Improved switch and a switchgear assembly with such an improved switch, as well as a method for switching such an improved switch.

Abstract

Switches (10) for low, medium or high voltages, comprising a fixed contact (12), a fixed contact contact area (14), a moving contact (16), a moving contact contact area (18) and an insulating housing (25), wherein the fixed contact (12) is guided through the insulating housing (25) into a switching area (30) with an arc quenching system (50), - the moving contact (16) is designed to be moved along a first switch axis (1000) from a closed position to an open position and from an open position to a closed position, wherein ◯ the moving contact contact area (18) of the moving contact (16) in the closed position is in electrical contact with the fixed contact contact area (14), and ◯ the moving contact area (18) of the moving contact (16) is arranged in the open position outside the insulating housing (25) and is electrically isolated from the fixed contact area (14), - within the insulating housing (25) at least one first magnetic system (60), a second magnetic system (70) and a first locking system (100) are arranged, wherein the first magnetic system (60) and the second magnetic system together with the first locking system (100) form a magnetic keyhole, which magnetic keyhole interrupts an arc that forms between the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16) under load when disconnecting from the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16), by magnetic deflection and closing of the first locking system (100), characterized in that - the first magnetic system (60) is formed from at least one magnetic horseshoe magnet or a U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material (62), wherein the horseshoe magnet or the U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material (62) has a first leg (63), a second leg (64) and a base (65) connecting the first leg (63) to the second leg (64), and the base (65) has a base opening (66) configured to move the moving contact (16) through this base opening (66) from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, - the first locking system (100) has a first locking guide (102) with a first locking opening (103) and a first locking mechanism (104), wherein the first locking opening (103) is arranged such that the moving contact (16) can be moved through the first locking opening (103) from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, and the first locking mechanism (104) is designed to be movably arranged perpendicular to the first switch axis (1000) between a first locking position that closes the first locking opening (103) and a first locking position that does not close the first locking opening (103), - the second magnetic system (70) is arranged in the first magnetic system (60) such that a magnetic field is formed around the first closing opening (103) which is designed to deflect the arc between the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16) parallel to the first leg (63) and parallel to the second leg (64) and perpendicular to the first switch axis (1000) and thus form the magnetic keyhole.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an improved switch for low, medium, and high voltages, a switchgear assembly with such an improved switch, and a method for switching low, medium, and high voltages on and off. The improved switch is specifically designed to perform switching operations without the use of SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) as an insulating and / or switching gas. In particular, the improved switch is a load switch or load disconnect switch for low, medium, and high voltages, especially medium voltages.

[0002] Various solutions for load disconnect switches are known from the prior art, particularly those that do not use SF6. For example, DE 10 2013 217 834 A1 discloses a combination of a rotary switch and a vacuum interrupter. While this design does not use SF6, it is complex, has various limitations, including space constraints, and requires combining rotary and linear movements.

[0003] US Patent 5,734,547 A discloses a switch with a movable insulating barrier and magnetic elements for extinguishing an arc when switching off a current.

[0004] The object of the invention is now to provide an alternative switching principle which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular does not require sulfur hexafluoride as a switching gas.

[0005] The problem is solved by independent claims 1, 10 and 11 and the dependent claims.

[0006] One embodiment relates to switches for low, medium or high voltages, with a fixed contact, with a fixed contact contact area, a moving contact, with a moving contact contact area and an insulating housing, wherein the fixed contact is guided through the insulating housing into a switching area with an arc quenching system, - the moving contact is designed to be moved along a first switch axis from a closed position to an open position and from an open position to a closed position, wherein ◯ the moving contact contact area of ​​the moving contact in the closed position is in electrical contact with the fixed contact contact area, and ◯ the moving contact area of ​​the moving contact is arranged outside the insulating housing in the open position and is electrically isolated from the fixed contact area, - at least one first magnetic system, one second magnetic system and one first locking system is arranged within the insulating housing, wherein the first magnetic system and the second magnetic system together with the first locking system form a magnetic keyhole, which magnetic keyhole interrupts an arc that forms between the fixed contact and the moving contact when separating from the fixed contact and moving contact, especially under load conditions - i.e. e.g. connected consumers - by magnetic deflection and closing of the first locking system, and wherein - the first magnetic system is formed from at least one magnetic horseshoe magnet or a U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material, wherein the horseshoe magnet or the U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material has a first leg, a second leg and a base connecting the first leg to the second leg and the base has a base opening which base opening is designed to transfer the moving contact through this base opening from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, - the first locking system comprises a first locking guide with a first locking opening and a first locking mechanism, wherein the first locking opening is arranged such that the moving contact can be transferred through the first locking opening from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, and the first locking mechanism is designed to be movably arranged perpendicular to the first switch axis between a first locking position that closes the first locking opening and a first locking position that does not close the first locking opening, - the second magnetic system is arranged in the first magnetic system in such a way that a magnetic field is formed around the first locking opening, which is designed to deflect the arc between the fixed contact and the moving contact parallel to the first leg and parallel to the second leg and perpendicular to the first switch axis (1000) and thus form the magnetic keyhole.

