Measurement setup and method for decentralized acquisition and central evaluation of measurement data and use

Abstract

Measuring arrangement (10) configured for decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a large number of measuring points and configured for central evaluation of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point, comprising: -a plurality of wireless, energy-autonomous communicating measuring units (20) each with at least one sensor element (21); -a data hub (30) which is wirelessly connected to the measuring units via at least one communication protocol; characterized by that a first subset of the wireless measuring units (20) is configured for aleatory free arrangement and displacement within a bulk material (1) and can be introduced into the bulk material in such a way that the respective measurement data can be acquired independently of the respective aleatory free arrangement or aleatory orientation of the measuring unit (20) in the bulk material and can be transmitted to the data hub (30) based on at least one communication protocol in an energy-autonomous manner, wherein the data hub is configured for receiving and evaluating the measurement data and is configured for storing the measurement data in a data storage device (36) of system-specific measurement data, and a second subset of the measuring units (20) is configured for arrangement on the bulk material, wherein the first subset of the measuring units (20) is configured with a first density or first mass or first external dimension and wherein the second subset of the measuring units (20) is configured with a second density or second mass or second external dimension, each not equal to the first density / mass / external dimension.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The invention relates to a device and a method for the decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measuring points and for the central evaluation of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point. In particular, the invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of the respective independent or dependent claim. BACKGROUND

[0002] Material flow and logistics are largely designed for bulk goods (free-flowing materials). For example, when loading large quantities of bulk goods onto stockpiles, during mining operations, or in ports or on ships, there is interest in optimizing the processes.

[0003] Unlike logistics processes for unit loads, which are planned and monitored, bulk goods cannot be equipped with individual sensors, tags, or other individually identifying markers. In other words, the bulk goods remain anonymous and can, at best, be marked on a batch-specific basis.

[0004] An increasingly important and more strictly enforced requirement relates to minimizing dust emissions. Dust reduction can be achieved, for example, by thoroughly spraying the bulk material with water. Typically, no data on dust levels are collected in this process; countermeasures must usually be implemented manually. Consequently, parameters crucial to dust generation are either not recorded or at least not systematically, and therefore not considered, or not systematically considered, in dust control measures.

[0005] There is particular interest in improved monitoring of material flow in bulk materials, especially with regard to dust and particle emissions. Ideally, countermeasures should also be easily initiated or enabled. In short, there is a desire for more in-depth digitalization of bulk material handling. Last but not least, occupational safety is also a key consideration.

[0006] From DE 10 2017 205 972 A1, US 2013 / 0 054 159 A1 and DE 10 2016 210 416 A1, it is known to determine the fill level of a liquid or bulk material using sensors arranged therein. From DE 10 2007 015 683 A1 and DE 10 2008 005 672 A1, it is also known to detect properties in a fluid or structural component by means of distributed sensors via physical or chemical values. DE 10 2015 215 763 A1 describes a recycling plant in which a control device for monitoring the bulk material density is provided to ensure a consistent quality of the processed bulk material. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with the features described above, with which the material flow during the relocation of bulk materials can be evaluated in a suitable manner, and in particular with regard to initiating and controlling countermeasures. It is also an object to simplify comprehensive monitoring of conditions or hazardous situations, especially during the relocation or storage of bulk materials, and in particular to the greatest extent possible independent of the type of bulk material being monitored.

[0008] This problem is solved by a device and a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the dependent claims.

[0009] In particular, this problem is solved according to the invention by a measuring arrangement configured for the decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measuring points and configured for the central evaluation / analysis of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point, comprising: a plurality of wirelessly energy-autonomous communicating measuring units, each with at least one sensor element; a data hub, which is in wireless communication with the measuring units via at least one communication protocol; wherein the respective wireless measuring unit is configured for aleatory free arrangement and displacement within a bulk material and can be introduced into the bulk material in such a way thatthat the respective measurement data can be acquired independently of the respective random arrangement or orientation of the measuring unit in the bulk material and can be transmitted to the data hub in an energy-autonomous manner based on at least one communication protocol, wherein the data hub is configured for receiving and evaluating the measurement data and is configured for storing the measurement data in a system-specific data storage system, in particular configured for the individual receipt and evaluation of the measurement data specific to each measuring unit. This provides various options for process monitoring, especially for continuous monitoring in the immediate vicinity of the causes of process changes or process risks. Keyword description: Tracking of process parameters.particularly on the material flow path during bulk material relocation or in stored bulk materials (e.g., silos). Furthermore, according to the invention, a first subset of the measuring units is configured for free arrangement and random positioning within a bulk material, and a second subset of the measuring units is configured for arrangement on top of a bulk material. This enables differentiated measurement of parameters inside and outside the bulk material and can improve the validity of comparative analyses. Optionally, a third subset of the measuring units is configured for a predefined, fixed arrangement on a device independent of the bulk material. This allows the acquired measured values ​​to be related to environmental parameters that can be determined on-site independently of the respective bulk material. This also facilitates, for example, comparative plausibility analyses.

