot fluids to be opposite, forming a counter-current heat exchange mode, thereby achieving more efficient heat exchange.

[0095] This design effectively prevents the hot water pipes from freezing in rainy weather. Simultaneously, the counter-current heat exchange mode gradually heats the cold air to a high-grade thermal energy level, meeting the heat requirements for grain drying and indoor heating in frigid regions during winter. The dual-channel operation ensures that waste heat generated by the photovoltaic modules is fully recovered under different weather conditions, avoiding seasonal heat waste caused by a single-channel design.

[0096] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows: Since the photovoltaic module 10 is composed of a perovskite battery pack 101 and a crystalline silicon battery pack 102, the perovskite battery pack 101 and the crystalline silicon battery pack 102 can absorb light intensities of different wavelengths, which has the advantage of improving the full spectrum utilization rate of solar energy. Due to the dual air flow channels and heat preservation measures set in the photothermal module 20, the problems of low thermal energy utilization rate of photovoltaic modules and water pipe freezing in cold regions are solved. Therefore, the composite photovoltaic module 100 of this application simultaneously achieves the advantages of efficient utilization of solar energy and stable operation and efficient output of thermal energy in cold environments, making the composite photovoltaic module 100 highly adaptable and able to meet diverse energy needs.

[0097] It is understood that those skilled in the art can combine various implementation methods in the above embodiments under the guidance of the above examples to obtain technical solutions with multiple implementation methods.

[0098] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite photovoltaic module, characterized in that, It includes: A photovoltaic module, comprising a perovskite cell array and a crystalline silicon cell array disposed below the perovskite cell array; A solar thermal module includes an upper airflow channel, a lower airflow channel, a heat-collecting plate, a foam metal layer, and an insulation layer. The upper airflow channel is disposed between the photovoltaic module and the solar thermal module. The lower airflow channel is disposed below the crystalline silicon battery pack. The heat-collecting plate is attached to the lower side of the photovoltaic backsheet of the crystalline silicon battery pack. The foam metal layer is disposed inside the lower airflow channel. The insulation layer is disposed below the lower airflow channel and covers the outer side of the lower airflow channel. A frame is provided around the outer periphery of the photovoltaic module and the photothermal module. The frame has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening is connected to a cold air inlet, and the second opening is connected to a hot air outlet.

2. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell assembly, from top to bottom, includes a first glass, a film, a perovskite solar cell, a film, and a second glass. The crystalline silicon solar cell assembly, from top to bottom, includes a third glass, a film, a crystalline silicon solar cell, a film, and a photovoltaic backsheet. The upper airflow channel is disposed between the second glass and the third glass.

3. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The upper air flow channel is provided with multiple upper air baffles, and the multiple upper air baffles are spaced apart in the upper air flow channel; The lower airflow channel is provided with multiple lower air baffles, which are spaced apart within the lower airflow channel. The upper air baffle and the lower air baffle are used to guide the airflow path.

4. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The metal foam layer comprises multiple metal foam blocks, with adjacent metal foam blocks separated by a lower air baffle.

5. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The composite photovoltaic module also includes a hot water pipe assembly, which includes an inlet pipe, multiple vertical water pipes, and an outlet pipe. One end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes is connected to the inlet pipe and is spaced apart. The other end of each of the multiple vertical water pipes is connected to the outlet pipe and is spaced apart. Each of the vertical water pipes is embedded in a metal foam block.

6. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first opening is located on one side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel; The second opening is located on the other side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel; The hot air outlet includes a first outlet, which is connected to the second opening.

7. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite photovoltaic module also includes an adjustment component, which is disposed in the upper airflow channel. When the temperature in the upper airflow channel reaches the power threshold of the perovskite cell, or when the composite photovoltaic module is mainly converted by the perovskite cell, the adjustment component operates to adjust the airflow direction.

8. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The composite photovoltaic module also includes a thermochromic film, which is disposed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic backsheet. The thermochromic film changes the light absorption efficiency at a preset temperature to adjust the heat intensity.

9. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The cold air inlet (403) is located below the hot air outlet.

10. The composite photovoltaic module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The first opening is located on one side of the frame and is flush with the lower airflow channel; The second opening is located on the same side as the first opening and is flush with the upper airflow channel; The hot air outlet includes a second outlet, which is connected to the second opening.

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