A type of surface mount fuse tube

Abstract

This utility model discloses a surface-mount fuse tube, comprising a melt layer, a ceramic substrate, metal terminal electrodes, and a protective layer. The melt layer features a gradient fusing design. A pair of ceramic substrates are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the melt layer, respectively. Multiple arc-extinguishing chambers are formed within each ceramic substrate at equal intervals, and each arc-extinguishing chamber is filled with quartz sand particles. A pair of metal terminal electrodes are disposed, with their upper and lower ends respectively pressed onto the two ends of the pair of ceramic substrates. This utility model significantly improves the safety and reliability of the fuse in overcurrent protection, eliminating explosion accidents; it achieves millisecond-level arc extinguishing through a composite arc-extinguishing mechanism, avoiding secondary short circuits; it improves heat conduction efficiency, resulting in rapid overcurrent protection response; it enhances the adaptability to mechanical deformation of the circuit board, extending service life; and the overall structure maintains stable performance under high-temperature and high-vibration conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fuse technology, specifically relating to a patch fuse tube. Background Technology

[0002] A surface mount fuse is a surface-mount component installed on a circuit board. It protects electronic equipment from damage or fire by interrupting overcurrent through thermal runaway in the circuit. Compared to conventional through-hole fuses, surface mount fuses are smaller, allowing for easy high-density integration and fully automated manufacturing, while also providing more precise safety protection.

[0003] Existing surface mount fuses generally have the following problems:

[0004] 1. Slow thermal response: Traditional polymer-based fuses have low thermal conductivity and high overcurrent protection delay;

[0005] 2. Poor mechanical strength: Glass tubes or plastic-encapsulated structures are prone to cracking under the bending stress of the PCB;

[0006] 3. Weak arc control: When the fuse breaks, the metal vapor can easily trigger an electric arc, leading to a secondary short circuit.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this utility model and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface mount fuse tube that can overcome the problems of slow thermal response, poor mechanical strength, and weak arc control inherent in surface mount fuses.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by a specific embodiment of this utility model is as follows:

[0010] A surface mount fuse tube includes a melt layer, a ceramic substrate, metal terminal electrodes, and a protective layer. The melt layer is designed for gradient fusing. A pair of ceramic substrates are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the melt layer, respectively. Multiple arc-extinguishing chambers are formed within each ceramic substrate at equal intervals, and each arc-extinguishing chamber is filled with quartz sand particles. A pair of metal terminal electrodes are disposed, with their upper and lower ends respectively pressed onto the ends of the pair of ceramic substrates. A stress buffer is disposed between the metal terminal electrodes and the ceramic substrates. The protective layer covers the outer wall of the ceramic substrate.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, the gradient melting design of the melt layer adopts a three-segment linewidth gradient structure.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, the linewidth of the input segment of the melt layer is designed to be 200 μm, the linewidth of the center segment of the melt layer is designed to be 80 μm, and the linewidth of the output segment of the melt layer is designed to be 150 μm.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, the melt layer is prepared using a copper-tin alloy and alumina nanoparticles, wherein the alumina nanoparticles have a particle size of 30-50 nm and account for 3 wt%.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, the inner wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber is coated with a zinc borate hydrate coating, and a plurality of flow channels are formed on the side wall of the ceramic substrate near the melt layer, and the plurality of flow channels are respectively connected to a plurality of arc-extinguishing chambers.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, the particle size of the quartz sand particles is designed in a gradient manner, wherein the particle size of the quartz sand particles is set to gradually increase from the side closer to the ceramic substrate to the side farther away from the ceramic substrate.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the stress buffer includes a silicone layer disposed between a ceramic substrate and a metal end electrode.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, a first U-shaped microgroove and a second U-shaped microgroove are respectively formed on the sidewall of the ceramic substrate that abuts against the metal end electrode, and the silicone layer is filled in the first U-shaped microgroove and the second U-shaped microgroove.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, a silver-palladium conductive adhesive is disposed between the melt layer and the metal end electrode.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of this utility model, an antioxidant layer is coated on the outer wall of the metal end electrode.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model significantly improves the safety and reliability of fuses in overcurrent protection by improving them and eliminating explosion accidents; it achieves millisecond-level arc extinguishing through a composite arc extinguishing mechanism to avoid secondary short circuits; it improves heat conduction efficiency and makes overcurrent protection respond quickly; it enhances the adaptability to mechanical deformation of the circuit board and extends its service life; and the overall structure maintains stable performance under high temperature and high vibration conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a patch fuse tube according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a patch fuse tube according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 2 A schematic diagram from point A;

[0025] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 2 A schematic diagram from point B;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the solution layer in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 Exploded view of the ceramic substrate, metal end electrode and silicone layer in this utility model.