[0010] It has been shown that the measuring setup can be used in a wide variety of areas, particularly in connection with dust suppression measures. Dust emissions can be determined with relative accuracy. The measuring setup comprises a large number of relatively small, compact, and robust measuring / sensor units, each of which is in communicative contact with a central data reception and processing system (hub).

[0011] The sensor units are designed to collect measurement data and transmit it wirelessly to the processing system. The individual units are flexible in their deployment: they can be stored autonomously within or on top of the bulk material, or attached to various machines, vehicles, and systems (especially in a fixed installation). The sensor units can also be worn by personnel involved in the process, particularly when specific (variable) measurement positions need to be recorded, such as time-varying measurement positions along the material flow path of the bulk material.

[0012] For example, the sensor unit for data acquisition comprises several sensors that record the crucial measurement data (in particular, a multitude of different parameters). Specifically, at least two measurement parameters (or their temporal profiles) from the following group can be recorded and processed, especially for monitoring dust development or particle pollution: airborne dust / particles; air and material humidity; air pressure; wind speed and direction; temperature; absolute and / or relative position of the sensor units; light intensity; acoustic events (sound); gas composition.

[0013] The data can be transmitted to the central system (hub), for example, via a radio module. The analysis can be performed in such a way that dust levels in various systems can be specifically analyzed and, optionally, reduced by initiating / regulating countermeasures controlled by the hub. This enables a safe and efficient process. The occupational safety of the personnel involved can be improved.

[0014] It has been shown that an analysis based on measurement data acquired directly within the bulk material (especially within the respective bulk material) allows for reliable, reproducible statements about when and to what extent dust emissions are to be expected. The measuring units can also be used efficiently during the respective process, particularly continuously, with regard to determining / analyzing material qualities.

[0015] Each measuring unit can have at least one energy storage device configured for autonomous operation over a period of several days, weeks, or months. Preferably, the capacity of the energy storage device is designed such that energy autonomy can be ensured for at least several weeks, and that an external energy supply preferably only occurs when a maintenance interval expires (synchronized energy supply and maintenance intervals). Optionally, each measuring unit can also have an energy harvesting unit, such as a solar module. However, this can be disadvantageous in certain applications, e.g., with highly abrasive bulk materials. Preferably, the measuring units are energy-autonomous for several days or weeks without an energy harvesting unit, i.e., solely based on the capacity of the integrated energy storage device.

[0016] Optionally, at least one (first) subset of the measuring units is configured for free arrangement and random positioning within a bulk material or for placement on top of a bulk material (especially with a lower density or larger dimensions than the bulk material), and a further (second or third) subset of the measuring units is configured for a predefined fixed arrangement on a device independent of the bulk material. This also enables differentiated measurement of parameters.

[0017] The individual subsets can each have unique identifiers and can be evaluated individually. Depending on the metrological task, the measurement units can be selected and subdivided into subsets in such a way that the recorded measurement data reflects the desired measurements, e.g., primarily on the surface of a bulk material or at least partially within the bulk material.

[0018] The measuring units of the subset intended for a predefined fixed arrangement may include fastening devices, e.g., form-fit and / or force-fit fastening devices such as screw connections or snap-fit ​​mechanisms.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the plurality of measuring units comprises at least a first group with measuring units having a first density, mass, or external dimension, in particular each with a relatively smaller value, especially at least 30% smaller, and wherein the plurality of measuring units further comprises at least a second group with measuring units having a second density, mass, or external dimension, each different from the first density / mass / external dimension, in particular each with a relatively larger value, especially at least 30% larger, particularly in each case with respect to the density or porosity of the bulk material or with respect to the size of the bulk materials. The difference can be smaller / larger with respect to the measuring units of the other group and / or with respect to the bulk material. This can facilitate an aleatory arrangement of the measuring units in different subgroups, e.g.regarding a first subgroup within the fill and a second subgroup on the top of the fill or below the fill.

