Method for rectifying a machine malfunction of a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, with a control unit, as well as construction machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for rectifying a machine malfunction of a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, comprising a control unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, comprising a set of components and a control unit.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for correcting a machine malfunction of a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, with a control unit, and to a construction machine.

[0002] Construction machinery is frequently used in standard construction projects. Road construction machinery refers to specialized construction machines used in the construction and repair of roads and paths, such as asphalt roads. Such construction machinery, particularly road construction machinery, is described, for example, in EP2743402B1, DE102021002728A1, DE102017005013A1, EP2853639B1, EP4074894A1, and DE102013006767B4.

[0003] Such construction machines often fulfill one or more functions within a process chain on a construction site. If a machine breaks down, it can bring the entire process chain to a standstill. This is particularly detrimental to time-critical construction projects. Situations where a machine malfunction completely blocks the construction site are especially challenging.

[0004] Construction machinery of this type consists of numerous individual parts, the proper interaction of which enables the machine to operate as intended. These interacting components can function individually or in groups, particularly in individually manageable assembly groups. A construction machine thus typically comprises several system groups, each of which enables and / or performs one or more functions. For example, a hydraulic system for driving a hydraulically driven operating component constitutes such a system group. A system group, in turn, can comprise several individual modules; in the case of the exemplary hydraulic system, for instance, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a piping system, a valve, and a fluid reservoir.Individual modules are often designed as self-contained units that can be handled independently. These individual modules can, in turn, comprise a multitude of individual components and / or sub-modules. For example, a hydraulic pump, as an individual module, has numerous individual components, such as seals, a drive shaft, bearings (e.g., roller bearings), gears, etc. A machine malfunction, for example of a sub-module, can occur if only one part, such as a roller bearing and / or a seal, is defective. Specifically, a defective seal can lead to the failure of a sub-assembly designed as a hydraulic pump and also of the higher-level hydraulic system. Furthermore, it should be noted that construction machinery often features functional modules designed as individual modules, which are manufactured and installed as pre-assembled units and operated as functional assemblies.A hydraulic pump is often handled as a pre-assembled unit or "pump module," and is installed as a complete unit during the construction machine assembly process. In the event of a defect, it is also frequently replaced as a whole, since it is simpler to replace the module than to disassemble and then reassemble the pump itself. However, if, for example, a defect occurs in the primary drive unit, often an internal combustion or electric motor, a complete replacement of the entire unit is often not practical due to the effort required. Therefore, in such cases, attempts are regularly made to isolate the defect, ideally down to a single component, such as a defective seal, a faulty spark plug, a blown fuse, a broken cable, or similar issue.This means that the respective repair strategies can vary considerably from case to case and, in practice, often depend on the experience of a qualified service technician, but cannot be effectively performed by the average operator of such construction machinery. In the following, system groups, individual modules, submodules, and individual components are collectively referred to as components. A component within the meaning of the present invention can thus be a system group, an individual module, a submodule, and an individual component. A hydraulic pump itself therefore constitutes a component in the sense of an individual module, which in turn comprises a plurality of components, such as seals, gears, etc., in the sense of an individual component, and simultaneously a plurality of components, such as a housing with a bearing cover, a rolling bearing comprising several individual components, etc., in the sense of a submodule.

[0005] In the event of such a defect in a construction machine, it is common practice to order one or more spare parts and / or call in a maintenance service to the construction site. Particularly in regions with limited infrastructure and sparse population, this can take considerable time, potentially leading to significant delays. Regardless, any downtime is always detrimental to time-critical construction projects. Furthermore, on-site repairs often cannot be carried out by the personnel operating the respective construction machines, as they frequently lack the necessary expertise. Moreover, construction machines are becoming increasingly complex in terms of their components, further complicating repairs that can be performed independently by the machine operators on-site.

[0006] Starting from this, the object of the invention is to provide a way to enable the resumption of at least partial operation of a defective construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, on site as quickly as possible.

[0007] The problem is solved by a method, a construction machine, and a control unit according to the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0008] In a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for remedying a machine malfunction of a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, with a control unit.

[0009] The method according to the invention comprises, in a first step, a) the detection of a malfunction of the construction machine. In this context, a malfunction refers to a function of the construction machine that is normally present but can no longer be performed as intended due to a defect. This could be, for example, a complete failure of this function or a limited ability to perform the function, for example, due to a reduction in drive power, etc. Examples of frequently occurring malfunctions include the failure of a working device, such as a vibration excitation device in a soil compaction machine, a conveying device for bulk materials, for example, in a road milling machine, a road paver, or a feeder, etc.The failure of a drive system and / or a component of a drive train, the failure of a monitoring device, for example a sensor and / or a warning device, the failure of a lighting device, for example a warning light, a headlight, etc., the failure of a comfort device, for example an air conditioning system, etc. At the latest when components relevant to operational safety fail due to a malfunction, such as one or more safety systems, such as a collision protection system, emergency stop switch, etc., continued operation of the construction machine is disadvantageous and associated with potential risks.

