A high voltage cable termination

Abstract

The application relates to a high-voltage cable terminal, which comprises a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve, the second insulating sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the first insulating sleeve, and an accommodating channel is formed in the inside of the first insulating sleeve along the axial direction of the first insulating sleeve; wherein the accommodating channel is used for penetrating a cable. The application comprises the first insulating sleeve and the second insulating sleeve sleeved on the periphery of the first insulating sleeve, the cable can be arranged in the accommodating channel of the first insulating sleeve and is electrically connected with an external structure, meanwhile, the first insulating sleeve and the second insulating sleeve play a double protection role on the cable, can improve the insulation performance of the high-voltage cable terminal, can improve the probability of the high-voltage cable terminal to withstand the influence of bad weather or other factors, and can improve the reliability of the safe operation of the electrified railway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high-voltage cable technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cable terminal. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of my country's transportation industry, high-speed trains have ushered in a golden age of construction and development. Among them, the 27.5kV high-voltage cable terminal is an important component of the high-speed train traction power supply system, and its reliability directly affects the safe operation of the high-speed train. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of standardized high-speed trains, the national requirements for the performance of 27.5kV high-voltage cable terminals used in high-speed trains have become increasingly stringent.

[0003] Currently, 27.5kV high-voltage cable terminals for high-speed trains are mainly used in integrated traction power supply systems for rail transit, connecting high-voltage leads and the cable body, as well as the cable body and electrical equipment. Therefore, during train operation, they are subjected to severe weather conditions such as strong winds, snow, and fog, as well as the effects of high-speed airflow, moisture, pollution, prolonged operation, extreme temperature differences, and high altitudes. Their reliability directly impacts the safe operation of electrified railways. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-voltage cable terminal that can meet the electrical performance requirements of the vehicle roof and withstand harsh weather conditions such as wind and sand, impact, rain and snow.

[0005] This application provides a high-voltage cable terminal for use in high-speed trains. The high-voltage cable terminal includes a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve. The second insulating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve, and the interior of the first insulating sleeve extends along its own axial direction to form a receiving channel. The receiving channel is used for inserting a cable.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first insulating sleeve is configured as an elastic element; and / or, the second insulating sleeve is configured as an elastic element.

[0007] In some embodiments, the Brinell hardness of the first insulating sleeve is in the range of 30 to 60 HBW; and / or, the Brinell hardness of the second insulating sleeve is in the range of 50 to 90 HBW.

[0008] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the second insulating sleeve protrudes outward to form a plurality of protrusions, each of the protrusions being spaced apart along the axial direction of the second insulating sleeve, and the protrusion lengths between two adjacent protrusions being unequal.

[0009] In some embodiments, the receiving channel has an insertion end and a connecting end disposed opposite to each other, the insertion end being used for inserting the cable; the inner diameter of the receiving channel remains consistent along the axial direction of the first insulating sleeve, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve gradually increases from the connecting end to the insertion end.

[0010] In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the first insulating sleeve, the inner diameter of the second insulating sleeve gradually increases from the connecting end to the insertion end, and matches the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve.

[0011] In some embodiments, the high-voltage cable terminal further includes a connector disposed at the connection end, the connector being connected to the second insulating sleeve, and the connector forming a connection channel communicating with the receiving channel, the connection channel being used for the cable to extend out.

[0012] In some embodiments, the high-voltage cable terminal further includes a semi-conductive stress cone, which is inserted into the insertion end of the first insulating sleeve.

[0013] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the cable is a, and the inner diameter of the receiving channel ranges from a-2mm to a-12mm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the receiving channel has an insertion end and a connection end disposed opposite to each other, the insertion end being used for inserting the cable; the inner diameter of the receiving channel is b, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve is c, wherein, at the connection end, the difference between b and c ranges from 20mm to 40mm; at the insertion end, the difference between b and c ranges from 40mm to 60mm.

[0015] The aforementioned high-voltage cable terminal includes a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve fitted around the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve. The cable can be installed in the receiving channel of the first insulating sleeve and electrically connected to the external structure. At the same time, the first and second insulating sleeves provide dual protection for the cable, which not only improves the insulation performance of the high-voltage cable terminal, but also increases the probability of the high-voltage cable terminal withstanding severe weather or other factors, thereby improving the reliability of the safe operation of electrified railways. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-voltage cable terminal according to one or more embodiments.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first insulating sleeve in a high-voltage cable terminal according to one or more embodiments.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, high-voltage cable terminal; 10, first insulating sleeve; 20, second insulating sleeve; 30, connector; 40, semi-conductive stress cone; 11, receiving channel; 12, insertion end; 13, connecting end; 21, protruding tooth; 31, connecting channel; X, axial direction. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0025] See Figure 1 This application provides a high-voltage cable terminal 100 for use in high-speed trains. The high-voltage cable terminal 100 includes a first insulating sleeve 10 and a second insulating sleeve 20. The second insulating sleeve 20 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve 10. The interior of the first insulating sleeve 10 extends along its own axial direction X to form a receiving channel 11. The receiving channel 11 is used for threading cables (not shown in the figure).

