Temperature control system

Abstract

Temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a room, comprising - a heating element (4) with a surface facing the room and a surface facing away from the room, - an insulating and / or reflective element (7) arranged at a distance from the heating element (4) and on the surface of the heating element (4) facing away from the room, so that an inner air gap (6) is formed between the insulating and / or reflective element (7) and the heating element (4), wherein the insulating and / or reflective element (7) is designed to be thermally insulating and to reflect IR rays, wherein a second spacer element is arranged between the insulating and / or reflective element (7) and the heating element (4), wherein the second spacer element has an open grid-like or honeycomb-like structure, so that the inner air gap (6) is formed within the open grid-like or honeycomb structure, and - a first spacer element (2) arranged on the surface of the insulation and / or reflection element (7) facing away from the room in order to form an outer air gap (8) between the insulation and / or reflection element (7) and a wall (9) of the room.

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to a temperature control system which is particularly suitable for temperature control of a room, such as the room of a building. Background of the invention

[0002] Climate change and the resulting necessary energy transition encompasses the three sectors of electricity, heat, and mobility and requires a shift away from fossil fuels as energy sources. As a result, conventional heating systems will decline in importance and be replaced by innovative systems that can be powered by renewable energy sources.

[0003] The current state of the art includes various heating systems, most of which are still powered by fossil fuels, as well as newer systems such as heat pumps, combined heat and power plants, solar thermal systems, and others. These systems are primarily based on the convection heating principle.

[0004] In these systems, a medium, such as water, is heated by a central heating unit and then distributed via supply lines to convectors located in the rooms to be heated. These convectors transfer their heat to the room air through convection, although it should be noted that air is considered a poor heat transfer medium.

[0005] The heated air rises to the upper levels of the room, while the cooler air disperses to the lower levels where the occupants are located. As a result, a high energy consumption is required to maintain a sufficient room temperature.

[0006] The temperature difference between the different areas of the room leads to air circulation, which causes dust to swirl around the room, which is problematic for allergy sufferers.

[0007] These disadvantages of conventional systems, which exist even in new electrical heating systems such as air heat pumps, lead to a high inertia of the systems, which contradicts the energy sufficiency required by the energy transition (energy-relevant consumption and usage behavior, e.g. through demand-specific heating profiles).

[0008] Another disadvantage of convection is that the temperature exchange between the air layers in the room causes cold air to pass over the walls, creating condensation. Due to current insulation technology in buildings using external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) and their airtightness, the combination of convection heating and ETICS creates a breeding ground for mold growth, which can lead to both health and structural problems.

[0009] Airtightness and the risk of mold growth, especially in buildings insulated with ETICS, are counteracted by the use of ventilation systems. This increases the economic and technical costs of construction projects.

[0010] Another disadvantage of these systems is their relatively high material costs. This, coupled with a time-consuming installation that requires specialized trades, results in high overall costs, while the specific heat requirement for heating rooms is constantly decreasing due to the Energy Saving Ordinance (ENEV). This means that the relatively high acquisition costs and installation effort of conventional systems are no longer commensurate with the required heat generation.

[0011] The effort and complexity of installation can also be seen as a disadvantage of these systems, as they require specially trained personnel and the increasing shortage of skilled workers results in delays and, as a result, increased costs of projects.

[0012] As an alternative to convection heating, the principle of thermal radiation can be considered. Thermal radiation is a type of heat transfer in which heat is transferred via electromagnetic waves (infrared (IR) radiation, infrared light).

[0013] In contrast to convective systems, it is not the air that is used as a heat carrier, but rather the walls and solid bodies in the room, which store the radiant heat and emit it into the room.

[0014] The thermal insulation primarily used in buildings today, for example using insulating materials based on polystyrene, leads to considerable heat losses, since these ETICS materials have an emissivity ε of approximately 0.6 and therefore only partially counteract heat losses due to radiation from the room.

[0015] There are different types of radiant heating systems, which are usually implemented as ohmic resistance heaters. Current designs primarily feature meandering heating wires. Applying an electrical voltage causes a current to flow through the heating wire. Due to the inherent resistance of the heating wire, the electric current generates heat energy in the electrical conductor according to Joule's first law.

[0016] The heating wire of meander-shaped wired heating elements typically has a diameter of less than 1 mm. This means that these systems have a very small heating surface area relative to the overall size of the heating system. As a result, a relatively large amount of energy is required to heat the entire heating surface. This increases the energy requirements of these systems to heat an area such as a room.

[0017] A further disadvantage of the small surface area of the heating wires becomes apparent when studying the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. The linear influence of the heating surface area on the resulting thermal radiation output Qw is derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law for calculating the radiation / thermal radiation output of non-black bodies: Qw=σ*ε*A*T4 with Q W = Thermal radiation power of a body in W / m 2 σ = Stefan Boltzmann constant 5.67 ε = emissivity of a body A = area of a body T = absolute temperature of a body in K

[0018] The use of polymer-based films with embedded carbon coatings for the implementation of surface heating systems, for example in residential areas, where they are used in floors and walls, is known from other areas of technology. An electrically conductive material with a defined carbon content is applied as an ohmic resistor over a large area between two current-carrying conductors. Applying a voltage to the contact points of the conductors causes a current to flow through the carbon layer, and due to the inherent resistance of the carbon layer, heat energy is generated in the electrical conductor according to Joule's First Law.

