Method and device for disinfecting objects

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for disinfecting a surface of an object or of a medium flowing in a cavity by irradiating it with electromagnetic radiation which lies in the visible wavelength range, wherein the colour or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is switched at short time intervals between two values, one of which lies in the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and the other in the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for disinfecting a surface of an object or a medium flowing in a cavity, as well as to a device for disinfecting a surface of an object, of human or animal tissue, or of a medium flowing in a cavity; the object to be treated is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation.

[0002] Our planet Earth not only provides favorable living conditions for us humans, but also for a multitude of bacteria and other pathogens, by which we are constantly surrounded. The human body does have a number of protective mechanisms to protect itself from the penetration of such bacteria and pathogens into the body—particularly through the skin—or at least from the harmful effects of such penetration.

[0003] However, all these protective measures are not perfect. For example, injuries can make the skin permeable to germs, etc., and / or a weakened immune system can allow invading germs to cause disease.

[0004] Based on these findings, especially in the medical field, it is important to sterilize surgical instruments and other objects, for example, by heating them to 100 °C. For smaller surgical instruments, it is also common practice to irradiate them with ultraviolet light, which is capable of killing germs.

[0005] Irradiation with ultraviolet light would also be desirable on the human body in order to at least reduce the number of germs in particularly vulnerable areas of the body.

[0006] However, excessive exposure to ultraviolet light can also cause diseases, such as skin cancer.

[0007] In addition, UV radiation can also photochemically break down molecules. This can produce substances such as ozone, phosgene, or other substances, possibly even in toxic concentrations. Ozone, for example, can damage the lungs; phosgene is also highly toxic, especially when inhaled. Therefore, UV radiation should be avoided as much as possible, both when applied directly to the human body and when used indirectly, for example, when disinfecting objects.

[0008] From these relationships results the problem initiating the invention, namely to further develop a generic method and a generic device for disinfecting tissues, surfaces and / or cavities in such a way that they can be used without hesitation on or near the human body, or on objects that potentially come into contact with the human body, without damaging, potentially damaging or endangering the human body.

[0009] This problem is solved within the framework of a generic method by using electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range and switching the color or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation at short time intervals between at least two values, one of which lies in the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum and the other in the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum.

[0010] By using electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation are avoided.

[0011] On the other hand, it has been found that bacteria and other microorganisms react differently to irradiation with light of certain wavelengths.

[0012] For example, numerous deaths worldwide are attributable to infections with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Particularly dangerous are antibiotic-resistant, particularly methicillin-resistant strains of the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA for short. These bacteria have long been feared as so-called hospital germs, but are increasingly being encountered in private households. Immunocompromised people are particularly at risk from these bacteria. Some Staphylococcus aureus strains, like other bacteria, produce pigments that serve different purposes depending on the species, but often provide protection against harmful external influences. For example, the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin is found in the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This pigment can be broken down by irradiation with wavelengths of around 460 nm, i.e., in the blue light range.Through targeted photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the bacterial membrane temporarily becomes more permeable, thus favoring treatment with antibacterial agents, such as low concentrations of the relatively mild antiseptic hydrogen peroxide. However, this increased permeability is not permanent, but rather only relatively short-term.

[0013] Better results can be achieved if—as proposed by the present invention—radiation with light from the shorter-wavelength blue region of the spectrum is applied only in the form of short pulses, alternating with radiation with light from the longer-wavelength red region of the spectrum. Such alternate irradiation with light of different wavelengths allows regeneration mechanisms in the affected bacteria to be repeatedly activated and thus exhausted, so that the effect of photolysis can be significantly increased.

[0014] However, this measure of exhausting regeneration mechanisms in bacteria by irradiating them with light of different wavelengths in a short-term alternation is not limited to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, but can also be effective in other bacteria, provided they contain substances that react differently to light of different wavelengths, especially in bacteria that are damaged by the longer wavelength spectral component.

[0015] The reason why the longer wavelength frequency component lies in the red spectral range is that a number of bacteria show activity in the red spectral range, while the so-called green gap between red and blue, between approximately 500 nm and approximately 600 nm, determines the colour of most plants, for example because of the chlorophyll that is not active in this range; as the Engelmann bacteria experiment shows.

[0016] It has proven advantageous that the blue light component lies in a wavelength range of 380 nm to 520 nm, preferably in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm, in particular in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 480 nm.

[0017] In contrast, the red light component can be in a wavelength range from 560 nm to 780 nm, preferably in a wavelength range from 580 nm to 760 nm, in particular in a wavelength range from 600 nm to 740 nm.

[0018] The illuminance of electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range, i.e., the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and / or the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum, should be in the range between 1 Ix and 2,000 Ix, for example, between 2 Ix and 1,000 Ix, preferably between 5 Ix and 500 Ix, especially between 10 Ix and 200 Ix. This represents a range of sufficient illuminance, but one that is not yet perceived as disturbing by humans, especially by the human eye.

[0019] The invention recommends that the switching frequency between the two spectral colors be 1 Hz or higher, preferably 2 Hz or higher, and especially 5 Hz or higher. Since many processes at the size of bacteria occur comparatively quickly due to the short distances involved—for example, the phase between two cell divisions often lasts only about 30 minutes—the repetition frequency of the light pulses with the same color should not be too long. The inventor believes that the best results can be achieved at frequencies above 1 Hz.

[0020] On the other hand, the individual pulses of a color—and especially the gaps between two consecutive light pulses of the same color—should also be sufficiently long so that an irradiated bacterium can distinguish between the individual light pulses and, if necessary, initiate a regeneration process for damaged substances or other components, which is then interrupted by the next light pulse. From this perspective, a switching frequency of 100 Hz or below appears promising. Better results can be expected with a switching frequency of 50 Hz or below. A switching frequency of 20 Hz or below is considered optimal.

[0021] It is within the scope of the invention that the pulse frequency is varied by a control, in particular by an integrated time program. By changing the pulse frequency—and thus also the period or pulse duration—dynamic adaptation of a bacterium can be counteracted.

[0022] Following this inventive concept, the invention further provides for the frequency to be increased or decreased via a ramp, preferably in a rhythmic sequence, in particular by wobbling. This is a technically simple but effective measure for increasing the efficiency of the invention.

[0023] Preferably, the (duty) ratio between the pulse durations of the pulses with different colors is approximately 50:50, or a different ratio. In the following, duty cycle refers to the ratio of the duration of a light pulse to the total period, while duty cycle is the ratio between the time interval for a pulse of the first color and the time interval for a pulse of the second color. A duty cycle of 50:50 therefore implies that the light pulses of each color are of equal length. This is a universal setting, which allows the best possible effect to be achieved with the largest possible number of different bacteria. However, this duty cycle could be changed if certain bacteria are to be treated which react more strongly to one spectral range than another.In this case, the duty cycle could be shifted towards longer light pulses of the more active color.

