Method or system for analyzing objects

Abstract

A method for analyzing objects (2), in particular metal parts and / or aluminum scrap, wherein at least one feeding means (3), at least one first analysis laser (4.1) and at least one spectrometer (5) is provided and / or available, wherein the objects (2) are fed, in particular conveyed, by means of the feeding means (3) and the objects (2) move along a trajectory (6) from one end (3.e) of the feeding means (3) for analysis, in particular being dropped from the feeding means (3), wherein a first laser beam (4.1.s) with a first focal point (4.1.p) is generated by means of the first analysis laser (4.1), wherein the analysis laser (4.1) is aligned and / or is aligned with respect to the feeding means (3) such that the objects (2) during their respective movement along their respective trajectory (6) encounter the laser beam (4.1.s) in the region of the focal point. (4.1.p) fly through, passing through a field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is directed and / or directed onto a region of the trajectory (6) of the objects (2), wherein the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1) lies within the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein plasmas of the objects (2) are generated by means of the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1), and wherein emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer (5), characterized in that the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is realized by means of an open fiber end (5.ofe) of an optical fiber (5.of), that emissions of the plasmas generated by the first analysis laser (4.1) on the objects (2) are recorded by means of the open fiber end (5.ofe), that a second laser is provided and / or present, wherein the second laser is a second analysis laser (4.2) is designed and / or executed or is used accordingly, whereby a second laser beam (4.2.) is generated using the second laser (4.2.s) is generated with a second focal point (4.2.p), wherein the second laser (4.2, 4.2') is aligned and / or is aligned with the feeder (3) such that the objects (2) during their respective movement on their respective trajectories (6) pass through the second laser beam (4.2.s) in the region of the second focal point (4.2.p) such that the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2.s) lies in the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are aligned and / or are aligned with each other such that the first focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) is spaced apart from the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2), wherein the focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or by means of the focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2) Plasmas of the objects (2) are generated, and wherein emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed using the spectrometer (5), i.e., the emissions of the objects (2) generated by the second focal point (4.2.p) are also recorded using the open fiber end (5.ofe), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are aligned to each other such that the first focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2) lie on a substantially perpendicular (S) to the trajectory (6) of the objects (2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for analyzing objects with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a system for analyzing objects with the features of the preamble of claim 11.

[0002] Such methods and systems for analyzing and, in particular, sorting objects are used, for example, especially during the recycling of objects. The objects to be analyzed and / or sorted can include, in particular, metal parts, metal scrap, especially aluminum scrap, ore chunks, batteries, packaging, waste, or the like.

[0003] A corresponding method and system for analyzing objects is known from EP 3 352 919 B1. The objects leave a feeder designed as a chute along a specific trajectory and are analyzed during flight and sorted accordingly based on the analysis. For the analysis, an analysis laser and a spectrometer are arranged below the trajectory. Furthermore, a pre-cleaning laser (ablation laser) is provided to clean the objects before analysis. The analysis laser and the pre-cleaning laser are arranged parallel or at an angle to each other. The emission of the plasma generated on the object by the pre-cleaning laser is not detectable by the spectrometer.A baffle plate is positioned between the two lasers, and specifically between the pre-cleaning laser and the spectrometer. This baffle plate intercepts any emissions initiated by the pre-cleaning laser on the object before they can reach the spectrometer. The pre-cleaning laser thus serves only for pre-cleaning or ablation of the object. In contrast, the emission of the plasma generated on the object by the analysis laser is detectable by the spectrometer and used for object analysis. The plasma generated by the analysis laser is produced at the area of ​​the object pre-cleaned by the pre-cleaning laser, ensuring that the object itself, or rather its material, and not any contaminants on the object, are analyzed by the spectrometer.In other words, a focal point of the analysis laser lies within the spectrometer's field of view, while a focal point of the pre-cleaning laser lies outside the spectrometer's field of view. The analysis laser has a pulse repetition rate of 50 kHz or higher. With each laser pulse, an impact crater is created on the object to generate the plasma at a measurement point. At this high pulse repetition rate, overlaps of at least two impact craters can occur. Two successive laser pulses then strike the object, at least partially, in the same area. In the device known in the prior art, the feed mechanism has several feed tracks, each associated with a laser and / or a corresponding blow-off nozzle, the blow-off nozzles being arranged in a so-called nozzle bar.

[0004] The previously described known method or system is not yet optimally designed. The known spectrometer features imaging optics through which the emissions or radiation enter the spectrometer. Due to these optics, the spectrometer has a limited, small field of view, meaning that even inaccuracies in its adjustment can lead to significant malfunctions. Furthermore, chromatic aberrations occur at the collimator of the imaging optics, where emissions of different wavelengths are refracted to varying degrees. However, the collimator cannot be focused for every wavelength simultaneously. This, in turn, leads to problems in evaluating the spectrometer's measurement results, potentially resulting in the inaccurate determination of the material of the object being analyzed.is subject to corresponding error tolerances.

[0005] For example, WO 2011 / 154646 describes a method for analyzing and / or sorting objects. In this method, detection signals are transmitted via optical fibers to an analysis device. Using LIBS technology, plasmas are generated, and a portion of the plasma light, or the detection signal, is coupled into the optical fiber. The analysis zone is formed by a comb of laser beams, through which the objects are analyzed as they pass.

[0006] For example, US patent 2022 / 0072589 A1 describes a method for analyzing and / or sorting objects sliding down a chute, using an analysis laser and an ablation laser. At the end of the chute, the detected objects are sorted out according to the detection signals obtained.

[0007] However, the methods known in the state of the art are not yet optimally developed; in particular, the detection recognition or the analysis of the objects can be improved from a cost perspective and / or quality requirements.

[0008] The invention is therefore based on the objective of designing and / or further developing the known method and / or system for analyzing objects in such a way that the analysis of the objects is improved, in particular whereby the material of the objects is correctly determined or determinable with greater certainty, and in particular any higher costs are avoided.

[0009] This problem underlying the invention is now first solved by a method for analyzing objects with the features of claim 1.

[0010] A key aspect of the invention is essentially that the spectrometer's field of view is realized through an open fiber end of an optical fiber.

[0011] Such an open fiber end is particularly easy and cost-effective to manufacture. Furthermore, the open fiber end is less sensitive to inaccuracies in spectrometer calibration, especially compared to a conventional collimator, because it offers a significantly larger field of view. Additionally, the chromatic aberrations that occur with a collimator can be successfully avoided with the open fiber end, as it captures emissions of different wavelengths with the same intensity ratios as those emitted by the plasma. This is particularly advantageous when the intensity captured by the open fiber end fluctuates due to variations in the distance between the plasma and the fiber end.The latter cannot be avoided due to the sometimes complex geometries of the objects. However, the different intensities can then be clearly recorded, especially without distorting the intensity ratios, when using an open fiber end (without a collimator), and / or assigned to the different distances. The open fiber end is positioned so close to the objects' trajectory that the emissions reach it with a sufficiently high intensity for accurate measurement. The emissions of the plasmas generated by the analysis laser at the objects are therefore recorded using the open fiber end. The open fiber end is thus less sensitive to adjustment than a collimator, whose precise alignment across multiple feed / measurement tracks is highly problematic.The field of view of the open fiber end is large enough, especially without a lens, to completely capture a plasma, even if the position of the plasma changes slightly due to the surface shape of the object.

[0012] The generation of plasmas produces radiation, particularly electromagnetic radiation, especially light with specific wavelengths. The respective wavelength and / or intensity spectrum is characteristic of the material of the objects. This radiation, originating from the plasmas, ultimately reaches the spectrometer or its sensors for analysis. This radiation, particularly electromagnetic radiation, specifically the corresponding light with its specific wavelengths, is referred to here as the plasma emission. This emission allows for the determination of the materials used in the objects.

[0013] The plasma emissions, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, are initially transmitted from the plasmas to the open end of the fiber. At this open end, the emissions, or radiation, are coupled into the optical fiber. In other words, the emissions, or radiation, enter the optical fiber directly at the open end. The optical fiber then transmits the emissions, or radiation, to a sensor in the spectrometer, where the emissions, or radiation, are converted into electrical signals by the sensor(s).

[0014] A second laser is used to generate a second laser beam with a second focal point. This second laser is aligned with the feeder such that the objects, during their respective movements along their trajectories, pass through the second laser beam in the region of the second focal point. The second laser is designed and / or configured as a second analysis laser, or is used accordingly. The second focal point of the second analysis laser also lies within the spectrometer's field of view, specifically within the field of view formed by the open end of the optical fiber. The first analysis laser and the second analysis laser are, respectively,are then aligned to each other in such a way that the first focal point of the first analysis laser is spaced apart from the second focal point of the second analysis laser, whereby plasmas of the objects are generated by means of the first focal point of the first analysis laser and / or by means of the second focal point of the second analysis laser, and wherein the emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer.

[0015] In this way, even objects with more complex geometries, especially non-flat objects, can be optimally analyzed as desired. The type of material of the objects is determined with a high degree of certainty. Plasma is generated at a multitude of measuring points on the respective object using the respective analysis lasers, and the emissions of all these plasmas are preferably evaluated using the spectrometer. If, due to the complex geometry of the object to be analyzed, no evaluable plasma is generated by one of the two analysis lasers, the preferred embodiment of the method ensures that at least one evaluable plasma is generated with a high probability using the other of the two analysis lasers.It should be noted at this point that the focal points have a certain spatial extent and are generated in particular by a corresponding bundling of the laser beams emitted by the analysis lasers.

[0016] The first analysis laser and the second analysis laser are aligned in such a way that the focal point of the first analysis laser and the focal point of the second analysis laser are spaced apart from each other on a line essentially perpendicular to the trajectory of the objects.

[0017] The number of measurement points at which a plasma suitable for analysis using the spectrometer is generated can thus be further increased. This further enhances the reliability of an accurate analysis of the objects' material composition. In other words, the specific material of the objects can be determined with a high degree of accuracy.