[0019] From DE 20 2015 101 047 U1 a heat insulation and surface heating system for external walls is known, which has a heat reflection material and at least one heating element, wherein, viewed from the external wall to the interior of the room, there is a first air space between the external wall and the heat reflection material and a further second air space is present between the heat reflection material and a wall closure on the interior side of the room and at least one heating element is present between the heat reflection material and the wall closure.

[0020] DE 20 2008 006 432 U1 describes a composite element for a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a room.

[0021] WO 96 / 27271 A1 discloses a wall convector comprising two protective panels made of thermally and mechanically resistant glass. One wall panel comprises a reflective layer and an intermediate heating plate with a thin electrically conductive layer opposite the layer. The panels are spaced apart sufficiently large to prevent excessive overheating of the air and sufficiently small to prevent disturbances due to drafts.

[0022] DE 30 09 800 A1 discloses an electric heater for heating the interior of buildings, comprising a heating element support and an electrical conductor as the heating element. The heating element support is a multi-pane insulating glass unit. The heating element is a layer applied to an outer pane of the multi-pane insulating glass unit, which, after installation, is positioned toward the interior of the housing.

[0023] From DE 39 32 101 A1 a panel radiator is known with a front plate made of natural stone with a flat back, an electric radiator attached thereto and a heat-reflecting, thin radiant panel arranged at a distance, wherein an air space open to the outside is formed between the radiator and the radiant panel. Object of the invention

[0024] One object underlying the invention is therefore to provide solutions for controlling the temperature of a room, such as a room in a building, that at least partially avoid the disadvantages known from the prior art. It should be irrelevant whether the building whose rooms are to be temperature-controlled is a new or old building. The solutions for controlling the temperature of a room should also be cost-effective and simple and easy to install, while simultaneously enabling more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective room temperature control. Inventive solution

[0025] This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0026] Accordingly, a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a room is provided, comprising - a heating element with a surface facing the room and a surface facing away from the room, - an insulation and / or reflection element which is arranged or can be arranged at a distance from the heating element and on the surface of the heating element facing away from the room, so that an inner air gap is formed between the insulation and / or reflection element and the heating element, wherein the insulation and / or reflection element is designed to be thermally insulating and to reflect IR rays, wherein a second spacer element is arranged between the insulation and / or reflection element and the heating element, wherein the second spacer element has an open grid-like or honeycomb-like structure, so that the inner air gap is formed within the open grid-like or honeycomb structure, and - a first spacer element which is arranged or can be arranged on the surface of the insulation and / or reflection element facing away from the room in order to form an external air gap between the insulation and / or reflection element and a wall of the room.

[0027] It is advantageous if the insulation and / or reflection element is designed to be flat and to reflect IR rays on both sides.

[0028] It can be advantageous if a heat accumulator is arranged on the surface of the heating element facing away from the room.

[0029] It may be advantageous if the heat accumulator is arranged between the heating element and the insulation and / or reflection element and at a distance from the insulation and / or reflection element.

[0030] A heat transfer medium can be arranged on the surface of the heating element facing the room.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, the heat transfer medium, the heating element and the heat accumulator can be in heat-conducting contact.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat carrier, the heating element and the heat accumulator can be designed together as a composite element.

[0033] The particular advantage here is that by combining several individual elements to form a composite component, which is made up of a heating element, a heat transfer medium and a heat storage medium, whereby the entire composite is in heat-conducting contact and heat is supplied to both the heat storage medium and the heat transfer medium via the heating element during the heating process, a particularly simple installation of the temperature control system according to the invention can be realized.

[0034] In combination with the insulation and / or reflection element, which is preferably arranged between two air layers or between two air gaps, a temperature control system can be created that can be operated efficiently and energy-savingly, reduces the electrical power required to heat a room, and supports summer heat protection. Thus, the temperature control system according to the invention can be used for both winter and summer temperature control of a room.

[0035] The insulation and / or reflection element and the second spacer element may be part of the composite element.

[0036] This achieves an even higher level of integration of the temperature control system according to the invention, which at the same time enables an even simpler installation of the temperature control system according to the invention.

[0037] The second spacer element can create an air gap between the insulation and / or reflection element and the heat storage device.

[0038] In the temperature control system, it can be advantageous if the heating element - a conductive coating that can be exposed to electrical energy, - a heating wire, in particular a meandering heating wire, - a water pipe, in particular a meandering water pipe, which can be supplied with hot water, - and combinations thereof includes.

[0039] The insulation and / or reflection element can - a high-gloss metal foil, in particular aluminum foil, or - a composite film comprising at least one IR-reflecting layer and at least one layer configured as an air cushion.

