Hybrid component and method for manufacturing a hybrid component and its use

Abstract

Hybrid component (10) comprising an end fitting (12) made of a thermoplastic material, PEEK or PA, provided with reinforcing fillers and with mineral and / or metallic filler additives to achieve electrical conductivity, and a pipe section (14) made of a metallic material, which are electrically connected to each other, characterized in that the hybrid component (10) has a sealing area (62) and a locally separate positive locking area (60) for force transmission, given by a profile (52) extending in the axial direction (58) of the hybrid component (10), within which a pipe wall (16) of the pipe section (14) is expanded into an inner contour (18) of the end fitting (12).

Description

Technical FieldThe invention relates to a hybrid component which comprises an end fitting and a pipe part, and to a method for producing a hybrid component and to its use in an aircraft.Prior ArtDE 10 2015 111 388 A1 relates to a method for connecting metallic fittings to pipes made of fiber composite material and lines, obtainable by this method. A system is disclosed comprising a tube and at least one fitting, wherein the tube consists essentially of a thermoplastic fiber composite material and the fitting consists essentially of titanium or a titanium alloy, and the tube and fitting are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner. Furthermore, a method for producing a system is disclosed, which comprises the following method steps: a) positioning the pipe and fitting and optionally a sleeve with respect to one another, such that a partial region of the fitting or a partial region of the sleeve comes to lie on the outer side of the pipe, b) positioning a means for supporting the pipe wall in the interior of the pipe, c) welding the pipe and fitting to one another, wherein the welding is carried out using an ultrasonic welding apparatus.US 2017 / 0040717 A1 discloses a connecting device for bonding electrically conductive pipes. The apparatus includes a body defining a channel having two end segments. Each of these end segments receives a pipe end, each end segment is provided with an annular shoulder and with a flank which points to an inlet of a said end segment. The device comprises at least one electrically deformable guiding element comprising ends acting against said flanks of the annular recess and at least one intermediate portion extending into the channel to ensure electrical continuity between the two pipe ends.U.S. Pat. No. 8,562,027 B2 relates to a connecting device for fuel pipes of an aircraft. A first end fitting and a second end fitting, which are formed to be complementary to each other, are made of a resistive material, which is an insulating material with conductive fibers. Each of the first and second end fittings is configured to be bonded to a radial outer wall at the end of a respective pipe in a fuel piping system or to a radial outer wall at an end of a respective pipe connector. Each of the complementary end fittings includes an inwardly facing shoulder configured to cooperate with an axial end surface of the corresponding tube in the fuel line or with an axial end surface of a corresponding tube connector.EP 3 011 211 B1 relates to a visual indicator for a cold-formed fluid coupling. A fluid coupling component is provided having a sidewall forming an interior cavity with a plurality of grooves formed on an interior surface of the sidewall. An opening is formed in a side wall that intersects one of the grooves, and an indicator material is disposed in the opening. Furthermore, a fluid transmission component is provided which is connected to the fluid coupling component by a pressing method. By means of the pressing method, material is pressed from the fluid transfer component into the grooves, whereby the indicator material is displaced within the opening.EP 2 586 708 A2 relates to a pipe connection. Two opposing pipe ends are joined together by a hydraulic fitting having a softer intermediate metal layer, the softer intermediate metal layer being disposed in a region where the fitting covers the hydraulic pipe during compression under pressure.US 2017 / 0103832 A1 relates to an electrical insulation. A sleeve is enclosed by a cover which engages over the pipe ends and covers the two pipe ends carrying a fluid. At each of the pipe ends, a pair of seals is provided which are covered by a sleeve-shaped intermediate piece.EP 1 533 555 A1 relates to a connection of two pipes while realizing an electrical conductivity.In particular in aircraft which have nonmetallic wing tanks, for safety reasons, no fully metallic pipe strings must run between the individual tank boundaries. The wings of modern aircraft and also the fuel tanks are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. This plastic has a relatively high electrical resistance compared to metallic materials. A fully metallic pipe string with comparatively low electrical resistance, which would be installed inside a plastic tank, would have the consequence that, in the event of a lightning strike, the electrical charge would pass through the wing tank along the pipe string instead of taking the path via the plastic outer skin. If, on the other hand, high electrical charges are present in the wing tank, there is the risk of spark formation and consequently