Reactor for entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels

Abstract

Reactor for the entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels with a reaction chamber (2) and an adjoining cooling chamber (4) within a pressure-bearing reactor wall (1), wherein - at least one burner (3) for the partial oxidation of the fuels to raw synthesis gas and a cooling screen (5) for delimiting the reaction space are arranged in the reaction chamber (2), - in the cooling chamber (4), the raw synthesis gas and slag particles transported along with it can be cooled below the ash melting point in contact with a cooling liquid, - an intermediate floor (B) composed of several concentric annular elements, separating both chambers from each other and enclosing a central slag drain body (S), wherein the slag drain body (S) has a central opening for the overflow of the raw synthesis gas and the drainage of molten slag from the reaction chamber (2) into the cooling chamber (4), - several elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to one another and to the slag drain body (S) without gaps in such a way that a gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor (B) is formed between the slag drain body (S) and the reactor wall (1), delimiting the gas space of the cooling chamber (4), and - cavities (H1, H2) between the elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to each other, to an inert gas purge and to the gas space of the cooling chamber (4) by pressure equalisation channels (21a, 21b), - the slag drain body (S) is essentially formed from cooling water pipes (8), - the gas-tight underside is formed by the elements of the intermediate floor (B) floor plate (6), support ring (7), outer sealing ring (9), inner sealing ring (10), lower support plate (11), lower stabilizing ring (12) and jacket support ring (18), characterized in that, - the support ring (7) of the intermediate floor (B) is designed concentrically to the reactor shell (1), whereby - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in an upper horizontal plane by means of screw bolts (15), spacer sleeves (16) and protective caps (17) to a circular upper support plate (13) and this is firmly connected to an upper stabilising ring (14), - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in a lower horizontal plane to a circular lower support plate (11) by means of a ring-shaped weld lip seal (L), - the lower support plate (11) is firmly connected to the lower stabilizing ring (12) and - the cooling screen (5) is fixedly mounted on the support ring (7) with a support ring (5r) and the slag drain body (S) is fixedly mounted on the upper support plate (13) with a further support ring (8r).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a reactor for the entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels with a reaction chamber and an adjoining cooling chamber within a pressure-bearing reactor wall according to the preamble of the first claim.

[0002] The entrained flow gasification of carbon-containing fuels is used to produce hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-rich gases, which are used as synthesis gas, reducing gas, town gas or gas for energy purposes.

[0003] In gas production, the gasification of pulverized coal with the participation of oxygen and water vapor or carbon dioxide in a flame reaction in a cloud of air at temperatures of 1200 °C to 1800 °C and pressures of up to 80 bar has become established. In addition to the desired raw gas, molten mineral residues in the form of slag particles are also produced. Essentially similar gasification processes are used for the gasification of liquid fuels (tars, residual oils), suspensions of liquid and solid fuels, or for the gasification of torrefied biomass. A reactor for the entrained flow gasification of solid and liquid fuels with an oxygen-containing oxidant is known, for example, from DE 10 2008 058 487 A1. This reactor has a cooling screen in the pressure vessel, which delimits the gasification chamber and forms an annular gap to the shell of the pressure vessel.The annular gap is filled with water and leads to the quench chamber, which adjoins the gasification chamber and is separated from it by an intermediate floor. The latter contains the slag outlet device. The necessary tightness between the water-filled annular gap and the gasification chamber requires a solid connection between the reactor shell and the intermediate floor. Intermediate floors firmly connected to the pressure shell of the reactor vessel by welding can be found in DE 20 2008 009 249 U1 and DE 20 2010 015 889 U1. In entrained-flow gasification under increased pressure and at high temperatures, it is crucial that the gasification process in the reaction chamber proceeds stably.This also includes the gasification reactor being designed so that the molten slag particles that form in the flame zone of a gasification burner during the oxidation of the coal particles from the mineral residues and settle on the reaction chamber wall can flow smoothly from the reaction chamber into the cooling or quenching chamber located below. For this purpose, the floor of the reaction chamber is funnel-shaped toward a central slag drain opening.