[0040] The temperature control system according to the invention can be used for winter and / or summer temperature control of a room, such as a room in a building. The temperature control system according to the invention can be mounted on the wall, ceiling, or floor of the room. In the temperature control system according to the invention, the heating element heats the heat transfer medium to generate infrared radiant heat. Another advantage is that the heat storage unit absorbs heat losses from the heat energy released by the heating element and the heat transfer medium during the heating phase and, when the heating element is inactive, ensures a slower cooling phase of the composite component.A further advantage is that in the summer period, summer heat protection is supported by the fact that the daily maximum temperature, which moves through the building envelope from the outside to the inside with a time shift (phase shift), is only passed on to the interior in small quantities by buffering (amplitude damping).

[0041] Due to the spaced arrangement of the insulation and / or reflection element from the wall or building envelope and the heating element or heat accumulator, an air layer or air gap is formed on both sides of the insulation and / or reflection element (inner and outer static air layer), which effectively reduces heat transfer from the building envelope or wall to the interior of the room, as well as from the interior of the room to the building envelope or wall. The insulation and / or reflection element acts as internal insulation. Radiant heat emitted by the heating element and / or heat accumulator is reflected back into the room, thus reducing radiant heat losses through the building envelope or wall.In addition, heating of the room in summer can be reduced by reflecting exogenous radiation energy, such as solar radiation, diffuse radiation, ambient radiation and the like, to the building envelope or wall by the insulation and / or reflection element.

[0042] The invention provides a kit for producing a temperature control system according to the invention.

[0043] Furthermore, a method for producing a temperature control system according to the invention is described, wherein the method comprises at least the following steps - Attaching a first spacer element to a building envelope or to a wall for attaching an insulation and / or reflection element, - Attaching the insulation and / or reflection element to / on the first spacer element; and - Attaching a second spacer element to the insulation and / or reflection element for fastening the composite element (if the insulation and / or reflection element is not already part of the composite element), wherein the spacer elements are designed - a static air gap between the building envelope or wall and the insulation and / or reflection element as well as a static air gap between the insulation and / or reflection element and the composite element, and - to ensure that there is as little contact as possible between the building envelope or wall and the insulation and / or reflection element, as well as between the insulation and / or reflection element and the composite element.

[0044] Also described is a method for heating a room, which comprises the steps of the method for producing a temperature control system according to the invention and a further step for operating the temperature control system produced.

[0045] In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature control system can be coupled to a control system, wherein the control system is adapted to detect a surface temperature of the temperature control system and to apply an electrical voltage to the temperature control system depending on the detected surface temperature. This can significantly improve energy efficiency. Description of the characters