[0018] The emissions of the plasmas generated at the objects by the first and / or second analysis lasers are captured via the open end of the fiber optic cable. These plasma emissions, primarily electromagnetic radiation, travel from the plasmas to the open end of the fiber. The emissions are then coupled directly into the optical fiber at the open end. In other words, the emissions enter the optical fiber at the open end. The optical fiber then transmits the emissions to a sensor or sensors of the spectrometer, where they can be analyzed.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the method, pulses with a specific pulse repetition rate are emitted by means of the first analysis laser and / or the second laser. The value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds to a specific value of the velocity of the objects upon exiting the feed medium in m / s, multiplied by a specific factor, in particular a factor of at least 15. Specifically, the first analysis laser and / or the second laser have a specific pulse repetition rate. Both analysis lasers have a pulse repetition rate of, in particular, at least 20 kHz, and in particular, at least 45 kHz.

[0020] With these pulse repetition rate values ​​and corresponding, and in particular determined, focal point diameter values, an overlap of two successive pulses from the respective analysis lasers occurs at the objects. Any cleaning or pre-ablation of the respective object is then fundamentally already carried out by means of a preceding pulse from one of the analysis lasers, whereby the subsequent pulse then enables the precise determination of the respective material of the object with a high degree of certainty.

[0021] The first analysis laser and / or the second laser, namely the second analysis laser, advantageously include an alignment device. If necessary, the orientation of the associated laser, and thus the location of the associated focal point, is changed by means of each alignment device. In particular, the spatial arrangement of the two focal points of the first analysis laser and the second laser relative to each other and in relation to the field of view of the spectrometer can be changed and / or adjusted.

[0022] This approach significantly increases the method's operational flexibility. The various configurations can be quickly adjusted, and in some cases, alignments can even be performed while the system is running. This allows the laser alignment relative to each other and to the spectrometer's field of view to be adapted and / or optimized depending on the type of objects being analyzed. For example, it is possible to detect objects during their movement using the feeder or on the feeder itself with an additional detection device / sensor, such as a camera, and / or to analyze their geometry, size, and / or position on the feeder. This analysis then allows the lasers to be optimally aligned relative to each other and to the spectrometer's field of view, particularly automatically by controlling the actuators of the alignment devices.

[0023] In the preferred embodiment or configuration of the method, a sorting device is provided and / or available, wherein the objects are then sorted and / or removed into at least two different categories, in particular by means of an air jet, based on the measurement data generated by the spectrometer, in particular depending on a determined specific material of the objects.

[0024] This sorting simplifies subsequent recycling of the objects, for example, since objects made of the same material are easier to recycle.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the method, at least one control unit and / or computer is provided and / or present. The feed device, in particular a conveyor belt, and especially its drive, is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit and / or computer, in particular the speed of the conveyor belt. The first analysis laser is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit and / or computer. The second laser, namely the second analysis laser, is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit and / or computer. The spectrometer is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit and / or computer or is effectively connected to the control unit and / or computer via data transmission. The measurement data generated by the spectrometer are evaluated by the control unit and / or computer, and in particular the material of the objects is determined using this data.In particular, the sorting device is then controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit and / or the computer.

[0026] For controlling the first analysis laser and / or the second laser, namely the second analysis laser, a first and / or a second control module is provided and / or present, wherein the first analysis laser and / or the second laser and / or the first and / or second control module is designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or as part of a LIBS system. In particular, the optical fiber, especially including the open fiber end, and / or the spectrometer is / are designed and / or configured as part of the LIBS system. The control modules for the first and / or the second laser can be functionally and / or structurally part of the control unit and / or the computer, and in particular be integrated into the control unit and / or the computer. The control unit and / or the computer is also designed and / or constitutes an essential component of the LIBS system.

[0027] In a further embodiment of the method, additional detection means are provided and / or available, with which the geometry and / or size and / or position of the objects on the feeding device can be determined. In particular, a corresponding camera system is provided and / or effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer.

[0028] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by a system for analyzing objects with the features of claim 11.

[0029] A key aspect of the invention is that the spectrometer's field of view is realized through an open fiber end of an optical fiber.

[0030] Such an open fiber end is particularly easy and cost-effective to manufacture. Furthermore, the open fiber end, especially compared to using a collimator positioned in front of the fiber end, is insensitive to inaccuracies in spectrometer calibration because it offers a significantly larger field of view. Additionally, the open fiber end effectively avoids the chromatic aberrations typically encountered with a collimator, as it captures emissions of different wavelengths with the same intensity ratios as those emitted by the plasma. This is particularly advantageous when the intensity captured by the open fiber end fluctuates due to varying distances between the plasma and the fiber end.The latter cannot be avoided due to the sometimes complex geometries of the objects. However, when using the open fiber end (without a collimator), the different intensities can be clearly recorded, especially without distorting the intensity ratios, and / or assigned to the different distances. The open fiber end is positioned so close to the objects' trajectory that the emissions reach it with a sufficiently high intensity for accurate measurement. The emissions of the plasmas generated by the analysis laser at the objects can therefore be recorded using the open fiber end.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment of the system, a preferred distance between the open fiber end and the end of the feeding device, particularly up to the discharge edge of the feeding device, has a specific value, particularly less than 350 mm, and more specifically between 50 mm and 200 mm. At these distance values, a sufficiently high intensity of emissions entering the open fiber end is reliably achieved.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the system, the open fiber end has a numerical aperture with a value of 0.14 to 0.28, particularly 0.18 to 0.24. The full "opening angle" of the open fiber end is particularly 15 to 50 degrees, and especially between 20 and 30 degrees.

[0033] The optical fiber is preferably designed as a so-called step-index fiber, in particular as a multimode fiber. This allows several modes of the radiation received by the optical fiber to propagate within the fiber, be detected, and / or transmitted to the spectrometer.

[0034] In another embodiment of the system, the optical fiber has a quartz glass core and a cladding. In particular, the cladding has an outer acrylate coating and a fluorine-doped intermediate layer.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the system, the optical fiber has a core diameter of 50 µm to 700 µm, particularly 400 µm to 600 µm. Such core diameters ensure that the optical fiber is sufficiently flexible to allow the open end of the fiber to be positioned as desired and to effectively connect the optical fiber to other functional elements, such as a spectrometer evaluation unit or the spectrometer itself. Furthermore, this core diameter also affects the sufficiently high intensity of the radiation coupled into the optical fiber for measurement, with a substantially quadratic relationship between the amount of coupled radiation and the core diameter.

[0036] Furthermore, a second laser is provided and / or present, wherein the second laser is designed and / or implemented as a second analysis laser, wherein a second laser beam with a second focal point can be generated by means of the second laser, and wherein the second laser is aligned to the feeder such that the objects, during their respective movement on their respective trajectory, pass through the second laser beam in the area of ​​the second focal point.

[0037] Here, the second focal point of the second analysis laser is also located within the spectrometer's field of view. The first and second analysis lasers are aligned such that the first focal point of the first analysis laser is spaced apart from the second focal point of the second analysis laser, whereby plasmas of the objects can be generated using the first focal point of the first analysis laser and / or the second focal point of the second analysis laser, and the emissions of these plasmas can be spectroscopically analyzed using the spectrometer.

[0038] In this way, even objects with more complex geometries, especially those with complex three-dimensional geometries, and particularly non-flat objects, can be analyzed as desired. The type of material of the objects can be determined with a high degree of certainty. Using the two analysis lasers, a corresponding plasma can be generated at a multitude of measuring points on the respective object, and the emissions of these plasmas can be evaluated using the spectrometer. If, due to a very complex geometry of the object to be analyzed, an evaluable plasma cannot be generated using one of the two analysis lasers, it is highly likely that an evaluable plasma can be generated using the other of the two analysis lasers.

[0039] The first and second analysis lasers are aligned such that the first focal point of the first laser and the second focal point of the second laser are positioned one above the other, essentially perpendicular to the object's trajectory. The first focal point of the first laser thus has a different vertical distance to the end, particularly to the discharge edge of the feeder or to a horizontal plane running through the end of the feeder, than the second focal point of the second laser. This further increases the number of measurement points at which a plasma suitable for spectrometry can be generated. Consequently, the reliability of an accurate and reliable analysis of the object material is also enhanced.

[0040] The spectrometer therefore now features an optical fiber with an open end for recording and / or determining and / or detecting the emissions of the plasmas generated by the first and / or second analysis lasers on the objects. The spectrometer's field of view is thus exclusively defined by the open end of the optical fiber.

[0041] Such an open fiber end is particularly easy to manufacture. Furthermore, the open fiber end, especially compared to the use of a collimator in front of the fiber end, is insensitive to inaccuracies in the spectrometer's alignment, as it offers a significantly larger field of view. Additionally, the chromatic aberrations that occur at a collimator can be successfully avoided with an open fiber end, since emissions of different wavelengths are recorded with the same intensity ratios. This is also advantageous when the intensity recorded by the open fiber end fluctuates due to varying distances of the plasmas from the fiber end. This fluctuation is unavoidable due to the sometimes complex geometries of the objects.The different intensities can then be clearly recorded using the open fiber end, particularly without distorting the intensity ratios, and / or assigned to the different distances. The open fiber end is positioned so close to the trajectory of the objects that the emissions reach it with a sufficiently high intensity for accurate measurement.

[0042] In a further embodiment of the system, the first analysis laser and / or the second laser, namely the second analysis laser, have a pulse repetition rate. The value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds to a specific value of the velocity of the objects upon exiting the feed medium in m / s, multiplied by a specific factor, in particular a factor of at least 15. If a first and a second analysis laser are used, the pulse repetition rates are in particular at least 20 kHz, and in particular at least 45 kHz for at least one or for both of the respective analysis lasers.

[0043] In a further embodiment or configuration of the system, the first focal point of the first analysis laser and / or the second focal point of the second laser has a focal point diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, in particular of 0.15 mm.

