Thermal runaway protection device and battery

Abstract

This application relates to the field of battery structure, and in particular to a thermal runaway protection device and a battery. The thermal runaway protection device includes a flame-retardant shell, extinguishing gas, and multiple extinguishing bags; each extinguishing bag includes a filling bag and extinguishing material; the extinguishing material is placed inside the filling bag, which ruptures at a first preset temperature; the flame-retardant shell has a receiving cavity, and multiple extinguishing bags are spaced apart within the receiving cavity, which is filled with extinguishing gas; the flame-retardant shell ruptures at a second preset temperature, where the first preset temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature. The thermal runaway protection device provided by this application, by placing extinguishing bags and extinguishing gas inside the flame-retardant shell, allows the high temperature to rupture the flame-retardant shell when thermal runaway occurs, releasing the extinguishing gas from the receiving cavity into the battery pack for oxygen removal and isolation. Simultaneously, the filling bag of the extinguishing bag ruptures due to heat, releasing the extinguishing material, which forms foam or dry powder to cover the surface of the fire source, inhibiting the occurrence and development of combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery structure, and in particular to a thermal runaway protection device and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] To address the issue of thermal runaway in electric vehicles, current battery pack designs incorporate high-temperature resistant materials such as mica paper, composite mica cotton, and ceramic composite tape. These materials are typically adhered to the battery pack cover or the inner side of the housing frame.

[0003] The aforementioned solutions are limited to passive heat insulation measures. Once thermal runaway occurs in the battery, protective materials such as mica paper can only slow down the time it takes for flames to erupt from the battery pack, but cannot effectively suppress or isolate the fire source. These limitations prevent electric vehicles from achieving higher safety levels. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a thermal runaway protection device and battery that can effectively suppress and isolate the fire source when the battery experiences thermal runaway.

[0005] This application provides a thermal runaway protection device, including a flame-retardant shell, extinguishing gas, and multiple extinguishing bags;

[0006] The fire extinguishing bag includes a filling bag and fire extinguishing material; the fire extinguishing material is placed inside the filling bag, and the filling bag ruptures at a first preset temperature;

[0007] The flame-retardant shell is provided with a receiving cavity, and multiple fire extinguishing bags are spaced apart in the receiving cavity, and the fire extinguishing gas fills the receiving cavity; the flame-retardant shell ruptures at a second preset temperature;

[0008] The first preset temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the flame-retardant shell further includes a first flame-retardant plate and a second flame-retardant plate;

[0010] The edge of the first flame-retardant plate is connected to the edge of the second flame-retardant plate, and the receiving cavity is the gap formed between the first flame-retardant plate and the second flame-retardant plate.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the first flame-retardant plate is a rubber plate, and the first flame-retardant plate is close to the heat source; the first flame-retardant plate cracks at the second preset temperature;

[0012] The second flame-retardant plate is a ceramicized silicone rubber plate, and the second flame-retardant plate is located on the side of the first flame-retardant plate away from the heat source.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the fire extinguishing bag is strip-shaped, and the length direction of the fire extinguishing bag is the width direction of the gap;

[0014] Multiple fire extinguishing bags are arranged at intervals along the length of the gap; any one of the fire extinguishing bags is connected to the first flame-retardant plate and / or the second flame-retardant plate.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the fire extinguishing gas further includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, argon, or krypton.

[0016] Furthermore, the above technical solution also includes a humidity sensor; the humidity sensor is installed on the outside of the flame-retardant shell, and the humidity sensor is located on the side of the flame-retardant shell closer to the heat source.

[0017] In the above technical solution, a damping pad is further included; the damping pad is located on the outside of the flame-retardant shell, and the damping pad is connected to a preset sidewall of the flame-retardant shell, the preset sidewall being the wall surface where the flame-retardant shell is connected to the installation position.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the number of damping pads is multiple, and the multiple damping pads are spaced apart along the length direction of the flame-retardant shell.

[0019] This application also provides a battery including the thermal runaway protection device described above.