[0028] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0029] 1-Soluble layer, 11-Alumina nanoparticles, 2-Ceramic substrate, 21-Arc extinguishing chamber, 22-Quartz sand particles, 23-First U-shaped microgroove, 24-Flow guide groove, 3-Metal end electrode, 31-Second U-shaped microgroove, 4-Silicone layer, 5-Silicone-palladium conductive adhesive, 6-Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this utility model, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0031] like Figures 1-6As shown, a patch fuse tube according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a melt layer 1, a ceramic substrate 2, a metal terminal electrode 3, and a protective layer 6. The melt layer 1 is designed with gradient fusing. A pair of ceramic substrates 2 are provided, which are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the melt layer 1. Multiple arc-extinguishing chambers 21 are formed in the ceramic substrate 2 at equal intervals, and each arc-extinguishing chamber 21 is filled with quartz sand particles 22. A pair of metal terminal electrodes 3 are provided, and the upper and lower ends of the pair of metal terminal electrodes 3 are respectively pressed onto the two ends of the pair of ceramic substrates 2. A stress buffer is provided between the metal terminal electrodes 3 and the ceramic substrate 2. The protective layer 6 covers the outer wall of the ceramic substrate 2.

[0032] The working principle of this surface-mount fuse is as follows: the fuse is connected to the circuit through metal terminals 3 at both ends. Current is transmitted through the metal terminals 3 to the melt layer 1, forming a path. Due to the gradient fusing design of the melt layer 1, the current is evenly distributed, and the central narrow area becomes a heat accumulation point due to its slightly higher resistance. When the current passing through the fuse is overloaded, the overload current causes the melt layer 1 to Joule heat up. The central narrow area reaches its melting point first and vaporizes and breaks. The vaporized metal vapor enters the arc-extinguishing chamber 21, where it is adsorbed by the quartz sand particles 22. This allows the melt layer 1 to absorb energy instantaneously when it melts, suppressing the plasma arc. This enables the fuse to achieve a millisecond-level response when the current in the circuit is overloaded, protecting the circuit by melting the metal terminals 3. When the PCB is bent, the metal terminals 3 absorb stress waves through stress buffers, thereby preventing cracking of the ceramic substrate 2.

[0033] Preferably, the gradient melting design of the melt layer 1 adopts a three-segment linewidth gradient structure.

[0034] Specifically, the linewidth of the input section of melt layer 1 is designed to be 200 μm, the linewidth of the center section of melt layer 1 is designed to be 80 μm, and the linewidth of the output section of melt layer 1 is designed to be 150 μm. The input end provides surge protection; the narrowest linewidth at the center end serves as a precise fusing zone, allowing for a rapid response when current overload causes the temperature of melt layer 1 to exceed its melting point; the output end is used to suppress arc propagation. This design enables melt layer 1 to achieve graded fusing, improving surge resistance.

[0035] Furthermore, the melt layer 1 is prepared using a copper-tin alloy and alumina nanoparticles 11, with the alumina nanoparticles 11 having a particle size of 30-50 nm and accounting for 3 wt%. The alumina nanoparticles effectively reduce the resistivity of the melt layer 1, while simultaneously improving the melting heat energy conversion efficiency.

[0036] Preferably, in order to ensure a stable connection between the melt layer 1 and the ceramic substrate 2, the interlayer of the melt layer 1 and the ceramic substrate 2 is formed into a dense integrated structure through low-temperature co-firing.

[0037] Preferably, the inner wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber 21 is coated with a zinc borate hydrate coating. When the zinc borate hydrate coated ceramic substrate 2 is subjected to high temperature, it releases gas to extinguish the arc. Multiple guide grooves 24 are formed on the side wall of the ceramic substrate 2 near the melt layer 1, and these guide grooves 24 are respectively connected to multiple arc-extinguishing chambers 21. When the metal gas and charged particles after the melt layer 1 has dissolved rapidly enter the arc-extinguishing chamber 21 through the guide grooves 24, the zinc borate hydrate coating decomposes upon heating, absorbing energy and releasing water vapor. Simultaneously, the quartz sand particles 22 absorb the metal gas and charged particles, suppressing the plasma arc.

[0038] Preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand particles 22 is designed with a gradient, with the particle size gradually increasing from the side closer to the ceramic substrate 2 to the side farther away from the ceramic substrate 2. This layered design of the quartz sand particles 22 effectively shortens the arc extinguishing time.