[0020] For example, the measuring units have dimensions in the following ranges: (90 to 120mm) x (40 to 60mm) x (20 to 40mm), e.g. 100x50x30mm.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the measuring arrangement is configured for monitoring / tracking bulk material parameters on and along a material flow path using the measuring units. This also allows the measuring arrangement to be used largely independently of a specific material flow concept. Tracking can be achieved, for example, by recording the measurement parameters in a predefined temporal pattern and evaluating the temporal progression of these parameters. Each measuring unit can be assigned an identifier (key, code).

[0022] According to one embodiment, the respective wireless measuring unit is moisture-resistant or waterproof; and / or wherein the respective wireless measuring unit has external dimensions of less than 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, or 1 cm, and / or a mass of less than 200 g, 100 g, 50 g, or 20 g. This also enables the measuring units to be used flexibly for a variety of applications.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the respective wireless measuring unit has a fully sealed housing, in particular in the form of a form-fit and / or force-fit waterproof enclosure, and wherein the respective measuring unit is impact-resistant or pressure-resistant. This also provides a wide range of application possibilities for the measuring units.

[0024] The housing material should preferably be transparent to all types of radio waves. The housing material can be chosen from the following group, for example: polymer plastics, e.g., polycarbonate, UHMWPE, PEEK.

[0025] The housing material is preferably drop- and shock-resistant, i.e., resistant to pressure. Optionally, a filling material can be provided inside the housing for damping and isolating the electronics. Furthermore, the housing material is preferably resistant to abrasion (surface friction, surface wear). This facilitates long-term use even in bulk materials containing highly abrasive substances.

[0026] The respective wireless measuring unit can have an outer surface with a cylindrical, cuboid, spherical, or ellipsoidal geometry, in particular without edges, protrusions, or indentations. The measuring unit can also be customized for the specific bulk material. A spherical shape is a preferred geometry in many cases.

[0027] According to one embodiment, each wireless measuring unit is configured for inter-communication or cross-communication with at least one other wireless measuring unit (peer-to-peer). This allows the acquired data set to be expanded and the data analysis to be performed in a more differentiated manner.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the respective wireless measuring unit is configured for data acquisition over a circumferential angle of at least 90° or at least 180°, and in particular is configured for comprehensive data acquisition in all three spatial dimensions / directions. This ensures data acquisition largely independent of the position and orientation of the measuring units / sensors.

[0029] According to one embodiment, at least a subset of the measuring units is configured for location-based acquisition of the measurement data such that the measurement data can be centrally evaluated by the data hub with respect to position. This also provides the possibility of arranging the measuring units in a largely arbitrary grid / pattern or in a largely arbitrary resolution and distribution.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the measurement data is based on at least one humidity measurement parameter and / or one temperature measurement parameter and / or one particle density measurement parameter. It has been shown that a reliable and meaningful measurement can be achieved based on this / these measurement parameter(s).

[0031] Each wireless measuring unit can have at least one sensor element from the following group: humidity sensor (especially capacitive, especially humidity sensor), temperature sensor (especially thermistor), sound sensor, particle and / or particle density sensor, position sensor (especially GPS), pressure sensor, accelerometer, gas sensor. The entire measuring arrangement can include a large number of these sensors. This allows the scope of the acquired data set to be customized. Optionally, the respective sensors can be switched on and off, particularly with regard to energy-optimized operation at maximum operating time.

[0032] According to one embodiment, each wireless measuring unit has a local measuring range or detection range of at least 3 cm or at least 10 cm, and in particular a detection range of 3 to 50 cm. This ensures good coverage of the measured area, largely independent of any random distribution of the measuring units. Optionally, the detection range can be centrally controlled. This can be particularly advantageous when it is necessary to respond to a specific arrangement and distribution of the measuring units depending on the situation. Alternatively, the range can be minimized or limited to less than 3 cm for a point measurement.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the respective wireless measuring unit has a wireless communication range of at least 10 m, in particular at least 100 m. This enables tracking even in comparatively voluminous fills or over a comparatively large area. A measurement interval and / or a communication interval and / or a corresponding measurement / communication duration and / or a corresponding measurement / communication time of the respective measuring unit can be set, in particular by means of a control unit of the data hub. The respective wireless measuring unit can be configured for wireless communication based on at least one protocol from the following group: Sigfox; LPWAN, in particular NB-IoT; Bluetooth; ZigBee; CDMA; cellular network protocol; long-range WiFi protocol.