[0026] Specifically, the shapes of the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can be adjusted according to the actual shape of the cable. For example, the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can be set as cylindrical structures. The second insulating sleeve 20 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve 10. Specifically, a lubricant such as silicone oil or silicone grease can be applied to the outer peripheral surface of the first insulating sleeve 10 or the inner peripheral surface of the second insulating sleeve 20 so that the second insulating sleeve 20 can be smoothly fitted onto the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve 10 and have an interference fit with the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0027] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the second insulating sleeve 20 is designed to match the outer shape of the first insulating sleeve 10, and the interference fit on one side during installation can be set between 1mm and 3mm, so that the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can be smoothly and stably fitted together.

[0028] The first insulating sleeve 10 is hollow inside, forming a receiving channel 11 that extends through it along its own axial direction X. A cable can be inserted into the receiving channel 11, and the front end of the cable can extend out of the receiving channel 11 to achieve electrical connection of the circuit.

[0029] With the above structure, the cable can be placed in the receiving channel 11 of the first insulating sleeve 10 and electrically connected to the external structure. At the same time, the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 provide dual protection for the cable, which not only improves the insulation performance of the high-voltage cable terminal 100, but also increases the probability of the high-voltage cable terminal 100 withstanding severe weather or other factors, thereby improving the reliability of the safe operation of electrified railways.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first insulating sleeve 10 is configured as an elastic element. And / or, the second insulating sleeve 20 is configured as an elastic element.

[0031] Specifically, either the first insulating sleeve 10 or the second insulating sleeve 20 can be configured as an elastic element, or both can be configured as elastic elements simultaneously. In this way, the first insulating sleeve 10 and / or the second insulating sleeve 20 can possess good elasticity, flexibility, and mechanical properties. When the cable is inserted into the receiving channel 11, the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can, through their high clamping force, expel air from the interface with the cable insulation, forming a vacuum insulation interface, thereby obtaining a high interface disruption electric field.

[0032] Furthermore, by adjusting the relative position between the first insulating sleeve 10 and the cable, the electric field at the cable's outer conductor break point is improved and reduced, thereby reducing the risk of cable insulation breakdown and greatly improving the safe operation of the roof cable.

[0033] In addition, both the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can be formed by injection molding of insulating rubber, wherein the insulating rubber can be, but is not limited to, silicone rubber or EPDM rubber.

[0034] In some embodiments, the Brinell hardness of the first insulating sleeve 10 is in the range of 30 to 60 HBW. And / or, the Brinell hardness of the second insulating sleeve 20 is in the range of 50 to 90 HBW.

[0035] Specifically, when the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 are in use, since they are installed on the top of the train and run at high speeds of 250km / h-450km / h with the train, it is also necessary to prevent their surfaces from being easily scratched or damaged by foreign objects due to their soft structure, and the wounds will continue to expand as the wind pressure tears them.

[0036] Based on this, setting the Brinell hardness of the first insulating sleeve 10 and / or the second insulating sleeve 20 within the aforementioned range allows the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 to possess excellent electrical insulation performance, good mechanical properties, and good weather resistance. Simultaneously, the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 can also withstand the impact of foreign objects during high-speed operation and the tearing effect of wind pressure during high-speed operation, effectively protecting the cable inside the high-voltage cable terminal 100.

[0037] Furthermore, it should be noted that the interference fit design between the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 effectively prevents interface tearing caused by the difference in shrinkage / expansion of the two insulating rubbers with different hardness after repeated high and low temperature cycles. Currently, the interference fit between the first insulating sleeve 10 and the second insulating sleeve 20 only needs to ensure that the shrinkage of the first insulating sleeve 10 at low temperatures is lower than the interference to ensure that the interface breakdown electric field is much greater than the electric field strength on the outer surface of the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0038] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the second insulating sleeve 20 has a plurality of protruding teeth 21, each protruding tooth 21 being spaced apart along the axial direction X of the second insulating sleeve 20, and the protrusion lengths between two adjacent protruding teeth 21 are not equal.

[0039] Specifically, the shape of the second insulating sleeve 20 can be configured as an umbrella skirt sleeve, that is, multiple protrusions 21 are formed on the outer periphery of the second insulating sleeve 20. The protrusions 21 can ensure sufficient creepage distance and improve the product's resistance to contamination. In this way, when the high-voltage cable terminal 100 is installed on the EMU and runs with the train, the second insulating sleeve 20 can withstand the pressure and deformation applied to the umbrella skirt surface at speeds of 250km / h to 450km / h.