[0024] The invention can be further developed to allow the ratio between the pulse durations of the pulses with different colors to be changed, for example, by a timer or manually. As with the automatic frequency change described above, an automatic change in the duty cycle can also counteract the habituation effect of the bacteria.

[0025] The transition from one color phase to the other can occur abruptly, leaving the bacteria no time to transition. One color phase is abruptly switched off and the other is abruptly switched on, without a transition period. This method aims to prevent bacteria from having a chance to adjust to the color change.

[0026] There is also another control option: For example, a color phase can be gradually intensified and / or reduced. This function is achieved with incandescent lamps, for example, because they do not start or stop glowing instantly when a voltage is applied or switched off. Rather, a current must first flow when switched on, introducing energy into the filament, which gradually brings it up to glowing temperature. Likewise, when the voltage is switched off, the filament continues to glow for a while until it has cooled down and no longer emits light. Such a gradual transition when switching on and / or off can also be created with other light sources, such as light-emitting diodes, by increasing or decreasing the voltage gradually over a ramp.One advantage of this is that the lifespan of some lamps can be extended through such gentle operation.

[0027] It is also possible to control the system in such a way that the ramp-up of one color phase runs simultaneously with the ramp-down of the other color phase. In this case, there is no time loss despite the smooth switching on and off.

[0028] When both colors are emitted simultaneously during the transition from one color phase to the other, a hybrid form, such as violet light, is created by the brief superposition of red light with blue light. This hybrid form, especially violet light, has the advantage of being able to penetrate deeper into certain substances and kill bacteria or other pathogens present there.

[0029] Another possible variation is to change the phase position between the pulses of the two color phases, for example, at specific times or in a random pattern. This means that by inserting a single pulse of half or one and a half times the duration, all subsequent pulses occur at a time interval of half a period. This measure also serves to counteract the bacteria's habituation effect.

[0030] Furthermore, the invention is directed to a device for disinfecting cavities, surfaces or human or animal tissue by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, comprising a first device for generating and emitting electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range in the direction of the cavity or surface area to be disinfected, and a second device for switching the color or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the first device back and forth at short time intervals between at least two values, one value of which lies in the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and the other in the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum.

[0031] The purpose of this device can be the treatment of wounds or other skin surfaces, but also the disinfection of objects or substances. The device according to the invention is preferably designed as a handheld device, since it only has an irradiation function. Alternatively, it can also be permanently installed, particularly if it is intended to treat flowing media or objects to be disinfected.

[0032] It is within the scope of the invention for the first device to comprise one or more light-emitting diodes. Light-emitting diodes are comparatively energy-efficient compared to other light sources and also have very short response times. They can therefore be optimally controlled in the frequency range between 1 Hz and 1 kHz and switched on and off in fractions of the period.

[0033] This inventive concept can be further developed in that the first device comprises a first light-emitting diode or a first group of light-emitting diodes whose radiation maximum lies in a longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum, and a second light-emitting diode or a second group of light-emitting diodes whose radiation maximum lies in a shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum, wherein the second device switches between the first light-emitting diode or the first group of light-emitting diodes, on the one hand, and the second light-emitting diode or the second group of light-emitting diodes, on the other. If this switching does not occur abruptly, but with smooth transitions that occur simultaneously, it is possible to briefly create a temporary superposition of both light spectra to form a new mixed light spectrum, which can have additional advantageous properties.

[0034] An alternative is for the first device to comprise one or more light-emitting diode lamps, the color of which can be varied by the second device. The radiation maximum of such light-emitting diode lamps can, for example, be switchable via one or more separate control voltages from a shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum to a radiation maximum in a longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum, with the second device switching the control voltage(s) between the control level for the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and the control level for the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum. However, such light-emitting diode lamps are generally not individual light-emitting diodes, but rather an arrangement comprising a plurality of them, for example.Three or four LEDs, each with a different color, whereby a control integrated into the LED lamp allows different LEDs to be selected and switched on to produce a different colored lighting effect. In such an embodiment, a control voltage could be continuously changed instead of being switched abruptly, with the aim of briefly generating a mixed light spectrum during the transition between the two different light spectra, which can have further advantageous properties.

[0035] In a further alternative, the first device may comprise one or more light sources, and the second device may comprise an optical filter whose relevant light transmission range is adjustable between a shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and another, longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum. Thus, while the light source(s) themselves do not change their color, the color change is only caused by the filter. There may be several possibilities here.

[0036] The simpler option is to use a preferably circular disc that can be rotated within its plane and has translucent sectors of different colors - for example, a red semicircle and a blue semicircle. The light source is located off-center to the axis of rotation behind this filter disc. If such a filter disc is rotated about its axis of rotation, the light is transmitted in different colors over time, depending on which filter sector is currently in front of the light source. This creates the desired color change. It is not necessary to cover half of the disc with a statically fixed aperture; rather, it is also possible to constantly irradiate the entire area to be treated, with one color in one half and the other color in the other half at the same time.This effect can be further enhanced by arranging multiple light sources distributed around the axis of rotation, for example, two light sources diametrically opposite each other on either side of the axis of rotation, or three light sources offset by 120° from each other, i.e., with n light sources, offset by central angles of 360° / n from each other. If the red and blue sectors or semicircles are directly adjacent to each other, the color change is relatively abrupt. On the other hand, a preferably narrower sector with a mixed color - for example, violet - could be inserted between the red and blue sectors, so that a mixed color is active for a short time during a transition between red and blue. Such additional sectors can preferably be inserted both during the color change from red to blue and during the color change from blue to red.The invention recommends that such “transition” sectors are comparatively narrow, so for example the red and blue sectors could each have a center angle of 0.160° and the two violet “transition” sectors could each have a center angle of 20°, i.e. the full 360°.

[0037] Another possibility for a color-changing filter could be an LCD display, like those used in projectors. However, such an LCD display wouldn't need to have many pixels, as it only needs to manage the global switching between two colors. In this case, a smooth transition could be achieved using a fade function, where, for example, the color "red" gradually transitions through seamless intermediate tones to the color "blue," and vice versa.

[0038] For example, when using such a design with an LCD display, the shorter-wavelength radiation maximum and / or the longer-wavelength radiation maximum of the first device could be adjustable, preferably separately. Adjustment of the radiation maxima is also possible, for example, with multi-colored LED lamps.