[0034] Depending on the application, the amount of data to be processed and transmitted is usually quite small. CDMA, in particular, ensures high signal robustness and excellent penetration, even through insulating materials. Long-range Wi-Fi protocols, in particular, can be easily implemented in systems. Mobile network protocols, especially, offer good coverage and can optionally handle larger data volumes. Depending on the application, multiple protocols can be implemented, especially as a backup in case one network or protocol fails.

[0035] Alternatively, the communication range can be several hundred meters or even kilometers.

[0036] The wireless measuring unit may have integrated router functionality. Furthermore, the wireless measuring unit may be configured for communication via the internet / gateway.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the measuring arrangement includes a control unit and is interconnected with at least one process control system, in particular with a process control system for setting a conveying speed or for switching a conveying device transporting bulk material on / off and / or for initiating / controlling countermeasures. This expands the process-related options, especially with regard to maximizing occupational safety.

[0038] The aforementioned problem is solved according to the invention in particular by a measuring arrangement configured for the decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measuring points and configured for the central evaluation of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point, comprising: a plurality of wirelessly energy-autonomous communicating measuring units, each with at least one sensor element; a data hub, which is in wireless communication with the measuring units via at least one communication protocol; wherein the respective wireless measuring unit is configured for aleatory free arrangement and displacement within a bulk material and can be introduced into the bulk material in such a way thatthat the respective measurement data can be acquired independently of the respective aleatory free arrangement or aleatory orientation of the measuring unit in the bulk material and can be transmitted to the data hub in an energy-autonomous manner based on at least one communication protocol, wherein the data hub is configured for receiving and evaluating the measurement data and is configured for storing the measurement data in a data storage system for proprietary measurement data, wherein at least a subset of the measuring units is configured for free arrangement and aleatory positioning within a bulk material or configured for arrangement on a bulk material.And another subset of the measuring units is set up for a predefined, fixed arrangement on a device independent of the fill material. This results in numerous advantages mentioned above. In particular, a differential comparison measurement can be performed between the moving measuring units in / on the fill material and the fixed measuring units.

[0039] The aforementioned problem is also solved according to the invention by a measurement method for the decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measuring points and for the central evaluation / analysis of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point, wherein the measurement data are acquired by means of a plurality of wireless energy-autonomous communicating measuring units, each with at least one sensor element, and transmitted energy-autonomously to a data hub via at least one communication protocol;wherein the measurement data are acquired with a first subset of the measuring units in an aleatorically free arrangement within a bulk material, independent of the respective aleatorically free arrangement or aleatorically oriented of the measuring units in the bulk material, and with a second subset of the measuring units arranged for arrangement on the bulk material, wherein the acquired and transmitted measurement data are evaluated by the data hub and stored in a data store of system-specific measurement data, in particular specifically for each measuring unit. This also simplifies, for example, the tracing and assignment of measurement data and any causes of hazards (tracking).

[0040] According to one embodiment, the multitude of measuring points are defined at least partially aleatorically by the random, free arrangement of the individual measuring units within a bulk material, whereby at least a subset of the measuring units are autonomously and aleatorically displaced or positioned within the bulk material by means of the bulk material itself. This also prevents individual areas of the bulk material or the measurement area from being missed due to displacement of the bulk material. In particular, self-regulating, spatially resolved acquisition of the measurement data can be ensured during dynamic material flow processes, even if the material flow path cannot be precisely defined or is not known in advance.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the measurement data is acquired decentrally by a first subset of the measuring units in an arrangement within the fill material below its surface, and further decentrally by a second subset of the measuring units in an arrangement on the surface of the fill material. This improves the scope and / or the informative value of the acquired data set. In particular, comparative measurements and plausibility checks can be performed and evaluated.