[0004] The molten slag particles remaining in the gas stream are usually cooled below the melting point in the cooling chamber of the entrained-flow reactor by spraying water or passing the slag-laden raw gas through a water bath. They are then discharged from the reactor as granules suspended in water. A cooling or quenching chamber adjoining the reactor chamber is disclosed in DE 10 2012 215 899 A1. In the latter, the raw gas, which leaves the reaction chamber at temperatures of 1850 °C together with flue dust and slag, is washed and cooled by injecting water. Its walls are also necessarily designed to be pressure-bearing and comprise an outer and inner shell. A water flush, open to the quench chamber, is provided in the space between the outer and inner shells.

[0005] The reactor elements in the slag drain area are subject to severe wear. They are attacked by the molten slag flow. At the same time, the hot, corrosive reaction gas from the reaction chamber is directed through the slag drain opening into the adjacent cooling chamber. Additionally, the intermediate floor area between the reaction and cooling chambers is exposed to thermal and atmospheric influences from the moisture-laden cooling chamber. Therefore, the intermediate floor area with the slag drain opening is one of the most intensively corrosive wear parts, and its wear condition determines the reactor's operating life.

[0006] The running time available for gasification has a significant impact on the economic efficiency of coal gasification reactors. Any process interruption due to unstable gasification parameters or due to repairs to worn plant components results in high costs and downtime due to the associated complex start-up and shut-down processes and assembly and disassembly work on the pressure-resistant gasification reactor. A wear-resistant design of the intermediate floor between the reaction and cooling chambers and the slag drain, as well as measures to simplify assembly and disassembly at the slag drain in the event of repairs, contribute significantly to reducing repair costs.

[0007] DD 1 19 266 A5 already describes a reactor for the gasification of coal dust under pressure. Its reaction chamber is defined by a water-exposed tube wall structure protected by a layer of refractory ramming mass. A central opening in the floor of the reaction chamber is provided for the discharge of the liquid slag into the granulation section. The contours of this opening are formed by the correspondingly designed tube wall structure with refractory coating.

[0008] The design of the slag discharge opening in DD 1 19 266 A5 is expensive due to the high-quality materials required for the desired wear resistance and is only suitable to a limited extent for a joint discharge of the hot raw gases and the slag melt through the funnel-shaped bottom opening due to the higher thermal and dynamic stresses.

[0009] Since advanced wear on the slag drain body is inevitable after extended periods of operation due to direct slag contact, the effort required to replace the worn slag drain body should be kept as low as possible. Repairing the slag drain body while it is still installed or simply disassembling and reassembling it are advantageous.

[0010] Therefore, in modern reactors, the slag drain body is sometimes already designed as a replaceable separate bottom part of the cooling screen with thermal and slag protection coating and wound cooling water pipes.

[0011] However, a disadvantage of the known solutions is that the structural design of the intermediate floor does not sufficiently take into account the easy replaceability of the slag drain body even after a long period of operation.

[0012] According to the state of the art, slag drains are mounted either permanently or only with great effort detachably on a so-called “support plate” (intermediate floor) that separates the reaction chamber from the cooling chamber.

[0013] If a non-replaceable slag drain has to be replaced together with the support plate, then a disadvantage of the known embodiments of support plates, for example according to DE 10 2006 031 816 A1, DE 20 2008 009 249 U1 and DE 20 2010 015 889 U1, is that they require a forged receiving ring which has to be welded into the shell section of the pressure-bearing reactor wall and makes subsequent cost-intensive heat treatment of the reactor wall necessary after installation of the receiving ring.

[0014] A further disadvantage with regard to the known structural design of the slag drain area is that there are often unventilated cavities or dead spaces around the slag drain funnel, in which aggressive gases from the reaction chamber and moisture from the cooling chamber can accumulate and lead to rapidly progressing corrosion and time-consuming repair of the slag drain.

[0015] The reactor design according to DE 10 2006 031 816 A1 is an example of this.

[0016] The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a constructive solution for an intermediate floor, based on the disadvantages of the known prior art, which increases the effective operating time of an entrained flow gasifier by reducing the corrosive wear in the intermediate floor area and also the disassembly and assembly effort at the slag drain in the event of repair.