[0044] With these pulse repetition rate and focal point diameter values, an overlap of two consecutive pulses occurs. Any necessary cleaning or pre-ablation of the respective objects is then additionally performed using one of the respective analysis lasers, namely by means of a preceding pulse, whereby the subsequent pulse enables the correct and / or accurate determination of the object's material.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the system, the first analysis laser has a first lens for generating the first focal point and the second laser has a second lens for generating the second focal point, wherein the first lens and the second lens each have the same focal length, in particular from 250 mm to 400 mm.

[0046] To ensure that the first focal point of the first analysis laser is spaced apart from the second focal point of the second laser, the two lasers are also positioned offset from each other. However, this offset is not strictly necessary; an identical or parallel arrangement of the lasers is also conceivable. When using analysis lasers with the same focal length, two identical analysis lasers can be used, which also results in cost advantages when procuring the analysis lasers.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment of the system, the first lens of the first analysis laser and the second lens of the second laser have different focal lengths, in particular where one value of the focal length of the second lens is 5% to 10% smaller or larger than a value of the focal length of the first lens. In this way, the two lasers can be arranged very close to each other, while still allowing for sufficient spacing between the focal points of the two lasers.

[0048] In a first preferred embodiment of the system, the first analysis laser, the second laser, and the spectrometer are arranged above the trajectory of the objects. This allows the two lasers and the spectrometer to be positioned particularly close to the end of the feeder and thus particularly close to the beginning of the objects' trajectory.

[0049] In a further preferred embodiment of the system, the first analysis laser, the second laser, and the spectrometer are arranged below the trajectory of the objects. Arranging the lasers below the trajectory of the objects is particularly advantageous because the contact points of the objects on the conveying medium lie in the same plane, thus initially making the distance to the respective lenses, especially the distance to the lens of the first analysis laser and also to the second analysis laser, known. Furthermore, this arrangement enables a particularly compact configuration of all system components.

[0050] Advantageously, the first analysis laser and / or the second laser each have an alignment device. Each alignment device allows the orientation of the associated laser, and thus the location of the corresponding focal point, to be changed. In particular, the spatial arrangement of the two focal points of the first analysis laser and the second laser relative to each other and in relation to the spectrometer's field of view can be changed, adjusted, and / or adapted, depending on the application.

[0051] This further increases the system's operational flexibility. The different configurations can be quickly adjusted, and in some cases even automatically during system operation. However, the alignment of the lasers relative to each other and to the spectrometer's field of view, depending on the type of objects being analyzed, can be adjusted and / or optimally configured before the system is started.

[0052] In particular, the objects are detected on the feeding device by means of a further detection device / sensor, e.g., a camera, in order to analyze their geometry and / or size and / or position, especially to optimally control the sorting device, in particular the blow-out nozzle and / or the lasers. The feeding device can be designed as a V-shaped or curved conveyor belt or as a V-shaped or curved chute. The feeding device enables the individual feeding of objects into the measuring area or into the area of ​​the focal points. The objects are already singulated before being fed by the feeding device. In particular, if the feeding device is designed as a conveyor belt, especially as a V-shaped conveyor belt, individual feeding of the objects is possible.This enables individual, sequential drops of the objects from the discharge edge of the conveyor belt, whereby the first and / or second analysis lasers are controlled accordingly based on the previously determined position of the respective object on the conveyor belt and the known speed of the conveyor belt. In the highly preferred embodiment or configuration of the method, the lasers are already aligned with the measuring area and / or the expected trajectory of the objects before the system is operated, and are also permanently activated during the execution of the method.

[0053] In a further version and / or design, it is also conceivable that the lasers are aligned to each other and in relation to the field of view of the spectrometer, especially automatically via the control of actuators during operation, particularly after the size of the object to be analyzed has already been recorded and determined.

[0054] The angle between the first and second laser beams of the first analysis laser and the second laser preferably has a value of less than 30°, and particularly less than 20°. This allows both laser beams of the analysis lasers to be aligned at a small angle, especially to a perpendicular to the spectrometer. The perpendicular to the spectrometer forms, in particular, an axis of symmetry of the spectrometer's field of view and is perpendicular to the open fiber end. This ensures that the plasma emissions of the two analysis lasers are detected with sufficient intensity and can be analyzed by the spectrometer.

[0055] In a highly preferred embodiment of the system, the feeding means is designed, in particular, as a driven conveyor belt. It is also conceivable that, in a further embodiment, the feeding means is designed as a chute, in particular as a chute with a V-shaped or curved cross-section.

[0056] The use of a conveyor belt as a feeding device is particularly advantageous because it further simplifies the analysis of the objects. The speed of the objects is precisely known due to the known, adjustable conveyor belt speed. Because of the known speed of the conveyor belt and / or the objects, the overlap of the impact craters of the pulsed analysis lasers is also known; in particular, the overlap can be adjusted to a value advantageous for the analysis of the objects.

[0057] In another embodiment of the system, the conveyor belt is essentially horizontally aligned. This prevents objects from slipping or sliding on the conveyor belt. The term "essentially" in this context means that a slight deviation from the horizontal alignment, e.g., by a few degrees, particularly ≤ 10 degrees, is permissible, especially if slippage of the objects on the conveyor belt is still prevented.

[0058] Using a chute as a feeding device can also be advantageous because, when using a chute, no separate drive and therefore no energy is required to move the objects. The movement on the chute occurs solely due to the objects' own gravity.

[0059] In a further advantageous embodiment of the system, a sorting device is provided and / or present. Based on the measurement data generated by the spectrometer, particularly depending on the specific material of the objects, the objects can be sorted into at least two different categories, particularly by means of an air jet, and then sorted according to their respective categories. This sorting simplifies subsequent recycling of the objects, as objects made of the same material are easier to recycle.

[0060] In one embodiment or configuration of the system, at least one control unit and / or computer is provided and / or present. The control unit and / or computer is effectively connected, in particular, to the feed mechanism designed as a conveyor belt, especially to its drive for controlling its speed, for the purpose of controlling and / or regulating it. The control unit and / or computer is effectively connected to the first analysis laser for the purpose of controlling and / or regulating it. The control unit and / or computer is effectively connected to the second laser for the purpose of controlling and / or regulating it. The control unit and / or computer is effectively connected, in terms of control and / or data transmission, to the spectrometer.The control unit and / or computer enable the evaluation of measurement data generated by the spectrometer, and in particular, the respective material and / or material composition of the objects can be determined. Specifically, the control unit and / or computer is effectively connected to the sorting device for its control and / or regulation. A first and / or a second control module is provided and / or present for controlling the first analysis laser and / or the second laser. Specifically, the first analysis laser and / or the second laser is designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or as part of a LIBS system. Specifically, the optical fiber and / or the open fiber end and / or the spectrometer are also designed and / or configured as part of the LIBS system.The control modules for the lasers can be functionally and / or structurally integrated as part of the control unit and / or the computer, and are particularly present there as integrated process components. The control unit and / or the computer are also integrated as part of the LIBS system.

[0061] In particular, further detection means are provided and / or available with which the geometry and / or size and / or position of the fed objects on the feeding device can be determined; in particular, a corresponding camera system is provided and / or is effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer in terms of control technology.

[0062] In this way, automation of the system is made possible and the manual operating effort of the system can be minimized.

[0063] The corresponding system for analyzing and / or sorting objects, in particular the feeding device present here, has at least one feed track for feeding the respective objects. In the highly preferred embodiment, the feeding device for feeding and / or conveying the objects has several feed tracks, wherein each feed track is then assigned at least one first analysis laser and one viewing field of a spectrometer, and in particular, each feed track is therefore assigned an optical fiber with an open fiber end. In a highly preferred embodiment, each feed track is also assigned a separate spectrometer; in particular, each optical fiber is therefore connected to a corresponding separate spectrometer.The respective feed tracks can be configured as physically and / or mechanically separated feed tracks on the feeder, or several single-track feeders can be provided. In a preferred embodiment, the feeder is configured as a conveyor belt with a sufficiently large width, on which several "virtually" separated feed tracks are configured, in particular by means of upstream singulation devices that distribute the objects across the width of the conveyor belt. It should be noted that, in the case of multiple feed tracks, the distance between the first adjacent analysis lasers is...The distance between the respective adjacent open fiber ends is, in particular, 20 to 200 millimeters, preferably 50 to 100 millimeters. Put another way, the distance between adjacent feed tracks is, in particular, 20 to 200 millimeters, preferably 50 to 100 millimeters. Especially if several feed tracks are formed, the sorting device then has several blow-off nozzles; in particular, the sorting device then has a corresponding nozzle bar that includes these aforementioned blow-off nozzles, with each feed track having at least one blow-off nozzle. A second laser, namely a second analysis laser, is also assigned to each feed track as a second laser. The above statements, especially regarding the distances between the second lasers arranged adjacent to each other, apply analogously; reference should also be made to this.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment, it can also be provided that objects that are not or only insufficiently identifiable can be returned to the feeding device by means of a return system. This return system includes, in particular, a further discharge nozzle or a second nozzle strip and / or further conveyor belts so that the aforementioned unidentified or insufficiently identified objects can be returned to the feeding device for further analysis.

[0065] There are now numerous possibilities for advantageously designing and further developing the inventive method for analyzing objects or the inventive system for analyzing objects. Reference is made here to the claims subordinate to claim 1 and to the claims subordinate to claim 11. In the following, a preferred embodiment of the inventive method for analyzing objects and the inventive system for analyzing objects will be explained and described in more detail with reference to the drawing and the accompanying description. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 In a highly simplified schematic representation, a first embodiment of the system according to the invention for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. 2 In a highly simplified schematic representation, a second embodiment of the system according to the invention for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. 3 In a highly simplified schematic representation, another embodiment of a system for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. 4 In a highly simplified schematic representation, another embodiment of a system for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. 5 In a highly simplified schematic representation, another embodiment of a system for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. 6 In a highly simplified schematic representation, another embodiment of a system for analyzing objects in a side view, Fig. Figure 7, in a highly simplified schematic representation, shows a further embodiment of a system for analyzing objects in a slightly perspective view, wherein the system shown here is in Fig. The system shown in section 7 has several feed tracks for feeding / conveying the objects, and Fig. Figure 8 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the invention for analyzing objects in a highly simplified schematic representation, in a slightly perspective view, almost corresponding to Figure 8. Fig. 1, where this is in Fig. The system shown in section 8 has several feed tracks for feeding / transporting the objects.