[0042] At least a subset of the measuring units can be arranged outside the bulk material, in particular at at least one conveying device and / or at at least one device for initiating or controlling countermeasures in response to an evaluation of the measurement data with respect to at least one predefined / predefinable threshold value, in particular in each case in a stationary arrangement. Transmission of measurement data can also occur between the individual measuring units (inter-communication), in particular between at least two subsets of the measuring units.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the measurement data is centrally evaluated to determine at least one controlled variable, in particular to determine a controlled variable for controlling / regulating at least one drive of at least one conveying device for bulk materials. This enables active process control based on monitoring / tracking of bulk material parameters along the material flow path.

[0044] The measurement data can be evaluated, at least with regard to humidity measurement parameters, temperature measurement parameters, and / or particle density measurement parameters. This offers advantages, particularly in connection with dust emissions.

[0045] According to one embodiment, a multitude of local, individual measurement parameters from the following group are acquired and evaluated: (air) humidity, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, sound level, acceleration, pressure, particle density, gas composition or type of gas or gas density, position, in particular with regard to the course of the measurement parameter over an interval of at least a few minutes, hours, or days. This can also expand the scope of the analysis.

[0046] The evaluation of the measurement data can be carried out individually with spatial resolution, at least with respect to a subset of the measurement units.

[0047] During the evaluation, at least one externally available, previously recorded and readable measurement parameter from outside the system can be taken into account, in particular a location-specific temperature, humidity, or wind speed. This allows the evaluation to be related to the surrounding situation, i.e., to be contextualized. This can be useful, for example, with regard to temperature differences.

[0048] For example, dust density / particle density is detected by the respective measuring unit using at least one optical method and / or an electrical pulse method.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the evaluation is performed with respect to at least one threshold value; and / or wherein the evaluation is spatially resolved and wherein a spatially resolved measurement data profile is created for the entire bulk material, in particular with reference to the density and / or spatially resolved distribution of the measuring units. This also simplifies targeted control, especially of countermeasures.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the acquisition and / or transmission each occur depending on at least one threshold value and / or each based on at least one predefined / predefinable time interval, particularly in relation to each other over time between the measuring units. This can also enable an energy-optimized process, especially with regard to a long service life or long self-sufficiency of the measuring units. For example, a predefined interval of one transmission and / or measurement per minute (1x / min) is set. Optionally, the measurement can be performed independently of the transmission, with the transmission preferably occurring upon request from the data hub, particularly based on a wake-up mode (situation-dependent waking / activation of the respective measuring unit via a signal from the central unit).

[0051] The aforementioned problem is also achieved according to the invention by using a measuring arrangement with a plurality of decentrally arrangable / arranged measuring units, in particular by using a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the decentralized measuring units communicate the acquired measurement data to a data hub for central evaluation, wherein at least a subset of the measuring units are / are freely arranged for aleatory positioning or displacement within a bulk material in each individual aleatory arrangement, in particular with a number of measuring units greater than 10 or greater than 50 or greater than 100. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

[0052] The aforementioned problem is also achieved according to the invention by using a measuring arrangement with a plurality of decentrally arrangable / arranged measuring units, in particular by using a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the decentralized measuring units communicate the acquired measurement data to a data hub for central evaluation (communication module and processing unit of the data hub), wherein a first subset of the measuring units are / are freely arranged for aleatory positioning or displacement within a / the bulk material in individually aleatory arrangements, and wherein a second subset of the measuring units are arranged on / of the bulk material for acquiring and transmitting the measurement data. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

[0053] The aforementioned problem is also achieved according to the invention by using a measuring arrangement with a plurality of decentrally arrangable / arranged measuring units, in particular by using a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, in at least one bulk material comprising at least one bulk material from the following group: grain, pellets, tablets, stones and / or soils, in particular for generating an aleatory (random) mesh topology by means of the measuring units (random relative arrangement of the measuring units), wherein the dimensions of the respective measuring unit preferably deviate from the dimensions of the bulk material by at least 50% or at least 75% (smaller or larger). This results in the aforementioned advantages.

