A numerical control milling machine control system based on PLC control
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521902724.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-04
AI Technical Summary
但是传统数控铣床的逻辑控制多依赖数控系统（CNC）直接处理，普遍存在逻辑控制与运动控制耦合紧密，系统抗干扰能力较弱，易受工业环境电磁干扰影响；复杂工艺的逻辑指令需通过数控程序编写，灵活性不足，调试成本高；数控加工铣床辅助设备（固定夹持油缸、物料顶升气缸等）动作控制由CNC控制，故障率高，优化改进集成难度大；机床工作台传感器信号接入数控系统，状态监控困难，故障排查不方便；模块化维护困难，某一功能模块故障可能导致整体系统停机等不足
本实用新型PLC独立处理M、S、T指令（机床辅助功能），数控系统专注于运动轨迹控制，提升稳定性本实用新型通过PLC独立逻辑控制，减少数控系统负载，提升加工过程抗干扰能力；本实用新型支持在线修改PLC程序，快速适配不同工艺逻辑（如铣削流程、夹持打开关闭时序）；逻辑控制模块可独立拆卸更换，且动作状态可在线监控，故障排查时间缩短50%以上，同时逻辑控制模块故障时，数控系统仍可维持基础运动控制，避免整机停机；本实用新型使用成熟PLC技术，降低定制化控制软件开发成本。
Smart Images
Figure CN224745312U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of CNC machining equipment for copper smelting, electrolytic refining, and more specifically to a CNC milling machine control system based on PLC control. Background Technology
[0002] In copper electrolysis production, the final cathode copper product often contains defects such as granulation, failing to meet the requirements for high-purity cathode copper. This necessitates additional milling to remove these granules, increasing the labor intensity for workers. Currently, the common practice is to add a CNC milling machine to the production line for granulation removal, aiming to save manpower and improve efficiency. However, traditional CNC milling machines rely heavily on direct processing by the CNC system for logic control. This often results in tight coupling between logic and motion control, weak system anti-interference capabilities, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference from the industrial environment. Complex process logic instructions require CNC programming, leading to insufficient flexibility and high debugging costs. Furthermore, the motion control of auxiliary equipment (such as clamping cylinders and material lifting cylinders) is also controlled by the CNC, resulting in high failure rates and significant challenges in optimization, improvement, and integration. The integration of machine tool table sensor signals into the CNC system makes status monitoring difficult and troubleshooting inconvenient. Modular maintenance is also challenging, as a failure in one functional module can cause the entire system to shut down. Therefore, a CNC milling machine control system with an independent logic controller is needed to improve reliability, flexibility, and maintenance efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a PLC-based CNC milling machine control system that enables motion control and logic control by independently processing logic instructions through a PLC, thereby improving the system's anti-interference capability, programming flexibility, and ease of maintenance.
[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A PLC-based CNC milling machine control system includes a PLC controller and a CNC system interconnected. The control system also includes a host computer, a touch screen, start / stop relays, solenoid valves, sensors, switching units, and a transfer robot connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller is connected to the CNC system via an RS485 bus. The control system further includes an electric cylinder and a milling cutter motor connected to the start / stop relays. The control system also includes a lifting hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder connected to the solenoid valves. The control system also includes an X-axis servo driver, a Y-axis servo driver, and a Z-axis servo driver connected to the CNC system, as well as an X-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, and a Z-axis servo motor respectively connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver; the CNC system is connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver via an RS485 bus.
[0005] Further description of this utility model: the PLC controller includes a CPU processing unit, a power supply, an input interface, an output interface, a communication interface, an expansion interface, and a storage unit; the switching unit includes a safety door switch, a limit switch, a proximity switch, and a photoelectric switch, all connected to the input interface; the touch screen is connected to the input interface; the output interface is connected to a start / stop relay and a solenoid valve; and the communication interface is connected to a CNC system, a host computer, and a transfer equipment robot.
[0006] The PLC controller can be a Siemens S7-1200 model, connected to the CNC system via RS485 bus for data interaction and command transmission / reception. Upon receiving the PLC controller's operating commands, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis servo motors automatically return to zero. The PLC controller then receives sensor feedback confirming that all switches are in the open position. If this condition is met, the lifting cylinder receives a control command from the PLC controller, and the solenoid valve drives the cylinder to rise. After the cathode copper is placed onto the milling machine by the robot, the PLC controller sends a macro program selection command to the CNC system. The CNC system determines the path of this macro program, identifies the corresponding G-code, performs trajectory planning / interpolation calculations, outputs pulse signals, and sends the coordinate values to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis servo motors, driving the worktable and spindle. The PLC programming software allows for real-time monitoring of I / O signal status, enabling troubleshooting of issues such as malfunctioning positioning buttons, failed sensor status feedback, and stuck solenoid valves. When replacing a PLC module, only the program needs to be copied to the new module, eliminating the need to re-debug the CNC system.