the possibility of igniting the fuel stored in the wing tanks. In order to eliminate this risk, the pipe section within the wing tank must have a defined electrical resistance which is large enough for the lightning strike not to pass through the section, but at the same time also small enough for electrostatic charges caused by the liquid friction to be able to be reliably discharged. A common value for the electrical resistance for this application lies between 0.1-3 MOh / m. The architecture of wing fuel systems made of plastic materials meets the above-mentioned requirements by fastening metallic connectors made of aluminum material to the wing structure and using fuel lines floating between them and having high resistance values. These fuel lines are wound from continuous glass fibers and are bonded by means of a resin matrix to form a thermosetting plastic. The matrix used is interspersed with technical carbon black, which is usually carbon, and thereby provides the required electrical resistance in the above-mentioned order of magnitude of 0.1-3 MOh / m at the fuel pipe.The fuel pipes currently installed in the wing tanks made of plastic material have essentially the following disadvantages: due to the thermosetting plastics used for the fuel lines used up to now, a relatively low modulus of elasticity is available for the strength design in comparison with metallic material. This leads to large wall thicknesses and ultimately to a high component weight, which cannot be weighed up either by the low density. A comparable tube made of aluminum material has significant weight advantages. This has the disadvantage that a thermosetting plastic is very sensitive to impacts. Damage to a glass fiber wound tube is not reliably detected by the naked eye. The damage tolerance of an aluminum pipe is significantly higher in comparison therewith. Finally, the carbon embedded in the tube matrix in combination with aluminum leads to corrosion damage. Consequently, the aluminum connectors used hitherto, in which the fuel pipes are accommodated, are damaged at the sealing seat. Leaks result therefrom. In order to avoid this risk, the tubes currently in use are retrofitted with metallic ends, which in turn leads to a marked increase in weight.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative solution for the tubes used hitherto and used thermosetting material, the disadvantages of which during operation have been briefly summarized above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reliable solution which reliably excludes retrofitting after a certain operating time on account of problems which have occurred, in particular provides advantages with regard to weight, has improved damage tolerance and which in particular reliably excludes corrosion phenomena.According to the invention, a hybrid component is proposed, comprising an end fitting and a pipe part which are electrically conductively connected to one another, wherein the hybrid component has a sealing region and a force-fit region which is locally separated from the latter and within which a pipe wall of the pipe part is expanded into an inner contour of the end fitting.Following the solution proposed according to the invention, a flange arrangement for connecting the two components end fitting and pipe part can thereby be avoided, which brings with it a saving in weight. The hybrid component proposed according to the invention can firstly ensure tightness for liquids, in particular fuel and gases, and secondly use a force-fit connection for absorbing axial forces and bending moments without additional connecting components such as bolts, rivets, screws or nuts or the like. Following the solution proposed according to the invention, the frictional engagement region within the hybrid component is represented by a profile extending in the axial direction of the hybrid component. This profiling comprises at least one groove running circumferentially in the circumferential direction of the pipe part. The profiling preferably comprises a plurality of groove-shaped depressions lying next to one another in the end region of the pipe part.According to the invention, the end fitting comprises the inner contour on an inner lateral surface, which contour runs substantially in the shape of a sine wave. The inner contour can be produced, for example, in the case of an end fitting which is made of thermoplastic material, already during production by the plastics injection moulding process and is designed such that, in particular when formed as a sine wave, no sharp transitions are produced, which compensates for a plastic deformation of the pipe part and enables a force-locking connection which transmits particularly large axial forces. The introduction of the wave-shaped inner contour into the blank of the end fitting can also be effected in such a way that firstly a blank of the end fitting with a smooth inner contour is produced by means of injection molding and the subsequent introduction of the inner contour is effected, for example, in sinusoidal wave form by means of a machining process.The sealing region of the hybrid component proposed according to the invention is formed by at least one sealing element in the end fitting, which rests against the tube wall of the tube part. The at least one inserted sealing element is in particular at least one