[0017] According to the invention, the object is achieved by a reactor having the features of claims 1 and 2. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

[0018] The proposed solution achieves this objective through the interaction of several complementary design features. To effectively reduce wear on the intermediate floor, the intermediate floor is composed of several elements that are seamlessly connected to each other and to the slag drain body. This creates a gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor between the slag drain body and the reactor wall, delimiting the gas space of the cooling chamber and shielding the space between the reactor wall and the reactor wall from corrosive gases from the cooling chamber.

[0019] For pressure equalization and protection against the penetration of corrosive gases, cavities between the elements of the intermediate floor are connected to each other, to an inert gas purge and to the gas space of the cooling chamber by pressure equalization channels, so that the intermediate floor is comprehensively protected against corrosion.

[0020] Due to the gas-side connection between the cavities and the gas space of the cooling chamber, the pressure equalization channels also eliminate the need for a costly pressure-resistant design of the intermediate floor with its dead spaces. This allows the pressure in the cavities to track the prevailing operating pressure, which is generally impossible to maintain constant due to unavoidable fluctuations in operating parameters.

[0021] If separate inert gas supplies are arranged at the lower openings of the pressure equalization channels leading out into the cooling chamber, the cavities can also be flushed more intensively with a higher inert gas volume flow in the opposite direction.

[0022] To protect the intermediate floor from corrosive damage, the proposed design solution provides for the elements of the intermediate floor not protected against corrosion to be shielded from the gas space of the cooling chamber by a gas-tight surface made of a corrosion-resistant material. In particular, elements made of simple carbon steel, such as the slag drain body and the support structure elements for the cooling screen, are protected from corrosive influences by other intermediate floor elements. Protecting the intermediate floor elements from corrosion is also important in the proposed intermediate floor structure because it is an uncooled intermediate floor.

[0023] One advantage of the proposed solution is that the structural redesign of the intermediate floor to create a gap-free, gas-tight boundary of the gas space of the cooling chamber not only reduces corrosion on the intermediate floor caused by aggressive gases from the cooling chamber, but is also designed to be easy to assemble and disassemble using easily connectable and detachable fasteners, so that the slag drain body not only has a longer service life, but can also be replaced in the event of repair in a short time and with little effort.

[0024] In this context, a further advantage of the proposed solution is that both the installation and the replacement of the entire intermediate floor assembly in the reactor can be carried out with less effort than previously, because with the intermediate floor structure according to the invention, forged intermediate rings for the reactor wall and their subsequent heat treatment can now be dispensed with.

[0025] The proposed design has low rigidity, especially when the slag drain body is essentially formed from a coil of cooling water pipes, for example. However, it can also be used with other known slag drain body designs.

[0026] The gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor, formed from several elements, consists of a shell support ring, a base plate, a support ring, an outer and an inner sealing ring, a lower support plate, and a lower stabilizing ring. These annular elements, which follow one another in the above-mentioned order from outside to inside and are gas-tight to one another, essentially form the underside of the intermediate floor, which defines the gas space of the cooling chamber.

[0027] A design of the intermediate floor with prepared separation points offers the possibility of replacing both the slag drain body and the intermediate floor through a simple separation between two elements, without damaging the separated components. At least, compared to the state of the art, they are affected to a significantly lesser extent. Furthermore, commercially available materials can be used for the individual elements, thus avoiding expensive special components. Furthermore, the use of a stabilizing ring directly on the slag drain body gives the structure greater rigidity, especially when the slag drain body is formed from coiled cooling water pipes.

[0028] The previously described design measures are advantageously complemented by a corrosion-resistant surface on the underside of the intermediate floor, thus achieving a closed shielding of the corrosion-prone parts of the intermediate floor. For example, the corrosion-resistant surface can be formed by corrosion-resistant coatings, corrosion-resistant materials of the elements, or a combination of both.

[0029] It has proven advantageous for continuous corrosion protection if at least those elements with the larger surface areas on the underside of the intermediate floor have corrosion-resistant coatings on their undersides. For the design described above, these are the floor plate and the support ring as elements of the intermediate floor, and a shell support ring that supports the intermediate floor on the reactor wall.