[0046] Further details and features of the invention, as well as concrete, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention, will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawing. It shows: Fig. 1 a two-dimensional view of a first embodiment of a temperature control system 1 according to the invention, wherein the inner air layer 6 between - the assembly, which is made up of a heating element 4 directed towards the building envelope or the wall 9, a heat carrier 3 and a heat accumulator 5, the entire assembly being in heat-conducting contact, and - an insulation and / or reflection element 7 which preferably reflects IR on both sides and is applied as a covering skin to an open honeycomb core 26 which is mechanically connected to the heat accumulator (5), the inner air layer 6 being formed within the honeycomb core (26), and the entire composite 3, 4, 5 being fastened or capable of being fastened to the building envelope or wall 9 via a single-layer spacer element 2, the spacer element 2 forming an outer air layer 8 between the insulation and / or reflection element 7 and the building envelope or wall 9. Fig. 2 shows a sectional two-dimensional view of a second embodiment of the temperature control system 1 according to the invention, in which an insulation and / or reflection element 7, which preferably reflects IR on both sides, is or is attached over its entire surface to a spacer element 2, which is fixed to a building envelope or wall 9, wherein an outer air layer 8 is formed between the insulation and / or reflection element 7 and the building envelope or wall 9 by the vertically applied spacer element 2, and wherein a composite, - which is formed from a heating element 4 directed towards the building envelope or wall 9, a heat carrier 3 and a heat accumulator 5, and - the entire composite is in heat-conducting contact, is or can be fastened to a spacer element 2, whereby an inner air layer 6 is formed between the insulation and / or reflection element 7 and the composite. Fig. Figure 3 shows a partially sectioned three-dimensional view of the composite element 23 of a temperature control system according to the invention, wherein the composite element consists of - a heating element 4 directed towards the heat accumulator 5, which is formed by a heating coating applied between two conductor tracks 10, - a heat transfer medium 3 and - a heat accumulator 5, wherein the entire assembly is in heat-conducting contact, and is connected to a voltage source by means of contact points 11. Fig. Fig. 4 shows a partially sectioned three-dimensional view of the composite element 23 of a temperature control system according to the invention, wherein the composite element consists of - a heating element 4 directed towards the heat accumulator 5, which serves as an alternative to Fig. 3 is formed by a meandering heating wire, - a heat transfer medium (3) and - a heat accumulator (5), wherein the entire assembly is in heat-conducting contact and is connected to a voltage source by means of contact points 11. In Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 schematically shows a preferred variant of a method for installing the temperature control system according to the invention from Fig. 1 with a composite element. Fig. 5 shows the first step in which a spacer element 2, for example a batten made of impregnated squared timber, is applied as a substructure to a building envelope or a wall 9 and thereby forms an outer air layer 8. Fig. 6 shows the next step of applying the insulation and / or reflection element 7 to the substructure made of Fig. 5. The insulation and / or reflection element 7 is preferably equipped with IR-reflecting properties on both sides, so that radiant heat emitted by the composite component is reflected back into the room in order to reduce radiant heat losses via the building envelope or via the wall 9 and to prevent the heating of a room in summer by back-reflection of exogenous radiant energy, such as solar radiation, diffuse radiation, ambient radiation and the like, to the building envelope 9. Fig. 7 shows schematically how a further spacer element 2, for example a batten made of impregnated squared timber, is applied to an insulation and / or reflection element 7, thereby creating an internal air gap 6. Fig. 8 shows the temperature control system 1 according to the invention after installation on the inner wall of a building envelope 9. The composite element 23 is according to Fig. 3 and consists of the heating element 4 directed towards the building envelope 9, a heat carrier 3, which can be, for example, a 10 mm gypsum fiberboard, and a heat accumulator 5. The entire composite is in heat-conducting contact, which is fixed to the spacer element by screwing. The wall areas not covered with the composite element are filled with panels, approximately 10 mm thick gypsum fiber panels 22. The conductive connections 12 are connected to the contact points 11 via plug-in or soldered connections and, for example, to a touch-safe 36 V DC direct current power supply 15 to apply the voltage.The heating function is controlled by a temperature sensor 13 mounted on the back of the composite element and a switching difference (hysteresis) adjustable via a thermostat 14, which activates or deactivates the voltage supply 15 depending on the surface temperature measured by the temperature sensor 13. Fig. 9 shows a contacting system 25 for electrically contacting the temperature control system according to the invention, which is used in particular with heat transfer media 3 that swell or shrink due to moisture-related changes in their material thickness. The conductor track 10 lies at the contact points between a contact disk 17 lying flush on the heat transfer media 3 and a contact disk with teeth 18, which are permanently pressed together in a force-fitting manner by screwing the contacting bolt 16 to the threaded nut 21. The special feature of the contacting system is that the contacting bolt 16 is designed to be slightly floating within the heat transfer media 3 and, due to its construction, forms a continuous force-fitting connection with the contact disk. The contact disk with teeth 18 has at least 5 teeth on the side facing the conductor track 10.The teeth are pressed into the conductor track 10 when the contact bolt 16 is screwed onto the threaded nut 21, thereby minimizing the electrical contact resistance when the voltage from the voltage source 15 is applied. Washers 19 are inserted between the contact disk with teeth 18 and the threaded nut 21, and a cable lug 20 is inserted between them to ensure secure electrical contact. The connection between the cable lug 20 and the conductive connection 12 is made in a conventional manner. Fig. 10 shows a two-dimensional schematic representation of the composite element of the temperature control system according to the invention, in which, for example, three heating elements, realized by an electrically conductive coating, are applied to a heat transfer medium 3. The visual cutting lines 24 allow a defined change in both the electrical connection and the thermal output of the composite element during installation by the specialist. Fig.Figure 11 shows a two-dimensional schematic representation of the composite element of the temperature control system according to the invention with three conductor tracks 10 of a heating element 4, which is formed by an electrically conductive coating applied to a heat transfer medium 3. This allows the width of a heating element 4 to be expanded by adding an additional electrically conductive coating. Furthermore, by varying the application of the electrical voltage of the voltage source 15 to the contact points 11, a specialist can achieve a defined change in both the electrical connection and the thermal output of the composite element during installation.

[0047] The temperature control system according to the invention provides a composite element or component constructed as a composite of a heating element, a heat transfer medium, and a heat accumulator. The entire composite is in thermally conductive contact, with heat being supplied to both the heat accumulator and the heat transfer medium via the heating element during the heating process. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the surface of the composite component bordering the room side is between 20°C and 50°C and is limited to 40°C in the accessible area of a wall and to 30°C in the floor area.

[0048] The heat transfer medium can be based on any thermally conductive but electrically insulating substrate, whereby this should preferably be non-flammable and have a calorific value of less than 3MJ / kg. The dimensions of the heat transfer medium depend primarily on the dimensions of the room to be heated. To avoid space losses and to allow rapid heating rates, the thickness D of the heat transfer medium corresponds to that of material thicknesses commonly used in interior construction, preferably e.g. D = 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm or thicknesses different from this, and its length L and width B allows installation by one or two specialists and corresponds to that of material dimensions commonly used in interior construction, preferably e.g. L = 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm and B = 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm or lengths and widths different from this.