O-ring, which is let into a circumferential recess in the inner jacket of the end fitting.Following the solution proposed according to the invention, the pipe part can be manufactured from metallic material, preferably aluminum or titanium. All ductile metals, including steel and metal alloys, and also thermoplastics can be used.The hybrid component further comprises the end fitting, which is made of a thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PA reinforced with reinforcing fillers such as, for example, short-cut glass fibers. In order to ensure electrical conductivity of the end fitting, its material contains metallic and / or mineral additive fillers. According to the addition amount of these mineral or metallic additive fillers in the material of the end fitting, the electrical resistance can be adjusted to a specific value adjusted for the application.In an advantageous development of the solution proposed according to the invention, the end fitting and the pipe part of the hybrid component are electrically connected via at least one contact lug which is applied to the pipe wall of the pipe part or is connected thereto, for example by means of a materially bonded contact lug. For safety reasons, instead of a contact lug, a contact lug pair can be used to ensure redundancy. However, this is only one possibility for the electrical connection of the end fitting and the pipe part. A further possibility for forming the electrical connection is a surface contact between the inner contour of the end fitting and the outer jacket of the pipe part in the region of the plastic deformation. This requires special surface treatments of the end fitting as well as of the pipe part. The injection molding skin of the end fitting must be removed in the area of the production of the surface contact, since the injection molding skin has an insulating effect. It can be effected, for example, by machining processes which are likewise carried out on the end fitting for the introduction of the wave-shaped, for example sinusoidal, inner contour. The end of the tube part experiences electrical chemical methods, depending on the metal alloy of the tube part used. This removes possible oxide layers on the surface and builds up electrically conductive layers.The solution proposed according to the invention additionally relates to a method for producing a hybrid component from an end fitting made of a first material and a pipe part made of a second material, wherein the following method steps are carried out: a) positioning at least one sealing element on the end fitting, b) placing the end fitting with a contour on an inner surface onto the pipe part, c) introducing a pressure unit into the pipe part, d) supporting the periphery of the end fitting with a counter-holding tool, e) forming a pressure chamber within the pipe part and applying a pressure medium to the pressure chamber, and f) expanding the pipe wall of the pipe part into the inner contour of the end fitting in order to produce a force-fit region.In connection with this manufacturing method, it is to be emphasized in particular that the inner contour of the end fitting remains plastically undeformed on its inner lateral surface, i.e. the end fitting, due to the support by means of the counter-holding tool, does not experience any change in its geometry when the end fitting and pipe part are being joined.Following the method proposed according to the invention, the first material is a thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PA with reinforcing fillers and ceramic and / or metallic additive fillers for establishing an electrical conductivity.Following the method according to the invention, the second material is metallic material, preferably aluminum or titanium. Furthermore, all ductile metals, including steel and metal alloys, can be used, as can thermoplastic materials.It is also possible for the first material to be metallic material, preferably aluminum or titanium.For this case, the hybrid component can be joined from identical metallic materials at room temperature, wherein the above method steps a) to f) are carried out at room temperature.In a modification of the method proposed according to the invention, the first and the second material can also be thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PA with reinforcing fillers and mineral and / or metallic additive fillers for establishing an electrical conductivity.In this case, the process steps e) and f) of the process proposed according to the invention have to be carried out at an elevated temperature level. In the case where PEEK is used as the plastic material, the elevated temperature level is about 200° C.Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the hybrid component in a wing fuel system in a wing of an aircraft which is made of carbon fibre reinforced plastic material.The use of the hybrid component proposed according to the invention can be used in principle in all liquid- and gas-transporting systems within an aircraft, regardless of the design of the aircraft. The use of the hybrid component is not limited to fuel tanks in wings made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, but rather the use in the aircraft fuselage is also conceivable, regardless of whether it is a metal fuselage or a plastic fuselage. Particularly in the metal-metal design, a wide range of applications of the solution proposed according to the invention is conceivable, which is nowadays realized by pinch connections, for example in fuel-hydraulic-water-wastewater and cooling systems of an aircraft.Advantages of the InventionThe hybrid component proposed according to the invention is manufactured from an end fitting made of a thermoplastic material and a pipe part made of a metallic material and avoids the disadvantages indicated above of a fuel line which is substantially produced from a thermosetting material. It is possible to avoid excessively large wall thicknesses, which lead to a high weight, the damage tolerance of a metal material, for example aluminum or titanium, is significantly higher, and furthermore the risk of corrosion by conductive carbon black embedded in the tube matrix of the thermosetting plastic, essentially carbon in combination with aluminum, can be ruled out. By adding corresponding additive fillers, whether metallic or mineral, the electrical conductivity of the hybrid component can be adjusted to the range required in aviation applications. This modulus of elasticity lies within a wide resistance range between 0.1-3 MOh / m. The metallic pipe part provides a significantly higher modulus of elasticity and is distinguished by advantages in the case of vibration and compressive loading by internal and external pressure and by a higher bending strength, in particular in the region of a line center. The ductile characteristic of a material such as aluminum provides higher damage tolerance. The solution proposed according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the use of carbon or carbon black, which are usually used to make thermoplastics electrically conductive. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the thermoplastics used in the hybrid component proposed according to the invention are distinguished by high impact strength compared with thermosets.With regard to the method proposed according to the invention for producing the hybrid component, it should be emphasized that the method proposed according to the invention can avoid a point-like annular loading of the contour of the end fitting and, associated with its plastic deformation. If a squeezing process were used to produce the connection proposed according to the invention, this method would necessarily smooth the inner contour provided on the inner lateral surface of the end fitting before the desired deformation of the metallic tube occurs. In order to achieve a targeted expansion of the pipe part into the inner contour of the thermoplastic fitting, a pressure medium, in particular a liquid, is used as expansion medium in the method proposed according to the invention. The process of hydroplastic forming prevents point loads and ensures the desired plastic expansion of the tube wall of the tube part into the inner contour of the end fitting made of thermoplastic material surrounding the tube part. This ensures a permanent positive and non-positive connection. For applying the hydrostatic pressure, a pressure unit is introduced into the pipe end of the pipe part, which is designed in such a way that the application of pressure is locally limited to the region of the inner contour of the end fitting, which surrounds a pipe end of the pipe part made of metallic material. This ensures that the deformation takes place exclusively in the frictional connection region and the sealing region remains unaffected thereby. During the pressurization of the end fitting plugged onto the pipe part, the latter is supported from the outside over its full circumference by a counter-holding tool, so that its original geometry remains unchanged.Due to the local separation, i.e. the decoupling of the sealing seat and the force-fit region, it is always ensured that the hybrid component, i.e. the connection of the end fitting and the pipe part, is permanently fluid-tight under all operating temperature ranges which extend from -55° C. to +85° C. in aircraft, although the selected material pairing has greatly different coefficients of thermal expansion. In the case of crimp connections from the prior art, this would not be possible, and furthermore the material pairing would be limited to very similar thermal expansion coefficients, so that the tightness at higher or low temperatures is not lost. Only the separation of functions proposed according to the invention and the integration of at least one separate sealing element make a hybrid construction, as proposed according to the invention, of the materials plastic and metal possible for the first time.