[0039] Furthermore, the illuminance of the first device can be adjustable, preferably between 1 1x and 2,000 1x, for example between 2 1x and 1,000 1x, preferably between 5 1x and 500 1x, in particular between 10 1x and 200 1x. This is a type of dimmer function, with which the brightness of the light source(s) can be changed. The adjustment can be made either in steps or continuously using a potentiometer or other rotary control.

[0040] It is within the scope of the invention that the illuminance of the first device is greater for the shorter-wavelength light than for the longer-wavelength light. This can create the effect that certain bacteria, for example, those sensitive to blue light, are more strongly irradiated with the blue light.

[0041] Further advantages can be achieved if the second device has a timer or clock module from which the time intervals are derived during which the first device shines in the shorter wavelength spectral range and / or in the longer wavelength spectral range. Within the framework of such a timer or clock module, a period can either be initiated by an edge or a short pulse, and the duty cycle between the two colors is separately specified or set, or the timer or clock module itself produces a pulse with a specified or adjustable duty cycle, with a high level marking one color, e.g. "blue", and a low level the other color, e.g. "red".

[0042] The invention recommends that the time intervals during which the first device illuminates in the shorter wavelength spectral range and / or in the longer wavelength spectral range are adjustable, preferably between values ​​in the range of 5 ms to 5 s, for example between values ​​in the range of 10 ms to 2 s, preferably between values ​​in the range of 20 ms to 1 s, in particular between values ​​in the range of 50 ms to 500 ms.

[0043] It is possible, on the one hand, for the time intervals during which the first device shines in the shorter-wave spectral range to be adjustable together with the time intervals during which the first device shines in the longer-wave spectral range, or for these time intervals to be adjustable independently of one another. In the first case, both time intervals can be adjusted either in the same direction, i.e., both intervals are increased or shortened simultaneously, whereby the period duration changes but not the duty cycle; or in the opposite direction, whereby the duty cycle changes but not the period duration. Furthermore, it can be provided that it is possible to switch between separate adjustability and one or both variants of the combined adjustment.

[0044] Furthermore, the duration of any transition phase could also be adjustable.

[0045] Further advantages can be achieved by adjusting one or more parameters of the time intervals or switching via manually operable input devices or via electronic control signals. While in the first variant, the respective settings are the responsibility of an operator, in the second variant they can be specified, for example, by an electronic control system.

[0046] The invention is further characterized by a manual actuating means for switching on or for triggering a time sequence. A device according to the invention can optionally be configured such that it remains permanently active when switched on, preferably with regular color changes, until it is switched off again, or it can - for example at the push of a button - process a time-limited sequence during which the light is automatically switched between two frequency ranges in a predetermined mode. After processing this time-limited sequence, there are two options for the further course of action, one of which can be predetermined or selectable orcan be set: Either after a time-limited sequence has elapsed, the device is stopped until a further, time-limited sequence is triggered by a renewed, manual input signal, or the next sequence is triggered automatically, immediately thereafter or after a predefined or adjustable waiting time. Another possibility is to repeat the time-limited sequence a predefined or adjustable number of times and then stop the device.

[0047] A further preferred feature of the invention is at least one plug connection for connecting a data or control cable. This allows, on the one hand, stored data to be read out, e.g., switch-on and switch-off times and other operating parameters; on the other hand, it also provides the possibility of external control or the recording of data from one or more sensors. A possibly programmed time sequence can also be varied, e.g., by changing parameters, or it can be used to install software updates for an integrated control program.

[0048] In principle, the entire exchange of information between a device according to the invention and external devices can take place via a data or control cable. Optionally, at least one radio device can also be provided to receive control commands via radio or to transmit data via radio. This eliminates the need for time-consuming plug-in connections in an emergency. Furthermore, external devices such as data storage devices or controllers do not have to be located in the immediate vicinity of the device according to the invention, but can be permanently installed, for example, in an emergency vehicle.

[0049] A visual or acoustic signal element can be used, for example, to signal certain operating conditions. For example, it can be used to indicate unfavorable operating conditions such as a low charge level of an integrated battery or a memory overflow. On the other hand, it can also be used to indicate critical signals from connected sensors, such as a critically elevated patient body temperature. Of course, such critical values ​​or unfavorable operating conditions can also be communicated to an external device, e.g., via cable or wirelessly, depending on how the external device is connected.

[0050] It has proven effective to provide integrated electronics with shielding and / or radio interference suppression. This prevents the device according to the invention from being impaired in its function by other devices or from impairing the function of other devices. This also promotes interference-free wireless data transmission.

[0051] The mobility of the device is achieved by at least one integrated energy storage device, preferably at least one battery or at least one rechargeable battery. Such a configuration gives a device according to the invention the quality of a portable device. It can therefore be quickly transported to the scene of an accident and activated on a patient, regardless of whether or not an electrical power grid is available at the scene of the accident. A device according to the invention can therefore also be kept in private areas and used anywhere, for example in the garden. Furthermore, it can also be carried on excursions or trips, for example, and / or be constantly present as part of a first aid kit in motor vehicles, so that it is immediately available when needed.

[0052] If an integrated energy storage device is planned, especially in the form of an integrated battery, a plug-in connection for a charging cable should also be provided. Depending on the local conditions, an integrated battery can be charged from a permanently installed power grid or from a vehicle's battery.

[0053] The invention is complemented by an automatic charging system for controlling the charging current for an integrated battery. This allows the charging current to be limited to battery-compatible values, thereby improving the achievable operating time of the battery.

[0054] Particularly in the case where an integrated battery is to be charged from a public power grid, which is typically operated with alternating or three-phase current, a rectifier should be present or, ideally, built in to generate a rectified charging current for the integrated battery. Furthermore, a transformer can be connected upstream of such a rectifier to step down a higher voltage from a public power grid to the voltage level of the integrated battery.

[0055] Both elements—that is, a rectifier as well as a transformer connected upstream of the rectifier to reduce the voltage of a public power grid—can optionally be arranged within the device according to the invention; or in an adapter, which can optionally be integrated with the (uplink-side) power plug of a charging cable; these elements can also be provided within a charging station, where electrical contact with a power grid can be established by mechanical hooking or plugging.

[0056] The device according to the invention should be housed in a housing, preferably a moisture-proof housing. While any housing offers a certain degree of protection against environmental influences, such as dust, integrated electronics, particularly in a moisture-proof housing, are also protected against the ingress of liquids or vapors, which could otherwise cause a short circuit, for example.

[0057] To facilitate handling, the housing should have a handle, preferably on the top. This allows it to be easily grasped and placed on the area of ​​a patient or object requiring treatment.

[0058] If a switch or button is provided on or near the handle for switching on or triggering a time-controlled interval or time sequence, which can be actuated, in particular, like the trigger of a pistol, without releasing the handle, the device according to the invention can be easily placed on an area to be treated using its handle, then activated, and held in place for the duration of the treatment. If the device according to the invention is to remain in place for an extended period of time—for example, on a patient's wound—it can also be provided with a fixation device, for example, a strap for wrapping around a patient's limb, or instead of a handle.