[0066] Fig. 1 to Fig. Figure 8 shows, in a highly simplified schematic representation, eight respective embodiments of a system 1 for analyzing objects 2.

[0067] The Fig. Figures 1 to 6 show respective embodiments or configurations of the system 1 in a side view, essentially showing only one feed track 10 formed on the feed means 3 for feeding the individual objects 2.

[0068] The Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 shows, in perspective, essentially some of the main components of system 1, with several feed tracks 10 visible, or rather, several feed tracks 10 being formed on the conveying medium 3. It should be noted at this point that, in particular, in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 not all components are shown, which are, for example, in the Fig. Figures 1 to 6 are shown. The corresponding explanations, especially regarding the Fig. 1 to 4, therefore, apply analogously and essentially also to those in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrated embodiments, where here in comparison to the Fig. Figures 1 to 6 show not just one, but several feed tracks 10; this should be noted. Essentially the same reference symbols are used in all figures for identical or similar components.

[0069] The inventive method for analyzing and / or sorting objects 2 described below is associated with the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. The 8 illustrated embodiments are essentially feasible.

[0070] This in Fig. 1 to Fig. The system 1 shown in Figure 8, or the method achievable with system 1, is suitable for various applications. With this system 1, or method, certain different objects 2 can be analyzed and / or sorted, in particular sorted out, such as metal parts, metal scrap, especially aluminum scrap, ore chunks, batteries, packaging, waste, or the like. System 1, or the method, is therefore particularly suitable for the separation and / or sorting of metal pieces, the recycling industry, and / or is used in the mining and extraction of ores and / or minerals. A multitude of applications are conceivable and possible. The most preferred application is the sorting of metal parts and / or aluminum scrap. In particular, when sorting aluminum scrap, sorting / selection into the various classes 1XXX - 8XXX according to the standard DIN EN 573-3 is possible.DIN EN 573-4 and within these classes, e.g., between 6005 and 6061, are possible. The aforementioned "classes" can, for example, form the different "categories" for sorting objects 2.

[0071] Initially, at least one feeding device 3, one analysis laser 4.1, and at least one spectrometer 5 are provided and / or present. The objects 2 are fed and / or moved, in particular conveyed, by means of the feeding device 3, in particular a measuring / analysis area, wherein the objects 2 move along a trajectory 6 from an end 3e of the feeding device 3 for analysis, in particular being dropped from the feeding device 3, the latter especially if the feeding device is designed as a driven or motor-driven conveyor belt.

[0072] A first laser beam 4.1.s with a first focus point 4.1.p is generated by the first analysis laser 4.1. The analysis laser 4.1 is aligned with the feeder 3 such that the objects 2, during their respective movements along their respective trajectories 6, pass through the laser beam 4.1.s in the region of the focus point 4.1.p. A field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 is and / or is aligned with a region of the trajectory 6 of the objects 2. The focus point 4.1.p of the analysis laser 4.1 is therefore located within the field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5.

[0073] Plasmas of objects 2 are generated using the focal point 4.1.p of the analysis laser 4.1. Emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed using the spectrometer 5.

[0074] The field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 is realized by an open fiber end 5.ofe of an optical fiber 5.of. The emissions of the plasmas generated by the analysis laser 4.1 at the objects 2 are recorded by means of the open fiber end 5.ofe.

[0075] The open fiber end 5.ofe initially saves costs, as it is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. The collimator used in the prior art is no longer necessary. In particular, the open fiber end 5.ofe is insensitive to inaccuracies in the adjustment of the spectrometer 5, and, compared to using a collimator (as in the prior art), it offers a significantly larger field of view. By achieving the field of view 5.s solely through the open fiber end 5.ofe of the optical fiber 5.of, the aforementioned advantages are realized and the disadvantages are avoided.

[0076] The following explanations, which are generally applicable to everyone, may now be made. Fig. Numbers 1 to 8 apply, however, with the difference that the one in the Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. The laser 4.2 shown in Figure 8 is designed and / or implemented here as an analysis laser 4.2, wherein the laser in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The laser 4.2' shown in Figure 6 is designed as an ablation laser 4.2'. In contrast, it shows Fig. Figure 7 shows only one laser, namely a first analysis laser 4.1, whereas in all other figures two lasers are provided, namely a first analysis laser 4.1 and a second laser, either a second analysis laser 4.2 or an ablation laser 4.2'. Taking these aspects into account, the following may now be considered in particular: Fig. 1 to 8 The following must be done: With the aid of a second laser 4.2 or 4.2', in particular a second analysis laser 4.2 or an ablation laser 4.2', a second laser beam 4.2.s with a second focal point 4.2.p is generated. The second analysis laser 4.2 is also aligned with the feeder 3 such that the objects 2, during their respective movements along their respective trajectories 6, pass through the second laser beam 4.2.s in the region of the second focal point 4.2.p. In the embodiments described in the figures, the second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' is located Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. 8 in the field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 or in the embodiments according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 outside the field of view of spectrometer 5 ( Fig. Figure 7 shows a -first- analysis laser 4.1 per feed lane 10).

[0077] The first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are aligned such that the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 is spaced apart from the second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2'. Plasmas of the objects 2 are generated using the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or using the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2. The emissions of these plasmas are then spectroscopically analyzed using the spectrometer 5.

[0078] It is conceivable that the spectrometer 5 and the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are arranged in a common housing; in particular, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' as well as the spectrometer 5 are designed as a LIBS system or are corresponding components of a LIBS system.

[0079] According to the invention, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.2 are aligned with each other such that the first focus point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focus point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2 lie one above the other on a substantially perpendicular line S to the trajectory 6 of the objects 2. Here, the term "substantially" means, in particular, that the corresponding virtual connecting line between the two focus points 4.1.p and 4.2.p can also have an inclination of up to + / - 15 degrees, and in particular up to + / - 10 degrees, relative to the perpendicular S. Here, the "perpendicular S" is a virtual line that is perpendicular to, or oriented perpendicular to, a specific and / or selected point on the known and / or predicted trajectory 6 of the objects 2. This situation is described in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as well as Fig. 8 shown, but the vertical S only in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is shown.

[0080] The first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' can, for example, also be aligned with each other such that the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' lie essentially horizontally next to each other – in the conveying direction of the objects 2. Here, the term "essentially" means, in particular, that the corresponding virtual connecting line between the two focal points 4.1.p and 4.2.p can also have an inclination of up to + / - 10 degrees, and especially up to + / - 5 degrees, relative to the horizontal.Here, the term "essentially lying side by side horizontally in the conveying direction of the objects 2" encompasses not only the first and second focal points that are arranged horizontally next to each other and lie directly at the height of the discharge edge 3e of the feeder 3, but also includes the first and second focal points that lie side by side on a horizontal plane, whereby the horizontal plane then has a certain vertical distance to the discharge edge 3e or runs parallel to the surface of a conveyor belt in the conveying direction. This situation is described in the following. Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 and shown.

[0081] In the preferred embodiment, the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are spaced apart from each other partly horizontally and partly vertically, and in particular are spaced apart from each other by a respective vertical and horizontal distance component. Specifically, the first focal point is then located "obliquely" below or "obliquely" above the second focal point (or vice versa), but according to the invention, they are superimposed on a substantially perpendicular line S to the trajectory 6 of the objects 2.

[0082] The spectrometer 5 now has an optical fiber 5.of with an open fiber end 5.ofe, or an optical fiber 5.of with an open fiber end 5.ofe is provided and / or present. The emissions of the plasmas generated by the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second analysis laser 4.2 at the objects 2 are recorded or detected by means of the open fiber end 5.ofe. Here, the spectrometer 5 is at least partially depicted schematically as a "box" in the figures, with arrows indicating that the spectrometer 5 is connected to the optical fiber 5.of accordingly.

[0083] The field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 is thus realized by the open fiber end 5.ofe of the optical fiber 5.of. The distance between the open fiber end 5.ofe and the end 3e of the feeder 3, in particular the discharge edge of the feeder 3, has a specific value, in particular less than 350 mm, and in particular between 50 mm and 200 mm. This distance is measured in particular between the open fiber end 5.ofe and the "discharge point" of the object 2 from the feeder 3, or the beginning of the trajectory 6 of the object 2.

[0084] The open fiber end 5.ofe has a numerical aperture with a value of 0.14 to 0.28, particularly from 0.18 to 0.24. A full opening angle of the open fiber end 5.ofe lies particularly in the range between 15 and 50 degrees, especially in the range of 20 to 30 degrees.

[0085] The optical fiber 5.of is designed as a "step-index fiber", in particular as a multimode fiber.

[0086] The optical fiber 5.of has in particular a quartz glass core and a cladding. In particular, the cladding has an outer acrylate coating and a fluorine-doped intermediate layer.

[0087] The optical fiber 5.of has a core diameter with a value of 50 µm to 700 µm, in particular from 400 µm to 600 µm.

[0088] Pulses with a specific pulse repetition rate are emitted by means of the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or by means of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2'. The value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds in particular to a specific value of the velocity of the objects 2 as they leave the feeder 3 in m / s multiplied by a specific factor, in particular a factor of at least 15. In the case that only a first analysis laser 4.1 is used in the respective embodiments (here in particular Fig. 7) is used, the first analysis laser 4.1 has, in particular, a pulse repetition rate of at least 20 kHz, and in particular of at least 45 kHz. In the case that a first analysis laser 4.1 is used in combination with a second analysis laser 4.2, these two lasers also have, in particular, the aforementioned pulse repetition rates. Finally, if a first analysis laser 4.1 is used in combination with an ablation laser 4.2' (see in particular Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), the ablation laser 4.2' has in particular a pulse repetition rate of at least 45 kHz, wherein the first analysis laser 4.1 can then have or has at least a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz or more.