[0049] The heat transfer medium is thermally conductively connected to the heating element. During the heating process, the heating element heats the heat transfer medium, which emits the introduced heat primarily in the form of infrared waves, for example, into a room. Solid bodies in the room, such as living beings or objects, absorb the radiation and release it into the room as heat.

[0050] At least one or more heating elements can be arranged on the heat transfer medium. The heating element can be implemented using a variety of designs, such as fluid-conducting pipes, textiles with integrated electrical heating wires, electrical heating wires, electrically conductive foils, electrically conductive fibers, or electrically conductive meandering or preferably fully applied coatings. The heating element can be applied to the surface facing away from the room or to the surface facing the room, or embedded (integrated) into the heat transfer medium.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, in particular for a composite component for the wall for heating a room, the electrical resistance of the heating element is low-ohmic, so that it can be operated with a touch-safe protective extra-low voltage of 1 V to 25 V AC or 1 V to 60 V DC, preferably 36 V DC.

[0052] The mechanical and thermally conductive connection between the heat transfer medium and the heating element can be created using common methods, such as clamping connections for pipes, gluing, screwing, pressing for textiles with integrated electrical heating wires or electrical heating wires or electrically conductive films or electrically conductive fibers, as well as printing technologies for conductive coatings.

[0053] In the preferred use of electrically conductive coatings as heating elements, at least two parallel current-carrying conductor tracks are provided to apply the electrical energy. The conductor tracks must be applied at least over the entire length of one or more heating elements to ensure that current can flow through the heating element across its entire surface and that no hot spots can form in the upper and / or lower edge areas of the heating element.

[0054] To maximize thermal radiation performance, according to Stefan Boltzmann's radiation law, the surface area of the heating element is represented as fully as possible in relation to the lateral dimensions of the composite component. In a preferred embodiment, an electrically conductive coating, such as a carbon coating, is used to design the heating element. The surface area of the heating element can be, for example, 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and even more preferably at least 90%.

[0055] The conductor tracks can be made of various electrically conductive materials such as copper, silver, or other alloys and can be applied using conventional processes such as printing, spraying, doctoring, pressing, or gluing, both beneath the conductive coating on the heat transfer medium and on top of the conductive coating. The dimensions and material selection of the conductor tracks take into account the applied voltage and electrical power. The conductor tracks must have the required current-carrying capacity to ensure reliable application of voltage to one or more heating elements connected to the conductor tracks.

[0056] The width of the conductor tracks must be selected so that the internal dimension between the conductor tracks is greater than zero. For installation purposes, a distance of at least 1 cm on all sides must be provided from the outer edges of the conductor tracks to the edges of the heat transfer medium.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment with a conductive coating, to apply voltage to the heating element, a self-adhesive copper strip with a width of 10 to 40 mm is applied parallel to each other as a conductor track to a two-dimensional heat transfer medium commonly used in interior construction, such as a 10 mm thick gypsum fiberboard. The electrically conductive coating is applied to the heat transfer medium using known printing methods, e.g., flatbed screen printing, spraying, or doctor blade coating, whereby it at least covers the width of the copper tracks. The thickness (D) of the copper strip in this embodiment is preferably 50-100 µm.

[0058] In a further development, a conductive coating (e.g. carbon-based, with 75% heating surface and an electrical resistance R = 20 Ohm) is connected to a voltage of 36 volts direct current by means of the contact points of a conductor track (e.g. with a width B = 25 mm and a thickness D = 0.05 mm) on the side of a heat transfer medium facing away from the room (e.g. a gypsum fiber board with a length L = 1000 mm, width B = 750 mm and thickness D = 10 mm and an emissivity ε of 0.92), whereby according to Stefan Bolzmann's radiation law, at a room-side surface temperature of 40°C, a heat radiation power Q W of approx. 300W / m 2 is realized, while the electrical connected load P is only approx. 117W / m 2 This also shows the great advantage of surface heating systems over alternative heating systems.

[0059] In one embodiment, the subject composite component comprises more than one (such as at least 2 to 20, or more) heating element on a heat carrier, with individual heating elements preferably being identified by, for example, visual marking lines on the front of the heat carrier. The marking lines serve as an aid for reducing the size of the composite component, which has the particular advantage that, if the composite component is reduced in size during installation, a qualified installer can accurately calculate the electrical connection load, the heating output, and the thermal radiation output based on the number of remaining heating elements.

[0060] The contacting of the conductor tracks with the voltage source can be carried out using, for example, electrical cables, whereby a permanently secure conductive connection between the electrical cable and the conductor track as well as a secure mechanical connection (e.g. by clamping connection, plug connection, adhesive connection) between the electrical conductor, the conductor track and the heat transfer medium must be ensured by a known method (e.g. plug connection, solder connection, etc.).

[0061] In one embodiment, an electrical line can be electrically contacted with the conductor track via a soldered connection, the soldering point can be electrically insulated, for example with a potting compound, and the electrical line can be mechanically connected to the heat transfer medium via strain relief clamps, which prevents, for example, the conductor track from being torn off due to negligent handling of the electrical line.

