Substructure for photovoltaic modules on the roof

Abstract

Arrangement for fastening photovoltaic modules on a roof, with a substructure having a number of fastening modules (1), wherein each fastening module (1) has a base holder (2) and a roof hook (3), wherein the base holder (2) has means for fastening to a roof beam (100) and wherein the roof hook (3) has means for fastening a rail receiving a photovoltaic module, and wherein positioning means are provided by means of which the roof hook (3) can be mounted on the base holder (2) in a position and inclination adjustable manner, characterized in that a front stage with an angle adjustment element (10) and a support sleeve (11) is provided as a component of the positioning means, wherein the support sleeve (11) forms a loose connection between the angle adjustment element (10) and a wall element of the roof hook (3) forming a roof hook segment (7).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement for attaching photovoltaic modules to a roof.

[0002] In recent years, it has become common practice or even mandatory to install photovoltaic modules on the roofs of houses to generate sustainable electricity from solar energy.

[0003] To install photovoltaic modules on a roof, a substructure is required. This typically consists of several mounting modules, to which a rail supporting the photovoltaic modules is attached. The substructure itself is attached to the roof, specifically to the roof beams. The mounting modules forming the substructure are screwed onto the respective roof beams and must be installed between adjacent, partially overlapping roof tiles so that they protrude outward beyond the roof tiles, where the rail is attached.

[0004] One problem is that the roof beams are typically not exactly parallel. Accordingly, the mounting modules installed there are not exactly parallel. This places considerable tension on the rail attached to these mounting modules, which compromises the long-term stability of the arrangement.

[0005] Another problem is that fastening modules that are not parallel to the transverse axes of the roof tiles due to tolerances in the roof joists can also cause stress in the roof tiles themselves. When subjected to external loads, especially when there is a layer of snow on the roof, there is a risk of the roof tiles breaking.

[0006] DE 20 2005 009 937 U1 relates to a heavy-duty roof anchor with improved roof tile compatibility for attaching mounting systems to pitched roofs. The connection between the head section and the middle section is forked, with the fork accommodating the counterpart to be connected and secured with screws.

[0007] US 2013 / 0 048 816 A1 concerns a mounting module for attaching a photovoltaic module to a roof. The mounting module is height-adjustable using a locking mechanism.

[0008] US Patent No. 8,806,815 B1 relates to a mounting arrangement for attaching solar modules to a roof. The mounting arrangement comprises a hook-shaped element that is adjustably mounted in a base element.

[0009] The invention is based on the object of providing a system that enables a simple, stable and failure-resistant installation of photovoltaic modules on a roof.

[0010] To achieve this object, the features of claim 1 are provided. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0011] The invention relates to an arrangement for fastening photovoltaic modules to a roof, comprising a substructure comprising a number of fastening modules. Each fastening module has a base holder and a roof hook, wherein the base holder has means for fastening to a roof beam. The roof hook has means for fastening a rail receiving the photovoltaic module. Positioning means are provided by means of which the roof hook can be mounted on the base holder in a position and inclination adjustable manner. As a component of the positioning means, a projection with an angle adjustment element and a support sleeve is provided. The support sleeve forms a loose connection between the angle adjustment element and a wall element of the roof hook forming a roof hook segment.

[0012] The arrangement according to the invention comprises a substructure with several fastening modules that are functionally identical or, preferably, completely identical. The fastening modules, whose components are made of metallic materials, are highly stable and also have a simple and compact design.

[0013] A key aspect of the invention is that each fastening module is provided with positioning means by which the roof hook can be mounted on the base bracket in a position and angle adjustable manner. The position adjustment enables both height adjustment and adjustment of the roof hook in a transverse direction perpendicular to the height direction.

[0014] These adjustment options allow irregularities in the support surfaces of the base holders on the individual roof beams to be compensated for in a targeted manner, ie even if the top surfaces of the individual roof tiles are not parallel, the fastening modules can be mounted in such a way that their roof hooks are aligned exactly parallel, with their connection means for connecting the rail supporting the photovoltaic modules also being aligned at the same height.

[0015] This allows the rail to be attached to the connecting elements completely stress-free, ensuring reproducible, long-term stable storage of the rail and thus of the photovoltaic modules.

[0016] Advantageously, the connecting means of the roof hook of a fastening module has a fastening screw so that the rail can be screwed tight there.