[0007] It is particularly preferred that the second magnet system forms a channel perpendicular to the first switch axis, wherein the channel is configured to discharge hot gases perpendicular to the first switch axis. It is further particularly preferred that the channel has a protective barrier between the interior of the channel, also referred to as the inner region of the second magnet system, and the second magnet system, wherein the protective barrier is formed from electrically conductive materials, such as metal sheets, or from electrically insulating materials, such as plastics or ceramics, in particular metal oxides.

[0008] The arc extinguishing system therefore consists at least of the first magnetic system, the second magnetic system and the first closing system.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed contact area is configured as a socket and the moving contact area as a plug, or the fixed contact area as a plug and the moving contact area as a socket. Alternatively, the fixed contact area and the moving contact area can also be configured as contact discs.

[0010] It is also preferred that the first magnet system is formed by a U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material or a horseshoe magnet.

[0011] Furthermore, it is also preferred that the second magnet system be formed with permanent magnets.

[0012] It is also preferred that the insulating housing is not hermetically sealed and that hot gases are discharged perpendicular to the first switch axis.

[0013] It is also preferred that the first locking mechanism in the first locking guide is further designed to be movably arranged parallel to the first leg and parallel to the second leg. Alternatively, the first locking mechanism in the first locking guide is further designed to be movably arranged at a first angle to the first leg and at a first angle to the second leg. In particular, the angle can also be 90°. Alternatively, the movement of the first locking mechanism can also be a rotation, in particular a rotation about the first switching axis.

[0014] It is also preferred that the first closure is mechanically, or alternatively electronically, connected to the moving contact in such a way that the first closure assumes the first closure position closing the first closure opening when the moving contact moves to the open position and that the first closure assumes the first closure position not closing the first closure opening when the moving contact moves to the closed position.

[0015] It is also preferred that the second magnetic system is formed from two or four rectangular permanent magnets and that the second magnetic system creates a closed magnetic circuit in the region of the first locking opening. This closed magnetic circuit in the region of the first locking opening is particularly suitable for forming the magnetic keyhole. The closed circuit is preferably achieved by the alternating north-south and south-north orientation of the individual magnets of the second magnetic system relative to each other.

[0016] It is also preferred that a third magnetic system is arranged around the first shutter opening and that a metallic element is arranged on the first shutter such that the first shutter, with the metallic element, is locked in the first shutter position closing the first shutter opening against the third magnetic system. This locking action results, on the one hand, in faster closing of the first shutter opening and, on the other hand, in improved arc interruption.

[0017] It is further preferred that the third magnet system is formed with a ring magnet.

[0018] It is also preferred that the first closure guide encloses the first closure from four sides, with the exception of the first closure opening, and that the first closure is slidably mounted in the first closure guide.

[0019] It is also preferred that the first closure has a closing area and a passage area. The passage area is designed analogously to the first closure opening and the base opening such that the moving contact is guided through the passage area.

[0020] It is also preferred that the closing area of ​​the first closure has a metallic element. This metallic element, as mentioned previously, serves to lock the first closure and to enable its faster closing.

[0021] It is also preferred that the switch on the insulating housing has a second locking system with a second locking guide, a second locking opening, and a second locking mechanism, wherein the second locking mechanism is mounted in the second locking guide such that it can be moved between a position that releases the second locking opening and a position that closes the second locking opening. In this preferred embodiment, the magnetic keyhole is extended by an insulating barrier in the form of the second locking opening, thus further improving the interruption of the arc. Closing the second locking mechanism also results in improved extinguishing properties.

[0022] It is also preferred that the switch be suitable for operating medium or high voltages without the switching gas and / or insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride, in particular for switching off medium or high voltages under load.