[0062] In a further embodiment, e.g. with an electrically conductive coating, a self-adhesive copper strip can be applied as a conductor track to a two-dimensional heat transfer medium commonly used in interior design, such as a 10 mm thick gypsum fiberboard, in order to apply the voltage to the heating element. At the respective contact points of the conductor tracks, the heat transfer medium has a through-hole, which was created, for example, by a bore. In the center of the hole between the conductor track and heat transfer medium, a perforated contact disc is inserted flush with the heat transfer medium, the dimensions of which correspond at least to the width of the conductor track. A connecting element, e.g. a threaded contact bolt, is inserted through the hole into the heat transfer medium from the side of the heat transfer medium facing away from the applied heating element.It is particularly important that the contact pin exerts unobstructed contact pressure on the contact disc and, on the insertion side, is preferably flush with the heat transfer medium. On the side facing the heating element, the contact pins are preferably inserted in the following order. (1) another perforated contacting disc, which has a toothing for a better electrical connection with the conductor track and whose dimensions correspond at least to the width of the conductor track, (2) if necessary, a washer for secure mechanical fixing and electrical contact, and (3) a cable lug for secure electrical contact with the conductive connection and the power supply, and (4) if necessary, a washer for secure mechanical fixing and electrical contact set up and (5) the composite is pressed together for secure mechanical fixing and electrical contact, e.g. by means of a screw nut.

[0063] The advantage of this connecting element is that even if the material thickness of the heat transfer medium, such as a gypsum fibreboard, changes due to moisture (through swelling or shrinkage), a constant mechanical and electrical force connection between the conductive connection and the conductor track is ensured.

[0064] The heat storage device can be constructed from any thermally conductive but electrically insulating substrate, which is preferably non-combustible and has a calorific value of less than 3MJ / kg. The heat storage device is applied to the inner side of the heat transfer medium in a thermally conductive bond by known methods, such as gluing, screwing, pressing, clamping, or riveting. It is irrelevant whether the heating element is thermally conductively bonded to the inner or outer side of the heat transfer medium, integrated into it, or a combination thereof.

[0065] The dimensions of the heat storage unit depend primarily on the dimensions of the heat transfer medium and its thickness D on the installation depth of the spacer.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, in order to avoid space losses, the maximum thickness D of the heat transfer medium corresponds to the construction depths commonly used in interior construction, in particular the battening of drywall panels, e.g. D = 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm or deviations thereof.

[0067] The heat accumulator is mounted horizontally and vertically centrally above a heating element in plan view and preferably extends beyond the entire surface. The minimum coverage corresponds to at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and even more preferably at least 90%, of a partial surface of the heating element. For installation purposes, a distance of at least 1 cm on all sides must be provided from the outer edges of the heat accumulator to the edge areas of the heat transfer medium.

[0068] The specific heat capacity of the heat storage device is preferably higher than that of the heat transfer medium. A suitable heat capacity can be, for example, at least 1,000 J / kgK, preferably at least 2,000 J / kgK, preferably at least 3,000 J / kgK, preferably at least 4,000 J / kgK, and even more preferably above 4,000 J / kgK.

[0069] In an embodiment with a calorific value of the heat storage device of more than 3MJ / kg, for example, where the heat storage device would be in direct thermally conductive contact with the heating element, a fire barrier must be used between the heating element and the heat storage device, the area of which corresponds at least to the area of the heat storage device. The fire barrier can consist of any thermally conductive but non-combustible material, such as glass fiber mats, thermal filler, or other coatings. Depending on the design, the fire barrier can be applied to the heating element or the heat storage device in a manner known per se, or it can be placed between the heating element and the heat storage device. The thickness (D) of the fire barrier is kept to a minimum, for example at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, and even more preferably less than 1 mm.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the specific weight of the individual components of the composite component, which is constructed as a composite of a heating element, a heat transfer medium and a heat accumulator, wherein the composite is in heat-conducting contact, allows the manual installation of the composite component by one or two specialists.

[0071] In one design variant, the heat storage device is formed by a latent heat storage device, also known as a phase change material (PCM). Well-known PCM storage materials include paraffins and salt hydrates. During the heating process of the heating element, the heat storage device, which is in heat-conducting contact with the heating element and the heat transfer medium, undergoes a phase change at, for example, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, or 30°C, whereby it changes its state of aggregation and stores the thermal energy emanating from the heating element and heat transfer medium as latent heat. After the heating element is switched off by means of the switching differential or for other reasons, the combination of a heating element, a heat transfer medium, and a heat storage device, with the entire combination being in heat-conducting contact, enters the cooling phase.During the cooling phase of the composite, the PCM storage undergoes a phase change at, for example, 45°C, 44°C, 43°C, 42°C, 41°C, 40°C, 39°C, 38°C, 37°C, 36°C, or 35°C, returning to its original state and significantly delaying the cooling phase of the composite. The particular advantage of the inventive composite component with PCM-based heat storage lies in its high heat storage capacity and associated heating efficiency.