[0017] Each fastening module is mounted on a roof beam using the base bracket. The roof hook of the fastening module, attached to the base bracket, is inserted between two adjacent, partially overlapping roof tiles.

[0018] For this purpose, the shape of the roof hook is advantageously adapted accordingly, whereby the roof hook expediently has an S-shaped base body.

[0019] The roof hook thus forms contact surfaces for two adjacent roof panels that are partially overlapping on the roof.

[0020] The stability of the roof tiles' arrangement on the roof is therefore not compromised by the fastening modules. In fact, the specific design of the roof hooks of the fastening modules actually contributes to the stability of the roof tiles' support.

[0021] A key advantage of the invention is that the positioning means align the roof hooks in such a way that they pass between the roof tiles completely tension-free. This reduces the risk of the roof tiles breaking under the influence of external loads, especially when there is a layer of snow on top.

[0022] According to the invention, a front-mounted stage with an angle adjustment element and a support sleeve is provided as a component of the positioning means, wherein the support sleeve forms a loose connection between the angle adjustment element and a wall element of the roof hook forming a roof hook segment.

[0023] The pre-assembly stage forms a compact, modular unit, which is an essential element for the position and inclination adjustability of the roof hook on the base holder.

[0024] The front section is designed in such a way that the support sleeve passes through a hole in the angle adjustment element and a slot in the roof hook segment.

[0025] By moving the support sleeve in the slotted hole, the height of the roof hook can be adjusted. This height adjustment can be easily performed when the projection is exposed, i.e., when the roof hook is not yet attached to the base bracket, since the support sleeve can then be easily moved in the slotted hole.

[0026] It is essential that the edge area of ​​the roof hook segment bordering the slot forms a recess in which a head piece of the support sleeve is embedded.

[0027] The support sleeve is thus captively mounted in the slotted hole, so that the pre-assembly stage forms a coherent unit.

[0028] Another important design aspect of the prefabricated stage is that the mutually facing sides of the angle adjustment element and the roof hook segment have toothings which interlock when the angle adjustment element is in contact with the roof hook segment and fix their height positions relative to each other.

[0029] As soon as the angle adjustment element is pressed against the roof hook segment, their teeth engage with each other so that a relative movement of these elements is no longer possible, which leads to a fixation of the position of the support sleeves in the elongated hole and thus to a fixation of the height adjustment of the roof hook.

[0030] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base holder has a base plate and a guide protruding from the upper side thereof, which is designed to receive the front stage.

[0031] In particular, the guide has two guide wall elements oriented parallel to one another and arranged at a distance from one another, between which the pre-assembly step can be inserted.

[0032] The functionality is such that when the front section is exposed, the roof hook segment is adjusted in height by moving the support sleeve in the slotted hole.

[0033] The pre-set projection is then inserted into the guide, i.e. inserted between the guide wall elements.

[0034] Then, when the projection steps are arranged between the guide wall elements, the teeth of the angle adjustment element and the roof hook segment engage with each other, whereby the height position of the roof hook is fixed relative to the base holder.

[0035] This means that the height position of the roof hook remains unchanged, even if the screw has not yet been tightened or even if the screw has not yet been set.

[0036] For this purpose, the clearance between the projection and the guide wall elements is smaller than the tooth heights of the teeth of the angle adjustment element and the roof hook segment.

[0037] Advantageously, the front stage is mounted on the guide in a positionally adjustable manner by means of a screw passing through the support sleeve.

[0038] The screw passes through oppositely arranged holes in the guide wall elements.

[0039] The position adjustment is conveniently carried out in a transverse direction oriented perpendicular to the height direction of the roof hook.

[0040] This allows the position of the roof hook to be adjusted in three spatial directions.

[0041] Continuous adjustment of the position of the front stage in the guide is achieved by forming existing bores in the guide wall element in the form of elongated holes whose longitudinal axes extend in the transverse direction.

[0042] The screw can then be continuously varied in its position in the elongated holes, whereby the position of the front step can be continuously adjusted in the transverse direction.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, several holes arranged one behind the other in the transverse direction are provided in the guide wall elements.

[0044] By inserting the screw into different holes in the guide wall elements, a discrete position adjustment of the front stage in the transverse direction is possible.

[0045] According to an advantageous embodiment, a square nut is applied to the free end of the screw protruding beyond an outer side of a guide wall element.