[0054] The aforementioned problem is also achieved according to the invention by using a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims with a plurality of decentrally arrangable / arranged measuring units, with at least a subset of the measuring units in a three-dimensional arrangement within at least one bulk material during the loading or unloading of bulk material or during the formation or reformation of the respective bulk material. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

[0055] The aforementioned problem is also solved according to the invention by a method for controlling the material flow when moving bulk material, in particular when forming bulk materials, wherein at least one drive of at least one conveying device is controlled and regulated depending on measurement data acquired arbitrarily within the bulk material decentrally by a first subset of measuring units and by a second subset of measuring units arranged on the bulk material according to the measurement method described above, in particular by means of a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

[0056] The aforementioned problem is also solved according to the invention by a method for monitoring and controlling environmental parameters during the material flow of bulk material, in particular during the relocation, formation, or reconversion of bulk materials, wherein, depending on predefinable environmental parameters, at least one countermeasure is initiated or controlled, in particular location-related with respect to at least one predefinable position (3D position data), in particular at least one countermeasure from the group consisting of: moisture regulation, in particular by introducing water into the bulk material, reduction of the material turnover (flow rate), stopping the bulk material relocation, switching on or controlling at least one air extraction system, wherein a data hub is used to compare measurement data,The measurements are taken by means of a first subset of measuring units, each arranged aleatorically within a bulk material, and by means of a second subset of measuring units arranged on the bulk material, according to the measurement method described above, and transmitted to the data hub, and the environmental parameters are measured; in particular by means of a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, especially with respect to at least one threshold value of at least one measurement parameter detected by the measuring units, in particular with respect to environmental parameters from the following group: sound emission, particle emission, humidity, temperature. This results in the aforementioned advantages. List of characters

[0057] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of at least one embodiment with reference to the drawings, as well as from the drawings themselves. Each drawing shows a schematic representation. Fig. 1 a measuring arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B each a measuring unit of a measuring arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 3 Device for initiating / controlling countermeasures in communicative connection with a measuring arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 4 a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment.

[0058] For reference symbols that are not explicitly described in relation to a single figure, reference is made to the other figures.

[0059] For ease of understanding, the figures are first described together, with reference to all reference symbols. Details or special features shown in each figure are then described individually. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0060] A bulk material 1 is formed by bulk material 2. A conveying device 3 (e.g., discharge boom of a bucket wheel excavator, belt conveyor, or material chute) conveys the bulk material 2. This can be done, in particular, by means of at least one drive or control element 3.1 of the conveying device.

[0061] A measuring arrangement 10 comprises a plurality of wireless measuring units 20, in particular each comprising at least one sensor element 21 (e.g. thermistor or humidity sensor), a microcontroller 22, an energy storage device 23, a communication module 24, a housing 25, a data storage device 26 of system-specific measurement data.

[0062] The measuring units are communicatively connected to a data hub 30, which includes in particular: a gateway 31, a processing unit 32, an energy storage unit 33, a communication module 34, a control unit 35, a (first) data storage unit 36 ​​for system-internal measurement data, and a (second) data storage unit 37 for external measurement data. The data hub 30 is communicatively connected to a device 40 for initiating / controlling countermeasures, which includes in particular: a fluid reservoir 41 and / or a humidity control unit 42 and / or an air extraction system 43 and / or extinguishing agents, e.g., foam.

[0063] The Fig. Figure 1 shows an arrangement in which the bulk material 2 is arranged on a heap or in a single bulk 1, e.g., in a ship's hull during loading in inland navigation. The measuring units 20 are located within and on the bulk 1 and can be selectively supplied by means of the bulk material 2.

[0064] The measuring units 20 are also partially arranged on a surface or top side 1.1 of the bulk material 1. The measuring units 20 are arranged at least approximately uniformly within the bulk material 1.

[0065] The Fig. 2A Fig. 2B shows an exemplary structure or exemplary components of a respective measuring unit 20.

[0066] The Fig. Figure 3 shows the measurement, evaluation and control concept in rudimentary form.

[0067] In Fig. Figure 4 shows a further arrangement: the individual measuring units 20 are arranged in several subsets, in particular at the bottom of the bulk material 1, at the top of the bulk material 1, on the top of the bulk material 1, and in the surrounding area, in particular stationary on the conveying device 3 or on a stationary structure. The number of the four subsets described here as an example is variable. The arrangement of the measuring units 20, which is both random and differentiated, can be ensured, for example, by ensuring that the measuring units are designed differently in terms of geometry, mass, density, or similar parameters, so that a displacement within the bulk material 1 automatically leads to a differentiable distribution into at least two subsets. This can also expand the recorded measurement data set and make the evaluation more differentiated.