[0072] The particular advantage of the heating element combined with a heat transfer medium and a heat storage device, with the entire assembly in thermally conductive contact, is a significant extension of the switching cycles within the set hysteresis. This is because the cooling time of the composite component is significantly delayed when the heating element is inactive, reducing net operation and thus the energy requirement for heating, for example, a room in a building. Measurement series have shown savings of over 30% compared to conventional heating systems.

[0073] It should also be emphasized that by using the heating element in combination with a heat transfer medium and a heat storage device, whereby the composite is in heat-conducting contact, the composite component has a higher surface temperature compared to conventional heating systems with the same connected load and thus, according to Stefan Boltzmann's radiation law, a significantly higher heat radiation output Q W is achieved and as a result requires less energy to heat a room, such as the space of a building.

[0074] A further advantage of the inventive solution is that the temperature control system supports the summer heat protection of, for example, a room, especially when the composite component is attached to an exterior wall, sloping roof, or ceiling of a building envelope via spacer elements on the inside of a room. The heat storage directed towards the building envelope ensures - for a phase shift, i.e. a time shift in which the maximum daily temperature moves through the building envelope and the temperature control system from the outside to the inside and - buffering the heat energy from outside, which is then transferred to the interior only in reduced amounts (amplitude damping). An optimal phase shift is in the range of 10-12 hours, since the heat that arrives indoors in the evening hours can be ventilated with the coolness of the evening.

[0075] In one embodiment, additional components can be part of the temperature control system according to the invention. For example, thermal gap fillers in a composite element can ensure maximum tolerance and maximum gap compensation, thus minimizing thermal coupling losses between the individual components and, as a result, reducing energy losses.

[0076] The insulation and / or reflection element is preferably mounted without contact between, for example, a building envelope and the composite component. To ensure heat radiation-reflecting properties as an insulation and / or reflection element, a permanent emissivity ε of at least less than 0.5, preferably at least less than 0.1, and even more preferably at least less than 0.05 is advantageous.

[0077] To - to reflect radiant heat emitted by the composite component back into a room and thus reduce radiant heat losses through the building envelope and - In order to avoid heating up of a room in summer due to the reflection of exogenous radiant energy, such as solar radiation, diffuse radiation, ambient radiation and the like, back to the building envelope, the insulation and / or reflection element is designed to be reflective on both sides and is attached via spacer elements, preferably without contact with adjacent inner and outer air layers, between the building envelope and the composite component.

[0078] In a simple embodiment, the insulation and / or reflection element consists of a high-gloss metal foil, for example, made of aluminum, which preferably has an electrical insulation layer and is protected against tarnishing, for example, with a polyester layer to counteract fading of the insulation and / or reflection element over time and thus a deterioration in thermal radiation reflection. The thickness D of such an insulation and / or reflection element is, for example, D = 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the insulation and / or reflection element is a composite film having at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, preferably at least five, even more preferably at least five IR-reflecting layers and at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three, preferably at least four, preferably at least five, even more preferably at least five air cushion layers. The use of such an insulation and / or reflection element makes it possible, in addition to the aforementioned IR reflection properties, to increase the thermal resistance, e.g. of a building, and thus to reduce the energy required for temperature control, e.g. of a room.The thickness D of an insulation and / or reflection element with IR reflection properties and thermal insulation properties is at least 5 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, preferably at least 20 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, preferably at least 100 mm, even more preferably over 100 mm.

[0080] In one embodiment of the inventive solution, the insulation and / or reflection element is applied in conjunction with the composite element on the side of the heat accumulator facing the building envelope or the wall. In this embodiment, to maintain the IR reflection properties, the insulation and / or reflection element and the heat accumulator are not fully bonded, but are separated, for example, by an open honeycomb core, with the insulation and / or reflection element being applied as the covering skin of the honeycomb core on the side of the honeycomb core facing away from the heat accumulator. The honeycomb core thus serves, on the one hand, as a spacer element between the heat accumulator and the insulation and / or reflection element. On the other hand, the honeycomb core forms the inner air layer or the inner air gap between the heat accumulator and the insulation and / or reflection element.

[0081] The honeycomb core can be manufactured in conventional ways, for example, from cardboard, resin-impregnated paper, fiberglass, or thin aluminum foil, and has a thickness D of, for example, D = 5 mm, D = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, or D = 20 mm. The insulation and / or reflective element is bonded to the composite element in a conventional way, e.g., by gluing, clamping, or screwing. The advantage of this design is the simplified and reduced installation time of the temperature control system.

[0082] The honeycomb core can have any open lattice or honeycomb structure, whereby it must only be ensured that the honeycomb core allows the formation of the inner air layer or the inner air gap.