[0089] In particular, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.2 are identical in construction. Specifically, they can also be installed together with other components of the LIBS system in a common housing.

[0090] In the Fig. 5 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the second laser depicted here is specifically designed as an ablation laser 4.2' and is also specifically configured as a component of the LIBS system. This second laser 4.2 or 4.2' of the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can therefore be installed in a common housing with the first analysis laser 4.1.

[0091] The first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' each have an alignment device 7. If necessary, the alignment of the associated analysis laser 4.1, 4.2 or ablation laser 4.2', and thus the location of the associated focal point 4.1.p, 4.2.p, is changed, set, and / or adjusted by means of each alignment device 7. In particular, the spatial arrangement of the two focal points 4.1.p, 4.2.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' relative to each other and in relation to the field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 is changed.

[0092] The alignment devices 7 are located here in the Fig. The positions of the analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2, or the second laser 4.2 and 4.2', are symbolized by arrows adjacent to them. It is conceivable that only one of the two analysis lasers 4.1 or 4.2, or the ablation laser 4.2', has an alignment device 7. Likewise, each laser could have its own alignment device 7. Furthermore, it is conceivable that only one alignment device 7 is provided and / or present, in which case this single alignment device 7 serves to move and align both analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2, or the first analysis laser 4.1 and the ablation laser 4.2'.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment or configuration of the system 1 or the method, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are aligned before the analysis and / or sorting process, in particular taking into account the structure and / or geometry and / or the expected size of the objects 2 to be analyzed and / or sorted. Once optimized, alignment of the first and / or second analysis laser 4.1 and 4.2 or the ablation laser 4.2' during the execution of the method is then no longer strictly necessary.

[0094] However, it is conceivable that the alignment of the first analysis laser and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' also takes place automatically during the process, particularly when, via further detection means 11, in particular a camera system, a different, in particular unexpected, more complex structure, geometry and / or size of the objects 2 to be analyzed and / or sorted on the feeder 3 is detected which lies outside the expected tolerance range of the objects 2 to be analyzed and / or sorted.

[0095] Furthermore, the spectrometer 5 itself could also have an analogous alignment device. Therefore, various types of alignment devices 7 are conceivable, e.g., with corresponding actuators, whereby such actuators could then also be controlled automatically.

[0096] In particular, the analysis lasers 4.1 and / or 4.2 or the ablation laser 4.2' are rotatable by means of the alignment devices 7 about an axis, in particular essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the objects 2 or about an axis that runs parallel to the axis of an unspecified deflection roller of the conveyor belt, and / or displaceable in a plane passing through the flight path 6 of the objects 2.

[0097] In the preferred embodiment, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2', and in particular the spectrometer 5, are manually aligned, for example, in corresponding slotted recesses of a frame, especially by means of screw connections, and then fixed and aligned accordingly. This is done, in particular, before the system 1 is put into operation or before the method is carried out.

[0098] A sorting device 8 is provided and / or present. The objects 2 are sorted into at least two different categories, particularly by means of an air jet, based on the measurement data generated by the spectrometer 5, in particular depending on a specific material of the objects 2. The sorting device 8 therefore has, in particular, at least one appropriately controllable blow-off nozzle.

[0099] Each category includes a container in which the objects 2 are collected and through which they can then be further processed, for example, recycled. Such containers or receptacles, or other conceivable means of conveying them for transport, are described here in the Fig. Numbers 1 to 8 are not shown further.

[0100] At least one control unit 9 and / or computer 9 is provided and / or present. In particular, the feed device 3, designed as a conveyor belt, and especially its speed, is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 9 and / or computer 9. The first analysis laser 4.1 is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 9 and / or computer 9. The second laser 4.2 or 4.2' is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 9 and / or computer 9. The spectrometer 5 is controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 9 and / or computer 9, or is effectively connected to the control unit 9 and / or computer 9 via data transmission. The measurement data generated by the spectrometer 5 are evaluated by the control unit 9 and / or computer 9, in particular to determine the specific material, e.g., a specific metal or plastic, of the respective objects 2.

[0101] In particular, the sorting device 8 is also controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit 9 and / or the computer 9; in particular, a blow-off nozzle of the sorting device 8 is controlled accordingly. Therefore, the sorting device 8 has a blow-off nozzle and is specifically designed as a nozzle bar with several blow-off nozzles.

[0102] A first and / or second control module (4.1.LM and 4.2.LM) is provided and / or present for controlling the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2'. The first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are specifically designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or as part of a LIBS system. In particular, the optical fiber (5.of) and / or the open fiber end (5.ofe) as well as the spectrometer (5) are also designed and / or configured as part of the LIBS system, or a LIBS system is formed by the aforementioned components, and therefore the objects 2 are analyzed by a LIBS method and sorted, in particular partially rejected, based on the determined measurement data.

[0103] The control modules 4.1.LM and 4.2.LM for the respective lasers are functionally and / or structurally designed, in particular, as part of the control unit and / or computer 9; in particular, the control unit and / or computer 9 is also designed as part or further component of the LIBS system.

[0104] In the preferred embodiment or configuration, further detection means 11 are provided and / or present, with the help of which the geometry and / or size and / or position of the supplied objects 2 on the supply means 3 can be determined, in particular a corresponding camera system is provided or present and / or effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer 9.

[0105] In particular, all components of the system 1 are controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit 9 and / or the computer 9, whereby optimization of the system 1 is easy to carry out by taking into account the dependencies of the various components on each other.

[0106] In the Fig. Figures 1 to 8 each represent a control-related connection and / or a data connection between the spectrometer 5, the two analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 or the ablation laser 4.2', and the control unit 9 and / or the computer 9. These connections are indicated by a line, which is only partially shown or partially interrupted. Theoretically, it is also conceivable that the respective components could be controlled and / or regulated separately, for example, by means of separate additional control units and / or computers.

[0107] In the Fig. 1 to 8 are - at least partially - the spectrometer 5 and the two analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 or the ablation laser 4.2' each represented by several schematic elements, whereby a connection between these respective elements e.g. for the transmission of data and / or energy is symbolized in particular by means of the partly broken lines shown here.

[0108] Regarding the presentation in the Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. 8. The following should also be noted: In the preferred embodiment, the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 and / or the control modules 4.1.LM and 4.2.LM, respectively, for the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 are configured as part of a LIBS system. In other words, the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 are specifically configured as LIBS analysis lasers, and the LIBS system also specifically includes the optical fiber 5.of and the control modules 4.1.LM and 4.2.LM, respectively. The LIBS system specifically includes the spectrometer 5 and, in particular, the control unit and / or the computer 9. Parts of these aforementioned components, especially the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2, as well as a portion of the optical fiber 5.of with the open fiber end 5.ofe, can be installed and / or arranged in a common housing; this should also be noted.

[0109] The above statements apply to the exemplary embodiments of the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 essentially analogous, except that here the second laser is designed and implemented as a 4.2' ablation laser. Also, the ones described here in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The 6 lasers shown, namely the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2', i.e. the ablation laser, are designed in particular as part of the LIBS system.

[0110] Fig. Figure 7 shows a respective analysis laser 4.1 and a respective open fiber end 5.ofe, in particular for a respective feed lane 10, i.e., one analysis laser 4.1 and one respective open fiber end 5.ofe per feed lane 10. Here in Fig. 7 (and Fig. 8) Not all components are shown, however the above statements apply essentially analogously, with particular emphasis also placed on the following: Fig. 7 the multitude of feed tracks 10 on the conveying medium 3 are recognizable and the first analysis laser 4.1 used here and the respective open fiber ends 5.ofe are designed and / or formed as part of a LIBS system, as previously described.

[0111] The following section will again refer to System 1 for analyzing objects 2 according to the different implementation examples of System 1 from the Fig. 1 to Fig. 8. This was discussed in more detail, or rather, described in more detail: System 1 for analyzing objects 2 is used in particular for carrying out the procedure described above.

[0112] System 1 for analyzing objects 2 comprises the feeder 3, the first analysis laser 4.1, and the spectrometer 5. The feeder 3 can also be referred to as a "conveyor." The objects 2 can be fed to or moved to the end of the feeder 3, particularly by means of a feeder 3 designed as a conveyor belt, using a corresponding measuring or analysis area.

[0113] In this case, the feeding means 3 is designed in such a way that the objects 2 can be singulated and / or the objects 2 can move singly one after the other from the end 3e of the feeding means 3 initially up to a measuring area or analysis area on their respective flight path 6.

[0114] In particular, the feeding device 3 can have a V-shaped cross-section to enable the singulation of the objects 2 and / or the individual transport of the objects 2. The feeding device 3 is therefore, in particular, designed as a conveyor belt with a V-shaped or curved cross-section. Alternatively, a chute with a V-shaped or curved cross-section is also conceivable.

[0115] From the end 3e, in particular from a drop edge, of the feeder 3, the objects 2 are moved on a trajectory 6 for their analysis, in particular the objects 2 are dropped from the feeder 3 and then move on and / or along a trajectory 6.

[0116] A first laser beam with a first focus point 4.1.p can be generated by means of a first analysis laser 4.1. The analysis laser 4.1 is aligned with the feeder 3 such that the objects 2, during their respective movements along their respective trajectories 6, pass through the laser beam 4.1.s in the region of the focus point 4.1.p.

[0117] Spectrometer 5 has a field of view of 5s. The field of view 5s of spectrometer 5 is directed towards a region of the trajectory 6 of the objects 2.

[0118] The field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 is now realized through the open fiber end 5.ofe of the optical fiber 5.of.

[0119] The first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 is located in the field of view of the spectrometer 5; this applies to all embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 8.

[0120] There is now a second Laser 4.2 in the Fig. 1 to 6 and Fig. 8 provided and / or present. The second laser 4.2 or 4.2' is now included in the exemplary embodiments of Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. 8 as a second analysis laser 4.2 and in the embodiments of the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is designed as an ablation laser 4.2'. By means of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2', a second laser beam 4.2.s with a second focal point 4.2.p can be generated. The second laser 4.2 or 4.2' is also aligned with the feeder 3 such that the objects 2, during their respective movement along their respective trajectories 6, pass through the second laser beam 4.2.s in the region of the second focal point 4.2.p.

