Device for at least partially drying a printing material

Abstract

Device for at least partially drying a printing material (02), comprising at least one dryer (351) with at least one energy emission device (352) having at least one effect area, wherein the at least one effect area is at least partially encompassed by at least one waveguide (362) and wherein the at least one waveguide (362) is configured with at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at least one outlet opening (375) and wherein the at least one energy emission device (352) comprises at least one radiation source (353) and wherein at least one amplification device (379) with at least one first effective surface (380) is attached to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362), characterized in thatthat the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to increase the efficiency of the drying process and that the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to project inwards into the at least one waveguide (362) by at least 5% of the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for at least partially drying a printing material according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Various printing processes are used in printing presses, such as rotary printing, offset printing, planographic printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, gravure printing, and non-impact printing. Non-impact printing (NIP) refers to printing processes that do not require a fixed, i.e., physically unalterable, printing form. Such printing processes can produce different printed images in each printing pass. Examples of non-impact printing processes include ionographic, magnetographic, and thermographic processes, and especially inkjet printing. These printing processes typically have at least one image-generating device, such as a printhead.In the case of inkjet printing, such a printhead is designed, for example, as an inkjet printhead and has at least one, and preferably several, nozzles by means of which at least one printing fluid, for example in the form of ink droplets, can be selectively transferred onto a substrate. The substrate should maintain a distance from the image-generating device that is as constant as possible, firstly to coordinate the image generation in time and secondly to prevent damage to the image-generating device.

[0003] The substrate, coated with a printing fluid, is typically dried in a subsequent process step. Various devices are known to facilitate this drying process. For example, an energy delivery device is used to remove solvents and / or initiate crosslinking reactions. Common drying methods include hot air drying and drying with infrared radiation. A disadvantage of infrared radiation, for instance, lies in the varying absorption of infrared radiation by different inks. This can lead to uneven drying. Furthermore, the effect of most drying methods cannot be stopped immediately, which can result in overheating.

[0004] In inkjet printing, individual droplets of printing fluid are ejected from printhead nozzles and transferred to a substrate to create a printed image. By individually controlling multiple nozzles, a variety of different images can be created. There is no fixed printing plate, allowing for the individual design of each printed product. This enables the production of personalized printed materials and / or, due to the elimination of printing plates, the production of small print runs at low cost.

[0005] The exact alignment of a printed image on the front and back of a double-sided printed substrate is called register (DIN 16500-2). In multicolor printing, the term registration (DIN 16500-2) refers to the precise alignment of individual printed images of different colors to form a single image. Appropriate measures must also be taken in inkjet printing to ensure registration and / or alignment.

[0006] The ability to individually define print images may result in non-recurring amounts of solvent applied to the substrate that need to be removed during drying, and / or non-recurring patterns of printing fluid that need to be cross-linked.

[0007] As an alternative drying method, the printing fluid can be dried by dielectric heating, for example, using microwave radiation. The increased kinetic energy of the molecules generates heat, which causes the water and / or other solvents to evaporate. This selective drying method only dries the areas where solvent is present. The substrate and / or other printing material are protected. Furthermore, energy can be saved because only the application areas containing dipoles are heated.

[0008] DE 10 2015 204 980 A1 discloses a printing press with at least one dryer, wherein the at least one dryer has at least one first gas outlet nozzle with a gas discharge device and the gas outlet nozzles are arranged offset from each other and can be operated separately from each other.

[0009] DE 44 33 904 A1 discloses a device for heating a printed web using microwaves. The device comprises a chamber with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for guiding a web through the chamber. The microwave source is insulated from reflected microwaves in the interior of the chamber by means of two porous carbon fabric plates. A narrow slot with outwardly projecting metal sheets prevents air, solvent, and microwave energy from escaping the chamber.

[0010] EP 17 38 916 A1 discloses a device for drying a printing material, wherein the substrate is exposed to microwaves between each printing step and the drying process is enhanced by a flow in this area. The stationary microwaves are generated by a microwave source, preferably a magnetron, with a power output between 6 kW and 25 kW and by a resonator.

[0011] The invention is based on the objective of creating at least one dryer for at least partially drying the printing material.

[0012] The problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0013] The advantages achievable with the invention lie particularly in the fact that the efficiency of the drying process is increased by the arrangement of an amplification device projecting into the interior of a waveguide. Additionally, the efficiency can be further improved by using a shield for the at least one dryer. Areas of the substrate and / or the printed image that require particularly intensive drying, for example, particularly wet areas, are dried at least to such an extent that a relatively low but uniform drying power is then sufficient, applied across the entire width of the substrate.

[0014] A further advantage of the invention is that by tilting the at least one waveguide, the energy input can be improved by changing the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave into the substrate and / or the printing material with the printing fluid.

[0015] Another advantage is that, by tilting at least one waveguide, several dryers can be arranged offset next to each other across the working width of the printing press, and it is possible to switch off parts of the dryer.

[0016] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0017] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a printing press; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a nozzle bar; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a dryer; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of an energy output device; Fig. 5 A schematic side view in section of a waveguide with the amplification device Fig. 6 a schematic side view in section of alternative embodiments of the waveguide in an oval cross-section a) and a circular cross-section b); Fig. 7 a schematic side view of the at least one waveguide with a shielding housing; Fig. 8 Schematic view of several inclined waveguides side by side; Fig. 9. Schematic top view of several energy output devices side by side.

[0018] In the preceding and following, a printing fluid or ink refers to inks, printing colors, and / or varnishes, as well as other materials, that are transferred and / or transferable to a substrate 02 by a printing machine 01 or at least a printing unit 200 of the printing machine 01. The printing fluid preferably forms a finely structured texture on the substrate 02, and / or not merely a large-area texture that is preferably visible and / or perceptible to the senses and / or detectable by machine. In particular, a printing fluid located, for example, in a volume of the printhead, especially the inkjet printhead, particularly in the form of droplets, can exit the volume of the printhead through a nozzle.

[0019] Here, "printing machine 01" refers to a machine that applies or is capable of applying at least one printing fluid to a substrate 02. The printing machine 01 comprises, for example, at least one substrate source 100, at least one first printing unit 200, preferably at least one first pre-dryer 351 or first main dryer 351, for example at least one first post-dryer 301, for example at least one second printing unit 400, for example at least one second pre-dryer 351 or second main dryer 351, and for example at least one second post-dryer 331, and for example at least one post-processing device 500. The printing machine 01 can be designed as an inkjet printing machine 01, operating entirely or possibly alongside other non-impact and / or printing form-based processes, in particular as an inkjet printing machine 01.

