Water body detector

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of water body detector, it is related to aquatic ecological monitoring technical field, including detector circuit board, main control circuit board and multiple light sources, wherein, the first microcontroller of main control circuit board is used to receive the voltage signal transmission of detector circuit board by signal acquisition interface, and according to the reference table of prearranged voltage signal is converted into algal concentration and biomass;First microcontroller is also used to communicate with DAC chip by I2C function pin, to control DAC chip output analog signal to constant current drive module, and then control constant current drive module output specified constant current to multiple light sources;First microcontroller is also used to control the on-off of multiple light sources by IO function pin.The utility model can accurately control each light source, and control is simple, low in cost;And can real-time upload the algal concentration and biomass obtained to terminal equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water ecological monitoring technology, specifically to a water body detector. Background Technology

[0002] Algae concentration and biomass in surface water are core indicators for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and key indicators reflecting the quality of aquatic ecosystems and the water environment. However, in actual field environments, how to quickly and accurately measure algae content in situ has long been an extremely challenging task.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for detecting algal concentration and biomass in surface water include chlorophyll a concentration measurement and fluorescence spectroscopy. However, regardless of the method, they all basically require multiple light sources to illuminate the surface water. The microorganisms in the surface water then produce fluorescence. Based on the fluorescence characteristics of the luminescent clusters of algal cells and other microorganisms, the detection signals at multiple wavelengths are quantitatively converted into algal concentration and biomass. In this process, since the detection of fluorescence characteristics is related to the intensity and duration of the illumination, how to accurately control each light source is a problem. In addition, after obtaining the algal concentration and biomass, the data needs to be manually uploaded to the relevant terminal equipment, and the uploading is not timely, resulting in low real-time performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water body detector that solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the inability to accurately control each light source and the untimely data upload, resulting in low real-time performance. This new instrument can accurately control each light source, is simple to control, and has low cost; and can upload the acquired data to the terminal device in real time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a water body detector, including a detector circuit board, a main control circuit board, and multiple light sources; The detector circuit board includes a photodiode, a current signal amplification module, and an overvoltage protection module. When the water body detector is working, the light source illuminates the surface water, and the fluorescence of microorganisms in the surface water is reflected onto the photodiode, which generates a current signal. The current signal amplification module is used to amplify the current signal into a voltage signal. The overvoltage protection module is used to reduce the voltage signal to a predetermined ratio before transmitting it to the main control circuit board. The main control circuit board includes a first microcontroller, a constant current drive module, and a DAC chip. The first microcontroller has a signal acquisition interface, an I2C function pin, and an IO function pin. The first microcontroller is used to receive voltage signals transmitted from the detector circuit board through the signal acquisition interface, and convert the voltage signals into algae concentration and biomass according to a preset reference table. The first microcontroller is also used to communicate with the DAC chip through the I2C function pin, thereby controlling the DAC chip to output analog signals to the constant current drive module, and then controlling the constant current drive module to output a specified constant current to multiple light sources. The first microcontroller is also used to control the on / off state of multiple light sources through the IO function pin.

[0006] According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the main control circuit board further includes a main control power module and a detector power module; the main control power module is used to output the main control voltage to power the main control circuit board; the detector power module is used to convert the main control voltage into a detection voltage to power the detector circuit board.

[0007] According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the first microcontroller also has an ADC function pin, which is used to read the voltage of the light source pin through the ADC function pin to determine whether the light source is damaged. According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the first microcontroller also has an SPI function pin, and the main control circuit board also includes a storage module. The first microcontroller is connected to the storage module through the SPI function pin.

[0008] According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the DAC chip is model MCP4725A0T. According to the present invention, a water body detector further includes a Bluetooth main control board; the Bluetooth main control board includes a rechargeable battery, a battery management module, a Bluetooth module, and a second microcontroller; the battery management module is connected to the rechargeable battery and connected to an external power source through a wire-to-board pin header to charge the rechargeable battery; the second microcontroller has an ADC function and an IO interface, used to detect the power supply status of the Bluetooth main control board through the ADC function, and thereby control whether the battery management module supplies power to the Bluetooth main control board through the IO interface; the Bluetooth module includes a Bluetooth chip, which is connected to an antenna to connect to a terminal device and receive and respond to data request commands from the terminal device in real time, thus transmitting the algae concentration and biomass obtained from the main control board to the terminal device through the Bluetooth module. According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, both the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller have RS485 interfaces, thereby enabling data communication through the RS485 interface. According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are both STM32F103CBT6. According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the battery management module includes a battery management chip of model IP5306; and the Bluetooth chip of model NRF52832. According to the water body detector provided by this utility model, the constant current drive module includes an LED driver chip, model number PT4115; the LED driver chip is connected to a first microcontroller; the first microcontroller has a timer inside, used to set the on / off time of each light source; the light source is an LED lamp.