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGReferring now to the drawings, the invention will be described in more detail.It shows: FIG. 1 shows a half section through the hybrid component proposed according to the invention with an undeformed tube part, FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the hybrid component with a partial section in a perspective view and a contact lug not placed thereon, FIG. 3 shows the hybrid component according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the pressure unit inserted into the interior, the contact lug not placed, the tube part not deformed, and the end fitting enclosed by a counter-holding tool, FIG. 4 shows the hybrid component with an internal pressure unit with a pressure chamber pressurized by pressure medium and a formed profile within the force fit region and the end fitting enclosed by the counter-holding tool, FIG. 5 shows a half section through the hybrid component, in which the pipe wall is expanded into the inner contour on the inner lateral surface of the end fitting, FIG. 6 shows the representation of the hybrid component according to FIG. 5 in a perspective view, with the contact lug applied to the tube part and with the sealing region and the frictional connection region locally separated from one another, and FIG. 7 shows the hybrid component comprising the pipe part and the end fitting, wherein the end fitting is electrically conductively connected to the pipe part made of metallic material by a pair of contact lugs.Embodiment VariantsThe illustration according to FIG. 1 shows a half section through a hybrid component according to the invention, comprising an end fitting 12 and a pipe part 14.The half-section according to FIG. 1 shows that an end fitting 12 made of a thermoplastic material is plugged onto one end of a pipe part 14 made of metallic material. FIG. 1 shows that the end of the pipe part 14 or its pipe wall 16 abuts on a collar 32 on an inner lateral surface 26 of the end fitting 12. The end fitting 12 engages over the collar 32 with its inner lateral surface 26, wherein at least one encircling recess 20 is formed in the end fitting 12, in which recess preferably at least one sealing element 22 formed as an O-ring is located. Furthermore, an inner contour 18 is formed on the inner jacket surface 26 of the end fitting 12, which inner contour has, for example, a sine-wave shape and extends in the axial direction in the tube wall 16 of the end fitting 12. The end fitting 12 comprises a first end side 28 and a second end side 30. an undeformed contact lug 24 extends from the second end side 30 parallel to the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 and is not connected to the tube wall 16 or is placed against it in the state illustrated in FIG. 1. Reference numeral 34 denotes an axis of symmetry of the hybrid component 10. If a plurality of sealing elements 22 are used, a plurality of recesses 20 are also required in the end fitting 12, one recess 20 per sealing element 22.In a first preferred embodiment variant, the end fitting 12 is manufactured from a thermoplastic material such as PEEK or PA, for example, and provided with reinforcing fillers. To produce and in particular to adjust the electrical conductivity, i.e. the electrical resistance of the end fitting 12, mineral or metallic additive fillers are added to the latter in a corresponding amount.According to the addition of the amount of the mineral and / or metallic filler additives, the electrical resistance is adjusted to a specific value depending on the application. The tubular member 14 is made of a metallic material such as aluminum or titanium. Furthermore, all ductile metals, steel and metal alloys, as well as thermoplastics, can also be used.FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the hybrid component 10 according to the illustration in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from the partial section according to the illustration in FIG. 2 that the pipe wall 16 of the pipe part 14, which is partially enclosed by the end fitting 12 until it bears against the collar 32, is present in the undeformed state 36. The pipe wall 16 of the pipe part 14 abuts along the region of the end fitting 12 which is substantially embodied as a sinusoidal-wave-shaped inner contour 18. Furthermore, locally decoupled from the inner contour 18, i.e. away from it in the axial direction, is the recess 20, in which the at least one sealing element 22, which is preferably designed as an O-ring, is accommodated. It can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 2 and from that according to FIG. 1 that the inner contour 18 on which, as described below, a non-positive engagement region 60 is formed and the recess 20 with the at least one sealing element 22, which is designed as an O-ring and forms a sealing region 62, are locally spaced apart from one another.The hybrid component 10 according to FIG. 2 is subsequently subjected to a joining process which is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.FIG. 3 shows that the hybrid component 10 comprising the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14 is provided with an internal pressure unit 38. The inner pressure unit 38 comprises a number of outlet openings 40 for a pressure medium, wherein the pressure medium is in particular a liquid as expansion medium. By means of a hydroplastic deformation, point loads are prevented and in particular a desired plastic expansion of the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 into the inner contour 18 of the end fitting 12 is achieved. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the end fitting 12 is fully supported on its circumferential surface by a counter-holding tool 48. The counter-holding tool 48 is designed such that it encloses, i.e. supports, the end fitting 12 in the region of the pressure chamber 42 defined by the inner pressure unit 38. The pressure chamber 42 is delimited and sealed by two mutually opposite sealing elements 44 of the inner pressure unit 38. In the partial section shown in FIG. 3, the pressure chamber 42 is not yet subjected to pressure, and furthermore the undeformed contact lug 24, which is located on the second end face 30 of the end fitting 12, just does not yet contact the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14, but rather extends in the axial direction parallel thereto.