Anti-blocking biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace

Abstract

This utility model discloses an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, belonging to the technical field of biomass energy conversion equipment. It includes a furnace body, whose internal cavity is divided from top to bottom into interconnected drying, pyrolysis, combustion, purification, and slag discharge zones. A central shaft is fixed in the center of the slag discharge zone and vertically positioned. A slag guide plate is coaxially fixed to the top of the central shaft. The upper surface of the slag guide plate is a conical surface that gradually decreases from its center to its edge. Multiple circumferentially arrayed, vertically upward-pointing slag tips are fixed on this conical surface; these tips are four-pronged. The slag guide plate is located directly below the purification zone, and its coverage area is greater than or equal to the lower opening area of ​​the purification zone. This anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, through its targeted slag discharge zone structural design, actively crushes large particles of carbon slag produced by pyrolysis, preventing slag discharge blockage and improving the stability and efficiency of the gasification furnace operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of biomass energy conversion equipment, specifically an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass pyrolysis gasification technology is an important way to convert agricultural and forestry waste (such as straw and sawdust) into clean combustible gases (mainly containing H2, CO, and CH4), possessing dual value in environmental protection and resource utilization. However, existing gasifiers generally suffer from the following problems in actual operation: When biomass feedstock undergoes incomplete pyrolysis in the pyrolysis zone, it easily generates large-particle char slag (typically >10mm in diameter). As this char slag moves downwards to the slag discharge zone, its large size or irregular shape can easily cause it to become stuck in the slag discharge channel or outlet, leading to poor or even complete blockage. Slag blockage disrupts the gas-solid flow balance within the furnace, reducing pyrolysis efficiency and gasification reaction rate. In severe cases, it necessitates shutdown for cleaning, significantly increasing operating costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasifier. Through targeted slag discharge zone structural design, large particles of carbon slag produced by pyrolysis are actively crushed to avoid slag discharge blockage and improve the stability and efficiency of gasifier operation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A clog-resistant biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace includes a furnace body, the inner cavity of which is divided from top to bottom into an interconnected drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, a combustion zone, a purification zone, and a slag discharge zone. Its core improvement lies in the following: a central axis is fixed in the slag discharge area and is set vertically in the center. A slag guide plate is fixed coaxially at the top of the central axis. The upper surface of the slag guide plate is a conical surface that gradually decreases from its center to its edge. Multiple slag tips are fixed on the conical surface, which are arranged in a circumferential array and pointing vertically upward. The slag tips are four-pronged tips. The slag guide plate is located directly below the purification zone, and the coverage area of ​​the slag guide plate is greater than or equal to the lower opening area of ​​the purification zone.

[0005] By adopting the above scheme, after the large carbon slag particles are formed, they fall onto the slag guide plate under the action of gravity. Since the newly formed large carbon slag particles are brittle, they can be easily crushed by the four forked tips of the slag guide plate, thereby solving or alleviating the problem of slag discharge blockage and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the gasifier.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, a rotating seat is also provided in the ash discharge zone, which is coaxially rotated on the central shaft and located below the ash guide plate. Multiple ash-sweeping bars are connected to the side wall of the rotating seat in a circumferential array and close to the bottom wall of the ash discharge zone. The ash-sweeping bars can clean the entire bottom wall of the ash discharge zone after rotating with the rotating seat. A ash discharge port is opened on the side wall of the ash discharge zone at the same height as the ash-sweeping bars and connected to the outside. The rotating ash-sweeping bars gradually sweep the falling charcoal slag and other combustibles to the ash discharge port.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, a mounting frame is fixed on the outer wall of the ash discharge zone. A horizontally arranged ash conveying cylinder connected to the ash discharge port is fixed inside the mounting frame. A spiral ash conveying roller is rotatably installed inside the ash conveying cylinder. One end of the ash conveying cylinder is equipped with a motor that drives the spiral ash conveying roller to rotate and is fixed on the mounting frame. A drive disk is also fixed above all the ash sweeping bars in the ash discharge zone. The drive disk has multiple circumferentially arrayed meshing openings. Each spiral blade of the spiral ash conveying roller meshes with each meshing opening of the drive disk. The spiral ash conveying roller not only realizes the outward conveying of carbon ash, but also drives the drive disk to realize the synchronous rotation and cleaning of the ash sweeping bars, resulting in lower energy consumption.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, a slag storage tank is connected to the end of the slag conveying cylinder away from the motor, and a cover plate that can be opened or closed is installed on the top of the slag storage tank; the discharged carbon slag and other materials are stored in the slag storage tank, and when the slag storage tank is full, the cover plate is opened to centrally process the carbon slag.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of a clog-resistant biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, the furnace body includes an outer furnace wall structure and an inner furnace wall structure, wherein the inner furnace wall structure exists only in the pyrolysis zone, combustion zone, and purification zone, thereby reducing material costs while ensuring that the reaction zone has high-temperature resistance.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of a clog-proof biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, a fuel injection pipe is connected to the outer wall of the drying zone, which is used to continuously input biomass raw materials (such as straw and sawdust).