[0020] The at least one first printing unit 200 is preferably configured as an inkjet printing unit 200. The printing machine 01 is therefore preferably configured as an inkjet printing machine 01. The invention is described below using an inkjet printing machine 01 as an example. However, the invention can also be used for other non-impact printing processes or completely different printing processes, such as rotary printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, or gravure printing, provided that no contradictions arise. Preferably, the printing machine 01 is configured as a roll-to-roll printing machine 01, and more preferably as a roll-to-roll inkjet printing machine 01. The printing machine 01 is, for example, configured as a rotary printing machine 01, for example as a roll-to-roll rotary printing machine, and in particular as a roll-to-roll inkjet printing machine 01.In the case of a roll-to-roll printing press 01, the substrate source 100 is configured, for example, as a roll unwinding device 100, in particular as a roll changer 100. If the printing press 01 is configured as a sheet-fed printing press 01 or sheet-fed rotary printing press, the substrate source 100 is configured, for example, as a sheet feeder. Preferably, at least one substrate 02 is aligned in the substrate source 100, preferably with respect to at least one edge of this substrate 02. The substrate 02 is, for example, at least one web-shaped substrate 02, i.e., a web 02, such as a paper web 02, a textile web 02, or a film 02, such as a plastic film 02 or a metal film 02.

[0021] An axial direction A or transverse direction A is preferably a direction A that extends parallel to an axis of rotation 102 of a substrate roll 101 and / or to an axis of rotation 202; 404 of at least one of a central printing cylinder 201; 401 and / or to an axis of rotation of a general rotatable guide element 201; 401 for substrate 02, particularly one arranged in the first printing unit 200. The transverse direction A is further preferably a direction that runs parallel to one of the longest sides of the nozzle bar 206; 403. The transverse direction A is preferably oriented orthogonally to at least one and preferably to each transport direction T. In the case of a curved transport path, the transport direction T is preferably the direction that runs tangentially to the respective reference point nearest the section and / or point of the intended transport path.This respective reference point is preferably located at the point and / or component that is related to the transport direction T. A transport direction T is preferably the transport direction T that extends parallel in the direction of the width and / or the shortest side of the nozzle bar 206; 403. A transport path of the at least one substrate 02, and in particular the substrate web 02, runs from the at least one substrate source 100 preferably through the at least one first printing unit 200, where the substrate 02, and in particular the substrate web 02, is preferably provided with at least one printed image 03 on one side and preferably, in conjunction with the at least one second printing unit 400, preferably on both sides, by means of at least one coating agent or printing fluid, in particular at least one ink and / or printing ink.

[0022] After passing through at least one first printing unit 200, the substrate 02, and in particular the web 02, travels through, for example, at least one first post-dryer 301 to dry the applied printing fluid. Preferably, the at least one first post-dryer 301 is part of a drying unit 300. The at least one post-processing device 500 is configured, for example, as at least one folding device 500 and / or as a rewinding device 500 and / or as at least one sheet cutter 500 and / or as at least one flat delivery unit 500. In the at least one folding device 500, the substrate 02, preferably printed on both sides, is further processed into individual printed products.

[0023] A web-fed printing press 01 is described in more detail below. However, corresponding details can be applied equally to other printing presses 01, for example sheet-fed printing presses, provided they do not contradict it. The substrate 02 preferably has a width, i.e., an extension in the axial direction A, of 700 mm to 2,000 mm, but can also have an arbitrarily smaller or, preferably, larger width.

[0024] The working width of the printing machine 01 is a dimension that preferably extends orthogonally to the intended transport path of the substrate 02 through the at least one first printing unit 200, and more preferably in the axial direction A or transverse direction A. The working width of the printing machine 01 preferably corresponds to a maximum width that a substrate 02 may have in order to still be processed by the printing machine 01, i.e., a maximum substrate width that can be processed by the printing machine 01.

[0025] The first printing unit 200 is preferably located downstream of the roll unwinding device 100 with respect to the transport path of the substrate 02. The first printing unit 200 has, for example, at least one guide element 201, in particular a first central printing cylinder 201, or simply central cylinder 201. When a central cylinder 201 is mentioned below, it always refers to a central printing cylinder 201. In a printing operation, the substrate web 02 preferably wraps around the first central cylinder 201, at least partially. The wrap angle is preferably at least 180° and more preferably at least 270°. The wrap angle is the angle measured circumferentially along a cylindrical surface of the first central cylinder 201, along which the substrate 02, and in particular the substrate web 02, is in contact with the first central cylinder 201.

[0026] A printing unit 200 is understood to be a device by means of which a web- or sheet-shaped substrate 02 is or can be provided with at least one printing fluid on at least one of its sides. The at least one first printing unit 200 of the printing machine 01 preferably has at least one printing point 207. A printing point 207 is understood to be a preferably complete area in which contact between a respective identical printing fluid and a substrate 02 is established or can be established. The term printing point 207 is also to be used when the printing fluid is applied to the substrate 02 without pressure between the substrate 02 on the one hand and a component transferring the printing fluid on the other, for example by the impact of freely moving printing fluid on the substrate 02, such as flying droplets of the printing fluid.Preferably, a print point 207 comprises all areas intended for the contact of a specific printing fluid, in particular one assigned to this print point 207, with the substrate 02. In the case of a printing unit 200 operating according to the inkjet printing process, for example, a print point 207 comprises all areas intended for the contact of a printing fluid with a first side of the substrate 02.

[0027] The at least one first pressure unit 200 preferably has several pressure points 207, each of which is assigned a respective pressure fluid, for example at least three pressure points 207, preferably four pressure points 207, more preferably at least five pressure points 207, more preferably at least six pressure points 207 and even more preferably at least seven pressure points 207.

[0028] Each printing point 207 preferably has at least one application point 203. Each application point 203 is preferably assigned to at least one imaging device 204, in particular at least one printhead 204, and more preferably at least one row of printheads 208. Each application point 203 preferably extends in the transverse direction A, and more preferably over the entire working width of the printing machine 01. In the case of an inkjet printing machine 01, the at least one imaging device 204 is preferably configured as at least one printhead 204, in particular an inkjet printhead 204. Imaging devices 204, such as printheads 204, typically have limited dimensions, particularly in the transverse direction A. This results in a limited area of ​​the substrate 02 onto which printing fluid can be applied by a respective printhead 204.Therefore, several imaging devices 204 or printheads 204 are usually arranged one behind the other in the transverse direction A. Such printheads 204 arranged one behind the other with respect to the transverse direction A are referred to as a printhead array 208. Interrupted printhead arrays 208 and continuous printhead arrays 208 are described below. In the special case of a printhead 204 extending over the entire working width, this shall also be considered a printhead array 208, in particular a continuous printhead array 208.