[0010] The cause of the respective malfunction can be virtually any system group and / or individual module and / or submodule and / or individual component involved in the proper operation of that function. For example, if the function of a hydraulically driven device, such as a hydraulic drive, fails, this can be due to a defect in the machine control, the primary drive unit, a pump distribution gearbox (if present), a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic fluid line, a hydraulic motor, a bearing of the driven drive unit (e.g., a wheel / roller / track), a sensor (e.g., a direction-of-rotation sensor), a power supply for the machine control, a valve, etc. Therefore, in step b), the method according to the invention includes identifying a defective component of the construction machine responsible for the malfunction.In this step, the component responsible for the malfunction of the construction machine is identified and / or located. This can include identifying and / or locating a single component, a sub-module, a single module, or a system group. Within the scope of the present invention, it is therefore not essential that the specific defective component itself is always located and identified. It may be sufficient to identify and locate a sub-module, a single module, or even a system group consisting of several individual components. The crucial point is that this step ultimately identifies and locates the underlying cause of the malfunction with sufficient precision and provides the practical insight that replacing the identified and located defective component would resolve the malfunction.This step can be performed by the operator, automatically by a control unit, or interactively with the involvement of the control unit and the operator.

[0011] Essential to the method according to the invention is the examination, carried out in step c), of the construction machine's component inventory for the presence of at least one replacement component suitable for replacing the defective component and the identification of this at least one replacement component. In this case, the construction machine thus functions as its own spare parts depot. The component inventory of the construction machine refers to the pool of components that the construction machine carries with it during its intended use in the field. In other words, this step checks whether the construction machine itself has one or more components that could replace the defective component to restore the malfunction.For example, a construction machine often incorporates numerous seals in various locations, such as at virtually all fluid connection points, particularly hydraulic fluid lines, including connections between hydraulic hoses, pipes, tank connections, and connections to valves, pumps, and / or motors. Sensors, such as contact switches and distance sensors, are also frequently used in multiple units within a construction machine, either functionally identical or even structurally identical. A similar situation often applies to actuators and / or drives, such as hydraulic motors and / or pumps, electric motors, and hydraulic cylinders. Other components, such as valves, fuses, lines, and fasteners, are also frequently used in multiple units within a construction machine due to their function and / or design.In step c), an initial check is performed to determine whether the component in question is already part of the construction machine's current setup and could be used to replace the defective component. By examining the machine's own component inventory for potential replacements, ideally no external spare parts supply is required. This check is therefore based on the component inventory provided on-site by the construction machine itself. Specifically, the check focuses on components that are actively used and operated during the machine's normal operation.

[0012] Step b) can additionally include locating at least one potential replacement component. This not only makes it easier to find and locate the replacement component on the construction machine, especially for a relatively inexperienced operator. Particularly in cases where more than one replacement component is identified among the machine's components, it also allows for an assessment of which of the potential replacement components is the most suitable, for example, with regard to accessibility on the machine's design.

[0013] If, in step c), at least one component is identified and located as a potential replacement component for the defective component, then, in step d), the at least one replacement component is selected. Selection is particularly necessary if more than one potential replacement component has been identified in the preceding step. According to the invention, selection is accompanied by deactivation of the normal function performed by the selected replacement component. The normal function of the replacement component refers to the function that the replacement component currently performs in the construction machine, for example, supplying hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic system in the case of a selected hydraulic pump, sealing a sealing point in the case of a gasket, etc. Because the replacement component is intended to replace the defective component, as described in more detail below, it will no longer be required to perform its regular normal function.The normal function of the replacement component is essentially sacrificed to restore the malfunction caused by the defective component. In contrast to conventional repairs, where the defective component is routinely replaced with a new part added externally to the construction machine, the inventive method thus involves deliberately creating a malfunction by deactivating the normal function normally performed by the replacement component within the construction machine. This allows, however, the initially identified malfunction caused by the defective component to be restored, at least temporarily. In essence, this prioritizes various malfunctions of the construction machine, ideally eliminating a more critical malfunction for the machine's specific application and deliberately accepting a less critical one.

[0014] Deactivating the normal function caused by the selected replacement component can be automated, particularly with the involvement of a suitable control unit, or manual, particularly also with the aid of operating instructions issued to the operator by the control unit, as described in more detail below. The control unit may monitor and / or detect the deactivation. Monitoring can be carried out, for example, by means of a suitable sensor, or the operator can be queried via an interactive communication process, and / or the control unit can wait to continue the procedure until the deactivation of the normal function has been acknowledged by the operator. The deactivation process may additionally or alternatively include various escalation levels.The future failure of the backup component responsible for the backup component's normal function could lead to a complete failure of the normal function. In this case, it is advantageous to additionally block the normal function provided by the backup component, for example, through mechanical-physical and / or control-related means. Particularly in the case of redundant systems, however, it is also possible that the normal function itself does not fail completely, but is only possible with increased safety requirements and / or reduced functionality and / or performance. Signal transmission lines, for example, are often implemented redundantly to enable plausibility checks of signal transmission.If, for example, a signal transmission line of the previously redundant signal transmission lines is eliminated due to the future loss of the replacement component, it may be provided that the plausibility check provided in the normal operation of the construction machine is switched off and the signal transmission then only takes place via a single line.