[0023] Furthermore, it is preferred that the switch be operated as an air-insulated switch or a gas-insulated switch with an insulating gas and / or switching gas with a GWP (Global Warming Potential) < 1.

[0024] Another embodiment relates to a switchgear for low, medium, or high voltages, wherein the switchgear comprises one or more switches according to one or more of the preceding configurations. Single-pole or three-pole switchgear assemblies are particularly preferred, comprising one or three or a multiple thereof of one or three switches.

[0025] Another embodiment relates to a method for switching low, medium or high voltages on and off, wherein a moving contact is arranged to be displaceable relative to a fixed contact and: - when the low, medium or high voltages are switched off, the moving contact with its moving contact contact area detaches from the fixed contact, an arc that arises in this process, especially under load, burns between the fixed contact and the moving contact, the moving contact contact area moves away from an arc quenching system with a first magnetic system, a second magnetic system and a first closing system and thereby moves away from the fixed contact through a base opening in the first magnetic system and a first closing opening of the first closing system and thereby the arc is deflected by the first magnetic system and the second magnetic system parallel to a first leg of the first magnetic system and parallel to a second leg of the first magnetic system, the first closing opening, after the moving contact has left the first closing opening,is closed by a first closure and the arc is extinguished by the combination of the first magnetic system, the second magnetic system and the closing of the first closure opening, and, - when the low, medium or high voltages are switched on, the moving contact with its moving contact contact area approaches the fixed contact through the arc quenching system with the first magnetic system, the second magnetic system and the first closing system, i.e. moving towards it, and in doing so the first closing of the first closing system is moved in the first closing guide in such a way that the first closing system assumes a first closing position that does not close the first closing opening and the moving contact passes the first closing opening and the base opening and the moving contact is moved further towards the fixed contact until the moving contact in a closed position establishes electrical contact with the fixed contact.

[0026] In addition: - when the moving contact is switched off after leaving the arc extinguishing system, a second closing system passes through a second closing opening, and the second closing system has a second closure which is moved in a second closure guide when the moving contact has left the second closing opening, and the second closing opening is thus closed by the second closure, and - when the moving contact is switched on, it moves towards the fixed contact, the arc extinguishing system and the second locking system, and the second locking system is moved in the second locking guide in such a way that the second locking opening is not closed by the second locking system and the second locking opening is released for the moving contact to pass through.

[0027] It is also preferred that the above method be carried out with one of the above embodiments for switches or switchgear.

[0028] With regard to the apparatus according to the invention, all descriptions given above and below concerning the method according to the invention apply accordingly, and vice versa. In particular, the apparatus according to the invention is configured to carry out the method according to the invention in any embodiment or combination of embodiments. Regarding the advantages of the apparatus according to the invention, reference is also made to the advantages described for the method according to the invention, and vice versa.

[0029] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The specific design of the exemplary embodiments is in no way to be understood as restrictive for the general design of the method and the device according to the invention; rather, individual features of the exemplary embodiment can be freely combined with each other and with the features described above in any way.

[0030] The invention will be explained in more detail below using figures. Fig. 1: Exemplary schematic representation of a switchgear assembly according to the invention; Fig. 2: Schematic representation of a section through a switch according to the invention in the open state; Fig. 3: Schematic representation of a section through a switch according to the invention in the closed state; Fig. 4: Exemplary schematic representation of the magnetic field of the magnetic keyhole.

[0031] The Fig. Figure 1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a switchgear 1 according to the invention. A medium-voltage switchgear is shown as an example, but a switchgear for low or high voltages is also possible. The switchgear includes a switch 10 according to the invention for switching an electric current and / or an electric voltage on or off. The switchgear can, in particular, include one or more switches according to the invention, which are designed as load switches or load disconnect switches. The switchgear includes indicator elements 4, which can display information such as a switching position indicator, operating parameters, measured values, or other status indicators. Furthermore, the switchgear includes a control panel 6, via which, for example, switching operations can be performed.

[0032] The Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a section through a switch 10 according to the invention in the open state, i.e., in the off state. In the off state, the fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 are not in electrical contact with each other.