[0029] Typically, such individual printheads 204 are not equipped with nozzles extending to the edge of their housing. Therefore, preferably at least two, and more preferably exactly two, printhead rows 208 extending in the transverse direction A are arranged offset from one another along the transport path provided for the substrate 02. Such printhead rows 208 are, for example, interrupted printhead rows 208. Two such, in particular interrupted, printhead rows 208 together form a double row of printheads 204. By appropriately offsetting the printheads 204 of the two interrupted printhead rows 208, the entire working width of the printing press 01 and / or of the at least one first printing unit 200 is preferably accessible to the nozzles of the printheads 204.Preferably, several printhead rows 208, more preferably at least four double rows and even more preferably at least eight double rows of printheads 204 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the transverse direction A, in particular in the transport direction T along the intended transport path of the printing material 02 and / or in the circumferential direction with respect to the at least one central cylinder 201.

[0030] Each nozzle is preferably assigned a uniquely defined target area relative to direction A of the width of the substrate web 02, and preferably relative to the transverse direction A, and preferably relative to direction A, in particular the axis of rotation 202 of the at least one first central cylinder 01. Preferably, each target area of ​​a nozzle is uniquely defined, at least during printing. Preferably, each target area of ​​a nozzle is uniquely defined, in particular relative to the circumferential direction of the at least one first central cylinder 01, at least during printing. In particular, a target area of ​​a nozzle is that, in particular, substantially straight spatial region that extends from the nozzle in an ejection direction. An impact area is preferably an area intended for contact between printing fluid and the substrate 02, in particular for droplets of printing fluid with the substrate 02.Each nozzle of each printhead 204 is preferably assigned an impact area, particularly in a direct inkjet printing process. An impact area of ​​a printhead 204 is preferably the sum of all impact areas of nozzles of this printhead 204. An application point 203 is preferably the sum of impact areas of printheads 204, particularly those functionally grouped together, which together span the entire working width of the printing press 01. In the case of pairs of interrupted printhead rows 208 configured as double rows, an application point 203 is preferably the sum of impact areas of the printheads 204 that together form the double row.

[0031] A printing unit 200 may, for example, comprise only one printing point 207, for instance, for the color black. Preferably, however, at least one printing unit 200 has several printing points 207, as described. The printing points 207 may be directly adjacent to one another or spaced apart, for example, separated by color. The term "printing point 207" also includes a section that—for example, without interruption by another color—has several consecutive application points 203 of the same color. In the case of only one printing point 207, this simultaneously represents the first and the last printing point 207 of the printing unit 200 in question. For example, in the case of an indirect inkjet printing process, a printing point 207 is a contact area between a transfer body and the substrate 02.

[0032] Preferably, the at least one first printing unit 200 has at least one printhead 204, which is further preferably configured as at least one inkjet printhead 204. Each printhead 204 preferably has a plurality of nozzles from which droplets of printing fluid, in particular ink droplets, are ejected and / or can be ejected. Preferably, the at least one first printing unit 200 has at least one nozzle bar 206. A nozzle bar 206 is a component that preferably extends over at least 80% and further preferably at least 100% of the working width of the printing machine 01 and / or preferably serves as a support for the at least one printhead 204. For example, one or preferably several nozzle bars 206 are arranged per printing unit 200. Further preferably, the at least one printing unit 200 has at least three nozzle bars 206, and even more preferably at least four nozzle bars 206.The at least one first nozzle bar 206 preferably extends orthogonally to the intended transport path of the substrate 02 over the entire working width of the printing machine 01, in particular in the transverse direction A.

[0033] Preferably, the at least one nozzle bar 206 has at least one printhead 204, and more preferably several printheads 204. In the case where the at least one nozzle bar 206 has only one printhead 204, this printhead 204 preferably extends over the entire working width of the printing machine 01. In the case where the at least one nozzle bar 206 has several printheads 204, these printheads 204 are preferably configured as at least one printhead row 208, or more preferably as at least one double row of printheads 204, and the at least one printhead row 208 or double row of printheads 204 preferably extends over the entire working width of the printing machine 01. In the case of a double row of printheads 204, the at least one row of nozzles of the respective nozzle bar 206 is preferably divided into at least two interrupted printhead rows 208.The at least one nozzle bar 206 preferably has at least one series of nozzles. Viewed in the axial direction A, the at least one series of nozzles preferably has nozzle openings at, for example, regular intervals across the entire working width of the printing press 01 and / or the width of the cylinder of the at least one first central cylinder 201.

[0034] Preferably, the at least one nozzle bar 206 has several rows of nozzles in the conveying direction of a substrate guide and / or in the circumferential direction with respect to the at least one first central cylinder 201. Preferably, each printhead 204 has a plurality of nozzles, which are further preferably arranged in a matrix of several rows in the transverse direction A and / or several columns, preferably in the conveying direction of the substrate guide and / or in the circumferential direction of the at least one first central cylinder 201, wherein such columns are, for example, arranged obliquely to the conveying direction of the substrate guide and / or the circumferential direction, for example to increase the resolution of a printed image 03.

[0035] The printhead 204, at least one of which, preferably uses a drop-on-demand method to generate ink droplets, produces them selectively as needed. Preferably, at least one heating element is used per nozzle to vaporize printing fluid within a reservoir. Alternatively, at least one piezoelectric element is used per nozzle, which, when a voltage is applied, can rapidly reduce the volume of ink-filled space by a specific proportion.

[0036] A conveying section, in particular a conveying section for substrate 02, preferably comprises those devices that define a transport path for the substrate 02, for example, rollers, cylinders, guide elements, and the like. A conveying section of the at least one first printing unit 200, which extends from a first printing point 207 of the at least one first printing unit 200 along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 to a last printing point 207 of the at least one first printing unit 200 along the transport path provided for the substrate 02, is referred to as the printing section of the at least one first printing unit 200. The intended transport path is the area of ​​space that the substrate 02 would potentially occupy if it were present, particularly in a regular printing operation.The conveying section of the at least one first printing unit 200 preferably comprises those devices that define the transport path through the at least one first printing unit 200, in particular both the intended transport path regardless of the presence of the substrate 02 and the actual transport path when the substrate 02 is present. The part of the intended transport path of the substrate 02 defined by the printing section is referred to as the printing section of the intended transport path.