[0015] In a subsequent step e), the defective component is actually replaced by the replacement component. In this case, replacement can, in particular, involve removing or dismantling the defective component and the replacement component, and installing or mounting the replacement component at the former mounting location of the defective component. In this step, the method according to the invention thus comprises, at least in the majority of cases, actual manual assembly work on the construction machine by, for example, the operator. However, even in this case, this work can be supported by a control unit in the manner described in more detail below, for example, by means of interactive instruction and / or control processes.This step may also include assembly activities related to deactivating the normal function of the replacement component, such as securing to prevent activation of the replacement component's normal function, sealing and / or closing connection points, disabling actuation options for triggering the replacement component's normal function, activating and / or implementing enhanced safety measures required due to the future failure of the replacement component's normal function, etc. Step e) thus encompasses, in the broadest sense, all conversion measures on the construction machine necessary to replace the defective components with the replacement component and to resume at least partial operation of the construction machine using the replacement component as a substitute for the defective components.

[0016] Once step e) is completed, the construction machine can resume operation using the replacement component instead of the defective component, with the replacement component's normal function deactivated, as described in step f). With regard to the original overall functionality of the construction machine, operation is still limited at this point, as the defective component is, for example, missing from the machine's component inventory. However, at least the functionality originally provided by the defective component can be used, even if only to a limited extent in some cases. While the machine's functionality is limited in that the replacement component's normal function is either unavailable or only partially available, this limitation is still a significant advantage.However, depending on the individual case and the current operating situation of the construction machine, this may be acceptable and even advantageous, at least temporarily.

[0017] It may be stipulated that step e) includes releasing the construction machine from the restricted operation described above. This separate release may be mandatory. It may also additionally or alternatively include verifying the malfunction restored by the replacement components. The release and / or verification may be performed on the construction machine itself or, for example, via a mobile device and / or a remote station, as will be described in more detail below.

[0018] Construction machinery of this type regularly includes a control unit which is also designed to at least partially monitor one or more operating functions of the construction machinery. It is advantageous if steps a) and / or b) and / or c) and / or d) and / or f) are carried out using a test function performed by the control unit. For example, the detection of a malfunction of the construction machinery in step a) can be performed as part of a functional integrity check during commissioning of the construction machinery.

[0019] Additionally or alternatively, the control unit may be designed to identify the defective component of the construction machine responsible for the malfunction. This can involve control unit-controlled testing of the functional integrity of a system group, an individual module, a sub-module, and / or an individual component. The testing depth of the control unit can thus encompass the level of a system group, an individual module, a sub-module, or even an individual component, depending in particular on the type of defective component and the design of the construction machine itself. For example, it is possible to identify the defect of a conveyor belt down to the individual component of the belt through suitable functional tests, whereas with a defective hydraulic pump, for example, an individual module, it is often difficult to identify the actually defective individual component within the hydraulic component "pump".However, checking whether a system group is malfunctioning due to a defective hydraulic pump as a single module is relatively straightforward. Specific functionalities available from the control unit for testing include checking existing signal and / or power transmission connections, briefly activating and deactivating drive components, etc. It goes without saying that the construction machine may also include suitable sensor devices, either additionally or alternatively, which can be used to verify the functional integrity of a system group, a single module, a sub-module, and / or a single component, particularly within the scope of the described functional test. It may be possible for the control unit to perform the identification of the defective components responsible for the malfunction entirely as a fully automated process step.It may also be additionally or alternatively provided that this step in particular is carried out with the involvement of a remote station or at least coordinated from there, whereby the procedure then additionally includes establishing a communication link, in particular wireless, between the construction machine and the exchange of data, in particular bidirectional, between the construction machine and the remote station.

[0020] There are several ways in which the inspection in step c) can be carried out. According to a preferred variant, the inspection is performed using a defined component inventory stored in a memory unit, in particular the construction machine. The component inventory thus refers to a kind of parts catalog of the components included in the construction machine. The way in which the components included in the defined component inventory are stored can vary. For example, it is possible to catalog the components, particularly exclusively, according to their design and to store them accordingly in the defined component inventory. In the simplest case, the component inventory thus comprises groups of structurally identical components included in the construction machine, such as multiple identical hydraulic pumps and / or hose connections, seals, valves, sensors, etc.A replacement component is inherently suitable for replacing a defective component if it is identical to the original component. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to catalog the component inventory according to at least one functional criterion, such as sealing function, bearing function, drive function, etc. This type of cataloging can be further refined by including, for example, dimensions and / or material thicknesses. In this case, for instance, a sealing ring made of a specific material and / or radius could be grouped together with a sealing ring made of a different material but with the same radius as a potentially interchangeable component.For example, in this case, it would be possible to assign components that are functionally identical but differ in their performance range, such as differently sized motors / pumps, valves, sensors, etc. Furthermore, or alternatively, it is also possible to expand the component inventory with interchangeability or compatibility information, i.e., to define in advance for at least one component which other components from the overall component inventory of the construction machine could fundamentally replace it. This can, for example, be specified and / or suggested by the manufacturer and / or already stored in the control unit at the factory. The defined component inventory is thus characterized by the fact that it preferably contains more than just information about what kind of components are involved, for example, based on a part number.The information associated with each component of the defined component set can include significantly more extensive information, such as compatibility information with other components (e.g., in the sense of "component X can be replaced by and / or components Y, Z, etc.") and / or locking information (e.g., in the sense of "component X may only be used to replace component Y and not component Z"), etc.