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the end fitting 12 is supported by the counter-holding tool 48 on the inner lateral surface 26 in the region of the inner contour 18; the pressure chamber 42 is not yet subjected to pressure, so that the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 is still in the undeformed state 36.FIG. 4 shows the hybrid component 10 received in the counter-holding tool 48, comprising the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14, in the deformed state 50 of the pipe part 14.It can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 4 that the pressure chamber 42, acted upon by a liquid which is preferably used as pressure medium, has produced a profiling 52 in the tube part 14 in the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 made of metallic material. The profiling 52 is limited to the pressure chamber 42 as viewed in the axial direction of the tube part 14. This means that the profiling 52 is produced in a locally well-defined region in the pipe wall 16 of the pipe part 14. The contact of the at least one sealing element 22, preferably designed as an O-ring, received in the encircling recess 20 with the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 is not impaired; as a result, the sealing function is locally separated from the frictional connection function and independent thereof.It can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 4 that the profile 52 in the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 substantially corresponds to the profile of the inner contour 18 on the inner lateral surface 26 of the end fitting 12. Due to the essentially sine-wave-shaped configuration of the inner contour 18 on the inner lateral surface 26 of the end fitting 12, sharp-edged transitions are avoided, which in the worst case could lead to stress peaks in the materials of the components of the hybrid component 10 to be joined together.In order to achieve a targeted expansion of the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 into the end fitting 12 made of thermoplastic material, a liquid is used as expansion medium in the joining method proposed according to the invention. The process used for the hydroplastic deformation prevents, on the one hand, material loads at points and, on the other hand, ensures the desired plastic expansion of the pipe wall 16 into the inner contour 18 of the end fitting 12 made of thermoplastic material. This deformation achieves a permanent form-fit and force-fit connection.It can be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 4 that, in this embodiment of the joining process, a contact lug which is fastened to the second end face 30 of the end fitting 12 bears against the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 and represents the electrical connection between the end fitting 12 and the tube part 14.FIG. 5 shows the hybrid component 10 comprising the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14 in the deformed state 50 of the pipe part 14.The half section according to FIG. 5 of the hybrid component 10 shows that, in the deformed state 50 of the pipe part 14, a number of grooves 56 are formed within a profile 52 of the pipe wall 16 of the pipe part 14. The grooves 56 extend in the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 completely along the circumference of the tube part 14, and in the illustration according to FIG. 5 four grooves 56 lying next to one another which form the profiling 52 are illustrated; however, fewer or more grooves 56 could also be formed in the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14. As can be seen from the half section according to FIG. 5, the individual grooves 56 of the profiling 52 nestle in the corresponding recesses of the inner contour 18 on the inner lateral surface 26 of the fitting 12. Locally separated from the profile 52, the at least one sealing element 22-let into the recess 20 of the end fitting 12-forms a fluid seal for liquids or gases.The profiling 52 extends in the axial direction 58 of the hybrid component 10, which is designed symmetrically with respect to its axis of symmetry 34. It can furthermore be seen from FIG. 5 that a contact lug provided on the second end side 30 forms in this case an applied contact lug 54, which represents an electrical connection between the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14.FIG. 6 shows a partial section and perspective view of the representation according to FIG. 5 of the hybrid component.Whereas in the hybrid component 10 the sealing region 62 is formed by the at least one sealing element 22, which is designed as an O-ring and bears against the tube part 14 on the tube wall 16, the frictional connection region 60 is located, as viewed in the axial direction 58 of the tube part 14, in a locally decoupled manner from the sealing region 62, at a distance from the sealing region 62. As already indicated in connection with FIG. 4, the profiling 52 corresponds substantially to the axial extension of the pressure chamber 42 which is defined by the inner pressure unit 38 according to the