[0068] In Fig.4. After intermediate storage of the bulk material 2, the material flow path is continued on at least one further conveying device 3, whereby the measuring units are also carried in this further section of the material flow path and are distributed / arranged randomly. Reference symbol list 1 fill 1.1 Surface or top side of the fill 2 Bulk goods 3 Conveying device, e.g. discharge boom of bucket wheel excavator assembly, or belt conveyor or material chute 3.1 Drive or control element of the conveying device 10 Measuring setup 20 wireless measuring unit or measuring sensor 21 Sensor element, in particular thermistor or humidity sensor 22 microcontrollers 23 Energy storage 24 Communication module 25 Housing or enclosure 26 Data storage of system-specific measurement data 30 data hubs 31 Gateway 32 computing units 33 Energy storage 34 Communication module 35 Control unit 36 Data storage of system-specific measurement data 37 Data storage of external measurement data 40. Device for initiating / regulating countermeasures 41 Fluid reservoir 42 Humidity control unit 43 Air extraction

Claims

[1] Measuring arrangement (10) configured for decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measuring points and configured for central evaluation of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measuring point, comprising: -a plurality of wireless, energy-autonomous communicating measuring units (20) each with at least one sensor element (21); -a data hub (30) which is wirelessly connected to the measuring units via at least one communication protocol; characterized by , that a first subset of the wireless measuring units (20) is configured for aleatory free arrangement and displacement within a bulk material (1) and can be introduced into the bulk material in such a way that the respective measurement data can be acquired independently of the respective aleatory free arrangement or aleatory orientation of the measuring unit (20) in the bulk material and can be transmitted to the data hub (30) based on at least one communication protocol in an energy-autonomous manner, wherein the data hub is configured for receiving and evaluating the measurement data and is configured for storing the measurement data in a data storage device (36) of system-specific measurement data, and a second subset of the measuring units (20) is configured for arrangement on the bulk material, wherein the first subset of the measuring units (20) is configured with a first density or first mass or first external dimension and wherein the second subset of the measuring units (20) is configured with a second density or second mass or second external dimension, each not equal to the first density / mass / external dimension. [2] Measuring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the measuring arrangement is configured to track bulk material parameters on a material flow path and along the material flow path of the bulk material by means of the measuring units (20). [3] Measuring arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a third subset of the measuring units is arranged for a predefined stationary arrangement on a device independent of the bulk material and / or wherein the plurality of measuring units (20) comprises at least a first group with measuring units having a first density or first mass or first external dimension, each with a relatively smaller value, in particular at least 30% smaller, and wherein the plurality of measuring units further comprises at least a second group with measuring units having a second density or second mass or second external dimension, each with a relatively larger value, in particular at least 30% larger, in particular in each case with respect to the density or porosity of the bulk material or with respect to the size of the bulk materials. [4] Measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective wireless measuring unit (20) is configured for inter-communication with at least one further wireless measuring unit; and / or wherein the respective wireless measuring unit (20) is configured for measurement data acquisition over a circumferential angle of at least 90° or at least 180°, in particular is configured for comprehensive measurement data acquisition in all three spatial directions; and / or wherein the respective wireless measuring unit (20) has a detection range of at least 3 cm to 50 cm; and / or wherein at least a subset of the measuring units (20) is configured for location-based acquisition of the measurement data such that the measurement data can be evaluated centrally with spatial resolution by the data hub (30). [5] Measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective wireless measuring unit (20) has a wireless communication range of at least 10 m, in particular at least 100 m; and / or wherein a measuring interval and / or a communication interval and / or a corresponding measuring / communication duration and / or a corresponding measuring / communication time of the respective measuring unit is adjustable, in particular by means of a control unit of the data hub; and / or the respective wireless measuring unit is configured for wireless communication based on at least one protocol from the following group: Sigfox; LPWAN, in particular NB-IoT; Bluetooth; ZigBee, CDMA, mobile network protocol, long-range WiFi protocol; and / or wherein a router functionality is integrated into the respective wireless measuring unit; and / or wherein the respective wireless measuring unit is configured for communication via Internet / gateway. [6] Measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring arrangement comprises a control unit (35) and is in control engineering connection with at least one process control, in particular with a process control for setting a conveying speed or for switching on / off a conveying device conveying bulk material and / or for controlling countermeasures. [7] Measurement method for decentralized acquisition of measurement data at a plurality of measurement points and for central evaluation of the measurement data with regard to at least one measurement parameter at the respective decentralized measurement