[0059] The invention can be further developed in such a way that one or more illuminants of the first device are arranged on one side of the housing, preferably on a side facing away from a handle, in particular on an underside. Accordingly, the first device of the device with the energy converters or illuminants is located at this point on the housing. These convert electrical energy into light radiation with alternatingly different frequencies or frequency ranges, which is then directed onto the surface to be treated or disinfected.

[0060] A device according to the invention preferably comprises a plurality of illuminants arranged side by side. On the one hand, when using single-color illuminants, a separate illuminant is required for each color, thus requiring at least two illuminants or at least two types of illuminants.

[0061] However, it is recommended to use multiple light sources for each individual color, preferably arranged side by side, so that the total radiance or luminance of a color is distributed as evenly as possible across a larger treatment area. This counteracts the effect of the treatment intensity decreasing from a center of maximum luminance to a periphery of reduced luminance.

[0062] Preferably, the light sources are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, with the light sources of one color corresponding to the light squares of the checkerboard and the light sources of the other color corresponding to the dark squares. By interlacing the light sources of both colors in this way, a maximally uniform light intensity can be achieved for each color across the entire treatment area.

[0063] Furthermore, an apron can be arranged on the housing as a glare protection, surrounding the light source or the plurality of light sources. To achieve sufficient effectiveness, the device according to the invention can be provided with a very high luminosity, which could dazzle personnel – and possibly even the patient themselves. The apron according to the invention, on the other hand, protects the people working with the device.

[0064] Since the apron should completely surround the surface of the device equipped with illuminants, it will generally have the shape of a self-contained frame.

[0065] The shape of this skirt depends on the outline of the surface of the device provided with the illuminants. If the illuminants are arranged within a square or rectangular surface area, for example, the skirt could have the shape of the lateral surface of a cube or cuboid, or the shape of the lateral surface of a pyramid or a truncated pyramid, which widens radially from the illuminants to the free edge or the lower edge of the skirt. If, on the other hand, the illuminants are arranged within a circular or elliptical surface area, the skirt can also have the shape of the lateral surface of a circular cylinder or a cylinder with an elliptical base, or the shape of the lateral surface of a cone or a truncated cone, which widens radially from the illuminants to the free edge or the lower edge of the skirt.

[0066] An apron according to the invention can fulfill an additional function if its inner side facing the light source(s) is provided with a bright or even reflective surface. This is because the originally laterally directed light is then reflected there and redirected toward the treatment area, thus maximizing the irradiance within the relevant area.

[0067] The invention recommends that the apron be made of an elastic or flexible material. This allows a device according to the invention to be applied directly to an irregular surface, for example, the surface of a human body to be treated or an object to be disinfected. The elastic or flexible apron deforms as needed, adapting to the surface shape in question and providing an optimal seal, so that hardly any light radiation can escape and dazzle other people.

[0068] The invention can be further developed such that the illuminant or the plurality of illuminants is covered by a transparent cover, for example by a transparent film or a transparent pane, e.g. made of glass or Plexiglas. Such a cover primarily serves the purpose of keeping moisture, for example from weeping wounds, away from the illuminants and in particular from the electronics of a device according to the invention. On the one hand, this is intended to protect the functionality of the device from short circuits or other impairments in the long term; on the other hand, it can be prevented that, for example, resistant bacteria or other pathogens can nest between or above the illuminants and then possibly be transmitted from patient to patient.A smooth surface of the device, on the other hand, is completely within the range of the disinfecting effect of the device itself and can also be cleaned more easily than gaps and other recesses within the device.

[0069] The use of a transparent film has the advantage over a transparent pane that it can deform according to the location when applied to the surface of a body or object.

[0070] On the other hand, it should, if possible, not come into contact with a sore area of ​​the body, both to protect the wound from damage or even sticking, and to minimize the risk of pathogens being absorbed. This could be achieved, for example, by not placing a cover according to the invention directly on the free edges of the apron, but rather by setting it back inward, i.e., into the apron, for example, by 1 to 3 cm, or upwards to approximately one to three-quarters of the apron width, in particular to approximately half the height of the apron width.

[0071] If the cover according to the invention is detachably attached to the housing or apron—particularly in the area of ​​the free edges—it can also be removed and, for example, boiled or disinfected at even higher temperatures to eliminate even stubborn pathogens. In the worst case, it can even be replaced with a completely new cover in just a few simple steps.

[0072] As mentioned above, a device according to the invention can also be used to disinfect media flowing in a pipe or hose system, or to kill bacteria floating or moving therein, or to eliminate other pathogens. For this purpose, the invention provides that the device has lateral connections for connection to a pipe or hose system.

[0073] Such a device can have or enclose a chamber between its two connections for the passage of a liquid or a gaseous medium, in which the liquid or gaseous medium in question is irradiated with light of different colors. For this purpose, the wall of this chamber can be made entirely or partially of a transparent material, so that light emitted by light sources outside the chamber is radiated into the chamber in alternating colors. Although the light sources could also be arranged directly inside the chamber, it seems structurally simpler to relocate them to the outside, where they could also be repaired or replaced if necessary without interrupting the flow path within the chamber.

[0074] At least one sensor for measuring pressure or flow velocity or flow rate can be provided in or on the chamber for the passage of a liquid. Using such a sensor, it can be determined whether the medium within the chamber is flowing at all or is currently stagnant. If only a slight flow is detected, the device according to the invention can be temporarily reduced to a reduced (radiation) output; or it can be shut down completely if the flow has completely ceased. This not only saves energy, but also protects the system.

[0075] Finally, it is in accordance with the teaching of the invention that the at least one sensor for measuring pressure or flow velocity or flow rate is coupled to a comparator that activates the device for generating and emitting electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range when a predetermined or adjustable limit value is exceeded or fallen below. Ideally, these limit values ​​should be at a flow velocity of zero or at or below the threshold at which flow is still detected by the respective sensor.

[0076] Further features, details, advantages, and effects based on the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawings. Herein: Fig. 1 a device according to the invention for disinfecting cavities, surfaces or human or animal tissue in a perspective view obliquely from above, with an approximately cuboid-shaped body with a handle on the upper side; Fig. 2 a vertical section through the device according to Fig. 1 along the handle, showing a row of red and blue LEDs and their preferred light radiation direction; Fig. 2a one of the Fig. 2 corresponding representation, with only the blue LEDs activated; Fig. 2b one of the Fig. 2 corresponding representation, with only the red LEDs activated; Fig. 3 a circuit diagram for the control of the LEDs of the device from the Fig. 1 to 2b; and Fig. 4 a circuit diagram for the light-emitting diode control according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0077] Fig. Figure 1 shows that the device 1 according to the invention is extremely easy to use. It shows a roughly cuboid-shaped housing 2, on the top 3 of which is a handle 4, for example, in the shape of a bow.