representations in FIGS. 3 and 4. The illustrations according to FIGS. 5 and 6 also show that the tube wall 16 of the tube part 14 and the inner lateral surface 26 of the end fitting 12 bear on one another without any gaps at a collar 32. Slightly offset axially with respect to the position of the collar 32, the sealing region 62 runs in the hybrid component.FIG. 7 shows the representation of the hybrid component 10 in a perspective representation. The hybrid component 10 is designed rotationally symmetrical to its axis of symmetry 34 and comprises the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14 in the illustration according to FIG. 7 In contrast to the illustrations of the hybrid component according to FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, a pair of contact lugs 64 are illustrated in the perspective illustration according to FIG. 7, which bear against the pipe part 14 in the state illustrated in FIG. 7. Analogously to the preceding representations, the end fitting 12 comprises the first end side 28 and the second end side 30, on which the contact tab pair 64 is accommodated in the fitted state.The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a hybrid component 10 from an end fitting 12 made of a first material and a pipe part 14 made of a second material, having the following method steps: a) positioning at least one sealing element 22 on the end fitting 12, b) placing the end fitting 12 with an inner contour 18 on an inner lateral surface 26 on the pipe part 14, c) introducing a pressure unit 38 into the pipe part 14, d) supporting the circumference of the end fitting 12 with a counter-holding tool 48, e) forming a pressure chamber 42 within the pipe part 14 and applying a pressure medium to the pressure chamber 42 and f) expanding the pipe wall 16 of the pipe part 14 into the inner contour 18 of the end fitting 12 in order to produce a force-fit region 60.In a preferred possible implementation of the above-mentioned method, the first material for the end fitting 12 is thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PA provided with reinforcing fillers and mineral and / or metallic filler materials for establishing and setting an electrical conductivity. In the case of the second material for the pipe part 14, metallic material, preferably aluminum or titanium, is preferably used. Furthermore, all ductile metals, for example also steel and metal alloys, can be used, as can thermoplastics.In a modification of the material selection for the first material for the end fitting 12 and the second material for the pipe part 14, metallic material, which is preferably aluminum, titanium, steel or alloys thereof, could also be selected as the first material, i.e. as the material for the end fitting 12. In this case, the "hybrid component" 10 would be made of metallic material with respect to its end fitting 12 and its advantage. In this case, the above process steps a) to f) can be carried out at room temperature.Furthermore, it is possible to use thermoplastic material for the first material of the end fitting 12 and the second material for the pipe part 14, wherein the first and / or the second material can be reinforced with reinforcing fillers, for example, and would be provided with mineral and / or metallic filler additives in each case for bringing about or adjusting their electrical conductivity, i.e. their electrical resistance. In the case of this material selection, the method steps e) and f) described above must be carried out at an elevated temperature level. If, for example, PEEK is used as the plastic material, the elevated temperature level is about 200° C.Finally, the present invention relates to the use of the hybrid component 10 in a wing fuel system in a wing made of carbon fibre reinforced plastics material of an aircraft.The plastic material for the end fitting 12 does not necessarily have to be electrically conductive. The addition of metallic and / or mineral additives is not a mandatory requirement if it does not require application. For example, this is fulfilled in the fuselage region of aircraft, where metal fuel pipes and electrically insulating plastics are combined. Electrically conductive plastics would also not necessarily be necessary in a water / wastewater application, since the charge dissipation takes place via the transported medium, in this case water or wastewater.If a plurality of sealing elements 22, for example designed as an O-ring, are used, then the arrangement of a further sealing element 22 on both sides of the profiling 52 in the tube part 14 would also have to be provided, within which the deformed state 50 of the tube part 14 is established.In the case of different material combinations of end fitting 12 and pipe part 14 with regard to the thermal expansion coefficients present, it would be conceivable to join them at other higher or lower temperature levels, so that in the operating temperature spectrum a gap can never be formed between the inner contour 18 of the end fitting 12 and the outer jacket of the pipe wall 16. The temperature levels for joining are oriented to the limits of the service temperatures, in aircraft usually between -55° C. and +85 ° C. Ob joining is carried out at a higher or lower temperature level, is defined by the selected material pairing. The advantage of a connection designed without gaps within the hybrid component 10 under all operating temperatures enables a reliable production of a surface contact between the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14 in the region of the profile 52 for the purpose of electrically conductive connection of the two components involved, namely the end fitting 12 and the pipe part 14 of the hybrid component 10.