[0121] The second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2, in particular the second analysis laser 4.2 at the Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. 8 is located in the field of view 5.s of spectrometer 5.

[0122] In the exemplary embodiments of the Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 provides a first analysis laser 4.1 and a second laser, designed as an ablation laser 4.2'. Essentially, the above statements apply analogously, with the exception that the second focal point 4.2.s of the second laser 4.2 is located in the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is outside the field of vision of 5.s.

[0123] At the in Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, a respective -first- analysis laser 4.1 is provided, which is assigned to the respective feed tracks 10. Fig. Figure 7 therefore shows several analysis lasers 4.1 arranged adjacent to each other and several optical fibers 5.of or optical fiber ends 5.ofe arranged adjacent to each other, each assigned to the respective feed tracks 10. Fig. Figure 8 shows a first analysis laser 4.1 and a second analysis laser 4.2 for each feed lane 10. Therefore, several lasers 4.1 / 4.2 or optical fibers 5.of and feed lanes 10 are present or configured, with each feed lane 10 being assigned at least one first and one second analysis laser 4.1 and 4.2 as well as one optical fiber end 5.ofe. It should be noted again at this point that the embodiments of the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 does not show all relevant components, which are, for example, in the Fig. 1 to 4 are shown. However, these corresponding components are analogous in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. This should also be provided for or available accordingly; it should be pointed out again.

[0124] The first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.2 are at the Fig. 1 to 4 as well as Fig. 8 are aligned relative to each other such that the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 is spaced apart from the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2. Plasmas of the objects 2 can be generated by means of the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or by means of the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2. The emissions of these plasmas can be analyzed spectroscopically by means of the spectrometer 5. According to the invention, the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.2 are aligned relative to each other such that the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2 are arranged one above the other on a substantially perpendicular line S to the trajectory 6 of the objects 2. This situation is described in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as well as Fig. 8 shown, where the vertical S is only in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is shown.

[0125] The first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.2 are, for example, aligned with each other such that the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2 are arranged essentially horizontally next to each other in the conveying direction of the objects 2. This situation is described in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shown. In the Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 the focal points of the lasers 4.1.p and 4.2.p there are also arranged essentially horizontally next to each other in the conveying direction of the objects 2, however, here the second laser is designed as an ablation laser 4.2', whereby the corresponding focal point 4.2.p lies outside the field of view 5.s of the optical fiber 5.ofe, this should also be pointed out again at this point.

[0126] In the highly preferred embodiment, the first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1. and the second focal point 4.2.p of the second analysis laser 4.2 are positioned partly vertically and partly horizontally relative to each other, i.e., spaced apart from each other by corresponding horizontal and / or vertical distances, or, put simply, the focal points are then obliquely offset from each other on a substantially perpendicular S to the trajectory 6 of the objects 2. This should also be noted.

[0127] The above statements regarding the Fig. 1 to 4 apply essentially analogously to the Fig. 5 to 6 with the proviso that here the second laser is not designed as an analysis laser, but as an ablation laser 4.2', whereby the two focal points, i.e. the first focal point 4.1.s of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second focal point 4.2.s of the second laser, namely the ablation laser 4.2', are essentially horizontally spaced apart from each other in the direction of conveyance of the objects 2, as in the Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 6 shows the second focal point 4.2.p, but it lies outside the field of view 5.s. The plasmas generated by the ablation laser 4.2' are therefore not analyzed by the spectrometer 5, because only the plasmas generated by the first analysis laser 4.1, or the emissions resulting therefrom, reach the sensors of the spectrometer 5 via the open fiber end 5.ofe.

[0128] The spectrometer 5 now has the optical fiber 5.of with the open fiber end 5.ofe, or an optical fiber 5.of is now provided and / or present, which in particular has exclusively an open fiber end 5.ofe for receiving the emissions of the plasmas generated by the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second analysis laser 4.2 on the objects 2.

[0129] The first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' have a pulse repetition rate. The value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds in particular to a specific value of the velocity of the objects 2 upon leaving the feed medium 3 in m / s multiplied by a specific factor, in particular a factor of at least 15.

[0130] The first focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second focal point 4.2.p of the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' has a focal point diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, in particular 0.15 mm. The respective focal point diameter is measured perpendicular to the respective laser beam 4.1.s or 4.2.s.

[0131] The first analysis laser 4.1 has a first lens for generating the first focal point 4.1.p, and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' has a second lens for generating the second focal point 4.2.p. The first and second lenses each have the same focal length, specifically between 250 mm and 400 mm. The lenses influence the focusing of the laser beams 4.1.s and 4.2.s, respectively, which affects the formation of the focal points 4.1.p and 4.2.p with respect to their spatial extent and also the intensity of the laser beams in the region of these focal points 4.1.p and 4.2.p.

[0132] Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the first lens and the second lens have different focal lengths, in particular where the focal length of the second lens is 5% to 10% smaller or larger than the focal length of the first lens.

[0133] The first analysis laser 4.1, the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' and the spectrometer 5 are according to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 or Fig. 6 is arranged above the flight path 6 of the objects 2. Above here refers to gravity, which also significantly influences the flight path 6 of the objects 2.

[0134] In the preferred embodiment, the first analysis laser 4.1, the second laser 4.2 or 4.2', and the spectrometer 5 are arranged below the trajectory 6 of the objects 2. This situation is described in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 as well as Fig. 5 and Fig. Figure 8 is shown. The term below is also used here in relation to gravity.

[0135] The first analysis laser 4.1 and / or the second laser, in particular the second analysis laser 4.2 or the ablation laser 4.2' according to the Fig. 1 to 6 respectively. Fig. 8 preferably includes an alignment device 7. By means of each alignment device 7, the alignment of the associated lasers 4.1, 4.2, and 4.2', and thus the location of the associated focal point 4.1.p and 4.2.p, respectively, can be changed, in particular adjusted. Specifically, the spatial arrangement of the two focal points 4.1.p and 4.2.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second analysis laser 4.1 relative to each other and in relation to the field of view 5.s of the spectrometer 5 can therefore be changed, adjusted, and / or adapted. In the preferred embodiment, the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 are aligned or adjusted, in particular manually, before the system 1 is put into operation, especially depending on the expected objects 2 to be analyzed, their expected size, and / or their expected trajectory 6. The above statements apply to the Fig. 5 to 6 are essentially analogous, except that here, instead of an analysis laser, an ablation laser 4.2' is provided as the second laser 4.2, and the second focal point 4.2.s of the second laser is not located in the field of view 5.s of the open fiber end 5.ofe. Fig. 7 only initial analysis lasers 4.1 are provided, whose focal point 4.1.p, however, lies in the field of view 5.s of the open fiber end 5.ofe of the fiber 5.of, as in Fig. 7 shown.

[0136] The angle between the first laser beam 4.1.s and the second laser beam 4.2.s has a value of less than 30°, in particular less than 20°.

[0137] The feeding means 3 is, according to the exemplary embodiments from the Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 in particular designed as a driven, especially flat, conveyor belt 3. The conveyor belt 3 is essentially horizontally oriented, in particular to prevent the objects 2 from slipping / shifting during transport on the conveyor belt.

[0138] In a highly preferred embodiment or configuration, the feeding means 3 is designed as a conveyor belt that is essentially flat, as for example in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 explicitly shown. In particular, with a flat conveyor belt, several feed lanes 10 can also be implemented, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0139] Alternatively, the feed device 3 could also be designed as a chute. Such a chute would then be inclined so that the objects 2 move along the chute surface, partially in the direction of gravity. Combinations of a conveyor belt and a chute to form a feed device 3 are also conceivable.

[0140] A sorting device 8 is provided and / or present. The objects 2 can be sorted into at least two different categories, particularly by means of an air jet, based on the measurement data generated by the spectrometer 5, especially depending on a determined specific material of the objects 2. Preferably, the sorting device 8 has a blow-out nozzle or is designed as a blow-out nozzle. The objects are therefore analyzed and, based on the results and the determined material of the objects 2 or based on the determined material composition of the objects 2, classified into different categories and sorted according to the respective category, and in some cases, specifically, sorted out.

[0141] For this purpose, at least one control unit and / or computer 9 is provided and / or present. The control unit 9 and / or computer 9 is effectively connected to the feeder 3, designed as a conveyor belt, for its control and / or regulation. The control unit 9 and / or computer 9 is effectively connected to the first analysis laser 4.1 for its control and / or regulation. The control unit 9 and / or computer 9 is effectively connected to the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' for its control and / or regulation. The control unit 9 and / or computer 9 is effectively connected to the spectrometer 5 for control and / or data transmission. The measurement data generated by the spectrometer 5 can be evaluated using the control unit 9 and / or computer 9, in particular to determine the respective material of the respective objects 2.In particular, the control unit 9 and / or the computer 9 is also effectively connected to the sorting device 8 for its control and / or regulation. Appropriate signal lines and / or data lines are provided for the implementation of the respective control and / or data connections. Signal and / or data transmission via radio, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth is also possible or conceivable.

[0142] To control the first analysis laser 4.1 and to control the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' according to the Fig. 1 to 8 are provided with and / or have a first and second control module 4.1.LM and 4.2.LM, wherein the first analysis laser 4.1 and the second laser 4.2 or 4.2' are designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or part of a LIBS system. In the Fig. 5 and Fig. In the embodiment of system 1 shown in Figure 6, a second analysis laser is not provided, but a second laser is designed as an ablation laser 4.2'; otherwise, the statements made above apply analogously.

[0143] Here, the optical fiber 5.of and / or the open fiber end 5.ofe and / or the spectrometer 5 are specifically designed and / or implemented as part of the LIBS system. The control modules 4.1.LM and 4.2.LM are, in particular, functionally and / or structurally, also part of the control unit and / or the computer 9. The control unit and / or the computer 9 are likewise specifically designed and implemented as part of the LIBS system.