[0046] The square nut is arranged in a groove on the outside of the guide wall element, which is guided by guide rails running in the transverse direction.

[0047] The square nut, which is guided in the guide rail with little play, forms a forced guide for the stepless adjustment of the front stage in the transverse direction.

[0048] Once the desired position of the front step has been set in the guide of the base holder, it is fixed by tightening the screw.

[0049] The projection can also be pivoted within the guide, allowing a specific inclination of the roof hook on the base bracket to be specified. For this purpose, the angle adjustment element forms a pivoting element.

[0050] The pivoting range of the angle adjustment element and thus of the front stage is advantageously limited to a predetermined angular range, which advantageously comprises approximately 6 to 7°.

[0051] This is achieved by having the lower edge of the angle adjustment element opposite a stop arranged on the inside of a guide wall element, which limits the pivoting movement of the angle adjustment element, three prefabricated stages mounted between the guide wall elements.

[0052] The stop is expediently formed by a shoulder extending in the transverse direction of the guide wall element.

[0053] Adapted to this, the angle adjustment element is plate-shaped, with its width corresponding to the width of the shoulder on the guide wall element minus the length of the elongated hole.

[0054] According to a structurally advantageous embodiment, the angle adjustment element has a trapezoidal outer contour.

[0055] The invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig. 1a: Embodiment of the fastening module according to the invention. Fig. 1b: Mounting module according to Fig. 1a installed on a roof structure. Fig. 2: Detailed view of a pre-assembly stage of the fastening module according to the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b a) first perspective representation. b) second perspective representation. c) Side view. Fig. 3: Top view of the roof hook of the fastening module according to the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b with the pre-construction stage according to the Fig. 2a to 2c. Fig. 4: Detailed view of the fastening module according to the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b with the front stage inserted into a guide of a base holder. Fig. 5: Order according to Fig. 4 with a screw to fix the front step in the guide a) Sectional view. b) perspective representation.

[0056] Fig. 1a shows an embodiment of the fastening module 1 according to the invention. A multiple arrangement of these preferably identically designed fastening modules 1 forms a substructure for mounting an arrangement of photovoltaic modules on the roof of a building, as in Fig. 1b illustrates.

[0057] The Fig. 2 to 5 show detailed representations of the fastening module 1 according to the invention.

[0058] The fastening module 1 comprises a base holder 2 and a roof hook 3 which is mounted on the base holder and adjustable in position and inclination. The fastening module 1 is adapted in its shape for installation on a roof structure, as in particular Fig. 1b shows.

[0059] The base holder 2 has a base plate 4 with a flat underside and a guide protruding from the upper side thereof with two guide wall elements 5a, 5b oriented parallel and spaced from one another.

[0060] The base plate 4 has a hole pattern with holes 6 ( Fig. 5b), through which fixing screws (not shown) can be guided. This allows the base plate 4 of the base holder 2 to be screwed to a roof 100, as Fig. 1b shows.

[0061] As the Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, the roof hook 3 has a substantially S-shaped base body, on the underside of which a roof hook segment 7 is provided, which is mounted in the guide so as to be adjustable in position and inclination.

[0062] On the top side of the roof hook 3 is a connector 8 for connecting a rail (not shown), which also supports photovoltaic modules (not shown). The connector 8 has a fastening screw 9 for screwing the rail in place.

[0063] In the fastening module 1 mounted on a roof, a first roof tile 102 mounted on a roof batten 101 is mounted below the horizontal section of the roof hook 3 surrounding the roof hook segment 7. A second roof tile 103 adjacent to this is mounted above this section of the roof hook 3 ( Fig. 1b). The shape of the fastening module 1, especially the roof hook 3, is thus optimally adapted to the roof structure.

[0064] The Fig. 2a to 2c show a pre-assembly stage of the fastening module 1. This pre-assembly stage consists of the roof hook segment 7, a plate-shaped angle adjustment element 10 with a trapezoidal outer contour and a support sleeve 11.