[0033] The fixed contact 12 extends into the insulating housing 25 and the arc quenching system 50. The arc quenching system 50 is formed here by the first magnetic system 60, the second magnetic system 70, the third magnetic system 80, the first locking system 100, and the second locking system 120, the third magnetic system 80 and the second locking system 120 being optional. The optional third magnetic system 80 and the second locking system 120 are particularly advantageous at higher voltages and currents. The second locking system 120 is shown here, by way of example, arranged on the outside of the insulating housing 25; alternatively, and not shown here, an arrangement inside the insulating housing 25 or integration into a wall of the insulating housing 25 is also possible and may be advantageous.

[0034] In the example of the Fig. The two contacts are designed as interlocking contacts. The moving contact 16 has a moving contact contact area 18, which is designed to retract into a hollow inner area 13 of the fixed contact 12. The inner area 13 of the fixed contact 12 has an optional contact element 15 in the fixed contact contact area 14. The optional contact element 15 is designed here in the form of a ring, lamellar, or spring contact element.

[0035] The moving contact 16 is designed and arranged such that the moving contact 16 can be moved in a switching range 30 along the first switch axis 1000.

[0036] The fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 are in the Fig. 2 contacted through the symbolic switch terminals 11 and connected to an electrical network or system.

[0037] Furthermore, in the Fig. 2 For example, the first magnet system 60 is formed from a horseshoe magnet or U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material 62, wherein the first magnet system 60 is shown in the sectional view of the Fig. Figure 2 shows a first leg 63, a second leg 64, a base 65 and a base opening 66. Alternatively, and not shown, different arrangements can also form the first magnet system 60, for example, individual magnets arranged around a movement path of the moving contact 16 in the insulating housing 25; however, the embodiment shown is particularly efficient and therefore advantageous.

[0038] In the first magnetic system 60, a first locking system 100 is arranged. The first locking system 100 is formed here with a first locking guide 102 and a first locking 104, wherein the first locking guide 102 has a first locking opening 103.

[0039] In the open position of the switch 10 shown, the first shutter 104 of the first shutter system 100 is in a first shutter position closing the first shutter opening 103 and the second shutter 124 of the second shutter system 120 is in a second shutter position closing the second shutter opening 123.

[0040] During the transition from the closed position of the switch 10 to the open position, the first locking opening 103 and the second locking opening 123 are preferentially closed as soon as the moving contact 16 has left the area of ​​the first locking guide 102 and the second locking guide 122, respectively. This area is required by the first locking 104 and the second locking 124 for movement into their respective closing positions, thus clearing the path for the first locking 104 and the second locking 124. The closing area 1041 of the first locking 104 is also shown. Both the first locking 104 and the second locking 124 optionally have a closing area 1041, 1241, and a [missing information - likely a specific feature or element]. Fig. 3 shown non-closing area 1042, 1242.

[0041] Furthermore, the Fig. 2. The arrangement of the second magnet system 70 is also shown, here exemplified by rectangular permanent magnets 70, with only two of the four rectangular permanent magnets 70 visible. The rectangular permanent magnets 70 of the second magnet system 70 are arranged in the first magnet system 60 such that an annular closure of magnetic field lines is formed in an inner region 72 of the second magnet system 70. This causes any arc that may occur to be deflected from a straight propagation along a first switch axis. This deflection of the arc assists in interrupting the arc. Furthermore, the interruption of the arc is supported by limitations provided by the first closing opening 103, optionally the second closing opening 123, and also optionally a through-opening in the insulating housing 25 in the region of the second closing opening 123.

[0042] The interruption of the arc is further supported by closing the first shutter system 100 with the first shutter 104 and optionally by closing the second shutter system 120 with the second shutter 124.

[0043] In the particularly preferred embodiment of the switch 10 shown here, the first locking guide 102 of the first locking system 100 includes an optional third magnetic system 80, which is formed here by means of a ring magnet 80. In the particularly preferred embodiment shown, the first locking mechanism has a metallic or magnetic element 105 which, when the first locking mechanism is closed, accelerates the closing process and, in the first locking position that closes the first locking opening 103, locks the first locking mechanism 104 in the locking position. In this locked locking position, the risk of the first locking system 100 being breached by hot gases or by the electric arc is further prevented or reduced.

[0044] Between the inner region 72 of the second magnet system 70 and the second magnet system 70, there is in the Fig. 2. A protective barrier 75 is arranged in each of the two magnet systems, optionally protecting the second magnet system from the effects of the electric arc or hot gases. The protective barrier 75 is preferably made of electrically conductive materials, such as metals or metal sheets, or of electrically insulating materials, such as plastics or ceramics, in particular metal oxides, or other suitable materials. FIGURE 3

[0045] The Fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a section through a switch 10 according to the invention in the closed state, i.e., in the switched-on state. In the switched-on state, the fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 are in electrical contact with each other.