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of a clog-proof biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, a gasifying agent injection pipe and a syngas discharge pipe are respectively connected to the outer wall of the pyrolysis zone. The gasifying agent injection pipe and the syngas discharge pipe are connected to the space formed between the outer wall structure and the inner wall structure of the furnace. A gas transmission pipe that is connected to the gasifying agent injection pipe and spirally wound is also provided in the space formed between the outer wall structure and the inner wall structure of the furnace. The furnace wall structure in the pyrolysis zone has multiple circumferentially arrayed upper gas inlets, all of which are connected to the upper part of the gas supply pipe; the furnace wall structure in the combustion zone has multiple circumferentially arrayed lower gas inlets, all of which are connected to the lower part of the gas supply pipe, to achieve layered injection of the gasifying agent. The spirally wound gas supply pipe can preheat the gasifying agent, thereby ensuring that the gasifying agent reacts fully.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of an anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, the furnace inner wall structure in the purification zone is a variable diameter structure that first narrows and then widens from top to bottom. This can reduce the settling speed of dust and char in the syngas, increase the combustion reaction time, and improve the purity of the fuel gas.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. Active anti-clogging: After large carbon slag particles are formed, they fall onto the crushed slag guide plate under the action of gravity. Since the newly formed large carbon slag particles are brittle, they can be easily crushed by the four forked tips of the crushed slag guide plate, thereby solving or alleviating the problem of slag discharge blockage and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the gasifier. 2. High gasification efficiency: The layered gasification agent injection and variable diameter purification zone optimize the reaction environment and improve the syngas yield (15%-20% higher than traditional gasifiers). 3. Lower energy consumption: The spiral slag conveyor roller not only conveys the carbon slag outwards, but also drives the drive disc to achieve synchronous rotation and cleaning of the slag sweeping bar, resulting in lower energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 Three-dimensional structure for anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace Figure 1 ; Figure 2 Three-dimensional structure for anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a clog-resistant biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Internal structure diagram of the central slag discharge area; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Three-dimensional structure of the middle slag discharge zone Figure 1 ; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Three-dimensional structure of the middle slag discharge zone Figure 2 ; Figure 7 To hide Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the furnace body, slag conveying cylinder, and slag storage tank.

[0016] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-furnace body; 11-external furnace wall structure; 12-inner furnace wall structure; 2-drying zone; 21-fuel injection pipe; 3-pyrolysis zone; 31-gasifying agent injection pipe; 32-syngas discharge pipe; 33-gas transmission pipe; 34-upper gas transmission port; 4-combustion zone; 41-lower gas transmission port; 5-purification zone; 6-slag discharge zone; 61-central shaft; 62-slag guide plate; 63-slag tip; 64-rotating seat; 65-slag sweeping bar; 66-slag discharge port; 67-mounting frame; 68-slag conveying cylinder; 69-spiral slag conveying roller; 610-motor; 611-drive disc; 612-meshing opening; 613-slag storage tank; 614-cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a clog-resistant biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace includes a furnace body 1. The internal space of the furnace body 1 is divided into interconnected drying zone 2, pyrolysis zone 3, combustion zone 4, purification zone 5, and slag discharge zone 6 from top to bottom.

[0019] Continue as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the furnace body 1 includes an outer wall structure 11 and an inner wall structure 12. The inner wall structure 12 exists only in the pyrolysis zone 3, the combustion zone 4, and the purification zone 5, which reduces material costs while ensuring that the reaction zone has high temperature resistance.

[0020] Continue as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the outer wall of the drying zone 2 is connected to a fuel injection pipe 21 that connects to its interior, for continuous input of biomass raw materials (such as straw and sawdust).