[0030] To complete the corrosion protection, the outer and inner sealing rings, the lower support plate and the lower stabilizing ring can be made of corrosion-resistant metal alloys or can also be equipped with corrosion-resistant coatings.

[0031] To improve the reactor's design, the intermediate floor support ring, which is concentric with the reactor shell, is detachably connected to a circular upper support plate in an upper horizontal plane by means of screw bolts, spacer sleeves, and protective caps. This plate, in turn, is firmly connected to an upper stabilizing ring. The support ring is also detachably connected to a circular lower support plate in a lower horizontal plane by means of a ring-shaped weld lip seal, with the lower support plate, in turn, being firmly connected to the lower stabilizing ring. In this design variant, both the cooling shield and the slag drain body are held by the support ring, each being firmly mounted on the support ring by means of a support ring, with the slag drain body initially being firmly mounted on an upper support plate.

[0032] This design with a screw bolt-spacer sleeve combination and a preferably multi-separable, annular weld lip seal between the slag drain body and the intermediate floor allows for uncomplicated replacement of the slag drain body even after a long period of operation.

[0033] In a further embodiment, the upper and lower stabilizing rings are arranged on the outer circumference of the coils of the cooling water pipes of the slag drain body. Both stabilizing rings provide the slag drain body with improved pipe coil rigidity, thus increasing the wear resistance of the applied refractory and non-elastically deformable coating of the cooling water pipes. The designation "lower" and "upper" stabilizing rings defines their position relative to each other.

[0034] In the case of a different design of the slag drain body which does not have wound cooling water pipes, the stabilising rings can be dispensed with and the support plates can be welded directly to the slag drain body or fixed in another way.

[0035] According to a further embodiment, the detachable screw bolts and the multi-separable welding lip seal form the only means for fastening the slag drain body to the intermediate floor. This makes assembly and / or disassembly of the slag drain body easier and less complex because an axial welding lip seal can be reused several times and the screw bolt-spacer sleeve connection can be easily separated.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the reactor has a shroud ring and radially arranged ribbed plates on the inside of the reactor wall, to which the intermediate base with its shroud support ring is attached to the reactor wall. These elements consist of single-layer welded commercially available sheets. This makes it possible to eliminate forged parts on the reactor wall and, due to the thinner sheet thicknesses, avoid post-heat treatment of the reactor wall.

[0037] The invention will be explained below using the example of a reactor based on the entrained-flow principle. The accompanying drawings show: Fig. 1: Illustration of an entrained flow reactor with longitudinal section in the intermediate floor area Fig. 2: Sectional view of the intermediate floor and slag drain body Fig. 3: Intermediate floor and slag drain body in a sectional view from above

[0038] As from the Fig. 1, a reactor R for the entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels, for example coal dust, at temperatures of 1200°C up to 1800°C and under a pressure of up to 80 bar essentially consists of a reaction chamber 2 and an adjoining cooling chamber 4 within a pressure-bearing reactor wall 1, wherein in the reaction chamber 2 at least one burner 3 for the partial oxidation of the fuels to raw synthesis gas and a cooling screen 5 cooled internally with water are arranged to delimit the reaction space and in the cooling chamber 4 the raw synthesis gas and slag particles transported therewith can be cooled below the ash melting point in contact with a cooling liquid.

[0039] Both chambers are separated by a straight or curved intermediate floor B, which is composed of several concentrically arranged, annular elements and encloses a central slag drain body S, wherein the slag drain body S has a central axial opening for the overflow of the raw synthesis gas and the outflow of molten slag from the reaction chamber 2 into the cooling chamber 4.

[0040] In the exemplary embodiment, the intermediate floor B is composed of the following elements: a floor plate 6, a support ring 7, an outer sealing ring 9, an inner sealing ring 10, a lower support plate 11, a lower stabilizing ring 12, an upper support plate 13, an upper stabilizing ring 14 and a jacket support ring 18.