[0083] When installed, for example, on the inside of an exterior wall of a building, the insulation and / or reflective element can be designed as a diffusion-tight insulation and / or reflective element to prevent moisture from the warm interior air from diffusing into the building envelope and thus preventing damage to underlying components, particularly thermal insulation composite systems, due to condensation. The film is installed on the spacer element in a manner familiar from vapor barrier or vapor retarder films, e.g., by stapling, gluing, or screwing.

[0084] According to the invention, the spacer element is designed such that in a preferred embodiment - ensures a contact-free distance of the insulation and / or reflection element between the composite component and the building envelope, - forms an inner and outer layer of resting air on the adjacent sides of the insulation and / or reflection element, and - supports secure mechanical fastening of the composite component on the room side of the building envelope.

[0085] In one embodiment of the invention, for example when used to control the temperature of a room in a building, the spacer element can be made of materials that are known from substructures for drywall construction, for example wooden profiles, as in wooden studwork, or metallic U- or C-profiles, as in metal studwork, wherein the profiles have, for example, a width B of B = 30-50 mm and a thickness D of D = 20-40 mm.

[0086] In one embodiment of the invention, - in a first step, a substructure made of impregnated squared timbers with a width of 50 mm and a depth of 20 mm is attached to the wall or ceiling and floor, - in a second step, the reflection element or reflection-insulation element is applied to the substructure, and - in a third step, to space the composite component, a fastening frame made of impregnated squared timber with, for example, B = 50 mm and D = 20 mm is applied to the insulation and / or reflection element and connected to the substructure.

[0087] The spacer element can be attached using conventional methods, e.g., rivets, screws, staples, or nails. If an insulation and / or reflective element also serves as a vapor barrier or vapor retarder, the corresponding steps must be followed.

[0088] When using the temperature control system according to the invention on a wall or ceiling facing the building envelope, a particular advantage of the spacer element is the resulting double layer of air between the building envelope and the composite component, since due to the average thermal resistance of R = 0.17 (m 2 K) / W for still air layers between building material surfaces, heat transfer from the building envelope to the interior of the room and from the interior of the room to the building envelope is effectively reduced and the requirements and thus costs for thermal insulation measures for the building are reduced. Reference symbol 1 temperature control system 2 spacer element 3 heat transfer media 4 heating element 5 heat storage 6 Inner air gap or inner air layer 7 Reflection element or reflection-insulation element 8 Outer air gap or outer air layer 9 Building envelope or wall 10 conductor track 11 Contact point 12 Conductive connection 13 Thermal sensor 14 Control or thermostat 15 DC power supply 16 contact bolts 17 Contact disc 18 Contact disc with teeth 19 Washer 20 cable lugs 21 Threaded nut 22 blind panels 23 Composite component 24 Cutting line 25 Contact system 26 honeycomb core

Claims

[1] Temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a room, comprising - a heating element (4) with a surface facing the room and a surface facing away from the room, - an insulating and / or reflective element (7) arranged at a distance from the heating element (4) and on the surface of the heating element (4) facing away from the room, so that an inner air gap (6) is formed between the insulating and / or reflective element (7) and the heating element (4), wherein the insulating and / or reflective element (7) is designed to be thermally insulating and to reflect IR rays, wherein a second spacer element is arranged between the insulating and / or reflective element (7) and the heating element (4), wherein the second spacer element has an open grid-like or honeycomb-like structure, so that the inner air gap (6) is formed within the open grid-like or honeycomb structure, and - a first spacer element (2) arranged on the surface of the insulation and / or reflection element (7) facing away from the room in order to form an outer air gap (8) between the insulation and / or reflection element (7) and a wall (9) of the room. [2] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the insulation and / or reflection element (7) is designed to be flat and to reflect IR rays on both sides. [3] Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a heat accumulator (5) is arranged on the surface of the heating element (4) facing away from the room. [4] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the heat accumulator (5) is arranged between the heating element (4) and the insulation and / or reflection element (7) and at a distance from the insulation and / or reflection element (7). [5] Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a heat carrier (3) is arranged on the surface of the heating element (4) facing the room. [6] Temperature control system according to claim 5 and according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the heat carrier (3), the heating element (4) and the heat accumulator (5) are in heat-conducting contact. [7] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, or according to claim 5 and according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the heat carrier (3), the heating element (4) and the heat accumulator (5) are designed together as a composite element. [8] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the insulation and / or reflection element (7) and the second spacer element are part of the composite element. [9] Temperature control system according to one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the second spacer element forms an air gap between the insulation and / or reflection element (7) and the heat accumulator (5). [10] Temperature control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating element (4) - a conductive coating that can be exposed to electrical energy, - a heating wire, - a water pipe that can be supplied with hot water, - and combination thereof. [11] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the heating wire is a meandering heating wire. [12] Temperature control system according to claim 10, wherein the water pipe is a meandering water pipe. [13] Temperature control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the insulation and / or reflection element (7) - a high-gloss metal foil, or - a composite film which has at least one IR-reflecting layer and at least one layer configured as an air cushion. [14] Tempering system according to the preceding claim, wherein the metal foil is an aluminum foil.

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