[0009] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following technical effects: This invention provides a water quality monitoring instrument, including a detector circuit board, a main control circuit board, and multiple light sources. The first microcontroller on the main control circuit board receives voltage signals transmitted from the detector circuit board via a signal acquisition interface and converts these voltage signals into algae concentration and biomass according to a preset reference table. The first microcontroller also communicates with a DAC chip via an I2C function pin, controlling the DAC chip to output analog signals to a constant current drive module, which in turn controls the constant current drive module to output a specified constant current to the multiple light sources. Furthermore, the first microcontroller controls the on / off state of the multiple light sources via I / O function pins. This invention can precisely control each light source, is simple to control, and has low cost; it can also upload the acquired algae concentration and biomass data to a terminal device in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the first microcontroller of this utility model is an STM32F103CBT6. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main control power supply module and the detector power supply module of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the constant current drive module of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the current signal amplification module of the detector circuit board of this utility model; Figure 5This is a PCB diagram of the main control circuit board of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a PCB diagram of the detector circuit board of this utility model, which is equipped with a photodiode and is responsible for amplifying the current signal. Figure 7 This is a PCB diagram showing the connection between the detector circuit board and the main control circuit board of this utility model. Figure 8 This is the PCB diagram of the Bluetooth main control board of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water body detector of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0013] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0014] Please see Figure 9 This utility model provides a water body detector, including a detector circuit board, a main control circuit board, a Bluetooth main control board, and multiple light sources; the detector circuit board and the Bluetooth main control board are both connected to the main control circuit board.

[0015] The detector circuit board includes a photodiode, a current signal amplification module, and an overvoltage protection module. When the water body detector is working, the light source illuminates the surface water. The fluorescence of microorganisms in the surface water is reflected onto the photodiode, causing it to generate a weak current signal. The current signal amplification module amplifies this current signal into a voltage signal. To prevent excessive voltage signals from damaging the signal acquisition interface on the main control circuit board, the overvoltage protection module reduces the voltage signal to a predetermined ratio before transmitting it to the signal acquisition interface on the main control circuit board via wires.

[0016] The main control circuit board includes a main control power module, a first microcontroller, a constant current drive module, a storage module, a DAC chip, and a detector power module. The main control power module outputs the main control voltage (12V) to power the entire main control circuit board; the detector power module converts the main control voltage into a detection voltage (±12V) to power the detector circuit board. The first microcontroller has a signal acquisition interface, I2C function pins, IO function pins, ADC function pins, and SPI function pins.

[0017] The first microcontroller receives voltage signals transmitted from the detector circuit board via a signal acquisition interface and converts the voltage signals into algae concentration and biomass according to a preset reference table. It communicates with the DAC chip via the I2C function pin, thereby controlling the DAC chip to output analog signals to the constant current drive module, which in turn controls the constant current drive module to output a specified constant current to multiple light sources. It controls the on / off state of multiple light sources via the IO function pin. It reads the voltage of the light source pins via the ADC function pin to determine whether the light source is damaged. It connects to the storage module via the SPI function pin, which can be an SD card, and thus stores the data on the SD card.

[0018] The Bluetooth main control board includes a rechargeable battery, a battery management module, a Bluetooth module, and a second microcontroller. The battery management module connects to the rechargeable battery and is connected to an external power source via a wire-to-board connector to charge the rechargeable battery. The second microcontroller has an ADC function and an I / O interface. It is used to detect the power supply status of the Bluetooth main control board through the ADC function, and then uses the I / O interface to control whether the battery management module supplies power to the Bluetooth main control board from the rechargeable battery. The Bluetooth module includes a Bluetooth chip, which is connected to an antenna to connect to terminal devices (such as mobile phones or computers). It receives and responds to data request commands from terminal devices in real time, thus transmitting the algae concentration and biomass data obtained from the main control board to the terminal devices via the Bluetooth module.

[0019] Furthermore, both the first and second microcontrollers have RS485 interfaces, enabling data communication via the RS485 interface.