[0037] Preferably, the at least one pressure unit 200 has one or more support points along the pressure section of the transport path intended for the substrate 02. Support points are preferably characterized by the fact that the intended transport path is influenced, for example, changed, with respect to its transport direction T at these support points. These support points are defined, for example, by respective guide elements. In the case of a central cylinder 201, the at least one pressure unit 200, for example, has only the central cylinder 201 as a guide element 201 defining a support point. Guide elements 201 and / or the central cylinder 201 are preferably part of the substrate guide. Guide elements are preferably devices that limit and redirect the transport path intended for the substrate 02 and, in particular, preferably are at least partially in contact with the substrate 02 when the substrate 02 is present.

[0038] Preferably, the printing machine 01 comprises, in addition to the at least one first printing unit 200, at least one first dryer 351, wherein the axial direction A is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation 202 of at least one guide element 201 for the substrate 02 within the at least one first printing unit 200. The at least one guide element 201 is, for example, at least one roller and / or at least one rod and / or at least one cylinder. In the case of a first printing unit 200 operating according to the offset printing process, such a cylinder could be, for example, a forming cylinder. Preferably, the at least one guide element 201 is the at least one central cylinder 201. The axial direction A is, for example, parallel to an axis of rotation of at least one central cylinder 201.

[0039] Preferably, the at least one first dryer 351 has at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten, and even more preferably at least fifteen energy emission devices 352, each of which has at least one radiation source 353. For example, each energy emission device 352 has exactly one radiation source 353. In another embodiment, each energy emission device 352 has at least two or more radiation sources 353. Preferably, the at least three energy emission devices 352 have respective effect zones that are at least partially offset from one another in the axial direction A. The effect zone is defined in the preceding and following descriptions as the area of ​​the at least one energy emission device 352 in which at least partial drying takes place. Preferably, the at least one waveguide 362 encompasses the respective effect zone.The at least one energy output device 352 preferably extends over the entire working width of the printing press 01. Several energy output devices 352 are arranged offset in the working width and the transverse direction A such that the individual areas of influence of the respective energy output devices 352 together cover at least the entire working width of the printing press 01 at least once.

[0040] Preferably, the dryer 351 is characterized alternatively or additionally in that at least one of the radiation sources 353, or more preferably a plurality of the radiation sources 353, or even more preferably each of the radiation sources 353, is a radiation source 353 for the controlled and / or regulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum and / or in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, in particular in the near-infrared range, and / or in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and / or in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation is generated by means of at least one radiation source 353, preferably at least one generator 353 for high-frequency waves, for example at least one microwave generator 353, for example at least one magnetron 353.Preferably, at least one Magnetron 353 has a power output between 300 W (three hundred watts) and 100 kW (one hundred kilowatts), with the operating frequency preferably between 0.5 GHz (zero point five gigahertz) and 300 GHz (three hundred gigahertz).

[0041] The electromagnetic radiation optionally used preferably has at least one wavelength in the range between 100 nm (one hundred nanometers) and 1 m (one meter), and which is further preferably, for example, in the ultraviolet range (10 nm to 380 nm, ten nanometers to three hundred and eighty nanometers) and / or in the visible range (380 nm to 780 nm, three hundred and eighty nanometers to seven hundred and eighty nanometers) and / or in the infrared range (780 nm to 1 mm, seven hundred and eighty nanometers to one millimeter), in particular in the near-infrared range (780 nm to 3 µm, seven hundred and eighty nanometers to three micrometers) and / or in the microwave range (1 mm to 1 m, one millimeter to one meter) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic radiation optionally used further preferably has at least one wavelength in the range between 8 cm (eight centimeters) and 35 cm (sixteen centimeters).Furthermore, the radiation preferably exhibits a resonance frequency of a dipole molecule, particularly water. The radiation at the resonance frequency of water is 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred and fifty megahertz), resulting in a wavelength of approximately 12.2 cm (twelve point two centimeters), or 915 MHz (nine hundred and fifteen megahertz), resulting in a wavelength of approximately 32.7 cm (thirty-two point seven centimeters).

[0042] Preferably, at least one of the at least three energy output devices 352 is operable independently of at least one other of the at least three energy output devices 352. More preferably, a plurality of the at least three energy output devices 352 is operable independently of at least a plurality of the other at least three energy output devices 352. Even more preferably, each of the at least three energy output devices 352 is operable independently of all the other at least three energy output devices 352.

[0043] Operability, in this context, refers in particular to activatability and / or deactivatability and / or controllability and / or regulating capability. Independence, in this context, means in particular that the intensities of the radiation emitted and / or emittable by at least two different energy emission devices 352 to the substrate 02, in their simultaneous temporal progression, can be individually controlled and / or regulated differently for the different energy emission devices 352. Preferably, at least those energy emission devices 352 whose areas of influence are also arranged offset from one another are operable independently of each other.

[0044] Preferably, the at least one dryer 351 is arranged as close as possible to the last application point 203 of the corresponding first printing unit 200 with respect to the transport path intended for the substrate 02. For example, with respect to a plurality of application points 203, at least one dryer 351 is arranged directly after each application point 203 and before each subsequent application point 203. By arranging a first gas outlet nozzle 354 and a first gas discharge device 356, the influence of gas flows on the respective area between application points 203 is preferably limited, and no influence is exerted on gas flows at the application points 203 themselves. This reduces, for example, the risk of unintentionally deflected drops of the printing fluid in the case of inkjet printheads 204.

[0045] Along the transport path of the substrate web 02, at least one second printing unit 400 is arranged. The transport path of the substrate web 02 through the at least one second printing unit 400 preferably runs analogously to the transport path through the at least one first printing unit 200. Within the at least one second printing unit 400, several printheads 402 are preferably arranged analogously, aligned with the second central cylinder 401.The at least one second printing unit 400 is preferably analogous to the at least one first printing unit 200, in particular with respect to at least one nozzle bar 403, at least one printhead 402 designed as an inkjet printhead 402 and their arrangement in double rows, the design and resolution of the printing process, the arrangement, alignment and control of the nozzles, and the mobility and adjustability of the at least one nozzle bar 403 and the at least one printhead 402 by means of at least one adjustment mechanism with a corresponding electric motor. With respect to the transport path of the substrate web 02, at least one second dryer 351 or pre-dryer 351 and then the at least one second post-dryer 331 of the at least one dryer unit 300 are preferably arranged after the at least one second printing unit 400 and / or after at least one application point 203 of the at least one second printing unit 400.The design of at least one second dryer 351 preferably resembles the design of at least one first dryer 351. The design of at least one second post-dryer 331 preferably resembles the design of at least one first post-dryer 301. The first dryer 351 and / or the second dryer 331 are, for example, arranged relatively close to a respective application point 203. Functionally, however, it is arranged downstream of the corresponding pressure unit 200; 400, even if it is spatially close and / or mounted on the same frame.