[0041] The slag drain body S, like the cooling screen 5, is formed in a conventional structural design from spirally wound cooling water pipes 8 through which cooling water flows, wherein a refractory coating (not shown) is usually applied to the inside of the cooling water pipes 8 and the cooling screen 5 for thermal and mechanical protection against the stresses of the high-temperature gasification process.

[0042] The slag drain body S and the cooling screen 5 are mounted on the intermediate floor B and are firmly connected to it, preferably welded.

[0043] In contrast to the known solutions, the intermediate floor B is not connected to the reactor wall 1 by a forged receiving ring that is laboriously welded into the cylindrical section of the reactor wall 1. Only a ring-shaped, bent strip of sheet metal is welded onto the inside of the reactor wall 1 (jacket ring 19), which also compensates for any deviations in the shape of the reactor wall 1. The outermost intermediate floor element is welded to the jacket ring 19, namely, according to the exemplary embodiment, the circular, flat jacket support ring 18, which together with the jacket ring 19 forms a horizontal cross member on the circumference of the reactor wall 1. The single-layer bottom plate 6, which is curved or shaped like the shell of a truncated cone, is supported on the jacket support ring 18, with the end face of the bottom plate 6 being welded to the jacket support ring 18 along the inner circumference.Due to the high thermal stress in the reactor interior, radially arranged ribbed plates 20 are welded into the annular channel formed by the base plate 6, the shell support ring 18 and the shell ring 19 in a manner distributed over the circumference to provide additional stiffening of the supporting structure for the cooling screen 5 and the slag drain body S.

[0044] In Fig. 2 shows a section of the intermediate floor B in the area of the slag drain body S.

[0045] The intermediate floor B has, as its central support element, the support ring 7 welded concentrically to the reactor shell 1 into a central opening in the floor plate 6. The support ring 7 is detachably connected to the annular upper support plate 13 in an upper horizontal plane by means of a screw bolt-spacer sleeve combination 15, 16, 17, and this is firmly connected to the upper stabilizing ring 14. In a lower horizontal plane of the intermediate floor B, the support ring 7 is connected to the annular lower support plate 11 by means of a weld lip seal L, and this is connected to the lower stabilizing ring 12. The support ring 7 is preferably a forged part.

[0046] The cooling screen 5 is mounted on the support ring 7 by a support ring 5r, wherein the support ring 5r is welded to the lower tube winding of the cooling screen 5 and extends it downwards to the support ring 7, where it is welded to the support ring 7.

[0047] The disc-shaped upper support plate 13, which closes the intermediate space up to the cooling water pipes 8 of the slag drain body S, is mounted in a circumferential recess on the upper side of the support ring 7. The upper stabilizing ring 14 is welded into a central opening of the upper support plate 13 and, in the form of a vertical pipe section, encloses the pipe winding of the cooling water pipes 8 from the outside and is welded to the cooling water pipes 8.

[0048] The upper support plate 13 is detachably screwed to the support ring 7 around its entire circumference by means of screw bolts 15. The heads of the screw bolts 15 on the underside of the support ring 7 are spaced from the support ring 7 due to the spacer sleeves 16 used and are covered with protective caps 17 made of corrosion-resistant material, or the screw bolts themselves are made of corrosion-resistant steel.

[0049] Concentrically to the support ring 5r of the cooling screen, a second support ring 8r is arranged under the winding of the cooling water pipes 8 on the outer collar of the slag drain body S, which supports the latter on the upper support plate 13. The support ring 8r is welded on its upper side to the lower winding of the cooling water pipes 8 of the outer collar of the slag drain body S and on its underside to the upper support plate 13.

[0050] The cooling water pipes 8 of the lower section of the slag drain body S are surrounded by the lower stabilizing ring 12, which is welded to the outer circumference of the pipe coil in a similar way to the upper stabilizing ring 14 and which, together with the lower horizontal support plate 11 and the inner sealing ring 10, forms the lower support structure and shielding for the slag drain body S. The gas-tight connection of the lower stabilizing ring 12 to the cooling water pipes 8 of the slag drain body S is of great importance for the gas-tight shielding of the intermediate floor B.