[0021] Continue as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the outer wall of the pyrolysis zone 3 is connected to a gasifying agent injection pipe 31 and a syngas discharge pipe 32, respectively. Both the gasifying agent injection pipe 31 and the syngas discharge pipe 32 are connected to the space formed between the furnace outer wall structure 11 and the furnace inner wall structure 12. The space formed between the furnace outer wall structure 11 and the furnace inner wall structure 12 is also provided with a spirally wound gas supply pipe 33 connected to the gasifying agent injection pipe 31. The furnace inner wall structure 12 of the pyrolysis zone 3 has multiple circumferentially arrayed upper gas supply ports 34, and all upper gas supply ports 34 are connected to the upper part of the gas supply pipe 33. The furnace inner wall structure 12 of the combustion zone 4 has multiple circumferentially arrayed lower gas supply ports 41, and all lower gas supply ports 41 are connected to the lower part of the gas supply pipe 33, realizing the layered injection of the gasifying agent. The spirally wound gas supply pipe 33 can preheat the gasifying agent, thereby ensuring the gasifying agent reacts fully.

[0022] Continue as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the furnace wall structure 12 in the purification zone 5 is a variable diameter structure that first narrows and then widens from top to bottom. This can reduce the settling speed of dust and slag in the syngas, increase the combustion reaction time, and improve the purity of the fuel gas.

[0023] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, a central shaft 61 is fixed in the center of the slag discharge zone 6 and is vertically arranged. A slag guide plate 62 is coaxially fixed to the top of the central shaft 61. The upper surface of the slag guide plate 62 is a conical surface that gradually decreases from its center to its edge. Multiple circumferentially arranged and vertically upward-pointing slag tips 63 are fixed on this conical surface. The slag tips 63 are four-pronged tips. The slag guide plate 62 is located directly below the purification zone 5, and the coverage area of ​​the slag guide plate 62 is greater than or equal to the lower opening area of ​​the purification zone 5. After large slag particles are formed, they fall onto the slag guide plate 62 under the action of gravity. Since the newly formed large slag particles are brittle, they are easily broken by the four-pronged tips of the slag guide plate 62, thereby solving or alleviating the slag discharge blockage problem and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the gasifier.

[0024] Continue as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the slag discharge zone 6 is also equipped with a rotating seat 64 that rotates coaxially on the central shaft 61 and is located below the slag guide plate 62. Multiple slag sweeping bars 65 are connected to the side wall of the rotating seat 64, which are arranged in a circumferential array and close to the bottom wall of the slag discharge zone 6. The slag sweeping bars 65 can clean the entire bottom wall of the slag discharge zone 6 after rotating with the rotating seat 64. The side wall of the slag discharge zone 6 is provided with a slag discharge port 66 that is at the same height as the slag sweeping bars 65 and is connected to the outside. The rotating slag sweeping bars 65 gradually sweep the falling charcoal slag and other combustion materials to the slag discharge port 66.

[0025] Continue as Figures 4 to 7As shown, an installation frame 67 is fixed on the outer wall of the slag discharge area 6. A horizontally arranged slag conveying cylinder 68, which is connected to the slag discharge port 66, is fixed inside the installation frame 67. A spiral slag conveying roller 69 is rotatably installed inside the slag conveying cylinder 68. A motor 610, which drives the spiral slag conveying roller 69 to rotate and is fixed on the installation frame 67, is provided at one end of the slag conveying cylinder 68. A drive disk 611 is also provided in the slag discharge area 6, which is fixed above all the slag sweeping bars 65. The drive disk 611 has multiple circumferentially arrayed meshing openings 612. Each spiral blade of the spiral slag conveying roller 69 meshes with each meshing opening 612 of the drive disk 611. The spiral slag conveying roller 69 not only realizes the outward conveying of carbon slag, but also drives the drive disk 611 to realize the synchronous rotation and cleaning of the slag sweeping bars 65, which has lower energy consumption.

[0026] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, the end of the slag conveying cylinder 68 away from the motor 610 is connected to a slag storage tank 613. The top of the slag storage tank 613 is equipped with a cover plate 614 that can be opened or closed. The discharged carbon slag and other materials are stored in the slag storage tank 613. When the slag storage tank 613 is full, the cover plate 614 is opened to process the carbon slag.