[0046] Preferably, the at least one dryer 351 has at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354, which is arranged along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in a transport direction T provided for the substrate 02, viewed downstream of the area of ​​influence of at least one of the at least three energy emission devices 352. Preferably, the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 is designed as at least one slot nozzle. Preferably, the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 has an outlet direction C which has at least one component that is oriented opposite to the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02 at one of the points on the transport path provided for the substrate 02 nearest to the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354.A reference direction to each of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 is preferably a direction that is exactly opposite to a transport direction T at the point of the transport path provided for the printing material 02 nearest to one of these first gas outlet nozzles 354, and in particular, runs antiparallel to it. More preferably, the respective outlet direction C of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 deviates from the respective reference direction of this respective first gas outlet nozzle 354 by at most 15°, more preferably at most 10°, even more preferably at most 5°, and even more preferably at most 1°.

[0047] Preferably, the printing machine 01 is characterized alternatively or additionally by the fact that the at least one dryer 351 has at least one first gas discharge device 356, which is arranged along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02 upstream of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and, more preferably, upstream of the area of ​​influence of at least one and, for example, all of the at least three energy output devices 352 in this transport direction T. The at least one gas discharge device 356 is preferably designed as at least one actively acting gas discharge device 356 and / or extraction device 356. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one first gas discharge device 356 is preferably designed as at least one passively acting gas discharge device 356 and / or as at least one guide surface 356.

[0048] Preferably, the printing machine 01 is characterized alternatively or additionally by the fact that, along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02, at least a second gas outlet nozzle is arranged downstream of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354, and that, further preferably, along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02, at least a second gas discharge device is arranged between the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and the at least one second gas outlet nozzle. Preferably, the at least one second gas outlet nozzle is configured in the same way as the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354. Preferably, the at least one second gas discharge device is configured in the same way as the at least one first gas discharge device 356.

[0049] Preferably, the printing machine 01 is characterized alternatively or additionally by the fact that, along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02, at least a third gas outlet nozzle is arranged after the at least one second gas outlet nozzle, and that, further preferably, along the transport path provided for the substrate 02 in the transport direction T provided for the substrate 02, at least a third gas discharge device is arranged between the at least one second gas outlet nozzle and the at least one third gas outlet nozzle. Preferably, the at least one third gas outlet nozzle is configured in the same way as the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and / or the at least one second gas outlet nozzle.Preferably, at least the third gas discharge device is designed in the same way as at least the first gas discharge device 356 and / or as at least the second gas discharge device.

[0050] Preferably, the printing press 01 is characterized alternatively or additionally by the fact that at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten, and even more preferably at least fifteen first gas outlet nozzles 354 are arranged, the respective areas of influence of which are at least partially offset from one another in the axial direction A. The same applies analogously to the second and third gas outlet nozzles. An offset arrangement is understood in particular to mean that a center point of the corresponding gas outlet nozzle 354, with respect to the axial direction A, has a distance in the direction of the offset from a corresponding center point of a corresponding first, second, or third gas outlet nozzle 354 arranged offset therefrom.

[0051] Preferably, each energy output device 352 has at least one radiation source 353 in indirect contact with at least one resonator 366. Preferably, the at least one area of ​​influence of the respective energy output device 352 is arranged between the at least one radiation source 353 and the at least one resonator 366. Preferably, each energy output device 352 has at least one circulator 364 and / or at least one automatic tuner 363 between the at least one radiation source 353 and the area of ​​influence.

[0052] The at least one radiation source 353 and the at least one resonator 366 are arranged such that a wave, preferably a standing wave, can be generated in the at least one waveguide 362. Preferably, the resonator 366 is located inside the at least one waveguide 362. The at least one radiation source 353 is preferably arranged on the opposite side in direct and / or indirect contact with the at least one waveguide 362, so that electromagnetic waves preferably propagate throughout the entire waveguide 362, and more preferably at least within the area of ​​influence.

[0053] The at least one resonator 366 or cavity resonator 366 comprises at least one short-circuit slider, preferably made of a material that reflects electromagnetic waves, preferably aluminum. The short-circuit slider is preferably designed to be displaceable by more than half the operating frequency of the at least one radiation source 353. The short-circuit slider is preferably arranged such that a wave, preferably a standing wave, forms at least partially in the at least one waveguide 362, and more preferably at least in the area of ​​influence.

[0054] The at least one automatic tuner 363 is preferably arranged between the at least one waveguide 362 and / or the at least one radiation source 353. The at least one automatic tuner 363 has, for example, three capacitive pins for automatic impedance matching, preferably spaced one quarter wavelength λ apart from each other.

[0055] The at least one circulator 364 is preferably arranged between the at least one radiation source 353 and the at least one automatic tuner 363. The at least one circulator 364 has, for example, a first input 367 through which the radiation from the at least one radiation source 353 enters and a second input 368 from which the input radiation exits. Reflected radiation from the area of ​​influence, which enters through the second input 368, is deflected in the direction of the at least one output 369. A reflection-free termination 371, which is filled with a radiation-absorbing, more preferably microwave-absorbing, medium, for example water, is preferably arranged downstream of the at least one output 369.

[0056] The at least one waveguide 362 is designed as a hollow body with, for example, six side walls, preferably with a rectangular cross-section. Preferably, the at least one waveguide 362 consists of a material that reflects electromagnetic waves, in particular a metal, preferably aluminum. The reflection, in particular the reflectance of the radiation, of the at least one waveguide 362 should be at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly at least 75%. Such reflection is particularly achievable with an aluminum surface. For example, the reflection of an aluminum-coated surface can be approximately 80% or more. At least one side wall has a radiation input 365, for example via parts of the side wall, preferably via the entire side wall, for the electromagnetic waves of the at least one radiation source 353, which is in at least indirect contact.Preferably, the wall thickness of the at least one waveguide 362 has a maximum of 1 cm, more preferably a maximum of 0.5 cm.