[0046] The fixed contact 12 extends into the insulating housing 25 and the arc quenching system 50. The arc quenching system 50 is formed here by the first magnetic system 60, the second magnetic system 70, the third magnetic system 80, the first locking system 100, and the second locking system 120, the third magnetic system 80 and the second locking system 120 being optional. The optional third magnetic system 80 and the second locking system 120 are particularly advantageous at higher voltages and currents. The second locking system 120 is shown here, by way of example, arranged on the outside of the insulating housing 25; alternatively, and not shown here, an arrangement inside the insulating housing 25 or integration into a wall of the insulating housing 25 is also possible and may be advantageous.

[0047] In the example of the Fig. The 3 contacts are designed as interlocking contacts. The moving contact 16 has a moving contact contact area 18 which – as shown – is designed to retract into a hollow inner area 13 of the fixed contact 12. The inner area 13 of the fixed contact 12 has an optional contact element 15 in the fixed contact contact area 14. The optional contact element 15 is designed here in the form of a ring, lamellar, or spring contact element and is arranged here between the fixed contact contact area 14 and the moving contact contact area 18.

[0048] The moving contact 16 is designed and arranged such that the moving contact 16 can be moved in a switching range 30 along the first switch axis 1000.

[0049] The fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 are in the Fig. 3 are contacted through the symbolic switch terminals 11 and connected to an electrical network or system.

[0050] Furthermore, in the Fig. 3 For example, the first magnet system 60 is formed from a horseshoe magnet or U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material 62, wherein the first magnet system 60 is shown in the sectional view of the Fig. Figure 3 shows a first leg 63, a second leg 64, a base 65 and a base opening 66. Alternatively, and not shown, different arrangements can also form the first magnet system 60, for example, individual magnets arranged around a movement path of the moving contact 16 in the insulating housing 25; however, the embodiment shown is particularly efficient and therefore advantageous.

[0051] In the first magnetic system 60, a first locking system 100 is arranged. The first locking system 100 is formed here with a first locking guide 102 and a first locking 104, wherein the first locking guide 102 has a first locking opening 103.

[0052] In the closed position of the switch 10 shown, the first latch 104 of the first latching system 100 is in a first latching position that does not close the first latching opening 103, and the second latch 124 of the second latching system 120 is in a second latching position that does not close the second latching opening 123. Also shown here is the non-closing area 1042 of the first latch 104. Both the first latch 104 and the second latch 124 optionally have a [missing element] in the Fig. 2 shown non-closing area 1042, 1242 and one in the Fig. 2 shown closing area 1041, 1241.

[0053] Furthermore, the Fig. 3. The arrangement of the second magnet system 70 is also shown, here exemplified by rectangular permanent magnets 70, with only two of the four rectangular permanent magnets 70 visible. The rectangular permanent magnets 70 of the second magnet system 70 are arranged in the first magnet system 60 such that an annular closure of magnetic field lines is formed in an inner region 72 of the second magnet system 70. This closure causes any arc that may occur to be deflected from a straight propagation along a first switch axis. This deflection of the arc assists in interrupting the arc. Furthermore, the interruption of the arc is supported by limitations provided by the first closing opening 103, optionally the second closing opening 123, and also optionally a through-opening in the insulating housing 25 in the region of the second closing opening 123.The interruption of the arc is further supported by closing the first shutter system 100 with the first shutter 104 and optionally by closing the second shutter system 120 with the second shutter 124.

[0054] In the particularly preferred embodiment of the switch 10 shown here, the first locking guide 102 of the first locking system 100 includes an optional third magnetic system 80, which is formed here by means of a ring magnet 80. In the particularly preferred embodiment shown, the first locking mechanism has a metallic or magnetic element 105 which, when the first locking mechanism is closed, accelerates the closing process and, in the first locking position that closes the first locking opening 103, locks the first locking mechanism 104 in the locking position. In this locked locking position, the risk of the first locking system 100 being breached by hot gases or by the electric arc is further prevented or reduced.