[0039] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the stress buffer includes a silicone layer 4 disposed between the ceramic substrate 2 and the metal end electrode 3.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a first U-shaped microgroove 23 and a second U-shaped microgroove 31 are respectively formed on the sidewall where the ceramic substrate 2 abuts against the metal terminal electrode 3. A silicone layer 4 fills the first U-shaped microgroove 23 and the second U-shaped microgroove 31. When the PCB is subjected to bending stress, the silicone layer 4 in the first U-shaped microgroove 23 and the second U-shaped microgroove 31 deforms, absorbing stress waves and preventing the ceramic substrate 2 from cracking. Simultaneously, to ensure the stability of the connection between the ceramic substrate 2 and the metal terminal electrode 3, the metal terminal electrode 3 is bonded to the ceramic substrate 2 through a co-fired interface.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, a silver-palladium conductive adhesive 5 is disposed between the melt layer 1 and the metal terminal electrode 3. The silver-palladium conductive adhesive 5 facilitates the smooth flow of current between the metal terminal electrode 3 and the melt layer 1, making the metal terminal electrode 3 a current conduction hub, and at the same time, it can disperse the Joule thermal shock during melting.

[0042] Preferably, the outer wall of the metal terminal electrode 3 is coated with an antioxidant layer.

[0043] In use, the fuse tube is connected to the circuit through the metal end electrodes 3 at both ends. The current is transmitted to the melt layer 1 through the metal end electrodes 3 to form a path. Due to the gradient fusing design of the melt layer 1, the current is evenly distributed, and the central narrow area becomes a heat accumulation point due to its slightly higher resistance. When the current passing through the fuse tube is overloaded, the overload current causes the melt layer 1 to heat up with Joule heating. The central narrow area reaches the melting point first and vaporizes and fractures. The vaporized metal vapor and charged particles quickly enter the arc extinguishing chamber 21 through the guide groove 24, causing the zinc borate coating to decompose upon heating, absorbing energy and releasing water vapor. At the same time, the quartz sand particles 22 absorb the metal gas and charged particles, suppressing the plasma arc. This allows the fuse tube to achieve a millisecond-level response when the current in the circuit is overloaded, protecting the circuit by fusing the metal end electrodes 3. When the PCB is bent, the metal end electrodes 3 absorb stress waves through the stress buffer, thereby preventing the ceramic substrate 2 from cracking.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0045] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A patch fuse tube, characterized in that, include: A melt layer, wherein the melt layer is designed with gradient melting; A pair of ceramic substrates are provided, and the pair of ceramic substrates are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the melt layer. Multiple arc-extinguishing chambers are opened in the ceramic substrates at equal intervals, and each of the multiple arc-extinguishing chambers is filled with quartz sand particles. A pair of metal end electrodes are provided, and the upper and lower ends of the pair of metal end electrodes are respectively pressed onto the two ends of a pair of ceramic substrates. A stress buffer is provided between the metal end electrodes and the ceramic substrates. A protective layer is applied to the outer wall of the ceramic substrate.

2. The patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient melting design of the melt layer adopts a three-segment linewidth gradient structure.

3. A patch fuse tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linewidth of the input segment of the solution layer is designed to be 200 μm, the linewidth of the center segment of the solution layer is designed to be 80 μm, and the linewidth of the output segment of the solution layer is designed to be 150 μm.

4. A patch fuse tube according to claim 3, characterized in that, The melt layer is prepared using a copper-tin alloy and alumina nanoparticles, wherein the alumina nanoparticles have a particle size of 30-50 nm and account for 3 wt%.

5. A patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the arc-extinguishing chamber is coated with a zinc borate hydrate coating, and multiple flow channels are formed on the side wall of the ceramic substrate near the melt layer. The multiple flow channels are respectively connected to multiple arc-extinguishing chambers.

6. A patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the quartz sand particles is designed with a gradient, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is set to gradually increase from the side closer to the ceramic substrate to the side farther away from the ceramic substrate.

7. A patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress buffer includes a silicone layer disposed between the ceramic substrate and the metal end electrode.

8. A patch fuse tube according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ceramic substrate has a first U-shaped microgroove and a second U-shaped microgroove respectively formed on the sidewall that abuts against the metal end electrode, and the silicone layer fills the first U-shaped microgroove and the second U-shaped microgroove.

9. A patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, A silver-palladium conductive adhesive is disposed between the solution layer and the metal end electrode.

10. A patch fuse tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, An antioxidant layer is coated on the outer wall of the metal end electrode.

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