[0057] The at least one waveguide 362 has a length L362, a depth T362, and a height H362. The length L362 is preferably the length of the longest edge in a direction x. The depth T362 is preferably the length of another edge in a direction y and preferably orthogonal to the direction x. In a first embodiment, the direction x and the direction y define a plane that is parallel to another plane defined by the transverse direction A and the transport direction T. The height H362 of the at least one waveguide 362 is preferably the length of the edge that is preferably orthogonal to the plane defined by the direction x and the direction y. Preferably, the directions y, direction x, and direction z form a Cartesian coordinate system.The height H362 of the at least one waveguide 362 is, for example, 45 mm to 80 mm at a radiation frequency of the at least one radiation source 353 of 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred and fifty megahertz) and 60 mm to 150 mm at a radiation frequency of the at least one radiation source 353 MHz (three hundred and fifty-three megahertz) of 915 MHz (nine hundred and fifteen megahertz).

[0058] On at least one side wall of the at least one waveguide 362, there is at least one inlet opening 372 with a length L372 and a height H372, preferably a slot. On the opposite side wall and / or opposite the at least one inlet opening 372, there is at least one outlet opening 375, also with a length L375 and a height H375. Preferably, if the at least one waveguide 362 has multiple overflows across its working width, for example, in the case of a meandering waveguide, each overflow across the working width has at least one inlet opening 372 and at least one outlet opening 375. If the inlet opening 372 is continuous, each overflow across the working width is considered an additional inlet opening 372.

[0059] The at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 are geometrically formed by a cutout on the respective side wall of the at least one waveguide 362. This cutout comprises an outer surface 374; 377 on the outer wall of the at least one waveguide 362 and an inner surface 373; 376 on the inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362 with the same curvature and / or the same directional extent as the rest of the side wall. For example, in the case of a rectangular cross-section, the inner surface 373; 376 lies in the plane of the extent of the inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362. In particular, in the case of an oval and / or circular cross-section, the inner surface 373; 376 has the corresponding curvature of the rest of the inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362.Preferably, the at least one inner surface 373 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and the at least one inner surface 376 of the at least one outlet opening 375 are of the same size. More preferably, the at least one outer surface 374 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and the at least one outer surface 377 of the at least one outlet opening 375 are of the same size. The height H372 and / or the height H375 is, for example, between 1 mm and 50 mm (one to fifty millimeters), preferably between 3 mm and 12 mm (three and twelve millimeters), and more preferably between 5 mm and 7 mm (five and seven millimeters).A direction parallel to a connecting line of a surface centroid S373 of at least one interior surface 373 of at least one inlet opening 372 with a surface centroid S376 of the interior surface 376 of at least one outlet opening 375 forms at least one plane E with a direction parallel to the length L372 of one inlet opening 372 and / or parallel to the length L375 of at least one outlet opening 375.

[0060] The length L372 of the at least one input opening 372 corresponds to the length of the longest edge of the respective input opening 372. The length L375 of the at least one output opening 375 corresponds to the length of the longest edge of the output opening 375.

[0061] The lengths L372 and / or L375 are preferably oriented parallel to the transverse direction A. The heights H372 and / or H375 correspond to the maximum of the perpendicular distances to the baseline of lengths L372 and / or L375 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least one outlet opening 375. Preferably, the at least one height H372 and / or H375 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or outlet opening 375 is orthogonal to the transport direction T and / or orthogonal to the transverse direction A. Preferably, the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least one outlet opening 375 is arranged centrally on the respective side surface. More preferably, the centroid S373 of the respective inner surface 373 of the inlet opening 372 and / or the centroid S376 of the inner surface 376 of the outlet opening 375 lies at the centroid of the respective side surface.The at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 are at least large enough to allow the substrate 02 to pass through the inlet opening 372 and / or outlet opening 375. For example, the length L372 extends over at least 80% of the length L362 of the at least one waveguide 362. Preferably, the length L372 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the length L375 of the at least one outlet opening 375 is a maximum of 3 m (three meters). More preferably, in the case of several waveguides 362 arranged side by side across the working width in the transverse direction A, the sum of the lengths L372 and / or L375 is a maximum of 3 m (three meters).

[0062] In a further embodiment, the at least one waveguide 362 is configured with an oval or circular cross-section. In this case, the direction x is preferably parallel to the axial direction, and the length L362 of the respective waveguide 362 is the length of the axial direction of the at least one waveguide 362. The centroid S374 of the outer surface 374 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or a centroid S377 of the outer surface 377 of the at least one outlet opening 375 are preferably arranged diametrically on the outer surface.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one waveguide 362 has an inclination with at least one angle α relative to the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375. The at least one angle α is preferably a maximum of 45°, more preferably a maximum of 35°. The at least one angle α lies between a direction parallel to the length L372 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the length L375 of the at least one outlet opening 375 and the direction x of the at least one waveguide 362. The length L372 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the length L375 of the at least one outlet opening 375 extend at least partially, more preferably completely, across the respective side wall and / or the outer surface of the at least one waveguide 362.In this embodiment, the at least one waveguide 362 is mechanically separated by the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375, wherein the distance between the at least one mechanically separated waveguide 354 preferably corresponds to the height H362 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375. In this embodiment, the at least one resonator 366 and the at least one indirectly contacting radiation source 353 are each arranged on opposite sides, separated by the at least one plane E.

[0064] Preferably, at least one amplification device 379 made of an electromagnetic wave-reflecting material, for example a metal, preferably aluminum, is attached to the at least one input opening 372 and / or the at least one output opening 375. The material of the at least one amplification device 379 has at least the same electromagnetic wave reflection properties as the material of the at least one waveguide 362. Preferably, the at least one amplification device 379 has at least one first effective surface 380, and more preferably at least one further second effective surface 381. The at least one first effective surface 380 and / or the at least one second effective surface 381 is attached to the at least one input opening 372 and / or the at least one output opening 375.In a preferred embodiment, the at least one first effective surface 380 and / or the second effective surface 381 are arranged parallel and / or opposite each other. Preferably, the at least one reinforcing device 379 extends at least over portions of the length L372 and / or portions of the height H372 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least over portions of the length L375 and / or portions of the height H375 of the at least one outlet opening 375. More preferably, the at least one reinforcing device 379 extends over the entire length L372 and / or height H372 of the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or over the entire length L375 and / or height H375 of the at least one outlet opening 375. The at least one reinforcing device 379 has at least a first length Li379 projecting inwards and at least a second length La379 projecting outwards.