[0065] The support sleeve 11 passes through a bore 10a in the angle adjustment element 10 and an elongated hole 12 in the roof hook segment 7, with the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole 12 running in the vertical direction of the roof hook 3. The edge of the roof hook segment 7 bordering the elongated hole 12 has a recess 12b in which a widened head piece 11a of the support sleeve 11 is located. In addition, the support sleeve 11 has an edge widening 11b, which lies at the edge of the bore 10a of the angle adjustment element 10 ( Fig. 4). This ensures that the support sleeve 11 is permanently connected to the angle adjustment element 10 and the roof hook segment 7. The roof hook segment 7 and the angle adjustment element 10 are loosely mounted on the support sleeve 11.

[0066] The angle adjustment element 10 has a toothing 13a, corresponding to this, the roof hook segment 7 has a toothing 13b on its side facing the angle adjustment element 10. The toothings 13a, 13b extend over the entire width of the angle adjustment element 10 or roof hook segment 7 and are designed to be complementary to one another, so that they can mesh with one another, as the Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b. Since the angle adjustment element 10 and the roof hook segment 7 are initially loosely mounted on the support sleeve 11, the toothings 13a, 13b are not yet in engagement with each other, as shown in Fig. 2c illustrates.

[0067] In the case of an exposed projection, the height of the roof hook 3 is determined by setting a suitable position of the support sleeve 11 in the slotted hole 12. An example of such an adjustment is shown in Fig. 3. This is stabilized by pressing the angle adjustment element 10 against the roof hook segment 7, as their teeth 13a, 13b then mesh. The thus stabilized projection is inserted into the guide, ie between the guide wall elements 5a, 5b ( Fig. 4).

[0068] The distance between the inner sides of the guide wall elements 5a, 5b is adapted to the projection step such that the clearance of the projection step in the guide is smaller than the tooth heights of the toothings 13a, 13b. This means that when the projection step is inserted into the guide, the toothings 13a, 13b can no longer come loose, i.e., the previously performed height adjustment of the roof hook 3 by positioning the support sleeve 11 in the elongated hole 12 is maintained.

[0069] The prefabricated stage is mounted in the guide by means of a screw 14. The screw 14 is guided through the support sleeve 11. In this case, the screw 14 is designed as a hexagon screw. A square nut 15 is placed on the free end of the screw 14 ( Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b and Fig. 4).

[0070] On the outer side of the guide wall elements 5a, 5b, a guide rail 16 is provided, which runs in the transverse direction of the fastening module 1, i.e., perpendicular to the vertical direction of the roof hook 3. The square nut 15 is guided in this guide rail 16 with slight play.

[0071] The front-mounted step can be mounted in the guide in different transverse positions. For this purpose, the guide wall elements 5a, 5b have opposing holes 17a, 17b through which the screw 14 can be inserted, thus securing the front-mounted step in the respective position.

[0072] A pair of holes 17b in the guide wall elements 5a, 5b is each formed in the form of an elongated hole whose longitudinal axis runs in the transverse direction. When the screw 14 is inserted into these holes 17a, 17b, the position of the projection in the guide can be continuously varied.

[0073] As in particular Fig. 4 shows, a recess 18 is provided on the inside of the guide wall element 5a in its lower area. The angle adjustment element 10 is mounted above this recess. The width of the recess 18 corresponds to the width of the angle adjustment element 10 minus the length of the elongated hole. As Fig. 4 shows, the lower edge of the angle adjustment element 10 is located at a short distance from the shoulder 18.

[0074] The front step can be adjusted in its inclination within the guide. The angle range of the inclination adjustment is limited by the shoulder 18 and the angle adjustment element 10, i.e., the angle adjustment element 10 can be pivoted until the lower edge area rests against a step of the angle adjustment element 10 on the shoulder 18. The inclination angle range is approximately ± 3° to ± 4°.

[0075] Once the position and inclination adjustment of the front stage in the guide is completed, it is fixed by tightening screw 14. List of reference symbols 1 mounting module 2 base holders 3 roof hooks 4 Base plate 5a Guide wall element 5b Guide wall element 6 holes 7 roof hook segment 8 Connection devices 9 Fastening element 10 Angle adjustment element 10a Bore 11 Support sleeve 11a Headpiece 1b Edge widening 12 slotted holes 12b Deepening 13a Gearing 13b Gearing 14 Screw 15 square nut 16 Guide rail 17a bore 17b borehole 8 paragraph 100 roof beams 101 roof batten 102 roof tiles 103 roof tiles