[0021] The defined component inventory may contain fewer components than the total component inventory of the construction machine. This can be due, among other things, to the fact that some components of the construction machine cannot be replaced by anything else in the machine if they fail. This could be, for example, the primary drive unit as a whole. However, there may also be further restrictions, such as those imposed by the manufacturer, that further reduce the potential inventory of replaceable components. For example, some components of the construction machine may be such that their removal for replacement purposes is unacceptable at any stage of operation, for example, for safety and / or functional reasons, such as an emergency stop circuit, etc.In the case of a construction machine with a hydraulic drive system, it is obvious that, if driving operation is desired, neither the drive hydraulic pump nor the drive hydraulic motor can be removed from the drive hydraulic circuit to replace a defective component elsewhere. For example, a functional prioritization of components can be implemented such that a component involved in a comfort function, such as air conditioning, can be used to replace one involved in a normal function of the construction machine, such as a work function, but not vice versa. In the event of a failure of a safety-relevant function, such as a brake, components involved in a normal function or a work function can be used.Components involved in the safety function must under no circumstances be used to replace a component involved in a normal function and / or work function. The individual components can therefore also be stored with hierarchical and / or functional information in the defined component inventory.

[0022] It is possible to block a system group, an individual module, an individual component, and / or a sub-module, or even several of each, from being used as a replacement component within the overall inventory of the construction machine, thereby categorically exempting it from the inspection in step c). It is also possible, additionally or alternatively, to vary this exemption depending on the situation. This means that for a construction machine with a malfunction, such as a defective drive system, only a driving mode should be provided. In this case, the replacement component can potentially be taken from a component inventory of a system group that drives a work unit. The failure of the work unit in this operating situation is acceptable, as the construction machine is only intended to operate.The situation is different, however, if the construction machine with the defective drive system is not only intended to move, for example for transport purposes, but is also meant to perform a work function, particularly while moving. In this case, it is unacceptable to remove the replacement component from the system group that drives the working unit and thereby disable its function. The replacement component must therefore be taken from another part of the construction machine's component inventory. It may therefore be possible, particularly for step c), to provide that, prior to testing, one or more desired functions and / or one or more undesired functions are selected from a complete catalog of the construction machine's functions, whereby the selection and / or de-selection of functions is taken into account during the testing according to step c).This can also be done directly on the construction machine, particularly with at least partial integration of the control unit, and / or using a remote station under the conditions already mentioned above, including interactively with the operator. For step c), it can therefore be advantageous if the testing is carried out taking into account a list of excluded components, whose components are blocked from being used as potential replacement components. This can vary depending on the situation and / or application, for example, regarding a purely transport-related application, a purely driving-related application, a work-related application, etc., of the construction machine, and / or regarding a work function, a transport function, a safety function, a power supply function, etc.

[0023] The inspection in step c) can be carried out taking into account one of the factors "identical design of the defective component and the replacement component". In this case, within the component inventory of the construction machine, which is permissible in particular in individual cases, it is only checked whether this component inventory contains a potential replacement component that is identical in design to the defective component. Additionally or alternatively, it can be stipulated that the inspection in step c) within the component inventory of the construction machine, which is permissible in particular, is carried out based on the functionally identical design of the defective component and the replacement component. Components are functionally identical if, when used as intended, they perform at least the same function, e.g., pumping hydraulic fluid, throttling and / or diverting hydraulic fluid, filtering air, driving a rotary motion, etc.As a further supplement or alternative, the testing according to step c) can also include a check to determine whether the defective component and the replacement component are performance-compatible. In this context, performance compatibility does not mean that the defective component and the replacement component must cover the same power range. It means that the replacement component must be able to provide / transmit at least enough power to actually perform the malfunction. For example, it is not possible to replace a defective electrical cable (as the defective component) with a differently designed electrical cable (as the replacement component) if the currents normally transmitted by the defective component would immediately cause the replacement component to fail. The same applies, for example, to a hydraulic valve.If, for example, a relatively precise and sensitive control of a valve is required to reproduce the malfunction, then this defective valve cannot reasonably be replaced by a replacement valve that can only be adjusted abruptly between an open and a closed position. However, if simply maintaining functionality is required and a loss of functional quality is acceptable, then such a valve can certainly serve as a replacement. For instance, if the valve mentioned above is a hydraulic valve in a hydraulic steering system, then for the operation of the construction machine, where comparatively precise steering is often necessary, it may be unacceptable to use a hydraulic valve that can only be adjusted abruptly between an open and a closed position.In contrast, for purely driving and / or transport operations, it may be sufficient if the construction machine is only comparatively imprecise but still steerable. Therefore, whether a component from the defined component inventory is a suitable or unsuitable potential replacement component can certainly depend on the situation. Another criterion that can be included additionally or alternatively in the check according to step c) is the required disassembly effort of the replacement components. Disassembly effort refers to the effort required to dismantle the replacement component. This can depend, for example, on the spatial accessibility of the replacement component, the tools required for disassembly, the total disassembly time required, the number of people required for disassembly, etc.It is advantageous if, in the event that several potential replacement components are identified in step c), the replacement component that requires less disassembly effort than the other potential replacement components is chosen.