[0065] The at least one first length Li379 of the at least one amplification device 379, with at least one effective surface 380, more preferably at least two effective surfaces 380; 381, is arranged projecting inwards into the at least one waveguide 362 to at least 5% of the depth T362, more preferably at least 10% of the depth T362, more preferably at least 20% of the depth T362. The at least one second length La379 of the at least one amplification device 379, with at least one effective surface 380, more preferably two effective surfaces 380; 381, protrudes outwards by at least 5% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362, preferably at least 10% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362, more preferably at least 20% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362.

[0066] In the preceding and following sections, the length Li379, which projects into the interior of the at least one waveguide 362, is defined as the length of a perpendicular line on one of the inner surfaces 373; 376. This perpendicular line runs from one of the inner surfaces 373; 376 through the centroid S373; S376 of the respective inner surface 373; 376 into the interior of the respective waveguide 362. In the preceding and following sections, the length La379, which projects outwards, is defined as the length of a perpendicular line on one of the outer surfaces 374; 377. This perpendicular line runs from one of the outer surfaces 374; 377 through the centroid S374; S377 of the respective outer surface 374; 377 outwards from the respective waveguide 362.

[0067] In the case of several energy output devices 352 directly adjacent to one another, for example in contact with the adjacent at least one waveguide 362, the at least one amplification device 379 is preferably arranged projecting inwards into the interior of the at least one waveguide 362. More preferably, the at least one amplification device 379 is arranged projecting outwards only on the two outermost waveguides 362, on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one energy output device 352, in particular the at least one waveguide 362, comprises at least one shield 382. In one embodiment, the shield 382, ​​preferably an electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, preferably graphite, for example a porous graphite plate, is attached directly to the at least one input opening 372 and / or at least one output opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362. The material of the shield 382 is preferably arranged to absorb at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%, and more preferably at least 80% of the incident radiation from the at least one radiation source 353.

[0069] Preferably, the at least one shield 382 is attached at least over parts of length L372 and / or length L375 and / or height H372 and / or height H375, and more preferably over the entire length L372 and / or length L375 and / or height H372 and / or height H375. In a further preferred embodiment, the shield 382 is attached to the outside of the at least one amplifying device 379 and extends the outwardly projecting amplifying device 379 further. In the case of several energy output devices 352 directly adjacent to one another, for example, in contact with the adjacent at least one waveguide 362, the shield 382 is preferably attached only to the two outermost waveguides 362, on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362.

[0070] Additionally or alternatively, a further shield 383 is attached directly to the outside of the at least one waveguide 362 and is formed, for example, by at least one shielding housing 383, which is mounted on the at least one waveguide 362. The at least one shielding housing 383 is mounted in the transverse direction A on the at least one side surface and / or the outer surface with the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362. The at least one further shield 383 comprises a material in which the reflection, in particular the reflectance, of the electromagnetic waves differs by less than 20% from the reflection of the material of the at least one waveguide 362. Preferably, the at least one further shield 383 is made of aluminum.The shielding housing 383 has at least one first shielding housing opening 384 and / or at least one second shielding housing opening 385, which is opposite the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362. In a preferred embodiment, at least the first shielding housing opening 383 has at least one guide element 386. The at least one guide element 386 has, for example, a roller 386 for the substrate 02 through the dryer 351. The at least one shielding housing opening 383 preferably has at most the same size as the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375.In particular, the cross-sectional area of ​​the at least one shielding housing opening 383 is preferably at most the same size as the inner surface 376 and / or the at least one outer surface 377 of the at least one input opening 372 and / or at most the same size as the at least one inner surface 376 and / or the at least one outer surface 377 of the at least one output opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one first shielding housing opening 384, and more preferably also the at least one second shielding housing opening 385, is further reduced by at least 20% by the use of at least one shielding plate 387 and / or at least one further shielding roller 387.In the case of several energy output devices 352 arranged directly next to each other in the transverse direction A offset from each other, for example in contact with the adjacent at least one waveguide 362, the further shielding 383 is preferably only attached to the two outermost waveguides 362 with respect to the transverse direction A, on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362.

[0071] The at least one energy output device 352, more preferably the at least three energy output devices 352, are offset from each other at least partially in the axial direction A such that the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 and at least parts, more preferably the entire, working width are covered. The at least one resonator 366 and / or the radiation source 353, which is at least in indirect contact, is preferably located on the opposite side of the plane E.

[0072] Preferably, in a first sub-process of the first drying process, which is designed as an irradiation process, electromagnetic radiation is emitted in the direction of the substrate 02 by at least three, more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten, and even more preferably at least fifteen different energy emission devices 352 of the at least one first dryer 351, each having at least one radiation source 353, in a controlled and / or regulated manner, and further preferably delivered to the substrate 02 and / or the printing fluid. As described, the at least three energy emission devices 352 preferably have respective areas of effect that are arranged at least partially offset from one another in an axial direction A orthogonal to the transport direction T.Preferably, the intensities of the radiation emitted by at least two different energy emission devices 352 in the direction of the substrate 02 and further preferably delivered to the substrate 02 and / or the printing fluid are individually controlled and / or regulated in their simultaneous temporal course for different energy emission devices 352. Reference symbol list 01 Printing press, inkjet printing press, roll-to-roll printing press, roll-to-roll inkjet printing press 02 Substrate, substrate web, paper web, textile web, film, plastic film, metal foil 03 Print image 100 Material source, roll unwinding device, roll changer 101 Printing material roll 102 Rotation axis (101) 200 printing unit, inkjet printing unit, first 201 Central pressure cylinder, central cylinder, first, guide element, first 202 Rotation axis (201) 203 Order Office 204 Imaging device, printhead, inkjet printhead, first 205 - 206 nozzle bars, first 207 Pressure point 208 Printhead row 300 dryer unit 301 Post-dryer, first 331 Secondary dryer 351 Dryer Main dryer, pre-dryer, first; Dryer Main dryer, pre-dryer, second 352 Energy output device 353 Radiation source, generator, microwave generator, magnetron 354 Gas outlet nozzle, first 355 - 356 Gas discharge device, extraction device, guide surface, first 357 - 358 - 359 - 360 - 361 - 362 waveguides 363 tuners, automatic 364 circulator 365 radiation input 366 Resonator, cavity resonator 367 Entrance, first 368 Entrance, second Exit 369 370 - 371 Conclusion, reflection-free 372 Entrance opening 373 Interior surface area (372) 374 Exterior area (372) 375 Exit opening 376 Interior surface area (375) 377 Exterior area (375) 378 - 379 Reinforcement device 380 effective area, first 381 Effective area, second 382 Shielding 383 Shielding, further, shielding housing 384 Shielding housing opening, first 385 Shielding housing opening, second 386 Guide element, roller 387 Shielding plate 400 pressure unit, second 401 Central pressure cylinder, central cylinder, second 402 Printhead, inkjet printhead, second 403 Nozzle bar, second 404 Rotation axis 500 Post-processing device, folding device, winding device, sheet cutter, flat delivery A direction, axial, transverse direction, axial C Exit direction (354) T Transport direction α Angle of inclination x direction y direction z direction S373 Area center of gravity S374 Area center of gravity S376 Area center of gravity S377 Area center of gravity Li379 Length inside La379 Length outside L362 length H362 Height T362 Depth L372 length H372 Height L375 length H375 Height Level E