[0040] Furthermore, multiple protruding teeth 21 are spaced apart along the axial direction X of the second insulating sleeve 20, and the protrusion lengths between adjacent protruding teeth 21 are unequal. That is, the second insulating sleeve 20 is configured as a skirt structure with unequal diameters. In this way, the high-voltage cable terminal 100 can simultaneously meet the requirements of a creepage distance ≥1000mm for indoor use and a creepage distance ≥1200mm for outdoor use.

[0041] Of course, if the high-voltage cable terminal 100 is only used indoors, the second insulating sleeve 20 can also be set as an equal diameter umbrella, which can meet the usage requirements, and will not be elaborated here.

[0042] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the receiving channel 11 has an insertion end 12 and a connecting end 13 disposed opposite to each other, the insertion end 12 being used for cable insertion. Along the axial direction X of the first insulating sleeve 10, the inner diameter of the receiving channel 11 remains constant, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10 gradually increases from the connecting end 13 towards the insertion end 12.

[0043] Specifically, the two opposite ends of the receiving channel 11 are the insertion end 12 and the connection end 13, respectively. The cable can be inserted into the receiving channel 11 from the insertion end 12 and extend from the connection end 13 to achieve electrical connection of the line.

[0044] Furthermore, along the axial direction X of the first insulating sleeve 10, that is, in the through direction of the receiving channel 11, the inner diameter of the receiving channel 11 remains constant, while the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10 gradually increases from the connecting end 13 to the insertion end 12. In other words, the thickness of the first insulating sleeve 10 gradually increases from the connecting end 13 to the insertion end 12.

[0045] In this way, by setting the thickness of the first insulating sleeve 10 gradually, the insulation effect at both ends of the cable can be better balanced, making the electric field more stable.

[0046] In some embodiments, along the axial direction X of the first insulating sleeve 10, the inner diameter of the second insulating sleeve 20 gradually increases from the connecting end 13 to the insertion end 12, and matches the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0047] Specifically, the inner diameter of the second insulating sleeve 20 is set to be smaller at one end and larger at the other end, so that the end with the smaller inner diameter matches the end with the smaller outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10, and the end with the larger inner diameter matches the end with the larger outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0048] In this way, the second insulating sleeve 20 can be more stably fitted around the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve 10, providing more stable protection for the first insulating sleeve 10 and the cable in the receiving channel 11.

[0049] In some embodiments, the high-voltage cable terminal 100 further includes a connector 30 disposed on the connection end 13, the connector 30 being connected to the second insulating sleeve 20, and the connector 30 forming a connection channel 31 communicating with the receiving channel 11, the connection channel 31 being used for cable extension.

[0050] Specifically, the connector 30 may be, but is not limited to, a connecting fitting. The connecting fitting may be embedded in one end of the second insulating sleeve 20 and abut against the first insulating sleeve 10. When the second insulating sleeve 20 is fitted around the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve 10, the connector 30 is positioned at the connecting end 13 of the receiving channel 11.

[0051] The connecting fitting has a central opening to form a connecting channel 31 that communicates with the receiving channel 11. The inner diameter of the connecting channel 31 can be set to 20mm~40mm. One end of the cable can extend out from the connecting channel 31 to achieve electrical connection of the line.

[0052] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the connecting hardware can be increased by 10mm to 20mm based on the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10. This achieves both a uniform electric field at the top of the high-voltage cable terminal 100 and takes into account the design of the product's electrical clearance.

[0053] In addition, multiple threaded holes can be pre-drilled on the surface of the connecting hardware to secure the cable and prevent it from slipping off.

[0054] In some embodiments, the high-voltage cable terminal 100 further includes a semi-conductive stress cone 40, which is inserted into the insertion end 12 of the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0055] Specifically, the thickness of the insertion end 12 on the first insulating sleeve 10 is greater than the thickness of the connection end 13, so that the semi-conductive stress cone 40 can be better inserted into the insertion end 12.

[0056] The semi-conductive stress cone 40 may be, but is not limited to, made of semi-conductive rubber, and the semi-conductive stress cone 40 and the first insulating sleeve 10 may be bonded together by means of injection molding, gluing, spraying, etc.

[0057] Of course, the size of the channel 11 can be adjusted according to the size of the cable; currently, the cable includes 1*95mm... 2 1*120mm 2 1*240mm 2 There are three specifications, with cable insulation outer diameters ranging from 28.5mm to 40.9mm. Therefore, the larger the outer diameter of the first insulation sleeve 10, the lower the surface electric field strength and the safer the operation. However, it needs to be set in combination with product size and weight limitations.