[0024] A further development of the method according to the invention provides that the checking of the component inventory in step c) is extended, in addition to the component inventory of the construction machine itself, to at least one further component inventory of another construction machine. This means that, in particular, the control unit not only checks the availability of a potential replacement component for the construction machine affected by the malfunction within its own component inventory, but also considers the component inventory of at least one further construction machine. The specific way in which the further construction machine is considered can vary. The essential point is that it is possible to identify which further construction machine could be considered. This can be done, for example, via manual input by the operator, specifically by entering a type designation of the further construction machine and / or its serial number.It may be possible to store component inventories for other construction machines in the control unit's memory, particularly in the malfunctioning machine, so that these can be used for testing. Additionally or alternatively, it may be possible to automatically check which construction machine(s) are currently near the malfunctioning machine and consider this pool of machines, or even just individual machines, as a component inventory for testing potential replacement components. The construction machines may be equipped with suitable identification devices, such as a GPS transmitter or communication devices that enable data exchange between nearby machines, for example, via a construction site network.The component inventory of construction machinery can also include machines that are not identical in construction to the machine experiencing the malfunction. In such cases, it may be possible to assign a specific, and especially current, "importance" to each machine, particularly manually. The importance of a machine in an ongoing construction project can vary. For example, during road rehabilitation work, the plan might be to mill off a damaged road surface using a milling machine. In this case, the milling machine's functionality at the start of the project is crucial, as milling off the road surface is often the first step on such a construction site.At a later point in time, when the milling work is completed, the road milling machine is of rather secondary importance for the subsequent work in the renovation process, so that the component inventory of the road milling machine can then be used to replace, for example, a defective component on a road paver without bringing the construction process itself to a standstill.

[0025] Particularly when more than one potential replacement component is available to replace the defective component, it has proven advantageous for the inventive method to include, in step d), the selection of the replacement component taking into account a hierarchy module or hierarchy function. For this purpose, the multiple potential replacement components, i.e., for example, the structurally and / or functionally identical components identified during testing, can be hierarchically ordered, particularly depending on the current operating situation or a current operating requirement of the construction machine. The hierarchy module is thus characterized by the fact that the potential replacement components, particularly the multiple ones, are ordered in a sequence or ranking, especially in relation to each other and / or in relation to the defective component.A hierarchical order of several potential replacement components means that they are arranged in a sequence that determines which of the potential replacement components is preferentially used to replace the defective component. This hierarchical order of one or more replacement components can be relative to the defective component. If the potential replacement component is hierarchically higher than the defective component, or has been assigned a higher hierarchical rank, it is preferably not used to replace the defective component, especially if another replacement component is available that is lower in the hierarchy than the defective component. If the potential replacement component is hierarchically higher than the defective component, it may be stipulated that it is not used or proposed to replace the defective component.Additionally or alternatively, the hierarchy module can be designed such that a replacement component is only used to replace the defective component if it is classified at the same and / or a lower hierarchy level. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the replacement component used to replace the defective component is always the one classified at the lowest hierarchy level among all potential replacement components. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that several potential replacement components within a hierarchy level are prioritized, for example, taking into account the normal functions of the replacement components. Replacement components could, for example, come from system groups that fulfill purely comfort functions, such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator compartment for drinks, etc.Components that are used to operate a work function of the construction machine, even if that function is not essential, are given a higher priority than potential replacement components. This prioritization can also be application- and / or situation-dependent and may vary.

[0026] In step d), the control unit itself can deactivate the normal function caused by the selected replacement component as soon as it receives information about which replacement component has been selected. The replacement component can be selected manually by the operator, for example. Input or information transfer to the control unit can be done via a suitable user interface, such as a touch-sensitive display device, in particular a touchscreen, a keypad, etc. However, in contrast to this separate input by the operator, it is also possible for the control unit, in particular by means of a suitable sensor, to automatically detect the removal of the replacement component and then deactivate the normal function of the replacement component directly or indirectly.

[0027] In principle, the method according to the invention can be designed so that the information exchanges and acquisitions taking place in the steps of the method, in particular in steps b) and / or c) and / or d), occur exclusively within the construction machine itself, either through manual input by the operator, automatic recognition and decisions by the control unit, and / or both. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be designed so that bidirectional information exchange takes place between the construction machine and a remote station and / or another construction machine and / or a mobile device and / or via a mobile device, in particular at least partially also via manual input by the operator. A smartphone or a tablet is a particularly suitable mobile device for this purpose due to its widespread availability.

