A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydrogen energy source combustion equipment field discloses a kind of multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burners, including central gas-collecting cavity, as cylindrical hollow metal shell, the central gas-collecting cavity one end is equipped with hydrogen inlet flange, the central gas-collecting cavity other end is equipped with central flame guide hole, the inner wall of central flame guide hole is equipped with internal thread;Annular shunt cavity, as coaxial hollow shell of being equipped in the periphery of central gas-collecting cavity;Supporting rib, quantity is 4 to 6, evenly distributed in radial shape.The utility model in, by setting central nozzle assembly and multiple lateral nozzle assembly, form multi-nozzle structure, so that hydrogen can be ejected from different positions and angles, fully mixed with surrounding air, improve the mixing degree of hydrogen and air, to improve combustion efficiency, compared with traditional single nozzle hydrogen fuel burner, can more fully release the energy of hydrogen, improve energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogen energy combustion equipment, and in particular to a multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner. Background Technology

[0002] Compared with traditional oil and gas burners, hydrogen fuel burners have advantages such as combustion products consisting only of water, high thermal efficiency, and near-zero carbon emissions. With the development of new energy technologies, hydrogen, as a clean and efficient fuel, is being used more and more widely in combustion equipment and is gradually becoming an important alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

[0003] Most existing hydrogen fuel burners adopt a single-nozzle structure, which has some shortcomings: First, relying on a single nozzle for hydrogen injection results in insufficient mixing of hydrogen and air, low combustion efficiency, and failure to fully utilize the high-efficiency combustion characteristics of hydrogen as a clean energy source. Second, the flame of a single-nozzle burner is concentrated at one point, resulting in uneven heat load distribution at the burner outlet, affecting heating effect and equipment lifespan. Therefore, a multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner is proposed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner, which aims to improve the problem of "insufficient mixing with air leading to low combustion efficiency" in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner, including a central gas collection cavity, which is a cylindrical hollow metal shell. One end of the central gas collection cavity is provided with a hydrogen inlet flange, and the other end of the central gas collection cavity is provided with a central flame guide hole. The inner wall of the central flame guide hole is provided with internal threads. The annular flow divider is a cylindrical hollow shell coaxially fitted around the periphery of the central gas collecting chamber; There are 4 to 6 supporting ribs, which are evenly distributed radially. The two ends of the supporting ribs are welded and fixed between the outer wall of the central gas collecting cavity and the inner wall of the annular diversion cavity. Each supporting rib has a hydrogen guiding groove opened along the axial direction inside. One end of the hydrogen guiding groove is connected to the inside of the central gas collecting cavity, and the other end of the hydrogen guiding groove is connected to the annular diversion channel between the annular diversion cavity and the central gas collecting cavity. The center nozzle assembly is installed in the center flame guide hole by a threaded connection. The center nozzle assembly includes a center nozzle body and a center swirl vane. The outer wall of the center nozzle body is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The center swirl vane is fixed to the inner wall of the outlet end of the center nozzle body and is arranged in a spiral inclined manner. The side nozzle assembly comprises 4 to 8 units, each of which is installed in a side nozzle mounting hole on the side wall of the annular flow divider. Each side nozzle assembly includes a side nozzle body, which forms an angle of 15° to 30° with the axis of the annular flow divider.

[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution: The outlet end of the hydrogen diversion channel is equipped with an adjustable flow needle valve, which is used to adjust the proportion of hydrogen flow from the central gas collection chamber to the annular diversion channel.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: It also includes a central flame stabilizing ring located on the outer edge of the outlet end of the central nozzle assembly. The central flame stabilizing ring is an annular boss structure with a radial protrusion height of 0.5 to 1.2 times the diameter of the lateral nozzle body nozzle orifice. It is used to form a low-speed recirculation zone at the flame root to enhance combustion stability.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The helical angle of the central swirl blades is 30° to 60°, and the number of blades is 1 to 2, which are evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: The side nozzle body is fixed in the side nozzle mounting hole by a threaded connection. The inner wall of the side nozzle mounting hole is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the side nozzle body is provided with an external thread. The external thread of the side nozzle body is engaged with the internal thread of the side nozzle mounting hole.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: It also includes an ultraviolet flame detector, which is mounted on the outer wall of the central gas collection chamber via a flange, with the detection direction of the ultraviolet flame detector facing the outlet of the central nozzle assembly.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: It also includes an ignition device, which includes an ignition electrode, a controller, and an electrode holder. The electrode holder is welded to the front outer wall of the annular shunt cavity. The ignition electrode is fixed to the electrode holder by a threaded connection. Its discharge end is located 0.5cm to 1cm from the front end of the central nozzle assembly and is coplanar with the axis of the central nozzle body. The controller is electrically connected to the ignition electrode, the ultraviolet flame detector, and the thermocouple array by wires.