[0027] Working principle: Biomass feedstock enters the drying zone 2 through fuel injection pipe 21 and moves downward under the action of gravity. It goes through drying (removing moisture), pyrolysis (generating volatiles and fixed carbon), combustion (fixed carbon reacts with gasifying agent to release heat) and purification (removing tar and dust) processes in sequence. Finally, the generated syngas is output from syngas discharge pipe 32.

[0028] The anti-clogging design for the slag discharge area works as follows: Charcoal slag crushing: After large charcoal slag particles are formed, they fall onto the slag guide plate 62 under the action of gravity. Since the newly formed large charcoal slag particles are brittle, they can be easily crushed into smaller particles by the four forked tips of the slag guide plate 62.

[0029] Rotary slag sweeping: The rotating seat 64 is driven by an external power source, which drives the slag sweeping bar 65 to rotate along the bottom wall of the slag discharge zone 6, pushing the crushed small particles of carbon slag towards the slag discharge port 66.

[0030] Slag conveying linkage: When the slag sweeping bar 65 rotates, the drive disc 611 above it rotates synchronously, engaging with the spiral blades of the spiral slag conveying roller 69 through the meshing opening 612, driving the spiral slag conveying roller 69 to rotate, continuously conveying the carbon slag from the slag discharge port 66 to the slag conveying cylinder 68, and finally falling into the slag storage tank 613. When the slag storage tank 613 is full, the cover plate 614 can be opened for cleaning, realizing continuous slag discharge.

[0031] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A clog-resistant biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace, comprising a furnace body, wherein the inner cavity of the furnace body is divided from top to bottom into an interconnected drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, a combustion zone, a purification zone, and a slag discharge zone; Its features are: The slag discharge area is fixed with a central shaft located in the center and vertically arranged. A slag guide plate is coaxially fixed to the top of the central shaft. The upper surface of the slag guide plate is a conical surface that gradually decreases from its center to its edge. Multiple slag tips that are circumferentially arrayed and vertically upward are fixed on the conical surface. The slag guide plate is located directly below the purification zone, and the coverage area of ​​the slag guide plate is greater than or equal to the lower opening area of ​​the purification zone.

2. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tip of the crushed material is a four-pronged tip.

3. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag discharge area is also equipped with a rotating seat that rotates coaxially on the central axis and is located below the slag guide plate. Multiple slag sweeping bars are connected to the side wall of the rotating seat and are arranged in a circumferential array close to the bottom wall of the slag discharge area. The slag sweeping bars can clean the entire bottom wall of the slag discharge area after rotating with the rotating seat. The side wall of the slag discharge area is provided with a slag discharge port that is at the same height as the slag sweeping bars and communicates with the outside.

4. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: An installation frame is fixed on the outer wall of the slag discharge area. A horizontally arranged slag conveying cylinder connected to the slag discharge port is fixed inside the installation frame. A spiral slag conveying roller is rotatably installed inside the slag conveying cylinder. One end of the slag conveying cylinder is equipped with a motor that drives the spiral slag conveying roller to rotate and is fixed on the installation frame. A drive disk is also provided in the slag discharge area, which is fixed above all the slag sweeping bars. The drive disk has multiple circumferentially arrayed meshing openings. Each spiral blade of the spiral slag conveying roller meshes with each meshing opening of the drive disk.

5. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end of the slag conveying cylinder furthest from the motor is connected to a slag storage tank, and the top of the slag storage tank is equipped with a cover that can be opened or closed.

6. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body includes an outer wall structure and an inner wall structure, wherein the inner wall structure exists only in the pyrolysis zone, combustion zone, and purification zone.

7. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fuel injection pipe that connects to the interior is connected to the outer wall of the drying zone.

8. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the pyrolysis zone is connected to a gasifying agent injection pipe and a syngas discharge pipe, respectively. Both the gasifying agent injection pipe and the syngas discharge pipe are connected to the space formed between the outer wall structure and the inner wall structure of the furnace. The space formed between the outer wall structure and the inner wall structure of the furnace is also provided with a gas transmission pipe that is connected to the gasifying agent injection pipe and spirally wound.

9. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: The furnace wall structure of the pyrolysis zone has multiple circumferentially arrayed upper gas inlets, all of which are connected to the upper part of the gas supply pipe; the furnace wall structure of the combustion zone has multiple circumferentially arrayed lower gas inlets, all of which are connected to the lower part of the gas supply pipe.

10. The anti-clogging biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace wall structure within the purification zone is a variable diameter structure that first narrows and then widens from top to bottom.

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