[0028] In particular, step e) may require actual manual intervention by the operator in the process of the inventive method. It can be particularly advantageous for this step if the operator can also be supported, especially by the control unit. Ultimately, however, this also applies to the other steps of the inventive method. It is therefore advantageous if, in at least one of steps a) to f), the operator is at least partially supported by means of displaying information to the operator of the construction machine via a display device. For example, in step a), the display device can indicate that a malfunction has occurred. In step b), it can, for example, display and provide step-by-step testing instructions for the operator in order to enable even a relatively inexperienced operator to identify the defective component as effectively as possible.In step c), the control unit can display various potential replacement components via the display device, for example, also indicating the normal function of each replacement component that would be lost when using it, thus providing the operator with additional decision-making support. In step d), instructions can again be displayed using the display device, as in step e). For step f), test processes and / or required approvals can be displayed. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that in at least one of steps a) to f), information is provided by the operator of the construction machine, at least partially, by manually entering information and / or commands via an input device on the control unit.In particular, a touch-sensitive display and input device, especially a touchscreen, can be used. A display and / or input device can be permanently installed on the construction machine. However, a mobile device, such as a smartphone or a cordless phone, that communicates with the control unit can also be used. Overall, this allows the method according to the invention to be designed, at least partially, as an interactive process between the control unit, especially the construction machine, and the operator.

[0029] Step e) is particularly suitable for operator support via a display device, and therefore it is preferred if the control unit displays an assembly aid via a display device, either on a handheld device or a display device permanently installed on the construction machine. Even virtual reality applications can be used to provide support, especially at this point.

[0030] Another aspect of the invention relates to a construction machine, in particular a road construction machine, comprising a set of components. Furthermore, a control unit is provided, in particular as part of the construction machine, wherein the control unit is used in particular for carrying out at least step c) according to the method according to the invention and also according to the described preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention.

[0031] The construction machine preferably comprises a display and / or input device, as described in the inventive method, and / or a communication device. This communication device is preferably designed to exchange data with a mobile device of a known design, in particular with a smartphone or a tablet. Additionally or alternatively, it may also include a remote station that is, or can be, in communication with the construction machine.

[0032] The control unit designed to execute the method according to the invention need not necessarily be part of the construction machine, since, for example, steps b) to f), in any combination thereof, can be carried out at least partially independently of the construction machine itself, particularly by incorporating operator input and / or displaying information to the operator, even if only to the extent of operator support measures. However, it is preferred if the control unit is part of the road construction machine itself and, in particular, is also designed to perform at least part of steps a), b), and d).

[0033] Soil compaction machines and / or road construction machines are particularly suitable for the application of the method according to the invention. These can be, in particular, hand-operated construction machines, especially vibratory rammers and vibratory plates, and / or self-propelled construction machines, especially tandem rollers, roller trains, road milling machines, asphalt pavers, feeders or refuse compactors.

[0034] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the figures. The figures schematically show: Fig. 1: Side views of construction machinery a) to g); Fig. 2: a schematic view of an exemplary construction machine; Fig. 3: a flowchart of a procedure for correcting a machine malfunction of a construction machine; Fig. 4: Illustration of the component inventory of a construction machine; Fig. 5: Illustration of a selection process for a replacement component; and Fig. 6: Illustration of the integration of a control unit for carrying out the procedure, in particular the one described in the Fig. 3 procedures shown.

[0035] Identical or similarly functioning components are designated with the same reference numerals in the figures. Repeating components are not necessarily designated separately in each figure.

[0036] The Fig. Figures 1a) to 1g) show various construction machines, specifically a rammer ( Fig. 1a)), a vibrating plate ( Fig. 1b)), a trench roller ( Fig. 1c)), a road paver / feeder ( Fig. 1d)), a waste compactor ( Fig. 1e)), a roller ( Fig. 1f)), specifically in the form of a tandem roller, as well as a soil milling machine ( Fig. 1g)), specifically a road milling machine. The forward direction is in the Fig. 1) to 1 g) are indicated by the arrow a. The construction machines 1 each comprise at least one working device, such as a tamping foot 2, a base plate 3, roller drums 4, a screed 5, a conveyor belt 6 and / or a milling device 7.

[0037] The stamper from the Fig. 1a) often features a crank mechanism (not shown in detail in the figures) driven by a motor, for example an electric or internal combustion engine, which sets the tamping foot in a linear tamping motion. The motor is mounted on a superstructure and the tamping foot on a substructure. The tamper may have a guide bar for guiding the machine. Such a tamper is described in more detail, for example, in EP2743402B1.

[0038] The vibratory plate from the Fig. 1b) typically comprises, in addition to the base plate, a vibration-damped support plate on which, for example, a primary drive unit and / or an energy storage device, such as a tank or an electrical energy storage system, may be arranged. These machines can also be hand-operated and have a guide handle for this purpose. For example, one or more excitation units may be arranged on the base plate, designed to apply vibrations to the base plate. These could, for example, be vibratory exciters. A vibratory plate compactor is also described, for example, in EP2743402B1.