[0012] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this utility model, a multi-nozzle structure is formed by setting a central nozzle assembly and multiple side nozzle assemblies. Hydrogen is divided into two flow paths: one path is ejected through the central nozzle assembly, and the other path flows into the annular diversion channel through the hydrogen guide groove in the support rib and is then ejected by the side nozzle assembly. This allows hydrogen to be ejected from different positions and angles, fully mixing with the surrounding air, improving the mixing degree of hydrogen and air, thereby improving combustion efficiency. Compared with traditional single-nozzle hydrogen fuel burners, it can release the energy of hydrogen more fully and improve energy utilization.

[0013] 2. In this utility model, by combining the central swirl blades with the central flame stabilizing ring, a low-speed recirculation zone is formed at the root of the flame, which plays a role in flame anchoring, effectively suppressing flame detachment or pulsating combustion, enhancing combustion stability, ensuring that the burner can burn continuously and stably under various operating conditions, and improving the reliability and safety of combustion. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 An enlarged 3D structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the central gas collecting cavity and the annular diversion cavity in this utility model.

[0015] Legend: 1. Central gas collecting chamber; 11. Hydrogen inlet flange; 12. Central flame guide hole; 2. Annular flow divider chamber; 21. Annular flow divider channel; 22. Side nozzle mounting hole; 3. Support rib; 31. Hydrogen flow guide groove; 4. Central nozzle assembly; 41. Central nozzle body; 42. Central swirl vane; 43. Central flame stabilizing ring; 5. Side nozzle assembly; 51. Side nozzle body; 61. Ultraviolet flame detector; 7. Ignition device; 71. Ignition electrode; 72. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4 An embodiment of this utility model is provided: a multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner, including a central gas collection cavity 1, which is a cylindrical hollow metal shell. One end of the central gas collection cavity 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet flange 11, and the other end of the central gas collection cavity 1 is provided with a central flame guide hole 12. The inner wall of the central flame guide hole 12 is provided with internal threads. The annular diversion cavity 2 is a cylindrical hollow shell coaxially sleeved around the outer periphery of the central gas collecting cavity 1. The materials of the central gas collecting cavity 1 and the annular diversion cavity 2 are preferably 310S stainless steel, which has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, ensuring that the burner works stably in high temperature environment. There are 4 to 6 supporting ribs 3, which are evenly distributed radially. The two ends of the supporting ribs 3 are welded and fixed between the outer wall of the central gas collecting cavity 1 and the inner wall of the annular diversion cavity 2. Each supporting rib 3 has a hydrogen guide groove 31 axially opened inside. The cross-section of the hydrogen guide groove 31 is circular with a diameter of 3mm to 5mm to ensure smooth hydrogen delivery. One end of the hydrogen guide groove 31 is connected to the inside of the central gas collecting cavity 1, and the other end of the hydrogen guide groove 31 is connected to the annular diversion channel 21 between the annular diversion cavity 2 and the central gas collecting cavity 1. The outlet end of the hydrogen guide groove 31 is equipped with an adjustable flow needle valve, model J61Y-320P, with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1L / min to 0.2L / min and a maximum withstand pressure ≥1.6MPa. It is used to adjust the proportion of hydrogen flow from the central gas collecting cavity 1 to the annular diversion channel 21. The central nozzle assembly 4 is installed in the central flame guide hole 12 by a threaded connection. The central nozzle assembly 4 includes a central nozzle body 41 and a central swirl vane 42. The outer wall of the central nozzle body 41 is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The central swirl vane 42 is fixed to the inner wall of the outlet end of the central nozzle body 41 and is arranged in a spiral inclined manner. The spiral angle of the central swirl vane 42 is 30° to 60°, and the number of vanes is 4 to 8 and they are evenly distributed along the circumference. There are 4 to 8 side nozzle assemblies 5. Each side nozzle assembly 5 is installed in a side nozzle mounting hole 22 on the side wall of the annular flow divider 2. Each side nozzle assembly 5 includes a side nozzle body 51. The side nozzle body 51 forms an angle of 15° to 30° with the axis of the annular flow divider 2.