[0055] Between the inner region 72 of the second magnet system 70 and the second magnet system 70, there is in the Fig. 3. A protective barrier 75 is arranged in each of the two magnet systems, optionally protecting the second magnet system from the effects of the electric arc or hot gases. The protective barrier 75 is preferably made of electrically conductive materials, such as metals or metal sheets, or of electrically insulating materials, such as plastics or ceramics, in particular metal oxides, or other suitable materials.

[0056] The Fig.Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the magnetic field of the magnetic keyhole 90. The magnetic field is represented here by exemplary magnetic field lines 92. The first magnet system 60, together with the second magnet system 70, forms the magnetic keyhole 90. The moving contact 16 is thus moved through the magnetic keyhole, and any burning arc is deflected through the magnetic keyhole as shown for one side of the magnetic keyhole 90 with the arrow indicating the direction of deflection 95 of the arc. The north poles 70' and the south poles 70'' of the permanent magnets of the second magnet system 70 are marked accordingly. Reference symbol list 1 Switchgear; 4 Display element; 6 Control panel; 10 switches; 11 symbolic switch terminals on switch 10; 12 fixed contacts; 13 Interior of the fixed contact 12; 14 Fixed contact area; 15 Contact element in the fixed contact contact area 14 in the interior of the fixed contact 12; 16 Moving contact; 18 Moving contact contact area; 25 Insulating housings; 30 switching range; 50 arc extinguishing system; 60 first magnetic system; 62 Horseshoe magnet or U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material; 63 first leg of the horseshoe magnet or of the U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material; 64 second leg of the horseshoe magnet or of the U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material; 65 Base connecting the first leg (63) and the second leg (64); 66 Base opening; 70 second magnetic system, for example realized with four rectangular permanent magnets; 70' North pole of a permanent magnet of the second magnetic system 70; 70'' South pole of a permanent magnet of the second magnetic system 70; 72 inner area of ​​the second magnet system 70; 75 protective barrier on the second magnet system 70; 80 third magnetic system; 90 magnetic keyhole; 92 magnetic field lines resulting from the first magnetic system 60 and the second magnetic system 70; 95 Deflection direction of an electric arc in the magnetic field of the magnetic keyhole 90; 100 first locking system; 102 first locking guide; 103 first locking opening; 104 first closure for closing the first closure opening (103) by moving in the first closure guide (102); 1041 sealing area in the first closure (104); 1042 Passage area in the first closure (104); 105 metallic or magnetic element at the first closure (104); 120 second locking system; 122 second locking guide; 123 second locking opening; 124 second closure for closing the second closure opening (123) by moving in the second closure guide (122); 1241 sealing area in the second closure (124); 1242 Passage area in the second closure (124); 1000 first switch axle.