[0020] Furthermore, the above technical solution also includes a housing, wherein the thermal runaway protection device is connected to the inner side of the upper cover of the housing.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0022] The thermal runaway protection device provided in this application, by placing a fire extinguishing bag and fire extinguishing gas inside a flame-retardant shell, allows the high temperature to rupture the flame-retardant shell when the battery experiences thermal runaway. This releases the fire extinguishing gas within the containment cavity, which then diffuses into the battery pack to remove and isolate oxygen. Simultaneously, the filling bag of the fire extinguishing bag ruptures due to heat, releasing granular fire extinguishing material. This material forms foam or dry powder that covers the surface of the fire source. The fire extinguishing gas is non-flammable and highly stable, effectively isolating oxygen and inhibiting the occurrence and development of combustion reactions, thereby more effectively controlling and extinguishing the fire source.

[0023] This application also provides a battery, including the thermal runaway protection device described in the above solution. Based on the above analysis, it is clear that the battery also possesses the aforementioned beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated upon further here. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection device provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the thermal runaway protection device and the battery cover provided in this application.

[0027] In the diagram: 101-Housing shell; 102-Battery cell; 103-Flame-retardant shell; 104-Fire extinguishing bag; 105-Receiving cavity; 106-First flame-retardant plate; 107-Second flame-retardant plate; 108-Humidity sensor; 109-Damping pad; 110-Top cover. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The thermal runaway protection device provided in this application can be used inside the housing 101 of the battery pack. The thermal runaway protection device is located between at least one side wall of the housing 101 and the cell 102. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, it can effectively suppress and isolate the fire source, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0033] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the thermal runaway protection device provided in this application includes a flame-retardant shell 103, extinguishing gas, and multiple extinguishing bags 104; the extinguishing bag 104 includes a filling bag and extinguishing material, with the extinguishing material filling the filling bag; the flame-retardant shell 103 is provided with a receiving cavity 105, and the multiple extinguishing bags 104 are spaced apart in the receiving cavity 105, with the extinguishing gas filling the receiving cavity 105.

[0034] Specifically, the flame-retardant shell 103 is used to secure the fire extinguishing pack 104 and contain the extinguishing gas. It also provides thermal isolation for the battery cell 102 in the early stages of thermal runaway, delaying heat diffusion and preventing the fire from spreading to surrounding components. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas breaks through the flame-retardant shell 103, releasing the extinguishing gas from the containment cavity 105 and allowing it to diffuse into the battery pack, thus removing and isolating oxygen. Simultaneously, the filling bag of the fire extinguishing pack 104 ruptures due to heat, releasing granular extinguishing material. This material forms foam or dry powder to cover the surface of the fire source. The extinguishing gas is non-flammable and highly stable, effectively isolating oxygen and inhibiting the occurrence and development of combustion reactions, thereby more effectively controlling and extinguishing the fire.

[0035] Multiple extinguishing bags 104 are spaced apart within the containment cavity 105, enabling the release of extinguishing materials over a wide area in the event of thermal runaway. This distribution method achieves multi-point coverage of the heat source, improving response speed and extinguishing efficiency. The arrangement of multiple extinguishing bags 104 provides multiple protection mechanisms. Even if some extinguishing bags 104 fail and cannot release extinguishing materials, the other extinguishing bags 104 can continue to operate, improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0036] In addition, during normal battery operation, the flame-retardant casing 103 is filled with fire-extinguishing gas, and the stationary gas has the characteristic of low thermal conductivity. The thermal runaway protection device can form a heat insulation wall, effectively blocking the heat exchange between the battery pack and other components, thus creating a heat preservation effect on the battery. This can delay the loss of heat in low-temperature environments and improve battery performance.

[0037] In this embodiment, the extinguishing gas may include at least one of hexafluoropropane, argon, or krypton.