[0051] The above-described annular elements of the intermediate floor B, jacket support ring 18, floor plate 6, support ring 7, outer sealing ring 9, inner sealing ring 10, lower support plate 11 and lower stabilizing ring 12, are connected to one another without gaps in the proposed solution, in particular welded, and together form a gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor B delimiting the gas space of the cooling chamber 4.

[0052] The inner sealing ring 10 and the gap arm and the outer sealing ring 9 welded concentrically to the support ring 7 form a gas-tight annular weld lip seal L after the end-face welding of the two sealing rings 9, 10, which connects the lower support structure to the support ring 7. The weld lip seal L can be cut several times using a cutting machine and can be welded again after the slag drain body S has been replaced.

[0053] To protect the entire underside of the intermediate floor B, which is in direct contact with the gas space of the cooling chamber 4, from the corrosive attack of gases and slag, it has a corrosion-resistant surface. The corrosion resistance of the surfaces of the elements of the intermediate floor B can be achieved by using corrosion-resistant coatings and / or corrosion-resistant materials for the individual elements.

[0054] For example, the base plate 6, the support ring 7 and the jacket support ring 18 can each be coated on their underside with a corrosion-resistant material.

[0055] A suitable corrosion-resistant coating material is a nickel-based alloy called "Alloy 625" (material number 2.4856). It can be applied by deposition welding, flame spraying, or PVD coating.

[0056] The remaining elements forming the underside of the intermediate floor B, namely the outer sealing ring 9, the inner sealing ring 10, the lower support plate 11 and the lower stabilizing ring 12, are at least coated with a corrosion-resistant coating or are preferably made entirely of corrosion-resistant metal alloys, such as stainless steel alloys, for example with the material number 1.4539.

[0057] Thus, the corrosion-resistant underside of the intermediate floor B consists of a combination of corrosion-resistant coatings and components made of corrosion-resistant metal alloys.

[0058] The proposed support structure for the slag drain body S forms two annular cavities H1, H2 which, for the purpose of pressure equalization and inert gas flushing, are connected on the gas side by pressure equalization channels 21a, 21b, which in the exemplary embodiment are formed in the support ring 7, to the annular space between the cooling screen 5 and the reactor wall 1, which is usually flushed with inert gas, and via ventilation pipes 22 to the gas space of the cooling chamber 4.

[0059] The Fig. Figure 3 shows a top view of the intermediate floor B in a sectional plane at the level of the pressure equalization channels 21a. Also clearly visible here are the radially welded ribbed plates 20 for stiffening the supporting structure of the intermediate floor B to the reactor wall 1 and four radial pressure equalization channels 21a for ventilating the cavity H1. The number and cross-sections of the pressure equalization channels 21a, 21b and the ventilation pipes 22 are selected by the expert at his own discretion.

[0060] On the functioning of the intermediate floor according to the invention: In the reaction chamber 2, the fuel is partially oxidized with the aid of at least one burner 3 with the addition of oxygen, producing raw synthesis gas and molten slag particles. The slag-laden raw synthesis gas enters the cooling chamber 4 through the funnel-shaped slag drain body S in the bottom region of the reaction chamber 2, where it is cooled below the melting point of the slag using a liquid cooling medium (usually water) before the raw synthesis gas leaves the reactor R and is further processed.

[0061] The intermediate floor B located between the reaction chamber and the cooling chamber 2, 4 is thus exposed to aggressive influences of the slag, the raw synthesis gas and the corrosive moisture-laden gas atmosphere in the cooling chamber 4.

[0062] To prevent aggressive gases from penetrating cavities H1, H2, the inert gas from the annular space between cooling screen 5 and intermediate floor B is used to generate a slight overpressure relative to the reaction and cooling chamber 2, 4 via the pressure equalization channels 21a, 21b. At the same time, the cavities H1, H2 are purged and rendered inert. Using separate inert gas inlets at the lower openings of the pressure equalization channels 21a, 21b leading into the cooling chamber, the cavities H1, H2 can be purged with an inert gas flow in the opposite direction.