Claims

[1] Device for at least partially drying a printing material (02), comprising at least one dryer (351) with at least one energy emission device (352) having at least one effect area, wherein the at least one effect area is at least partially encompassed by at least one waveguide (362) and wherein the at least one waveguide (362) is configured with at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at least one outlet opening (375) and wherein the at least one energy emission device (352) comprises at least one radiation source (353) and wherein at least one amplification device (379) with at least one first effective surface (380) is attached to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362), characterized by, that the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to increase the efficiency of the drying process and that the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to project inwards into the at least one waveguide (362) by at least 5% of the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362). [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the at least one waveguide (362) has at least one inclination angle (α) of maximum 45° relative to the at least one input opening (372) and / or the at least one output opening (375), wherein the at least one inclination angle (α) is between a direction parallel to a length (L372) of the at least one input opening (372) and / or to a length (L375) of the at least one output opening (375) and the direction (x) of the at least one waveguide (362). [3] Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, that at least one waveguide (362) is designed with a rectangular cross-section or a circular cross-section or an oval cross-section. [4] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized by , that the length (Li379) of the at least one amplifying device (379) is arranged to project inwards into the at least one waveguide (362) by at least 10% of the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362). [5] Device according to claim 4, characterized by, that the length (Li379) is arranged projecting into the interior of the at least one waveguide (362), wherein the length (Li379) is defined as the length of a perpendicular line on one of the inner surfaces (373; 376) and wherein the at least one perpendicular line runs from one of the inner surfaces (373; 376) through the centroid (S373; S376) of the respective inner surface (373; 376) into the interior of the respective waveguide (362), wherein the inner surfaces (373; 376) are encompassed by a cutout on the inner wall of the at least one waveguide (362) with the same curvature and / or with the same directional extent as the remaining side wall. [6] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized by , that at least one amplification device (379) with at least two effective surfaces (380; 381) is attached to the at least one input opening (372) and / or at least one output opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362). [7] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized by , that the at least one first effective surface (380) and the at least one second effective surface (381) are arranged parallel and / or opposite each other. [8] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, characterized by , that the height (H372) of the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the height (H375) of the at least one outlet opening (375) is between 1 mm and 50 mm (one millimeter and fifty millimeters). [9] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized by , that the material of the at least one amplifying device (379) has at least the same reflection behavior of electromagnetic waves as the material of the at least one waveguide (362), wherein the reflection of the radiation of the at least one waveguide (362) is at least 40%. [10] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9, characterized by , that at least one reinforcement device (379) is made of aluminium. [11] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10, characterized by that it has at least one energy output device (352) and at least one shield (382). [12] Device according to claim 11, characterized by , that in the case of several energy output devices (352) directly next to each other, the shielding (382) is preferably attached only to the two outermost waveguides (362), on the side without an adjacent waveguide (362). [13] Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by , that at least one shield (382) is attached to the outside of at least one reinforcement device (379). [14] Device according to claim 11 or 12 or 13, characterized by, that at least one shield (382) is attached directly to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375). [15] Device according to claim 11 or 12 or 13 or 14, characterized by , that the material of the at least one shield (382) is arranged to absorb at least 50% of the incident radiation from the at least one radiation source (353). [16] Device according to claim 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15, characterized by , that at least one shield (382) consists of graphite. [17] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16, characterized by , that at least one further shielding (383) is attached to the outside of the at least one waveguide (362) and is designed as a shielding housing (383). [18] Device according to claim 17, characterized by, that at least one further shielding (383) is attached to several energy output devices (352) directly next to each other, the further shielding (383) is attached only to the two outermost waveguides (362), on the side without an adjacent waveguide (362). [19] Device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by , that the at least one further shield (383) has a material in which the reflection of the electromagnetic waves of the material differs by less than 20% from the reflection of the material of the at least one waveguide (362). [20] Device according to claim 17 or 18 or 19, characterized by , that at least one further shielding (383) consists of aluminium. [21] Device according to claim 17 or 18 or 19 or 20, characterized by that the shielding housing (383) has at least one first shielding housing opening (384) and / or one second shielding housing opening (385). [22] Device according to claim 21, characterized by , that at least one first shielding housing opening (384) has at least one guiding element (386) for the printing material (02) through the dryer (351). [23] Device according to claim 21 or 22, characterized by , that the at least one first shielding housing opening (384) and / or the at least one second shielding housing opening (385) has at least the same size as the at least one input opening (372) and / or the at least one output opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362). [24] Device according to claim 21 or 22 or 23, characterized by , that the at least one first shielding housing opening (384) and / or the at least one second shielding housing opening (385) is reduced by at least 20% by the use of at least one shielding plate (387) and / or at least one further shielding roller (387). [25] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24, characterized by , that the at least one resonator (366) and the at least one indirectly contacting radiation source (353) are each located on the other side of a plane (E). [26] Device according to claim 25, characterized by , that a direction parallel to a connecting line of the centroid (S373) of the at least one interior surface (373) of the at least one entrance opening (372) with the centroid (S376) of the at least one interior surface (376) of the at least one exit opening (375) forms a direction parallel to the length (L375) of the one entrance opening (372) and / or the length (L375) of the at least one exit opening (375) which forms at least one plane (E). [27] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26, characterized by , that at least one radiation source (353) has radiation with a resonance frequency of a dipole molecule. [28] Device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27, characterized by , that at least one radiation source (353) has radiation with a resonance frequency of water of 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred fifty megahertz) with a wavelength of approximately 12.2 cm (twelve point two centimeters) or 915 MHz (nine hundred fifteen megahertz) with a wavelength of approximately 32.7 cm (thirty-two point seven centimeters).

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