[0007] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention features a PLC that independently processes M, S, and T instructions (machine tool auxiliary functions), allowing the CNC system to focus on motion trajectory control and improve stability. Through independent logic control by the PLC, this invention reduces the load on the CNC system and enhances the anti-interference capability of the machining process. It supports online modification of the PLC program, quickly adapting to different process logics (such as milling processes and clamping opening / closing sequences). The logic control module can be independently disassembled and replaced, and its operation status can be monitored online, reducing troubleshooting time by more than 50%. Furthermore, even if the logic control module fails, the CNC system can still maintain basic motion control, preventing machine downtime. This invention utilizes mature PLC technology, reducing the development cost of customized control software. Attached Figure Description
[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the PLC controller interface of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0009] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example
[0010] As shown in the figure, a PLC-based CNC milling machine control system includes a PLC controller and a CNC system interconnected. The control system also includes a host computer, a touch screen, start / stop relays, solenoid valves, sensors, switching units, and a transfer robot connected to the PLC controller. The PLC controller is connected to the CNC system via an RS485 bus. The control system also includes an electric cylinder and a milling cutter motor connected to the start / stop relays. Furthermore, the control system includes a lifting hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder connected to the solenoid valves. The control system also includes an X-axis servo driver, a Y-axis servo driver, and a Z-axis servo driver connected to the CNC system, as well as an X-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, and a Z-axis servo motor respectively connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver; the CNC system is connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver via an RS485 bus.
[0011] The PLC controller includes a CPU processing unit, a power supply, an input interface, an output interface, a communication interface, an expansion interface, and a storage unit; the switching unit includes a safety door switch, a limit switch, a proximity switch, and a photoelectric switch, all connected to the input interface; the touch screen is connected to the input interface; the output interface is connected to start / stop relays and solenoid valves; and the communication interface is connected to the CNC system, the host computer, and the transfer equipment robot.
[0012] The PLC controller can be a Siemens S7-1200 model, connected to the CNC system via RS485 bus for data interaction and command transmission / reception. Upon receiving the PLC controller's operating commands, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis servo motors automatically return to zero. The PLC controller then receives sensor feedback confirming that all switches are in the open position. If this condition is met, the lifting cylinder receives a control command from the PLC controller, and the solenoid valve drives the cylinder to rise. After the cathode copper is placed onto the milling machine by the robot, the PLC controller sends a macro program selection command to the CNC system. The CNC system determines the path of this macro program, identifies the corresponding G-code, performs trajectory planning / interpolation calculations, outputs pulse signals, and sends the coordinate values to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis servo motors, driving the worktable and spindle. The PLC programming software allows for real-time monitoring of I / O signal status, enabling troubleshooting of issues such as malfunctioning positioning buttons, failed sensor status feedback, and stuck solenoid valves. When replacing a PLC module, only the program needs to be copied to the new module, eliminating the need to re-debug the CNC system.
Claims
1. A CNC milling machine control system based on PLC control, comprising a PLC controller and a CNC system interconnected; characterized in that: The control system also includes a host computer, a touch screen, start / stop relays, solenoid valves, sensors, switching units, and a transfer equipment robot connected to the PLC controller; the PLC controller is connected to the CNC system via an RS485 bus; the control system also includes an electric cylinder and a milling cutter motor connected to the start / stop relays respectively; the control system also includes a lifting hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder connected to the solenoid valves respectively. The control system also includes an X-axis servo driver, a Y-axis servo driver, and a Z-axis servo driver connected to the CNC system, as well as an X-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, and a Z-axis servo motor respectively connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver; the CNC system is connected to the X-axis servo driver, the Y-axis servo driver, and the Z-axis servo driver via an RS485 bus.
2. The CNC milling machine control system based on PLC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PLC controller includes a CPU processing unit, a power supply, an input interface, an output interface, a communication interface, an expansion interface, and a storage unit; the switching unit includes a safety door switch, a limit switch, a proximity switch, and a photoelectric switch, all connected to the input interface; the touch screen is connected to the input interface; the output interface is connected to start / stop relays and solenoid valves; and the communication interface is connected to the CNC system, the host computer, and the transfer equipment robot.