[0078] The sectional view in Fig. 2 shows that the housing 2 surrounds an internal electronics 5 for controlling a plurality of light-emitting diodes 6, which are arranged in a common plane in the region of the underside 7 of the housing 2.

[0079] The housing 2 continues below its underside 7 in the form of a circumferential apron 8, the outer side 9 of which is preferably aligned with the outer side 10 of the housing 2 itself, so that from the outside it is not at all recognizable where the actual housing 2 ends and the apron 8 begins.

[0080] By means of one or more integrated batteries 11, the device 1 is independent of an external power supply and can be operated autonomously. To save space, these batteries 11 can be arranged within the handle 4, as shown for example in Fig. 2 is shown.

[0081] If - as shown in the drawing - the handle 4 has the structure of a bracket with two ends 12, 13 which are attached or fixed at a distance from one another on the upper side 3 of the housing 2, then, for example, the positive pole + of the battery assembly 11 can be led into the housing 2 via or through the first bracket end 12, for example by means of a wire, while the negative pole - of the battery assembly 11 is led into the housing 2 via the second bracket end 13 with another wire.

[0082] Furthermore, a switch 15 can be provided—preferably on the underside 14 of the bow-shaped handle 4—with which, for example, the positive supply line + from the battery assembly 11 can be selectively interrupted and closed. This switch 15 can be designed as a pushbutton that latches into each of its two switching states and then disengages again upon repeated pressing, and can be configured like the trigger of a pistol grip. This allows a person holding and guiding the device 1 via the handle 4 to actuate the switch 15 with their index finger. After each pressing of this switching element, the switch 15 alternately latches into the closed ON position and the open OFF position.

[0083] To ensure that the handle 4 can be guided as ergonomically as possible, it has a total of four approximately semicircular recesses 16 on its underside 14 for inserting a finger. Fig. 2, the switch 15 is located in the area of ​​the first of these recesses 16, which is intended to accommodate the index finger.

[0084] Furthermore, a plug connection 17 for a charging cable, via which the batteries 11 can be recharged, can be provided on the handle 4—particularly in the area of ​​one end 12 thereof. Special charging electronics, possibly including a transformer, a rectifier, and possibly a current regulator, can be arranged on a circuit board 18 within the housing 2, together with a control circuit for the LEDs 6.

[0085] If necessary, the plug connection 17 for a charging cable can also be part of a charging station which can be screwed to a wall, for example, in order to bring the device 1 for charging the batteries 11 into a defined idle state.

[0086] In the two-dimensional representation of the Fig. 2, it is not apparent that all LEDs 6 are arranged in a rectangular or checkerboard-like grid, i.e., for example, in twenty rows 19 and ten columns. If the centers of the individual LEDs 6 are each spaced 1 cm from the adjacent LED 6 in the same row or column, a checkerboard-like or matrix-like grid with twenty rows 19 and ten columns occupies a rectangular area with a length of approximately 20 cm and a width of approximately 10 cm.

[0087] However, there are two different types of light-emitting diodes 6, namely a first group of light-emitting diodes 20 which, when activated, emit light in the red frequency range of the visible spectrum, on the one hand, and a second group of light-emitting diodes 21 which, when activated, emit light in the blue frequency range of the visible spectrum, on the other hand.

[0088] The two groups of LEDs 20, 21 are arranged interlocked within the plane in the area of ​​the underside 7 of the housing 2, i.e., preferably in the manner of a chessboard, where, for example, the red LEDs 20 are located at the positions of the black squares of the chessboard, while the blue LEDs 21 are arranged at the positions of the white squares of the chessboard. In the drawing, for example, red LEDs 20 are drawn with thicker lines and blue LEDs 21 with thinner lines. It can be seen from this that in each row 19, red LEDs 20 alternate with blue LEDs 21.

[0089] If adjacent LEDs 20, 21 have a minimum distance a of, for example, 1 cm, the minimum distance a is gbetween two LEDs 20, 21 of the same color, i.e. either between two red LEDs 20 or between two blue LEDs 21, in each case the square root of two times the smallest distance a, i.e. in the example considered, about 1.4 cm: ag=212*a

[0090] The minimum distance a R between two LEDs 20, 21 of the same color, i.e. either between two red LEDs 20 or between two blue LEDs 21, within the same row 19 is aR=212*ag=2*a.

[0091] If the red or blue LEDs 20, 21 are highly focused and have a limited light cone 22, for example with an aperture angle α, then the depth t of the apron 8 should be dimensioned such that each light cone in the area of ​​a plane defined by the circumferential, free edge of the apron 8 has a diameter of at least 2 * a RThis is fulfilled if: t≥aR / tan(α / 2).

[0092] Only if this inequality is observed, it is ensured that the light-emitting diodes 20, 21 completely illuminate the entire area within the apron 8 in a plane spanned by the edges of the circumferential apron 8, without a dark spot.

[0093] This is more clearly visible in the Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, where only the blue LEDs 21 or only the red LEDs 20 are illuminated. There, neighboring light cones 22 overlap at their edges, and there are no dark spots in between.

[0094] Preferably, the cavity within the apron 8 in the region of its circumferential, free edges 23 is closed by a transparent or translucent cover 24, for example to protect the light-emitting diodes 20, 21 and the control electronics from penetrating moisture, but also to make it more difficult for pathogens to penetrate into the device 1, which could otherwise settle there and spread further.

[0095] Furthermore, the inner sides 25 of the apron 8 can be mirrored, for example provided with a reflective surface, so that the light of the light-emitting diodes 20, 21 is deflected towards the opening within the apron 8 or the transparent or translucent cover 24 there.

[0096] A circuit diagram of the electronics 5 for controlling the LEDs 20, 21 is shown in Fig. 3 is reproduced.

[0097] There you can see the positive pole + and the negative pole - of the battery assembly 11.

[0098] A forward-biased diode D 0 protects the battery assembly 11 from overvoltages and resulting reverse currents. A capacitor C 0 ensures smoothing of the operating voltage between the positive pole + and the negative pole -. In the case of the capacitor C 0 It is preferably an electrolytic capacitor, as it should have a comparatively large capacity.

[0099] Depending on the design of the battery assembly 11, the smoothed operating voltage can be 4.5 V or 5 to 6 V, 9 V or a multiple thereof.