[0144] Further detection means 11 are provided and / or available, with the aid of which the geometry and / or size and / or position of the objects 2 on the feeder 3 can be determined. In particular, a corresponding camera system is provided for this purpose and / or is effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer 9 via control technology.

[0145] The preceding statements generally refer to all those in the Fig. Examples 1 to 8 are shown. It should be noted again here that the Fig. Figures 1 to 6 essentially show a corresponding system 1 in side view with a feed track 10 visibly formed on the feed means 3. In contrast, the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in particular at least partially by way of example an embodiment or configuration of the system 1 with several feed tracks 10 formed on the feed means 3, which in this configuration are not physically and / or mechanically separated from one another, but are designed as “virtual” feed tracks 10, in particular now also realized by the fact that corresponding singulation devices, not shown here, which are arranged over the width of the feed means 3, are positioned upstream of the feed means 3. The Fig. The explanations and descriptions given in sections 1 to 6 therefore also apply in principle to the exemplary embodiments of the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 analog. To the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 explicitly, but now once again the following: In particular, it should be pointed out again that in the exemplary embodiments in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 not all components, which are, for example, in the Fig. Figures 1 to 4 are also explicitly shown / drawn, but the corresponding components, for example the sorting device and / or the detection means as well as the control unit and / or the computer etc., are also shown in the embodiments according to the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are available or planned.

[0146] Fig. Figure 8 shows a highly preferred embodiment or configuration of the system 1 according to the invention. The feeding means 3 has several feeding tracks 10 for feeding and / or conveying the objects 2. As the Fig. As can be seen in Figure 8, the individual feed tracks 10 are not physically and / or mechanically separated from each other, but are instead integrated into the feed mechanism. Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, this is achieved only by arranging several singulation devices at the beginning of the feeder 3, which is designed here in particular as a conveyor belt, distributed across its width. These singulation devices are shown here in Fig. 8, but not explicitly shown. This then realizes, in particular, the feed tracks 10 shown on the feed means 3 by dashed “lines 10”. In the preferred embodiment, the conveyor belt 3 is also flat.

[0147] As the Fig. As further clarified in Figure 8, each feed lane 10 is assigned a respective first and a respective second analysis laser 4.1 and 4.2. Furthermore, each feed lane 10 is assigned a respective viewing field 5.s of a spectrometer 5, in particular, each feed lane 10 is assigned a respective optical fiber 5.of with an open fiber end 5.ofe and / or a separate spectrometer 5, wherein the spectrometers 5 are in Fig. 8 (and also in Fig. 7) are not shown in detail. In particular, the preferred design of the [item] is then [not shown in detail]. Fig. 7 and Fig. In the embodiments shown in Figure 8, each optical fiber 5 is connected to a separate spectrometer 5, the spectrometers 5 being in turn connected to the control unit and / or the computer 9 for control, signal, and / or data transmission purposes. However, it is also conceivable that only one spectrometer is present, in which case the optical fibers of the feed tracks are connected to this single spectrometer.

[0148] The ones here in Fig. Figure 8, a highly preferred embodiment of the system 1 according to the invention, corresponds essentially to the Fig. 1. The to Fig. The statements made in point 1 apply to the Fig. 8 in a corresponding analogous manner. Furthermore, the Fig. 8, that the first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 shown here are arranged adjacent to each other, with the respective analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2 having a corresponding distance from each other. The same applies to the adjacent open fiber ends 5.ofe. The respective distances of the adjacent first and second analysis lasers 4.1 and 4.2, respectively, and the respective distances of the adjacent open fiber ends 5.ofe, are in the range of 20 to 200 millimeters, in particular in the range of 50 to 100 millimeters.

[0149] At the in Fig. In the highly preferred embodiment shown in Figure 8, the sorting device has, in particular, several blow-off nozzles and is especially designed as a nozzle bar. Each feed track 10 is therefore assigned at least one blow-off nozzle.

[0150] However, the Fig. 7 corresponding to Fig. 8 also a feeder 3, which is designed in particular as a flat conveyor belt, but here only one laser, namely a first analysis laser 4.1, is assigned to or arranged for each feeder track 10. An optical fiber 5.of with an open fiber end 5.ofe is also provided for each feeder track 10, and in particular a separate spectrometer, not shown here, is also provided for each feeder track 10. The focal point 4.1.p of the first analysis laser 4.1 lies in the field of view 5.s of the optical fiber 5.of, as the Fig. 7 is clearly evident. The above statements also apply essentially to the Fig. 7, with the exception that only one laser, namely an analysis laser 4.1, is provided for each feed track 10, whereby the method can be implemented accordingly with the respective components, some of which are not shown here, as explained above.

[0151] In a further embodiment or configuration of system 1, it may be further provided that the objects 2, which are not or only insufficiently identifiable, are identified using an existing, in the Fig. 1 to 8 of the return system (not shown) can then be fed back to the feeder 3. Such a return system includes, in particular, at least one further discharge nozzle and / or a further second nozzle strip as well as further conveyor belts, which then ensure that these aforementioned objects 2, especially at the beginning of the feeder 3, are fed back into the feeder 3, so that these objects 2 can then be fed back into the corresponding measuring area(s) at the end of the feeder 3 for analysis and / or sorting, as described above. Reference symbol list 1. Systems for analyzing objects 2 objects 3 Feeding equipment, in particular conveyor belt 3.e End of the supply medium 3 4.1 First laser / first analysis laser 4.1.s first laser beam 4.1.p first focus point 4.1.LM Control Module 4.2 Second laser / second analysis laser 4.2' second laser / ablation laser 4.2.s second laser beam 4.2.p second focus point 4.2.LM Control Module 5 spectrometers 5.s Field of view of the spectrometer 5 5. of optical fiber 5. of open fiber end 6. Trajectory 7 Alignment device 8 sorting device 9 Control unit and / or computer 10 Feed lane 11 Detection devices, in particular cameras S Perpendicular to the flight path 6

Claims

[1] A method for analyzing objects (2), in particular metal parts and / or aluminium scrap, wherein at least one feeding means (3), at least one - first - analysis laser (4.1) and at least one spectrometer (5) is provided and / or available, wherein the objects (2) are fed, in particular conveyed, by means of the feeding means (3) and the objects (2) move along a trajectory (6) from one end (3.e) of the feeding means (3) for the purpose of their analysis, in particular being dropped from the feeding means (3), wherein a - first - laser beam (4.1.s) with a - first - focal point (4.1.p) is generated by means of the - first - analysis laser (4.1), wherein the analysis laser (4.1) is aligned and / or is aligned with respect to the feeding means (3) such that the objects (2) during their respective movement along their respective trajectory (6) encounter the laser beam (4.1.s) in the region of the focal point (4.1.p) fly through, passing through a field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is directed and / or is directed towards a region of the trajectory (6) of the objects (2), wherein the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1) lies in the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein plasmas of the objects (2) are generated by means of the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1), and wherein emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer (5). characterized bythat the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is realized through an open fiber end (5.ofe) of an optical fiber (5.of), that emissions of the plasmas generated by the first analysis laser (4.1) on the objects (2) are recorded by means of the open fiber end (5.ofe), that a second laser is provided and / or present, wherein the second laser is designed and / or implemented as a second analysis laser (4.2) or is used accordingly, wherein a second laser beam (4.2.s) with a second focal point (4.2.p) is generated with the aid of the second laser (4.2), wherein the second laser (4.2, 4.2') is aligned and / or is aligned to the feeder (3) such that the objects (2) during their respective movement on their respective trajectories (6) pass through the second laser beam (4.2.s) in the region of the second focal point (4.2.p), that the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2.s) in the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are aligned and / or are aligned such that the first focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) is spaced apart from the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2), wherein plasmas of the objects (2) are generated by means of the focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or by means of the focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2), and wherein emissions of these plasmas are spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer (5), i.e., the emissions of the objects (2) generated by the second focal point (4.2.p) are also recorded by means of the open fiber end (5.ofe), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are spaced apart such that are aligned with each other so that the first focus point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second focus point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2) lie one above the other on a substantially perpendicular (S) to the flight path (6) of the objects (2). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that pulses with a specific pulse repetition rate are emitted by means of the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or by means of the second laser (4.2), wherein the value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds to a specific value of the velocity of the objects (2) when leaving the feed means (3) in m / s multiplied by a specific factor, in particular a factor of at least 15, in particular the -first- analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) have a pulse repetition rate of in particular at least 20 kHz, in particular at least 45 kHz. [3] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second laser (4.2) has an alignment device (7), wherein, if necessary, the alignment of the associated laser (4.1, 4.2) and thus the location of the associated focal point (4.1.p, 4.2.p) is changed by means of each alignment device (7), in particular wherein the spatial arrangement of the focal points (4.1.p, 4.2.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second laser (4.2) is changed relative to each other and in relation to the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5). [4] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a sorting device (8) is provided and / or is present, wherein the objects (2) are sorted into at least two different categories, in particular by means of an air jet, based on the measurement data generated by means of the spectrometer (5), in particular depending on a certain material of the objects (2). [5] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one control unit (9) and / or computer (9) is provided and / or is present, in particular wherein a feed means (3) designed as a conveyor belt is controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (9) and / or computer (9), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (9) and / or computer (9), wherein the second laser (4.2) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9), wherein the spectrometer (5) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9), wherein the measurement data generated by means of the spectrometer (5) are evaluated by means of the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9), in particular wherein the material of the respective objects (2) is determined, and wherein the sorting device (8) is controlled and / or regulated by means of the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9), in particular wherein respective specific objects (2) are blown out and / or sorted out. [6] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the respective objects (2) are fed in individually via the feeding means (3), in particular being sequentially dropped in individual steps one after the other from the end (3e) of the feeding means (3). [7] Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a first and a second control module (4.1.LM and 4.2.LM) are provided and / or are available for controlling the first analysis laser (4.1) and for controlling the second laser (4.2), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second laser (4.2) and / or the first and / or second control module (4.1.LM, 4.2.LM) is designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or at least as part of a LIBS system. [8] Method according to claim 7, characterized by , that the optical fiber (5.of) and / or the open fiber end (5.ofe) and / or the spectrometer (5) are designed and / or implemented as part of the LIBS system. [9] Method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the control modules (4.1.LM and 4.2.LM) are functionally and / or structurally designed as components of the control unit and / or the computer (9), in particular the control unit and / or the computer (9) is designed as part of the LIBS system. [10] Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one further detection means is provided and / or is present, in particular a camera system is provided and / or is present, with the help of which the geometry and / or the size and / or position of the objects (2) on the feeder (3) can be determined, in particular the camera system is effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer (9) in terms of control technology. [11] A system (1) for analyzing objects (2), in particular metal parts and / or aluminum scrap, especially for carrying out a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising at least one feeding means (3), at least one first analysis laser (4.1) and at least one spectrometer (5), wherein the objects (2) can be fed to the feeding means (3) and the objects (2) can be moved from one end (3e) of the feeding means (3) along a trajectory (6) for analysis, in particular being ejected from the feeding means (3), wherein a first laser beam (4.1.s) with a first focus point (4.1.p) can be generated by means of the first analysis laser (4.1), wherein the analysis laser (4.1) is aligned with respect to the feeding means (3) such that the objects (2) during their respective movement along their respective trajectory (6) do not encounter the laser beam (4.1.s) pass through the area of ​​the focus point (4.1.p), with the spectrometer (5) having a field of view (5.s) having, wherein the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is directed onto a region of the trajectory (6) of the objects (2), wherein the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1) is located in the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein plasmas of the objects (2) can be generated by means of the focal point (4.1.p) of the analysis laser (4.1), and wherein emissions of these plasmas can be spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer (5), . characterized bythat the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) is realized by means of an open fiber end (5.ofe) of an optical fiber (5.ofe), that emissions of the plasmas generated by the analysis laser (4.1) on the objects (2) can be detected by means of the open fiber end (5.ofe), that a second laser is provided and / or present, wherein the second laser is designed and / or implemented as a second analysis laser (4.2) or can be used accordingly, wherein a second laser beam (4.2.s) with a second focal point (4.2.p) can be generated by means of the second laser (4.2), wherein the second laser (4.2) is aligned to the feeder (3) such that the objects (2) pass through the second laser beam (4.2.s) in the region of the second focal point (4.2.p) during their respective movement on their respective trajectories (6), that the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second Analysis laser (4.2) is arranged in the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are aligned with each other such that the first focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) is spaced apart from the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2), wherein plasmas of the objects (2) can be generated by means of the focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or by means of the focal point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2), and wherein emissions of these plasmas can be spectroscopically analyzed by means of the spectrometer (5), i.e., the emissions of the objects (2) generated by the second focal point (4.2.p) can also be recorded by means of the open fiber end (5.ofe), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second analysis laser (4.2) are aligned with each other such that the focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and the focus point (4.2.p) of the second analysis laser (4.2) are arranged one above the other on a substantially perpendicular (S) to the trajectory (6) of the objects (2). [12] System (1) according to claim 11, characterized by , that a distance between the open fiber end (5.ofe) and an end (3.e), in particular a discharge edge, of the feeding means (3) has a certain value, in particular of less than 350 mm, in particular between 50 mm and 200 mm. [13] System (1) according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized by , that the open fiber end (5.ofe) has a numerical aperture with a value of 0.14 to 0.28, in particular from 0.18 to 0.