[0039] Trench rollers, such as those used in the Fig. As shown in Figure 1c), the trench rollers comprise, in addition to a primary drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine, several roller drums 4, usually with one or more excitation units. The trench rollers can be remotely controlled. They are trench rollers with skid steering or also articulated versions, as for example in the Fig. 1c) shown, known. A trench roller is described, for example, in DE102021002728A1.

[0040] Road pavers, as in the Fig. Pavers shown in 1d) are used for laying a ground material mat, usually an asphalt mat. They have a screed 5 for this purpose. These machines are generally self-propelled and may include tracked and / or wheeled undercarriages. A feeder includes a conveyor belt instead of the screed 5. Pavers and feeders are described, among other places, in DE102017005013A1. Operation is from a driver's cab 8.

[0041] Waste compactors, such as those used in the Fig. The machines shown in 1e) are typically used in landfills for material shredding and compaction and include drums 4, the outer surface of which is regularly fitted with sheep's foot padding. These machines can be articulated and include a driver's cab, often a fully air-conditioned cabin, a blade, etc. A waste compactor of this type is described, for example, in EP2853639B1.

[0042] Rollers are used for soil compaction and can have various designs for this purpose. Besides the one in the Fig. In addition to the tandem roller shown in 1f), roller trains and other variants are also known. Rollers typically comprise at least one roller band 4, often with one or more excitation units. A driver's platform can also be included in the roller, and hand-operated variants are also known. Rollers are disclosed, for example, in EP4074894A1.

[0043] The Fig. 1g) Finally, Figure 1g shows a soil milling machine, specifically of the type road milling machine. These machines are used for milling up and / or down the subsoil to a milling depth and comprise a milling unit 7 and, for example, a transport conveyor belt 6. A soil milling machine is disclosed, for example, in DE102013006767B4.

[0044] In particular, the construction machines shown in figures a), 1b), 1d), 1f) and 1g) are also referred to as road construction machines.

[0045] All of the in the Fig. The construction machinery shown in sections 1a) to 1g) comprises a drive motor and a drive system. The drive motor can be an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a hybrid system, or similar. More than one drive motor may be present. The drive motor(s) can power one or more drive trains. These can be fully mechanical, fully electric, partially hydraulic, in particular electro-hydraulic, mechanical-hydraulic, or even electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical. Furthermore, one or more drive trains may be provided to power one or more travel drives and / or working drives for one or more work units or secondary units. Comfort functions, such as an air conditioning system, may also be included and powered. Additionally, or alternatively, safety-related systems, such as monitoring devices, emergency stop circuits, etc., may also be included.Furthermore, the machines often include one or more sensors for monitoring individual or multiple operating and work functions. Hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, and other fluid systems can have a large number of lines and valves. Systems for supplying electrical power and / or transmitting signals can also include a large number of lines, switches, fuses, etc.

[0046] All machines can also have one or more display devices 9. These can be signal lights but especially also screens.

[0047] The machines may also have an input device 10 through which an operator can make operating inputs to the respective machine, for example, for entering control settings. These can be switches, levers, pedals, etc., but in particular also one or more keyboards or similar devices.

[0048] The display devices 9 and the input devices 10 can also be combined with each other in the sense of an HMI interface and, in particular, can be designed as a whole as a touch-sensitive display device, especially as a touchscreen. The use of one or more handsets is also possible, as shown in the Fig. 1c) shown as an example. In this case, a signal transmission connection 11 must exist between the handset and the base unit.

[0049] The construction machinery of Fig. 1a) to 1g) can comprise a control unit 12. This unit can be configured to control one or more machine functions. It can be configured to at least partially carry out the procedure described in more detail below. It can be part of a mobile unit or a remote station.

[0050] Construction machinery thus represents a complex system comprised of numerous individual components, which in turn can form interacting subunits, etc. This is evident in the Fig. 2 is shown schematically for explanatory purposes, where in the Fig. 2 focuses primarily on parts of a hydraulic system. This serves only for illustration and is in no way intended to limit the underlying concept of the invention.

[0051] The construction machine 1 therefore comprises a series of system groups 13, such as a primary drive unit 14 and a hydraulic system 15. These system groups are characterized by the fact that they represent a systemically interacting unit.

[0052] The system group “primary drive unit 14”, for example, provides the drive energy required for the driving and working operation of the construction machine 1 and comprises a large number of individual modules 16, such as a tank module 17, an engine module 18, etc. These individual modules 16 denote structurally and / or functionally related further subunits, which in turn are further subdivided into their individual components 19, such as screws / nuts / pipes 23, etc., or again into further submodules 20, such as a fuel pump 21, which in turn has further subunits and / or individual components, such as a seal 22, etc.