[0100] In the circuit according to Fig. 3 the red LEDs 20 are all on the left side by diode symbols D 20 and the blue LEDs 21 are all on the right side by diode symbols D 21 . Each of these diodes D 20 , D 21 is a series resistor R 20 , R 21connected in series to adjust the respective diode current.

[0101] The cathodes of all red LEDs 20 and D 20 are connected via their respective series resistors R 20 connected in parallel to each other on a common control line 26, the cathodes of all blue LEDs 21 and D 21 via their respective series resistors R 21 parallel to each other on a common control line 27, while all cathodes of all light-emitting diodes 20, 21 or D 20 , D 21 to the negative operating voltage - or to the negative electrode of the capacitor C 0 .

[0102] In the example shown, the alternating flashing effect of the LEDs 20, 21 is generated by an astable flip-flop circuit located in the middle of Fig. 3 is shown.

[0103] The astable multivibrator can have at least two transistors T 1 , T 2, at least two capacitors C 1 , C 2 , at least two resistors R 1 , R 2 and possibly one or more potentiometers P 1 include.

[0104] For transistors T 1 , T 2 These are preferably bipolar transistors, in the example shown they are pnp transistors.

[0105] The respective emitter is connected to the positive operating voltage +, preferably downstream of the diode D 0 or at the positive electrode of the capacitor C 0 .

[0106] At the collector of the transistor T 1 is the control line 26 for the red LEDs 20 and D 20 connected, the collector of the transistor T 2 is connected to the control line 27 for the blue LEDs 21 and D 21 tied together.

[0107] This closes the circuits of the red LEDs 20 and D 20via their respective series resistor R 20 , the control line 26 and the transistor T 1 and if necessary the diode D 0 to the battery assembly 11, while the circuits of the blue LEDs 21 and D 21 via their respective series resistor R 21 , the control line 27 and the transistor T 2 and if necessary the diode D 0 are closed towards the battery assembly 11.

[0108] In other words, if the transistor T 1 is switched through, the red LEDs 20 and D light up 20 ; on the other hand, the transistor T 2 switched through, the blue LEDs 21 and D light up 21 .

[0109] The astable multivibrator ensures that only one of the two transistors T 1 , T 2 is switched on, because the collector terminal of the first transistor T 1 is via the capacitor C 1with the base terminal of the second transistor T 2 coupled, while the collector terminal of the second transistor T 2 via capacitor C 2 with the base terminal of the first transistor T 2 is coupled.

[0110] Therefore, if the transistor T 1 blocks, no collector current flows there, and the voltage on the control line 26 drops to the potential of the negative operating voltage - thus the base terminal of the second transistor T 2 a strongly negative potential, and this then switches through. In this case, the voltage on the control line 27 rises to approximately the potential of the positive operating voltage + - thus the base terminal of the first transistor T 1 a positive potential close to the positive operating voltage + and due to the small voltage difference between emitter and base terminals, the transistor T 1.

[0111] On the other hand, if the transistor T 2 blocks, no collector current flows there, and the voltage on the control line 27 drops to the potential of the negative operating voltage - thus the base terminal of the first transistor T 1 a strongly negative potential, and this consequently switches through. In this case, the voltage on the control line 26 rises to approximately the potential of the positive operating voltage + - thus the base terminal of the second transistor T 2 a positive potential close to the positive operating voltage + and due to the small voltage difference between emitter and base terminals, the transistor T 2 .

[0112] The astable multivibrator therefore has two different operating points. In the first operating point, transistor T 1 and at the same time transistor T is blocked 2- in the other or second operating point it is exactly the opposite and transistor T 1 blocks, while at the same time the transistor T 2 leads.

[0113] However, neither of these two operating points is permanently stable, but only temporarily. Because the two coupling capacitors C 1 , C 2 are charged at least by the base current flowing at the time.

[0114] During a switching process, the capacitor C 1 , C 2 , which was previously connected to the collector terminal of the last conducting transistor T 1 or T 2 was discharged to a voltage of almost zero because a potential close to the positive operating voltage + was present at both terminals.

[0115] On the other hand, the other capacitor C 2 , C 1 , which is present at the collector terminal of the last blocking transistor T2 or T 1 was charged to almost the full operating voltage because at one terminal a potential close to the positive operating voltage + was applied, and at the other terminal a potential close to the negative operating voltage -.

[0116] If this second capacitor C 1 , C 2 is fully charged, it does not allow any further base current to the previously conducting transistor T 1 , T 2 no longer through or can no longer absorb base current from there - the initially conductive transistor T 1 , T 2 goes into the blocking state due to lack of base current.

[0117] This causes the potential at the collector to drop rapidly to the negative operating voltage - and via the respective coupling capacitor C 1 , C 2 This suddenly strongly negative collector potential is shared with the base terminal of the previously blocking transistor T1 , T 2 and switches it on.

[0118] However, this switched state remains stable only for a certain time. Because the now switched-on transistor T 1 , T 2 constantly draws a base current (or in the case of a pnp transistor, this base current is donated) and thereby charges the corresponding coupling capacitor C 1 , C 2 At some point this coupling capacitor C 1 , C 2 completely charged to the potential of the operating voltage and then no longer allows any base current, which triggers the next switching process.

[0119] Through the resistors R 1 and R 2 and the common potentiometer will recharge the capacitors C 1 , C 2 of possibly scattering parameters of the transistors T 1 , T 2 decoupled and defined.

[0120] The switching frequency of this astable multivibrator is thus determined by the capacitance of the capacitors C 1 , C 2 and the values ​​of the resistors R 1 , R 2 and the series potentiometer P 1 Since the potentiometer P 1 is adjustable, the switching frequency of the astable flip-flop can be adjusted together, whereby the ratio between the lighting duration of the red LEDs 20 and the lighting duration of the blue LEDs 21 always remains constant, namely defined by the capacitance of a capacitor C 1 and the value of the associated resistance R 2 on the one hand, or by the capacitance of the other capacitor C 2 and the value of the associated resistance R 1 on the other hand. If the following applies to the capacitance and resistance values: C1=C2, R1=R2, the red LEDs 20 light up for the same length of time during their switch-on phase as the blue LEDs 21 light up during their switch-on phase.

[0121] If, however, one wants to change the ratio between the lighting duration of the red LEDs 20 on the one hand and the lighting duration of the blue LEDs 21 on the other hand, one would have to change the capacitances of the capacitors C 1 , C 2 different sizes, and / or the values ​​of the resistors R 1 and R 2 The latter could be achieved, for example, by using resistors R 1 and R 2 adjustable potentiometers can be used.

[0122] With the resistors R 20 the current is passed through the red LEDs 20, D 20 and thus their brightness or luminosity. Likewise, the resistors R 21 to adjust the current through the blue LEDs 21, D 21, and thus their brightness or luminosity can be influenced or specified.