[0038] In this embodiment, hexafluoropropane can rapidly extinguish fires at low concentrations by interrupting the combustion chain reaction through chemical inhibition. Argon and krypton are both inert gases that can inhibit the combustion reaction by reducing the oxygen concentration and do not participate in the chemical reaction, thus producing no byproducts. All of the above gases are harmless to humans and do not produce toxic gases during fire extinguishing, ensuring a high level of safety.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the flame-retardant shell 103 includes a first flame-retardant plate 106 and a second flame-retardant plate 107; the edge of the first flame-retardant plate 106 is connected to the edge of the second flame-retardant plate 107, and the receiving cavity 105 is the gap formed between the first flame-retardant plate 106 and the second flame-retardant plate 107. This structure provides a flatter thermal runaway protection device with a thickness between 0.15 mm and 1.5 mm, allowing it to be placed within the gap between the battery cell 102 and the shell 101 without occupying excessive space.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first flame-retardant plate 106 is a rubber plate, which is close to the heat source; the first flame-retardant plate 106 cracks at a second preset temperature; the second flame-retardant plate 107 is a ceramicized silicone rubber plate, and the second flame-retardant plate 107 is located on the side of the first flame-retardant plate 106 away from the battery cell.

[0041] In this embodiment, specifically, the first flame-retardant plate 106 is made of a wear-resistant and flame-retardant rubber material, such as neoprene rubber, flame-retardant urethane rubber, modified silicone rubber, etc., which can melt at high temperatures to release the internal fire extinguishing pack 104 and extinguishing gas. It also has good softness and elasticity, allowing it to deform to fit the inner surface of the battery casing 101. The second flame-retardant plate 107 is made of ceramicized fire-resistant silicone rubber material. It not only has good softness and elasticity, allowing it to deform to fit the inner surface of the battery casing 101, but also, due to the ceramicized fire-resistant silicone rubber having been subjected to prolonged flame erosion, forms a hard, ceramic-like armored shell, providing good heat insulation and flame retardancy.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the fire extinguishing bag 104 is strip-shaped, and the length direction of the fire extinguishing bag 104 is the width direction of the gap; multiple fire extinguishing bags 104 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the gap; any fire extinguishing bag 104 is connected to the first flame-retardant plate 106 and / or the second flame-retardant plate 107.

[0043] In this embodiment, by arranging multiple strip-shaped fire extinguishing bags 104 at intervals along the length of the gap, when the battery experiences thermal runaway, it can be ensured that the fire extinguishing material is more evenly distributed within the battery casing 101, thereby quickly and comprehensively covering the fire source and improving fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0044] Optionally, the fire extinguishing bag 104 can be glued to the inside of the first flame-retardant plate 106 to fix the fire extinguishing bag 104 and prevent it from moving. When the temperature rises to the second preset temperature, the second flame-retardant plate 107 melts due to heat, but the filling bag does not rupture so that the fire extinguishing bag 104 can still be attached to the first flame-retardant plate 106. When the temperature rises to the first preset temperature, the filling bag ruptures, and the fire extinguishing material inside can be sprinkled onto the battery cell 102, thereby increasing the coverage area of ​​the fire extinguishing material.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the thermal runaway protection device further includes a humidity sensor 108. The humidity sensor 108 is installed on the outside of the flame-retardant housing 103, and is located on the side of the flame-retardant housing 103 closest to the heat source. Specifically, multiple humidity sensors 108 can be added to the surrounding area of ​​the flame-retardant housing 103 to monitor the humidity inside the battery pack. In the early stages of thermal runaway, the increased temperature may cause local humidity changes (such as moisture evaporation). By monitoring humidity changes, potential thermal runaway risks can be detected earlier.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The thermal runaway protection device in this embodiment is an improvement on the above embodiments. The technical content disclosed in the above embodiments will not be described again, and the content disclosed in the above embodiments also belongs to the content disclosed in this embodiment.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the thermal runaway protection device further includes a damping pad 109; the damping pad 109 is located on the outside of the flame-retardant shell 103, and the damping pad 109 is connected to a preset side wall of the flame-retardant shell 103, the preset side wall being the wall surface where the flame-retardant shell 103 is connected to the installation position.