[0018] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It also includes a central flame stabilizing ring 43 disposed on the outer edge of the outlet end of the central nozzle assembly 4. The central flame stabilizing ring 43 is an annular boss structure, and its radial protrusion height is 0.5 to 1.2 times the nozzle diameter of the lateral nozzle body 51. It is used to form a low-speed recirculation zone at the root of the flame to enhance combustion stability.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 3The side nozzle body 51 is fixed in the side nozzle mounting hole 22 by a threaded connection. The inner wall of the side nozzle mounting hole 22 is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the side nozzle body 51 is provided with an external thread. The external thread of the side nozzle body 51 is engaged with the internal thread of the side nozzle mounting hole 22.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It also includes an ultraviolet flame detector 61, which is installed on the outer wall of the central gas collection chamber 1 via a flange. The detection direction of the ultraviolet flame detector 61 is towards the outlet of the central nozzle assembly 4. The ultraviolet flame detector 61 is model UV-100, with a detection wavelength range of 185nm to 260nm and a response time ≤0.1s. The detection end is equipped with a quartz glass protective cover to prevent high-temperature flue gas from contaminating the detection end.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It also includes an ignition device 7, which includes an ignition electrode 71, a controller 72, and an electrode holder. The electrode holder is welded to the outer wall of the front end of the annular shunt cavity 2. The ignition electrode 71 is fixedly connected to the electrode holder. The ignition electrode 71 is made of iridium, has a diameter of 4mm, and a discharge end cone angle of 35°. Its discharge end is located 0.5cm to 1cm from the front end of the central nozzle assembly 4 and is coplanar with the axis of the central nozzle body 41. The controller 72 is electrically connected to the ignition electrode 71, the ultraviolet flame detector 61, and the thermocouple array 62 through wires. The controller 72 is a four-loop position control instrument, model DK-2000, with an output voltage of 12kV and an ignition frequency of 3Hz.

[0022] Working principle: During use, hydrogen is supplied to the burner through an external hydrogen supply pipeline via the hydrogen inlet flange 11 and enters the central gas collection chamber 1. At this time, the hydrogen is divided into two flow paths: one path flows directly to the central flame guide hole 12 at the front end of the burner, ready to be sprayed out through the central nozzle assembly 4; the other path flows through the hydrogen guide groove 31 inside the support rib 3, into the annular diversion channel 21 between the annular diversion chamber 2 and the central gas collection chamber 1, and is finally sprayed out by multiple side nozzle assemblies 5.

[0023] Upon startup, the needle valve at the outlet of the hydrogen guide channel 31 is first closed, concentrating all hydrogen in the central channel. Upon receiving the startup command, the controller 72 drives the ignition electrode 71 to generate a high-frequency, high-voltage discharge. The discharge end is located 0.8 cm from the front of the central nozzle and is coplanar with the axis, ensuring precise arc coverage of the central hydrogen injection area. After successful ignition, the hydrogen ejected from the central nozzle is rapidly ignited, forming a stable central guiding flame. This flame is guided by the central swirl vane 42 to generate a strong swirling flow, enhancing the entrainment and mixing of hydrogen with the surrounding air, improving combustion stability, and effectively preventing backfire. Simultaneously, the central flame stabilizing ring 43 forms a low-speed recirculation zone at the flame root, acting as a flame anchor and further suppressing flameout or pulsating combustion.

[0024] After the central flame has been burning stably for about 3 to 5 seconds, the controller 72 opens the needle valve to control the hydrogen to flow into the annular diversion channel 21 in a set ratio. The hydrogen is then injected towards the center through the inclined lateral nozzle body 51 to form a multi-point ignition structure. The hydrogen injected laterally ignites rapidly in the thermal environment of the central high-temperature flame, realizing the chain combustion mechanism of the main flame igniting the lateral flames, significantly expanding the flame coverage area and improving the uniformity of heat load.