Claims

[1] Arrangement for fastening photovoltaic modules on a roof, with a substructure having a number of fastening modules (1), each fastening module (1) having a base holder (2) and a roof hook (3), the base holder (2) having means for fastening to a roof beam (100) and the roof hook (3) having means for fastening a rail receiving a photovoltaic module, and positioning means being provided by means of which the roof hook (3) can be mounted on the base holder (2) in a position and inclination adjustable manner, characterized by that a front-mounted stage with an angle adjustment element (10) and a support sleeve (11) is provided as a component of the positioning means, wherein the support sleeve (11) forms a loose connection between the angle adjustment element (10) and a wall element of the roof hook (3) forming a roof hook segment (7). [2] Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized bythat the fastening modules (1) are identically designed. [3] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that the mutually facing sides of the angle adjustment element (10) and the roof hook segment (7) have toothings (13a, 13b) which engage with one another when the angle adjustment element (10) rests against the roof hook segment (7) and fix their height positions relative to one another. [4] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the support sleeve (11) passes through a bore of the angle adjustment element (10) and an elongated hole (12) of the roof hook segment (7), wherein in particular the edge region of the roof hook segment (7) delimiting the elongated hole (12) forms a recess (12b) in which a head piece (11a) of the support sleeve (11) is embedded. [5] Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized bythat an adjustment of the position of the support sleeve (11) in the elongated hole (12) of the wall element of the roof hook (3) causes an adjustment of the height of the roof hook (3). [6] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the base holder (2) has a base plate (4) and a guide protruding from the upper side thereof, which is designed to receive the front stage. [7] Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized by that the guide has two guide wall elements (5a, 5b) oriented parallel to one another and arranged at a distance from one another, between which the front stage can be inserted. [8] Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized bythat when the projection steps are arranged between the guide wall elements (5a, 5b), the toothings (13a, 13b) of the angle adjustment element (10) and the roof hook segment (7) engage with one another, whereby the height position of the roof hook (3) is fixed relative to the base holder (2), wherein in particular the play between the projection step and the guide wall elements (5a, 5b) is smaller than the tooth heights of the toothings (13a, 13b) of the angle adjustment element (10) and the roof hook segment (7). [9] Arrangement according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by that the projection stage is mounted on the guide in a positionally adjustable manner by means of a screw (14) passing through the support sleeve (11), wherein in particular the position adjustment takes place in a transverse direction oriented perpendicular to the height direction of the roof hook (3). [10] Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized bythat the screw (14) passes through oppositely arranged bores (17a, 17b) in the guide wall elements (5a, 5b), wherein in particular in the guide wall elements (5a, 5b) a plurality of bores (17a, 17b) arranged one behind the other in the transverse direction are provided. [11] Arrangement according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized by that bores (17b) present in the guide wall element (5a, 5b) are designed in the form of elongated holes whose longitudinal axes extend in the transverse direction. [12] Arrangement according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized by that a square nut (15) is applied to the free end of the screw (14) projecting beyond an outer side of a guide wall element (5a, 5b), wherein the square nut (15) is guided in a guide rail (16) arranged on the outer side of the guide wall element (5a, 5b) and extending in the transverse direction. [13] Arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized bythat by screwing in the screw (14) the roof hook (3) is fixed in height to the base holder (2), and by tightening the screw (14) the roof hook (3) is fixed in position to the base holder (2). [14] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that the angle adjustment element (10) forms a pivotable element. [15] Arrangement according to claim 14, characterized by that, when the prefabricated stage is mounted between the guide wall elements (5a, 5b), the lower edge of the angle adjustment element (10) lies opposite a stop arranged on the inside of a guide wall element (5a, 5b), which stop limits the pivoting movement of the angle adjustment element (10), wherein in particular the angle adjustment element (10) has a trapezoidal outer contour. [16] Arrangement according to claim 15, characterized bythat the stop is formed by a shoulder (18) extending in the transverse direction of the guide wall element (5a, 5b), wherein in particular the angle adjustment element (10) is plate-shaped, wherein its width corresponds to the width of the shoulder (18) on the guide wall element (5a, 5b). [17] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by that a connecting means (8) for the rail is provided at the upper end of the roof hook (3), wherein the connecting means (8) in particular has a fastening screw. [18] Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by that the roof hook (3) forms contact surfaces for two adjacent roof panels arranged partially overlapping on the roof. [19] Arrangement according to claim 18, characterized by that the roof hook (3) has an S-shaped base body.

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