[0020] Specifically, the rechargeable battery uses an 18650 lithium battery. An external power supply (5V) is input to the battery management module via a 1×2P pin header. The battery management module includes a battery management chip, which charges the 18650 battery. The 18650 battery can also output 5V power to the Bluetooth main control board through the battery management module. The second microcontroller is an STM32F103CBT6, which uses its ADC function to detect the power supply status of the Bluetooth main control board, determine its logic, and then uses the I / O interface to control whether the battery management module supplies power to the Bluetooth main control board from the 18650 battery. The Bluetooth module uses an NRF52832 Bluetooth chip, which connects to the mobile phone and receives and responds to data request commands (first-level commands) from the phone in real time. The second microcontroller connects to the first microcontroller on the main control board via an RS485 interface, sending the second-level commands processed by the Bluetooth module to the main control board. It also transmits the algae concentration and biomass data returned by the main control board to the Bluetooth module, which then forwards it to the mobile phone.

[0021] Furthermore, the 18650 battery has two power supply options. One is connected to a battery management chip (model IP5306), which outputs 5V and converts it to 3.3V to supply the Bluetooth module and its peripheral circuits, as well as the second microcontroller and its peripheral components. The other is through a DC-DC module, which only outputs 3.3V to the second microcontroller and its peripheral components. The operation of this DC-DC module is controlled by an external button. Using the ADC function of the second microcontroller, the outputs of these two power supply options are read to determine how the 18650 battery powers the second microcontroller. When the external button is pressed, causing the DC-DC module to output 3.3V, the second microcontroller observes whether the IP5306 outputs 5V, thus determining whether to cut off the IP5306's 5V output. Using the second microcontroller's I / O interface, high and low level signals are provided to the IP5306 to control its on / off state. During normal output from the IP5306, the second microcontroller also intermittently provides high and low level signals to the IP5306 to prevent it from automatically entering low-power mode due to low load. The Bluetooth chip is model NRF52832, which communicates with the main control board via an RS485 interface; the NRF52832 pins are connected to the antenna to receive data request commands from the mobile phone and also send data to the mobile phone.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the first microcontroller, model STM32F103CBT6, performs overall control. Its peripherals include an ST-Link download circuit, an 8MHz crystal oscillator circuit, a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator circuit, a watchdog reset circuit based on a TPL5010DDCR, a backup battery circuit, and a BOOT selection circuit. The first microcontroller communicates with a DAC chip (model MCP4725A0T) via its I2C pin, outputting analog signals to control the constant current drive module to output a specified constant current to supply the light source. It also communicates with an external SD card via its SPI pin, storing real-time data for later retrieval as historical data. Furthermore, it controls the on / off state of multiple light sources via its I / O pins, thus enabling a single constant current drive module to power multiple light sources.

[0023] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the schematics of the main control power module and the detector power module on the main control circuit board. The 12V main control voltage is received from the outside through pins 5 and 6 on the pin header. It is then converted into a ±12V detection voltage by the DC-DC module (model can be IA_KS-1WR3) and supplied to the detector circuit board. The 12V main control voltage is also converted to 5V by the DC-DC module to achieve minimal power loss. The 5V is then converted to 3.3V by a linear regulator to provide a clean and stable power supply to the first microcontroller and its peripheral circuits.

[0024] Specifically, the light source can be LED lights. In this embodiment, six LED lights are used (denoted as LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, and LED6). Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic of a constant current drive module, which includes an LED driver chip (…). Figure 3 (as shown in the middle) and multiple switching circuits ( Figure 3 As shown on the right side), the LED driver chip is connected to the first microcontroller.

[0025] The LED driver chip is a PT4115. A 100mΩ resistor R39 controls the maximum output current of the LED driver chip to 1A. Pin 3 of the PT4115 receives the analog voltage output from the DAC chip controlled by the first microcontroller, enabling the first microcontroller to control the output current of the constant current drive module between 0.2A and 1A. Connect the wire to the board pin header (…). Figure 3 Pins 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 (shown on the left) are connected to the positive terminals of six LEDs, and the negative terminals of the six LEDs are connected in parallel to pin 4. The negative terminals of the six LEDs are connected to pin 4 of the PT4115 via wire-to-board headers. The positive terminals of the six LEDs are connected in series with six switching circuits, which are mainly composed of MOSFET U14 and transistor Q7. The base of transistor Q7 can be controlled by the first microcontroller to control whether the switching circuit supplies power to individual LEDs, thus enabling a single constant current drive module to power multiple LEDs. The first microcontroller has an internal timer for setting the on / off time of each light source; that is, the power supply time of each LED can be freely set using the built-in timer.