24. [14] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized by , that the optical fiber (5.of) is designed as a step-index fiber, in particular as a multimode fiber. [15] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized by , that the optical fiber (5.of) has a quartz glass core and a cladding, in particular wherein the cladding has an outer acrylate cladding and a fluorine-doped intermediate layer. [16] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized by , that the optical fiber (5.of) has a core diameter with a value of 50 µm to 700 µm, in particular from 400 µm to 600 µm. [17] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized by , that the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second laser (4.2) have a pulse repetition rate, wherein the value of this pulse repetition rate in kHz corresponds to a certain value of the velocity of the objects (2) when leaving the feed means (3) in m / s multiplied by a certain factor, in particular a factor of at least 15. [18] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized by , that the first focal point (4.1.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second focal point (4.2.p) of the second laser (4.2) has a focal point diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, in particular 0.15 mm. [19] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized by , that the first analysis laser (4.1) has a first lens for generating the first focal point (4.1.p) and the second laser (4.2) has a second lens for generating the second focal point (4.2.p), wherein the first lens and the second lens each have the same focal length, in particular from 250 mm to 400 mm. [20] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized by , that the first analysis laser (4.1) has a first lens for generating the first focal point (4.1.p) and the second laser (4.2) has a second lens for generating the second focal point (4.2.p), wherein the first lens and the second lens have different focal lengths, in particular wherein a value of the focal length of the second lens is 5% to 10% smaller or larger than a value of the focal length of the first lens. [21] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized by, that the first analysis laser (4.1), the spectrometer (5) and in particular the second laser (4.2) are arranged above the trajectory (6) of the objects (2). [22] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized by , that the first analysis laser (4.1), the spectrometer (5) and in particular the second laser (4.2) are arranged below the trajectory (6) of the objects (2). [23] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 22, characterized by , that the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second laser (4.2) has an alignment device (7), wherein by means of each alignment device (7) the alignment of the associated laser (4.1, 4.2) and thus the location of the associated focal point (4.1.p, 4.2.p) can be changed, in particular wherein the spatial arrangement of the focal points (4.1.p, 4.2.p) of the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second laser (4.2) relative to each other and in relation to the field of view (5.s) of the spectrometer (5) can be changed. [24] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 23, characterized by , that the angle between the first laser beam (4.1.s) and the second laser beam (4.2.s) has a value of less than 30°, in particular less than 20°. [25] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 24, characterized by , that the feeding means (3) is designed and / or constructed in such a way that singulation of the objects (2) and / or singular transport of the objects (2) on the feeding means (3), in particular in a sequential order arranged in a line, is enabled and realized. [26] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 25, characterized by , that the feed means (3) is designed as a conveyor belt (3) and / or as a chute. [27] System (1) according to claim 26, characterized by , that the conveyor belt (3) is essentially horizontally oriented. [28] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 27, characterized by that the conveyor belt (3) or the chute has a V-shaped or curved cross-section. [29] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 28, characterized by , that a sorting device (8) is provided and / or is available, wherein the objects (2) can be sorted into at least two different categories, in particular by means of an air jet, based on the measurement data generated by means of the spectrometer (5), in particular depending on a certain material of the objects (2), and in particular the sorting device (8) has a blow-out nozzle. [30] System (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 29, characterized by, that at least one control unit (9) and / or computer (9) is provided and / or is present, in particular wherein the control unit (9) and / or computer (9) is effectively connected to the feed means (3) designed as a conveyor belt for the purpose of controlling and / or regulating it, wherein the control unit (9) and / or computer (9) is effectively connected to the first analysis laser (4.1) for the purpose of controlling and / or regulating it, wherein the control unit (9) and / or computer (9) is connected to the second laser (4.2) is effectively connected to the control and / or regulation of the spectrometer (5) by means of control and / or data technology, wherein the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9) is effectively connected to the spectrometer (5) by means of control and / or data technology, wherein the measurement data generated by means of the spectrometer (5) can be evaluated by means of the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9), in particular wherein the respective material of the respective objects (2) can be determined, and wherein the control unit (9) and / or the computer (9) is effectively connected to the sorting device (8) by means of control and / or regulation. [31] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 30, characterized by, that a first and second control module (4.1.LM and 4.2.LM) is provided and / or available for controlling the first analysis laser (4.1) and the second laser (4.2), wherein the first analysis laser (4.1) and / or the second laser (4.2) and / or the first and / or second control module (4.1.LM, 4.2.LM) is designed and / or configured as a LIBS system or as part of a LIBS system. [32] System according to any one of claims 11 to 31, characterized by , that the optical fiber (5.of) and / or the spectrometer (5) are designed and / or implemented as part of the LIBS system. [33] System according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the first and / or second control modules (4.1.LM and 4.2.LM) are functionally and / or structurally designed as part of the control unit and / or the computer (9), in particular the control unit and / or the computer (9) is also designed as part of the LIBS system. [34] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 33, characterized by , that at least one further detection means is provided and / or is present, in particular a camera system is present, with the help of which the geometry and / or size and / or the position of the fed objects (2) on the feeding means (3) can be determined, in particular the camera system is effectively connected to the control unit and / or the computer (9) in terms of control technology. [35] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 34, characterized by , that the feeding means (3) for feeding and / or conveying the objects (2) has at least one feeding track (10). [36] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 35, characterized by, that the feeding means (3) for feeding and / or conveying the objects (2) has several feeding lanes (10), in particular several virtually separated or several physically separated feeding lanes (10), and each feeding lane (10) is assigned a respective first and / or a respective second analysis laser (4.1 and 4.2) and a respective viewing field (5.s) of a spectrometer (5), in particular each feeding lane (10) is assigned a respective optical fiber (5.of) with an open fiber end (5.ofe) and / or a respective separate spectrometer (5). [37] System according to claim 36, characterized by , that the distance between adjacent first and second analysis lasers (4.1 and 4.2 respectively) (4.2') and / or the distance between adjacent open fiber ends (5.ofe) is in the range of 20 to 200 mm, in particular in the range of 50 to 100 mm. [38] System according to one of claims 36 or 37, characterized by, that the sorting device (8) comprises a first nozzle bar having several blow-out nozzles, wherein at least one blow-out nozzle is assigned to each feed lane (10). [39] System according to one or more of the preceding claims 11 to 38, characterized by , that objects (2) which are not or only insufficiently identifiable can then be returned to the feeder (3) with the help of an existing return system. [40] System according to claim 39, characterized by that the return system includes at least one blow-out nozzle and / or a second nozzle bar and / or additional conveyor belts.

Images