Claims

[1] Switches (10) for low, medium or high voltages, comprising a fixed contact (12), a fixed contact area (14), a moving contact (16), a moving contact area (18) and an insulating housing (25), wherein the fixed contact (12) is guided through the insulating housing (25) into a switching area (30) with an arc quenching system (50), - the moving contact (16) is designed to be moved along a first switch axis (1000) from a closed position to an open position and from an open position to a closed position, wherein ◯ the moving contact contact area (18) of the moving contact (16) in the closed position is in electrical contact with the fixed contact contact area (14), and ◯ the moving contact area (18) of the moving contact (16) is arranged in the open position outside the insulating housing (25) and is electrically isolated from the fixed contact area (14), - within the insulating housing (25) at least one first magnetic system (60), a second magnetic system (70) and a first locking system (100) is arranged, wherein the first magnetic system (60) and the second magnetic system together with the first locking system (100) form a magnetic keyhole, which magnetic keyhole interrupts an arc that forms between the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16) under load when disconnecting from the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16), by magnetic deflection and closing of the first locking system (100), characterized by , that - the first magnetic system (60) is formed from at least one magnetic horseshoe magnet or a U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material (62), wherein the horseshoe magnet or the U-shaped magnetic or magnetizable material (62) has a first leg (63), a second leg (64) and a base (65) connecting the first leg (63) to the second leg (64), and the base (65) has a base opening (66) configured to move the moving contact (16) through this base opening (66) from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, - the first locking system (100) has a first locking guide (102) with a first locking opening (103) and a first locking mechanism (104), wherein the first locking opening (103) is arranged such that the moving contact (16) can be moved through the first locking opening (103) from the open position to the closed position and from the closed position to the open position, and the first locking mechanism (104) is designed to be movably arranged perpendicular to the first switch axis (1000) between a first locking position that closes the first locking opening (103) and a first locking position that does not close the first locking opening (103), - the second magnetic system (70) is arranged in the first magnetic system (60) such that a magnetic field is formed around the first closing opening (103) which is designed to deflect the arc between the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16) parallel to the first leg (63) and parallel to the second leg (64) and perpendicular to the first switch axis (1000) and thus form the magnetic keyhole. [2] Switch (10) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the first shutter (104) is mechanically connected to the moving contact (16) in such a way that the first shutter (104) assumes the first shutter position closing the first shutter opening (103) when the moving contact (16) moves into the open position and that the first shutter (104) assumes the first shutter position not closing the first shutter opening (103) when the moving contact (16) moves into the closed position. [3] Switch (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the second magnetic system (70) is formed from two or four rectangular permanent magnets and that the second magnetic system (70) causes a circuit of the magnetic fields in the area of ​​the first closure opening (103). [4] Switch (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that a third magnetic system (80) is arranged around the first closure opening (103) and that a metallic element (105) is arranged on the first closure (104) such that the first closure (104) is locked with the metallic element (105) in the first closure position on the third magnetic system (80) which closes the first closure opening (103). [5] Switch (10) according to claim 4, characterized by , that the third magnet system (80) is formed with a ring magnet. [6] Switch (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized by, that the first locking guide (102) surrounds the first locking (104) from four sides and the first locking (104) is slidably mounted in the first locking guide (102). [7] Switch (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the first closure (104) has a closing area (1041) and a passage area (1042). [8] Switch (10) according to claim 7, characterized by , that the sealing area (1041) has a metallic element (105). [9] Switch (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized by, that the switch on the insulating housing (25) has a second locking system (120) with a second locking guide (122) and a second locking opening (123) and a second locking mechanism (124), wherein the second locking mechanism (124) is mounted in the second locking guide (122) such that the second locking mechanism (124) can be moved between a position releasing the second locking opening (123) and a position closing the second locking opening (123). [10] Switchgear (1) for low, medium or high voltages, characterized by , that the switchgear (1) comprises one or more switches according to one of the preceding claims. [11] Method for switching low, medium or high voltages on and off, wherein a moving contact (16) is arranged to be displaceable relative to a fixed contact (12) and: - when the low, medium or high voltages are switched off, the moving contact (16) with its moving contact contact area (18) detaches from the fixed contact, an arc is generated between the fixed contact (12) and the moving contact (16), the moving contact contact area (18) moves away from an arc quenching system (50) with a first magnet system (60), a second magnet system (70) and a first closing system (100) and thereby moves away from the fixed contact (12) through a base opening (66) in the first magnet system (60) and a first closing opening (103) of the first closing system (100), and the arc is deflected by the first magnet system (60) and the second magnet system (70) parallel to a first leg (63) of the first magnet system (60) and parallel to a second leg (64) of the first magnet system (60), the first closing opening (103), after the moving contact has passed the first has left the closure opening (103),is closed by a first closure (104) and the arc is extinguished by the combination of the first magnetic system (60), the second magnetic system (70) and the closing of the first closure opening (103), and, - when the low, medium or high voltages are switched on, the moving contact (16) with its moving contact contact area (18) approaches the fixed contact (12) through the arc quenching system (50) with the first magnetic system (60), the second magnetic system (70) and the first locking system (100), and in doing so the first locking mechanism (104) of the first locking system (100) is moved in the first locking guide (102) such that the first locking system (100) assumes a first locking position that does not close the first locking opening (103) and the moving contact (16) passes the first locking opening (103) and the base opening (66) and the moving contact (16) is moved further towards the fixed contact (12) until the moving contact (16) establishes electrical contact with the fixed contact in a closed position, characterized by , that additionally: - when the moving contact (16) is switched off after leaving the arc extinguishing system (50), a second shutter system (120) passes through a second shutter opening (123), and the second shutter system (120) has a second shutter (124) which is moved in a second shutter guide (123) when the moving contact (16) has left the second shutter opening (123), and the second shutter opening (123) is thus closed by the second shutter (124), and - when the moving contact (16) is switched on, it moves towards the fixed contact (12), the arc extinguishing system (50) and the second shutter system (120), and the second shutter (124) is moved in the second shutter guide (123) in such a way that the second shutter opening (123) is not closed by the second shutter (124) and the second shutter opening (123) is thus released for the moving contact (16) to pass through.

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