[0049] In this embodiment, for four-wheel drive sports models, there is generally a high-voltage wiring channel in the middle of the battery pack. The four-wheel drive current generates a magnetic field through the high-voltage wiring harness, and the magnetic field has electromagnetic force, causing vibration and noise in the housing 101. This application adds a damping pad 109 between the flame-retardant housing 103 and the battery housing 101, which can reduce the low-frequency vibration and noise generation of the housing 101. For example, when the thermal runaway protection device is attached to the upper cover 110 of the housing 101, it can reduce the vibration and fatigue damage of the upper cover 110, and solve the problem of magnetic field howling generated by the high-voltage channel in the middle of the four-wheel drive battery pack.

[0050] In this embodiment, the number of damping pads 109 is multiple, and the multiple damping pads 109 are spaced apart along the length direction of the flame-retardant shell 103. Figure 1The diagram shows two damping pads 109, spaced apart at the center of a pre-designed sidewall. Specifically, the damping pads 109 are butyl damping pads with a damping coefficient between 0.3 and 0.65 and a thickness between 1 mm and 2 mm. The thickness of the damping pads 109 meets the requirements for reducing vibration and noise without taking up excessive space.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] This application provides a battery in embodiment three, which includes the thermal runaway protection device of any of the above embodiments. Therefore, it has all the beneficial technical effects of the thermal runaway protection device of any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, the battery further includes a housing 101, and a thermal runaway protection device is adapted and connected to the inner side of the upper cover 110 of the housing 101. For example... Figure 2 As shown, similar to the structure of the upper cover 110 of the housing 101, the edge of the thermal runaway protection device is bent downwards. Specifically, the thermal runaway protection device is attached to the inside of the upper cover 110 by thermoforming or vacuum forming.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway protection device, characterized in that, Includes a flame-retardant casing, extinguishing gas, and multiple fire extinguishing bags; The fire extinguishing bag includes a filling bag and fire extinguishing material; the fire extinguishing material is placed inside the filling bag, and the filling bag ruptures at a first preset temperature; The flame-retardant shell is provided with a receiving cavity, and multiple fire extinguishing bags are spaced apart in the receiving cavity, and the fire extinguishing gas fills the receiving cavity; the flame-retardant shell ruptures at a second preset temperature; The first preset temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature.

2. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame-retardant shell includes a first flame-retardant plate and a second flame-retardant plate; The edge of the first flame-retardant plate is connected to the edge of the second flame-retardant plate, and the receiving cavity is the gap formed between the first flame-retardant plate and the second flame-retardant plate.

3. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first flame-retardant plate is a rubber plate, and the first flame-retardant plate is close to the heat source; the first flame-retardant plate cracks at the second preset temperature; The second flame-retardant plate is a ceramicized silicone rubber plate, and the second flame-retardant plate is located on the side of the first flame-retardant plate away from the heat source.

4. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing bag is strip-shaped, and the length direction of the fire extinguishing bag is the width direction of the gap; Multiple fire extinguishing bags are arranged at intervals along the length of the gap; any one of the fire extinguishing bags is connected to the first flame-retardant plate and / or the second flame-retardant plate.

5. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extinguishing gas includes at least one of hexafluoropropane, argon, or krypton.

6. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a humidity sensor; the humidity sensor is installed on the outside of the flame-retardant housing, and the humidity sensor is located on the side of the flame-retardant housing closer to the heat source.

7. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a damping pad; the damping pad is located on the outside of the flame-retardant shell, and the damping pad is connected to a preset side wall of the flame-retardant shell, the preset side wall being the wall surface where the flame-retardant shell is connected to the installation position.

8. The thermal runaway protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of damping pads is multiple, and the multiple damping pads are spaced apart along the length direction of the flame-retardant shell.

9. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the thermal runaway protection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a housing, and the thermal runaway protection device is connected to the inner side of the upper cover of the housing.

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