[0123] If a statically different brightness of the red and blue LEDs 20, 21 is desired, all resistors R 20 , R 21 dimension or modify accordingly.

[0124] If, however, a setting option by the user is desired, one could, for example, connect between the control line 26 and the collector of the transistor T 1 switch on a common potentiometer, which then controls the current of all red LEDs 20, D 20 can be influenced to change their brightness or radiant power together, and by means of a control line 27 connected between the control line 27 and the collector of the transistor T 2 switched on, common potentiometer, the current of all blue LEDs 21, D 21be adjusted together to change their brightness or radiant power together.

[0125] If, on the other hand, you want to permanently influence certain parameters from a control electronics, for example, to continuously change or sweep the switching frequency, you would have to use components that are characteristic for these parameters, for example the potentiometer P 1 and / or the resistors R 1 and R 2 , electronically adjustable elements are used, e.g. transistors, which are then adjusted in a suitable manner by control electronics.

[0126] In such a case, the control electronics could, for example, include an arithmetic-logic unit, e.g., within a microprocessor or microcontroller. To be able to influence the programs stored therein, a digital interface from such a microprocessor or microcontroller, or from a memory chip coupled to it, could be provided. This could be either a digital cable connection or a wireless interface, e.g., a radio interface.

[0127] Via such an interface, new programs could be wound up, or control commands could be transmitted to the device 1 according to the invention or data could be read out from it.

[0128] This data could be operating parameters, for example, but also measurement results from sensors coupled to the electronics 5, such as temperature sensors, in particular for measuring a patient's body temperature. Such a temperature sensor could be arranged on the underside of the device 1, for example, on the underside 7, and could sense the thermal radiation emanating from the irradiated (body) surface.

[0129] On the other hand, such or comparable electronics 5 could also be used to operate red and blue LEDs 20, 21, which are not located on a handheld device, but rather on a type of pipe section that could, for example, be connected to a pipe system by means of flanges at both ends. Such a pipe section could be partially or completely transparent or translucent, and a device 1 according to the invention could be arranged on its exterior—for example, designed concentrically to the respective pipe section—in order to act on a medium flowing through the respective pipe section instead of on objects or people, and to eliminate or reduce any bacteria or other pathogens possibly contained therein.

[0130] The Fig. The astable flip-flop circuit shown in Figure 3 is characterized by the fact that the color change from red to blue and vice versa occurs abruptly, i.e., without any transition. If, on the other hand, a smooth transition is desired, for example, with the intention of capturing and damaging additional bacteria or other pathogens with a third color or a mixed color, this can be achieved in various ways.

[0131] For example, in the electronic circuit 5' from Fig. 4 between the collector of the first transistor T 1 and the control line 26 a coil L 1 switched on, and in a corresponding manner a coil L 2 between the collector of the second transistor T 2 and the control line 27 is switched on.

[0132] In parallel there is a diode D 1 or D 2 , whose forward direction is determined by the respective transistor T 1or T 2 is oriented or polarized to the respective control line 26, 27 and ensures that the switching on of the LEDs D connected to a control line 26 or 27 20 or D 21 from the coil L there 1 or L 2 is not influenced or delayed.

[0133] Are the LEDs D 20 or D 21 fully switched on, its current changes from the corresponding diode D 1 or D 2 to the assigned coil L 1 or L 2 .

[0134] When switching off a group of LEDs D 20 or D 21 by blocking the relevant transistor T 1 or T 2 the current in the associated coil L 1 or L 2 However, it is not switched off abruptly, but can be switched on via a freewheeling diode D 3 or D 4gradually decay. For this purpose, the freewheeling diodes D 3 or D 4 between the transistor-side terminal of the coil L 1 or L 2 and the negative supply voltage - switched on, with its forward direction from the supply voltage - to the respective coil L 1 or L 2 polarized.

[0135] After blocking a transistor T 1 or T 2 the associated LEDs D go out 20 or D 21 not suddenly, but continue to glow as long as the coil L in question 1 or L 2 another circulating current through the respective freewheeling diode D 3 or D 4 and the relevant LEDs D 20 or D 21 drives.

[0136] While the electronics 5' thus switches off a group of LEDs D 20 or D 21is delayed, the other group of LEDs D switches 21 or D 20 - due to the bypass diode D 2 or, D 1 This means that during a short transition phase both the red LEDs D 20 as well as the blue LEDs D 21 This creates a brief mixture of red and blue light, primarily a violet hue.

[0137] This third color tone may offer additional benefits. In particular, when applied to a human body, violet light could penetrate deeper into the skin than blue light, thus enabling disinfection in deeper skin layers or even beneath the skin.

[0138] In a further modified design, one or more neutral light sources could be used instead of red and blue light-emitting diodes 20, 21, and an upstream, disc-shaped (light) filter would have areas of different coloration, for example a red area and a blue area.

[0139] In such a case, a rotation of such a filter disc around an axis perpendicular to its plane could also locally produce a color-changing light.

[0140] In such an arrangement, a design with an approximately circular treatment surface would be preferable to a device with an approximately square or rectangular treatment surface.

[0141] On the other hand, in such an embodiment, the switching frequency would be determined by the rotational speed of such a filter disc.

[0142] Even with such an embodiment, a mixed light form could be briefly produced with each color change, for example by inserting a comparatively narrow, for example violet, filter area or strip between the red and blue filter areas.

[0143] Instead of a rotating filter disc, a filter similar to an LCD element could be used, such as one found in a so-called projector.

[0144] Even with such an embodiment, a mixed light form could be generated briefly with each color change by briefly controlling the LCD element according to a third, for example violet, light color. List of reference symbols 1 device 2 housings 3 Top 4 Handle 5 Electronics 6 LEDs 7 Bottom 8 apron 9 Outside 10 Outside 11 Battery 12 bracket end 13 End of bracket 14 Underside of the bracket 15 switches 16 Deepening 17 plug connection 18 circuit boards 19 row 20 red LEDs 21 blue LEDs 22 light cones. 23 edge 24 Cover 25 Inside 26 Control line 27 Control line