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described here and the aspects emphasized therein. Rather, within the scope of the claims, a variety of modifications are possible, which are within the scope of specialist activity.List of reference characters10 Hybrid component 12 End fitting 14 Pipe part 16 Pipe wall 18 Inner contour 20 Recess 22 Sealing element 24 Contact lug, undeformed 26 Inner jacket surface of the end fitting 12 28 First end side of the end fitting 12 30 Second end side of the end fitting 12 32 Collar 34 Axis of symmetry 36 Undeformed state of the pipe part 14 38 Inner pressure unit 40 Outlet openings Pressure medium 42 Pressure chamber 44 Sealing elements Pressure unit 46 Inner jacket surface of the pipe part 14 48 Counter-holding tool 50 Deformed state of the pipe part 14 52 Profiling in the pipe part 14 54 Contact lug applied 56 Grooves in the circumferential direction 58 Axial direction 60 Force-fit region 62 Sealing region 64 Contact lug pair applied

Claims

Hybrid component (10) comprising an end fitting (12) made of a thermoplastic material, PEEK or PA provided with reinforcing fillers and with mineral and / or metallic filler additives for establishing an electrical conductivity, and a pipe part (14) made of a metallic material which are electrically conductively connected to one another, characterized in that the hybrid component (10) has a sealing region (62) and a form-fit region (60), which is locally separated therefrom, for the transmission of force, provided by a profiling (52), which extends in the axial direction (58) of the hybrid component (10) and within which a pipe wall (16) of the pipe part (14) is expanded into an inner contour (18) of the end fitting (12).Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the profiling (52) has at least one groove (56) running in the circumferential direction of the pipe part (14).Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner contour (18) on an inner lateral surface (26) of the end fitting (12) runs substantially in a wave-shaped manner, for example in a sinusoidal wave-shaped manner.Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sealing region (62) is formed by at least one sealing element (22) in the end fitting (12), which sealing element bears against the tube wall (16) of the tube part (14).Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the at least one sealing element (22) is designed as an O-ring which is let into a circumferential recess (20) of the end fitting (12).Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the metallic material is aluminium, titanium, ductile metal, steel or a metal alloy.Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the addition amount of mineral and / or metallic filler additives to the material of the end fitting (12), the electrical resistance of which is set, is used.Hybrid component (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the end fitting (12) and the pipe part (14) are electrically contacted via at least one contact lug (54) which is applied to the pipe wall (16) of the pipe part (14) or is connected thereto, or by a surface contact between the end fitting (12) and the pipe part (14).Method for producing a hybrid component (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 from an end fitting (12) made of a first material and a pipe part (14) made of a second material, having the following method steps: a) positioning at least one sealing element (22) on the end fitting (12), b) plugging on the end fitting (12) with an inner contour (18) on an inner lateral surface (26) onto the pipe part (14), c) introducing a pressure unit (38) into the pipe part (14), d) supporting the periphery of the end fitting (12) with a counter-holding tool (48) e) forming a pressure chamber (42) within the pipe part (14) and applying a pressure medium to the pressure chamber (42) and f) expanding the pipe wall (16) of the pipe part (14) into the inner contour (18) of the end fitting (12) in order to produce a positive-locking region for force transmission (60).Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the second material is metallic material, preferably aluminum, titanium, ductile metal, steel or a metal alloy.Process according to any of Claims 9 to 10, characterized in that process steps a) to f) are carried out at room temperature.Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the first material is thermoplastic material, preferably PEEK or PA, reinforced with reinforcing filler and provided with mineral and / or metallic filler additives for establishing an electrical conductivity.Process according to Claims 9 and 12, characterized in that process steps e) and f) are carried out at an elevated temperature level of about 200°C or more.Use of the hybrid component (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 in a wing fuel system in a wing made of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics material of an aircraft.

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