[0025] During combustion, the ultraviolet flame detector 61 continuously monitors the ultraviolet radiation signal in the central flame area. Since hydrogen flames have weak visible light and obvious ultraviolet characteristics, the detector, together with the quartz glass protective cover, can effectively resist high-temperature flue gas pollution and ensure long-term stable operation. Once the flame is detected to be extinguished, the controller 72 immediately cuts off the gas supply to prevent unburned gas from accumulating and causing an explosion, thereby improving gas safety.

[0026] When the device is no longer in use, the controller 72 first closes the needle valve to stop the lateral hydrogen supply, keeps the central flame burning for a few seconds to clear residual gas, and finally cuts off the central gas supply to achieve safe flameout.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner, characterized in that, include: The central gas collecting cavity (1) is a cylindrical hollow metal shell. One end of the central gas collecting cavity (1) is provided with a hydrogen inlet flange (11), and the other end of the central gas collecting cavity (1) is provided with a central flame guide hole (12). The inner wall of the central flame guide hole (12) is provided with internal threads. The annular diversion cavity (2) is a cylindrical hollow shell coaxially fitted around the outer periphery of the central gas collecting cavity (1); There are 4 to 6 supporting ribs (3) evenly distributed radially. The two ends of the supporting ribs (3) are welded and fixed between the outer wall of the central gas collecting cavity (1) and the inner wall of the annular diversion cavity (2). Each supporting rib (3) has a hydrogen guide groove (31) opened along the axial direction inside. One end of the hydrogen guide groove (31) is connected to the inside of the central gas collecting cavity (1), and the other end of the hydrogen guide groove (31) is connected to the annular diversion channel (21) between the annular diversion cavity (2) and the central gas collecting cavity (1). The central nozzle assembly (4) is installed in the central flame guide hole (12) by a threaded connection. The central nozzle assembly (4) includes a central nozzle body (41) and a central swirl vane (42). The outer wall of the central nozzle body (41) is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread. The central swirl vane (42) is fixed to the inner wall of the outlet end of the central nozzle body (41) and is arranged in a spiral inclined manner. There are 4 to 8 side nozzle assemblies (5). Each side nozzle assembly (5) is installed in a side nozzle mounting hole (22) on the side wall of the annular flow divider (2). Each side nozzle assembly (5) includes a side nozzle body (51). The side nozzle body (51) forms an angle of 15° to 30° with the axis of the annular flow divider (2).

2. The multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the hydrogen guide channel (31) is equipped with an adjustable flow needle valve, which is used to adjust the proportion of hydrogen flow from the central gas collection chamber (1) to the annular diversion channel (21).

3. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a central flame stabilizer ring (43) located on the outer edge of the outlet end of the central nozzle assembly (4). The central flame stabilizer ring (43) is an annular boss structure with a radial protrusion height of 0.5 to 1.2 times the nozzle diameter of the lateral nozzle body (51). It is used to form a low-speed recirculation zone at the root of the flame to enhance combustion stability.

4. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central swirl blade (42) has a helical angle of 30° to 60° and has 4 to 8 blades that are evenly distributed along the circumference.

5. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side nozzle body (51) is fixed in the side nozzle mounting hole (22) by a threaded connection. The inner wall of the side nozzle mounting hole (22) is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the side nozzle body (51) is provided with an external thread. The external thread of the side nozzle body (51) is engaged with the internal thread of the side nozzle mounting hole (22).

6. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ultraviolet flame detector (61), which is mounted on the outer wall of the central gas collection chamber (1) via a flange, and the detection direction of the ultraviolet flame detector (61) is toward the outlet of the central nozzle assembly (4).

7. A multi-nozzle hydrogen fuel burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ignition device (7), which includes an ignition electrode (71), a controller (72) and an electrode holder. The electrode holder is welded to the front outer wall of the annular shunt cavity (2). The ignition electrode (71) is fixedly connected to the electrode holder. Its discharge end is located 0.5cm to 1cm from the front end of the central nozzle assembly (4) and is coplanar with the axis of the central nozzle body (41). The controller (72) is electrically connected to the ignition electrode (71), the ultraviolet flame detector (61) and the thermocouple array (62) respectively through wires.

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