[0058] With the above structure, the semi-conductive stress cone 40 can be used to uniformize the electric field at the cable break, making the electric field more uniform and stable.

[0059] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the cable is a, and the inner diameter of the receiving channel 11 ranges from a-2mm to a-12mm.

[0060] Specifically, the outer diameter of the cable is 'a', which actually refers to the outer diameter of the cable insulation after polishing. Thus, by setting the inner diameter of the accommodating channel 11 within the aforementioned range, superior electrical insulation performance can be achieved through a certain amount of interference fit with the cable insulation.

[0061] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the receiving channel 11 is b, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10 is c, wherein at the connecting end 13, the difference between b and c ranges from 20 mm to 40 mm. At the insertion end 12, the difference between b and c ranges from 40 mm to 60 mm.

[0062] Specifically, the connecting end 13 and the insertion end 12 are connected by a ramp. The outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10 will affect the insulation performance of the high-voltage cable terminal 100 and the actual weight of the product.

[0063] Therefore, by setting the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10 within the above-mentioned range, the insulation performance of the high-voltage cable terminal 100 can be effectively improved while optimizing the actual weight of the product.

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] A high-voltage cable terminal 100 includes a first insulating sleeve 10 and a second insulating sleeve 20 sequentially fitted onto the cable. The first insulating sleeve 10 has a smaller outer diameter at its connecting end 13 and a larger outer diameter at its insertion end 12, with a ramp in the middle for transition. The first insulating sleeve 10 is hollow in the middle, forming a receiving channel 11 for use with the cable. The second insulating sleeve 20 has a smaller inner diameter at one end and a larger inner diameter at the other, with a ramp in the middle for transition. The end with the smaller inner diameter mates with the end with the smaller outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10, and the end with the larger inner diameter mates with the end with the larger outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve 10.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] As described in Embodiment 1, in a high-voltage cable terminal 100, the connecting hardware is prefabricated inside the second insulating sleeve 20 in the factory, which reduces the number of water inlet channels at the front end and improves the sealing performance of the front end of the high-voltage cable terminal 100. When the second insulating sleeve 20 is fitted onto the first insulating sleeve 10, the inner surface of the connecting hardware contacts the upper surface of the first insulating sleeve 10, preventing it from moving further. At the same time, the connecting hardware positions the cable and the semi-conductive stress cone 40 by fixing it to the cable.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] As described in Embodiment 1, a high-voltage cable terminal 100 can meet the following electrical performance requirements: operating AC voltage of 27.5kV, maximum AC voltage of 31kV, high-frequency voltage of 88kV in the line, and withstand lightning impulse voltage of ±250kV. Simultaneously, the second insulating sleeve 20 withstands the pressure and deformation applied to the surface of the skirt at a speed of 350km / h.

[0071] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0072] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-voltage cable terminal, characterized in that, Applied to high-speed trains, the high-voltage cable terminal includes a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve, the second insulating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first insulating sleeve, and the interior of the first insulating sleeve extends along its own axial direction to form a receiving channel; The accommodating channel is used for cable routing.

2. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first insulating sleeve is configured as an elastic element; and / or, the second insulating sleeve is configured as an elastic element.

3. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first insulating sleeve has a Brinell hardness range of 30~60 HBW; and / or, the second insulating sleeve has a Brinell hardness range of 50~90 HBW.

4. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the second insulating sleeve protrudes outward to form a plurality of protruding teeth, each of which is spaced apart along the axial direction of the second insulating sleeve, and the protrusion length between two adjacent protruding teeth is not equal.

5. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving channel has an insertion end and a connection end arranged opposite to each other, the insertion end being used for inserting the cable; Along the axial direction of the first insulating sleeve, the inner diameter of the receiving channel remains consistent, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve gradually increases from the connecting end to the insertion end.

6. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the first insulating sleeve, the inner diameter of the second insulating sleeve gradually increases from the connecting end to the insertion end, and matches the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve.

7. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable terminal also includes a connector disposed at the connection end, the connector being connected to the second insulating sleeve, and the connector forming a connection channel communicating with the receiving channel, the connection channel being used for the cable to extend out.

8. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-voltage cable terminal also includes a semi-conductive stress cone, which is inserted into the insertion end of the first insulating sleeve.

9. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the cable is 'a', and the inner diameter of the receiving channel ranges from 'a-2mm' to 'a-12mm'.

10. The high-voltage cable terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving channel has an insertion end and a connection end arranged opposite to each other, the insertion end being used for inserting the cable; The inner diameter of the receiving channel is b, and the outer diameter of the first insulating sleeve is c. At the connecting end, the difference between b and c ranges from 20mm to 40mm; at the insertion end, the difference between b and c ranges from 40mm to 60mm.

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