[0026] like Figure 4 The diagram shows the schematic of the current signal amplification module on the detector circuit board. The current signal amplification module mainly includes an amplifier, which can be model AD8642ARZ. The main control circuit board activates multiple different LEDs to cyclically illuminate the microorganisms in the surface water. The fluorescence emitted by the microorganisms illuminates a photodiode, and the weak current generated by the photodiode is converted into a voltage signal by the TIA circuit composed of ports 5, 6, and 7 of the AD8642ARZ amplifier and its peripheral components. The circuit composed of ports 1, 2, and 3 of the AD8642ARZ amplifier and its peripheral components calibrates the voltage signal. After the voltage signal is reduced by a predetermined ratio, a voltage follower is used to obtain a voltage signal unaffected by previous circuit interference. Finally, this signal is input to the signal acquisition interface of the main control circuit board via wires. After acquiring the voltage signal, the first microcontroller uses a pre-stored reference table to convert the voltage signal into algal concentration and biomass.

[0027] Specifically, the second microcontroller on the Bluetooth main control board is also an STM32F103CBT6, and its peripherals include an ST-Link download circuit, an 8MHz crystal oscillator circuit, a 32.768KHz crystal oscillator circuit, and a BOOT selection circuit. Its model number is the same as the first microcontroller, and will not be repeated here.

[0028] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is the PCB layout of the main control circuit board. Figure 6 The diagram shown is a PCB layout of a detector circuit board containing a photodiode responsible for amplifying the current signal. Figure 7 The diagram shown is the PCB layout of the detector circuit board, which connects to the main control circuit board. Figure 8 The image shows the PCB layout of the Bluetooth main control board. A PCB layout consists of components, connectors, traces, vias, and copper pours. After the schematic design is completed, the components and wiring methods from the schematic are imported into the PCB layout. Component placement and wiring are then performed on the PCB layout. After ensuring the rationality of the component placement and wiring, copper pours are applied to the surface of the circuit board to improve heat dissipation and anti-interference capabilities. The PCB is then prototyped, and the necessary components and connectors are soldered. Finally, testing is conducted, and after successful testing, it is used in the actual device.

[0029] Other embodiments of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A water quality detector, characterized in that, Includes detector circuit board, main control circuit board and multiple light sources; The detector circuit board includes a photodiode, a current signal amplification module, and an overvoltage protection module. When the water body detector is working, the light source illuminates the surface water, and the fluorescence of microorganisms in the surface water is reflected onto the photodiode, which generates a current signal. The current signal amplification module is used to amplify the current signal into a voltage signal. The overvoltage protection module is used to reduce the voltage signal to a predetermined ratio before transmitting it to the main control circuit board. The main control circuit board includes a first microcontroller, a constant current drive module, and a DAC chip. The first microcontroller has a signal acquisition interface, an I2C function pin, and an IO function pin. The first microcontroller is used to receive voltage signals transmitted from the detector circuit board through the signal acquisition interface, and convert the voltage signals into algae concentration and biomass according to a preset reference table. The first microcontroller is also used to communicate with the DAC chip through the I2C function pin, thereby controlling the DAC chip to output analog signals to the constant current drive module, and then controlling the constant current drive module to output a specified constant current to multiple light sources. The first microcontroller is also used to control the on / off state of multiple light sources through the IO function pin.

2. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control circuit board also includes a main control power module and a detector power module; the main control power module is used to output the main control voltage to power the main control circuit board; the detector power module is used to convert the main control voltage into a detection voltage to power the detector circuit board.

3. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first microcontroller also has an ADC function pin, which is used to read the voltage of the light source pin to determine whether the light source is damaged.

4. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first microcontroller also has an SPI function pin, and the main control circuit board also includes a storage module. The first microcontroller is connected to the storage module through the SPI function pin.

5. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DAC chip is model MCP4725A0T.

6. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a Bluetooth main control board; the Bluetooth main control board includes a rechargeable battery, a battery management module, a Bluetooth module, and a second microcontroller; the battery management module is connected to the rechargeable battery and is connected to an external power source through a wire-to-board pin header, thereby charging the rechargeable battery; The second microcontroller has an ADC function and an IO interface. It is used to detect the power supply status of the Bluetooth main control board through the ADC function, and then use the IO interface to control whether the battery management module supplies power to the Bluetooth main control board from the rechargeable battery. The Bluetooth module includes a Bluetooth chip, which is connected to an antenna to connect to the terminal device and receive and respond to data request commands from the terminal device in real time. Thus, the algae concentration and biomass obtained from the main control circuit board are transmitted to the terminal device through the Bluetooth module.

7. The water body detector according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first and second microcontrollers have RS485 interfaces, enabling data communication via RS485 interfaces.

8. The water body detector according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first and second microcontrollers are STM32F103CBT6.

9. The water body detector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery management module includes a battery management chip, model IP5306; the Bluetooth chip is model NRF52832.

10. The water body detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant current driving module includes an LED driver chip, model PT4115; the LED driver chip is connected to a first microcontroller; the first microcontroller has a timer inside, used to set the on / off time of each light source; the light source is an LED lamp.

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