[0063] The proposed intermediate floor B is subject to unavoidable wear on the slag drain body S due to direct contact with the molten slag. According to the objective of the proposed solution, the slag drain body S should be quickly replaceable when wear is advanced. The screw bolt / spacer sleeve combination (15, 16, 17) and the annular weld lip seal L therefore form the only means for gas-tight fastening of the slag drain body S to the intermediate floor B. To replace the slag drain body S, only the multi-separable weld lip connection L between the inner and outer sealing rings 9, 10 must be severed, for example with a cutting machine, and the heads of the screw bolts 15 must be cut off. Thanks to the spacer sleeves 16, the support ring 7 remains undamaged when the bolt heads are cut off.The slag drain body S in connection with the upper support plate 13 can be pulled out upwards after the two connections have been separated and a new one can be inserted.

[0064] Replacing the entire intermediate floor B is also possible with less effort than is known from the prior art. All that is required is to remove the single-layer floor plate 6 and weld in a new floor made of commercially available sheet metal. Due to its thin wall thickness, this eliminates the need for expensive forged parts as a support in the reactor wall 1 and the subsequent annealing of the gasifier shell.

[0065] Overall, the proposed design solution for an intermediate floor B of an entrained flow reactor offers numerous advantages in terms of wear resistance and interchangeability, which are summarized here: Improved corrosion protection: • Protection of the corrosion-prone parts of the intermediate floor B by a closed shielding from the cooling chamber 4 using corrosion-resistant surfaces, • Ventilation of the cavities H1,H2 through purge gas channels in the support ring 7, active gas purging of the dead space is possible through gas connections on the underside, • greater stiffness of the pipe winding against differential pressures due to additional supports of the cooling water pipes 8 in the slag drain body S with the stabilising rings 12, 14, thus reducing wear of the refractory protective layers on the pipe winding, • Prevention of gas leakage currents by sealing the support ring 7 with the lower support plate 11. Constructive simplification: • the intermediate floor B and its connecting elements to the inside of the reactor wall 1 consist of single-layer, cost-saving, commercially available sheet metal dimensions, saving forged parts on the reactor wall 1 and, due to the low sheet thickness, no post-heat treatment of the reactor wall 1, • simple and smooth surface towards the cooling chamber, easy application of the additional corrosion protection layer. Reduction of assembly effort • Simple assembly and disassembly of the slag drain body S thanks to an axial welding lip seal that can be reused several times and a screw bolt - spacer sleeve combination 15,16,17 that can be easily separated in the event of disassembly. List of reference symbols 1 reactor wall 2 reaction chamber 3 burners 4 cooling chamber 5 Cooling screen 5r support ring for the cooling screen 6 floor plate 7 Support ring 8 cooling water pipes of the slag drain body 8r Support ring for the slag drain body 9 outer sealing ring 10 inner sealing ring 11 lower support plate 12 lower stabilization ring 13 upper support plate 14 upper stabilization ring 15 screw bolts 16 spacer sleeve 17 Protective cap 18 jacket support ring 19 shroud 20 ribbed sheets 21a Pressure equalization channel, purge gas supply 21b Pressure equalization channel, purge gas opening 22 Ventilation pipe, purge gas outlet B intermediate floor L Welding lip seal R reactor S slag drain body H1 cavity H2 cavity