point, wherein the measurement data are acquired by means of a plurality of wireless energy-autonomous communicating measurement units (20) each with at least one sensor element (21) and are transmitted energy-autonomously via at least one communication protocol to a data hub (30), characterized by, that the measurement data are acquired with a first subset of the measurement units in aleatorically free arrangement within a bulk (1) independently of the respective aleatorically free arrangement or aleatorically orientation of the measurement units in the bulk and with a second subset of the measurement units (20) set up for arrangement on the bulk, wherein the acquired and transmitted measurement data are evaluated by the data hub and stored in a data storage (36) of system-specific measurement data. [8] Measuring method according to the preceding method claim, wherein the plurality of measuring points are defined at least partially aleatorically by random free arrangement of the individual measuring units (20) within a / the bulk material, by autonomously positioning at least a subset of the measuring units within the bulk material by means of the bulk material. [9] Measuring method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the measurement data are acquired decentrally by a first subset of the measuring units (20) in an arrangement within the bulk material below the surface of the bulk material, and wherein the measurement data are further acquired decentrally by a second subset of the measuring units (20) in an arrangement on a surface of the bulk material; and / or wherein at least a subset of the measuring units are arranged in an arrangement outside the bulk material, in particular in an arrangement on at least one conveying device (3) and / or in an arrangement on at least one device (40) for initiating or controlling countermeasures in response to an evaluation of the measurement data with respect to at least one predefinable threshold value, in particular in each case in a stationary arrangement;and / or wherein transmission of measurement data also takes place between the individual measurement units (inter-communication), in particular between at least two subsets of the measurement units.; [10] Measurement method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the central evaluation of the measurement data is carried out to determine at least one controlled variable, in particular to determine a controlled variable for controlling at least one drive of at least one conveying device for bulk material; and / or wherein the evaluation of the measurement data is carried out at least with regard to moisture measurement parameters and / or temperature measurement parameters and / or particle density measurement parameters. [11] A measurement method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of local individual measurement parameters from the following group are recorded and evaluated: (air) humidity, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, sound level, acceleration, pressure, particle density, gas composition or gas density, position, in particular with regard to a course of the measurement parameter over an interval of at least a few minutes, hours or days; and / or wherein the evaluation of the measurement data is carried out with individual spatial resolution at least with respect to a subset of the measurement units; and / or wherein at least one externally available, extra-system, already recorded and readable measurement parameter is taken into account during the evaluation, in particular a location-specific temperature or humidity or wind speed; and / or wherein the evaluation is carried out with respect to at least one threshold value;and / or wherein the evaluation is spatially resolved and wherein a spatially resolved measurement data profile is created for the entire bulk material (1), in particular with reference to the density and / or spatially resolved distribution of the measurement units; and / or wherein the acquisition and / or the transmission is each dependent on at least one threshold value and / or each based on at least one predefinable temporal clocking, in particular in temporal dependence of the measurement units (20) on each other.; [12] Use of a measuring arrangement according to claim 1 with a plurality of decentrally arranged measuring units, wherein the decentralized measuring units communicate the acquired measurement data to a data hub (30) for central evaluation, wherein a first subset of the measuring units are freely arranged for aleatory positioning within a bulk material in each individual aleatory arrangement, and wherein a second subset of the measuring units are used in an arrangement on the bulk material for acquiring and transmitting the measurement data. [13] Method for controlling the material flow during the relocation of bulk material (2), wherein at least one drive (3.1) of at least one conveying device is controlled and regulated depending on measurement data acquired aleatorically within the bulk material decentrally by a first subset of measuring units (20) and by a second subset of measuring units (20) arranged on the bulk material according to the measuring method according to claim 7. [14] Method for monitoring and controlling environmental parameters during the material flow of bulk material (2), wherein, depending on predefinable environmental parameters, at least one countermeasure is initiated or controlled, a countermeasure from the group consisting of: moisture regulation, reduction of material turnover (flow rate), stopping the bulk material displacement, switching on or controlling at least one air extraction system, wherein, by means of a data hub (30), a data comparison is carried out between measurement data, which are acquired by means of a first subset of measuring units (20) arranged in an aleatorically free arrangement within a bulk material (1) and by means of a second subset of measuring units (20) arranged on the bulk material (1) according to the measuring method according to claim 7 and transmitted to the data hub, and the environmental parameters.

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