Claims

[1] Method for disinfecting a surface of an object or of a medium flowing in a cavity by irradiating it with electromagnetic radiation, characterized by that the electromagnetic radiation lies in the visible wavelength range and the color or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is switched between two values ​​in short time intervals, one of which lies in the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum and the other in the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the blue light component lies in a wavelength range from 380 nm to 520 nm, preferably in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 500 nm, in particular in a wavelength range from 420 nm to 480 nm. [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat the red light component lies in a wavelength range from 560 nm to 780 nm, preferably in a wavelength range from 580 nm to 760 nm, in particular in a wavelength range from 600 nm to 740 nm. [4] Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the illuminance of the electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength range, ie the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum or the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum, lies in the range between 1 Ix and 2,000 Ix, for example between 2 Ix and 1,000 Ix, preferably between 5 Ix and 500 Ix, in particular between 10 Ix and 200 Ix. [5] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the switching frequency is 1 Hz or higher, preferably 2 Hz or higher, in particular 5 Hz or higher. [6] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the switching frequency is 100 Hz or less, preferably 50 Hz or less, in particular 20 Hz or less. [7] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the frequency is changed by a control, in particular by an integrated time program. [8] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the frequency is increased or reduced via a ramp, preferably in a rhythmic sequence, in particular by wobbling. [9] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the ratio between the pulse duration of the pulses with different colors is approximately 50:50, or in a different ratio. [10] Method according to claim 9, characterized by that the ratio between the pulse duration of the pulses with different colors can be changed, preferably manually or by a time control. [11] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the transition from one color phase to the other color phase occurs abruptly or by gradually reducing one color phase while simultaneously or subsequently gradually intensifying the other color phase. [12] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that when transitioning from one color phase to the other color phase, both colors are emitted simultaneously during a transition phase. [13] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the phase position between the pulses of the two color phases is changed, e.g. at specific times or in a random pattern. [14] Device (1) for disinfecting a surface of an object, of human or animal tissue or of a medium flowing in a cavity, by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, characterized by a) a first device for generating and emitting electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range in the direction of the cavity or surface area to be disinfected, and b) a second device for switching the colour or wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the first device back and forth at short time intervals between two values, one of which lies in the longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum and the other in the shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum. [15] Device (1) according to claim 14, characterized by that the first device comprises one or more light-emitting diodes, the color of which can be varied by the second device. [16] Device (1) according to claim 14, characterized bythat the first device comprises a first light-emitting diode or a first group of light-emitting diodes (20), the radiation maximum of which lies in a longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum, and a second light-emitting diode or a second group of light-emitting diodes (21), the radiation maximum of which lies in a shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum, the second device switching between the first light-emitting diode or the first group of light-emitting diodes on the one hand, and the second light-emitting diode or the second group of light-emitting diodes on the other hand. [17] Device (1) according to claim 14, characterized by that the first device comprises one or more light sources and the second device comprises a filter whose relevant passband is adjustable between a shorter-wave, blue part of the visible spectrum and another, longer-wave, red part of the visible spectrum. [18] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized by that the shorter-wave radiation maximum and / or the longer-wave radiation maximum of the first device can be adjusted, preferably separately from one another. [19] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized by that the illuminance of the first device is adjustable, preferably between 1 Ix and 2,000 Ix, for example between 2 Ix and 1,000 Ix, preferably between 5 Ix and 500 Ix, in particular between 10 Ix and 200 Ix. [20] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized by that the illuminance of the first device is greater for the shorter wavelength light than for the longer wavelength light. [21] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized bythat the second device has a timer or clock module from which the time intervals are derived during which the first device shines in the shorter wavelength spectral range and / or in the longer wavelength spectral range. [22] Device (1) according to claim 21, characterized by that the time intervals are adjustable, preferably between values ​​in the range from 5 ms to 5 s, for example between values ​​in the range from 10 ms to 2 s, preferably between values ​​in the range from 20 ms to 1 s, in particular between values ​​in the range from 50 ms to 500 ms. [23] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 22, characterized by that the time intervals during which the first device shines in the shorter wavelength spectral range can be set together with the time intervals during which the first device shines in the longer wavelength spectral range, or independently of one another. [24] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 23, characterized by that the second device is designed such that during the transition from one color phase to the other color phase, both colors are emitted simultaneously during a transition phase. [25] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 24, characterized by that one or more parameters of the time intervals or the switching can be adjusted by manually operable input means or by electronic control signals. [26] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 25, characterized by a manual actuating device for switching on or triggering a time sequence. [27] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 26, characterized by at least one plug connection for connecting a data or control cable. [28] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 27, characterized byat least one radio device to receive control commands via radio or to transmit data via radio. [29] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 28, characterized by an optical or acoustic signal element for signaling certain operating states. [30] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 29, characterized by that integrated electronics are provided with shielding and / or radio interference suppression. [31] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 30, characterized by at least one integrated energy storage device, preferably at least one battery or at least one accumulator. [32] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 31, characterized by a plug connection for a charging cable. [33] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 32, characterized by an automatic charging system to control the charging current for an integrated battery. [34] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 33, characterized by a rectifier for generating a rectified charging current for an integrated battery. [35] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 34, characterized by a charging station where contact with a power grid can be established by hanging or plugging in. [36] Device (1) according to one of claims 14 to 35, characterized by a preferably moisture-proof housing (2). [37] Device (1) according to one of claims 36, characterized by that the housing (2) has a handle (4) on a preferably upper side. [38] Device (1) according to claim 37, characterized by that a switch (15) or button for switching on or triggering a time-controlled interval is provided on or near the handle (4). [39] Device (1) according to one of claims 36 to 38, characterized bythat one or more lighting means (20, 21) of the first device are arranged on one side of the housing (2), preferably on a side facing away from a handle (4), in particular on an underside. [40] Device (1) according to claim 39, characterized by a plurality of illuminating means (20, 21) arranged next to one another, preferably in a chessboard-like pattern, the illuminating means (20) of one color corresponding to the darker fields of the chessboard and the illuminating means (21) of the other color corresponding to the lighter fields of the chessboard. [41] Device (1) according to one of claims 39 or 40, characterized by that an apron (8) is arranged on the housing as a glare protection, which surrounds the illuminant or the plurality of illuminants (20, 21). [42] Device (1) according to claim 41, characterized by that the apron (8) is made of an elastic or flexible material. [43] Device (1) according to one of claims 40 to 42, characterized by that the illuminant or the plurality of illuminants (20, 21) is covered by a transparent or translucent cover (24), for example by a transparent film or by a transparent pane, e.g. made of glass or plexiglass. [44] Device (1) according to one of claims 40 to 43, characterized by lateral connections, especially flanges, for connection to a pipe system. [45] Device (1) according to claim 44, characterized by that a chamber for the passage of a liquid is provided between two connections or flanges. [46] Device (1) according to claim 45, characterized by that at least one sensor for measuring the pressure or for measuring the flow velocity or quantity is provided in or on the chamber for the passage of a liquid. [47] Device (1) according to claim 46, characterized bythat the at least one sensor for measuring the pressure or for measuring the flow velocity or quantity is coupled to a comparator which activates the device for generating and emitting electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range when a predetermined or adjustable limit value is exceeded or undershot.

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