Claims

[1] Reactor for the entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels with a reaction chamber (2) and an adjoining cooling chamber (4) within a pressure-bearing reactor wall (1), wherein - at least one burner (3) for the partial oxidation of the fuels to raw synthesis gas and a cooling screen (5) for delimiting the reaction space are arranged in the reaction chamber (2), - in the cooling chamber (4), the raw synthesis gas and slag particles transported along with it can be cooled below the ash melting point in contact with a cooling liquid, - an intermediate floor (B) composed of several concentric annular elements, separating both chambers from each other and enclosing a central slag drain body (S), wherein the slag drain body (S) has a central opening for the overflow of the raw synthesis gas and the drainage of molten slag from the reaction chamber (2) into the cooling chamber (4), - several elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to one another and to the slag drain body (S) without gaps in such a way that a gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor (B) is formed between the slag drain body (S) and the reactor wall (1), delimiting the gas space of the cooling chamber (4), and - cavities (H1, H2) between the elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to each other, to an inert gas purge and to the gas space of the cooling chamber (4) by pressure equalisation channels (21a, 21b), - the slag drain body (S) is essentially formed from cooling water pipes (8), - the gas-tight underside is formed by the elements of the intermediate floor (B) base plate (6), support ring (7), outer sealing ring (9), inner sealing ring (10), lower support plate (11), lower stabilising ring (12) and jacket support ring (18), characterized by , that, - the support ring (7) of the intermediate floor (B) is designed concentrically to the reactor shell (1), whereby - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in an upper horizontal plane by means of screw bolts (15), spacer sleeves (16) and protective caps (17) to a circular upper support plate (13) and this is firmly connected to an upper stabilising ring (14), - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in a lower horizontal plane to a circular lower support plate (11) by means of a ring-shaped weld lip seal (L), - the lower support plate (11) is firmly connected to the lower stabilizing ring (12) and - the cooling screen (5) is fixedly mounted on the support ring (7) with a support ring (5r) and the slag drain body (S) is fixedly mounted on the upper support plate (13) with a further support ring (8r). [2] Reactor for the entrained flow gasification of carbonaceous fuels with a reaction chamber (2) and an adjoining cooling chamber (4) within a pressure-bearing reactor wall (1), wherein - at least one burner (3) for the partial oxidation of the fuels to raw synthesis gas and a cooling screen (5) for delimiting the reaction space are arranged in the reaction chamber (2), - in the cooling chamber (4), the raw synthesis gas and slag particles transported along with it can be cooled below the ash melting point in contact with a cooling liquid, - an intermediate floor (B) composed of several concentric annular elements, separating both chambers from each other and enclosing a central slag drain body (S), wherein the slag drain body (S) has a central opening for the overflow of the raw synthesis gas and the drainage of molten slag from the reaction chamber (2) into the cooling chamber (4), - several elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to one another and to the slag drain body (S) without gaps in such a way that a gas-tight underside of the intermediate floor (B) is formed between the slag drain body (S) and the reactor wall (1), delimiting the gas space of the cooling chamber (4), and - cavities (H1, H2) between the elements of the intermediate floor (B) are connected to each other, to an inert gas purge and to the gas space of the cooling chamber (4) by pressure equalisation channels (21a, 21b), - the underside of the intermediate floor (B) has a corrosion-resistant surface. - the corrosion-resistant surface is formed by corrosion-resistant coatings and / or corrosion-resistant materials of the elements. - corrosion-resistant coatings are applied to the underside of the base plate (6), the support ring (7) and the jacket support ring (18) and - the outer sealing ring (9), the inner sealing ring (10), the lower support plate (11) and the lower stabilizing ring (12) are made of corrosion-resistant metal alloys characterized by , that, - the support ring (7) of the intermediate floor (B) is designed concentrically to the reactor shell (1), whereby - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in an upper horizontal plane by means of screw bolts (15), spacer sleeves (16) and protective caps (17) to a circular upper support plate (13) and this is firmly connected to an upper stabilising ring (14), - the support ring (7) is detachably connected in a lower horizontal plane to a circular lower support plate (11) by means of a ring-shaped weld lip seal (L), - the lower support plate (11) is firmly connected to the lower stabilizing ring (12) and - the cooling screen (5) is fixedly mounted on the support ring (7) with a support ring (5r) and the slag drain body (S) is fixedly mounted on the upper support plate (13) with a further support ring (8r). [3] Reactor according to claim 2, characterized by that the slag drain body (S) is essentially formed from cooling water pipes (8), and - the gas-tight underside is formed by the elements of the intermediate floor (B) base plate (6), support ring (7), outer sealing ring (9), inner sealing ring (10), lower support plate (11), lower stabilising ring (12) and jacket support ring (18), [4] Reactor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by that the detachable screw bolts (15) and the multi-separable welding lip seal (L) are the only means for fastening the slag drain body (S) to the intermediate floor (B). [5] Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the intermediate floor (B) is fastened to the inside of the reactor wall (1) by means of a jacket support ring (18), a jacket ring (19) and radially arranged ribbed plates (20), these elements consisting of single-layer welded commercially available sheets.

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