[0053] The other components of construction machine 1 also exhibit this systematic structure, as shown in the Fig. 2, for example, is shown as an alternative to a part of system group 13, "hydraulic system." This system group 13 includes, among other things, individual modules 16 in the form of a pump distributor gear module 23, several hydraulic pumps 24, several hydraulic motors 25, hydraulic valves 26, which in turn consist of several individual components and / or further submodules, as well as individual components 19, such as hydraulic lines 27, etc. This basic system structure applies in principle to all of the components shown in the Fig. Figures 1a) to 1g) show the complete set of components of such a construction machine. The total number of components of such a construction machine can thus be divided into system groups 13, individual modules 16, individual components 19, submodules 20, etc. The units encompassed in such a classification, in particular from system groups 13 down to individual components 19, are referred to herein as the total number of components of a construction machine. It is understood that one and the same individual component 19 can, according to such a classification, simultaneously be part of several components of the construction machine. For example, a seal of a housing cover of a hydraulic pump is a component in the sense of an individual component, in the sense of a submodule as part of the housing, in the sense of an individual module as part of the hydraulic pump, and in the sense of a system group as part of a hydraulic system.

[0054] Fig. Section 2 further clarifies the potential consequences of a defect in one of the aforementioned components. For example, if the housing cover seal of a hydraulic pump mentioned in the previous example is defective, not only is the seal itself defective as an individual component, but also the individual module "hydraulic pump," the system group "hydraulic system," etc. These components are then defective components. The machine function that fails or is at least impaired by the defect constitutes the malfunction.

[0055] Such a defect can be remedied by replacing either the defective component "seal" as a single part, the defective component "hydraulic pump" as a single module, or the entire system assembly "hydraulic system". In practice, this usually involves replacing the respective defective component with a new one, for example, in a workshop or by a service provider that carries the necessary spare parts.

[0056] The inventive method 28, which is described in more detail below, now takes a different approach and pursues the approach of a “compromise repair”, in which the component inventory of the construction machine itself is used as a parts reservoir to rectify the malfunction caused by the defective component.

[0057] Method 28 for remedying a machine malfunction of a construction machine 1, in particular a road construction machine, with a control unit 12, comprises several steps a) to f), which are explained in more detail below in addition to those in the preceding paragraphs with reference to the figures.

[0058] In step a), a malfunction of the construction machine 1 is detected. This can be done by the operator and / or by the control unit 12, for example, using one or more suitable sensors that monitor the respective machine function. At the end of step a), the only information available is whether a malfunction has occurred, in which case the procedure continues with step b), or whether no malfunction has occurred, in which case the procedure ends at this point with step g).

[0059] In step b), a defective component of construction machine 1 responsible for the malfunction is identified. If at least one defective component cannot be identified in this step b), the procedure is either terminated (step g)) or the identification is attempted again. Ideally, at least one defective component responsible for the malfunction can be identified in this step. This can be done, for example, through manual input by the operator and / or automatically / semi-automatically and / or autonomously using suitable testing procedures, in which case, for example, suitable sensors, etc., may be integrated into the construction machine.Identifying the defective component can therefore also lead to several defective components being identified as being responsible for the malfunction, for example at different levels of the subdivision of the total component inventory of the construction machine within a system group, a single module, a sub-module and / or a single component.

[0060] Based on the identified at least one defective component, it is now planned that in step c) the components of the construction machine will be checked for the presence of at least one replacement component suitable for replacing the defective component, and that this at least one replacement component will be identified. A possible principle underlying this step is described in the Fig. 4 is illustrated in more detail. 29 denotes the entirety of all components of a construction machine 1 and thus the total component inventory. This can be stored, for example, in a storage device, in particular in the construction machine 1 itself or a mobile unit or a remote station, and preferably subdivided in the form of a structured parts catalog, sensibly, for example, according to design-related, functional, local and / or other criteria. In the Fig. For example, a “sealing group 29.1”, a “conducting group 29.2”, a “fastening group 29.3”, etc., are specified. This provides a recorded or known pool of components encompassed by and carried by the construction machine 1, which can now be used as a basis for replacing the defective component.

[0061] It is possible to further define the total component inventory of construction machine 1 and to categorically block certain components from this inventory, for example, to prevent them from being used as potential replacements. In other words, starting from the total component inventory 29, it is possible to define a specific component inventory 30, whereby the definition criteria can vary depending on the situation. A smaller component inventory is required for pure transport operation of the construction machine than for work operation, since the work units typically do not need to be operated during transport. Components that are frequently categorically blocked as replacements are often components of the primary drive unit, so that the drive energy required for the operation of the construction machine can be generated in the first place.In the defined component inventory, each component is thus assigned at least one additional piece of information, for example, its suitability as a potential replacement component (white in the defined component inventory 30) or its categorical exclusion as such (black in the defined component inventory 30). The defined component inventory therefore comprises a component inventory 31 that is actually available for step c) and an exclusion component inventory 32, whereby only component inventory 31 is checked for step c).

[0062] Identifying at least one replacement component essentially means, first and foremost, that a potential replacement component is found within the total component inventory. However, identification can also include further information, such as identifying the potential replacement component's current location within the construction machine ("localizing"), assigning the potential replacement component to, for example, a system group and / or operating and / or work function of the construction machine, etc. This can be done in particular by the control unit 12 and / or displayed to the operator via the display unit 9, either stationary on the construction machine or via a mobile device.

[0063] The testing for potential replacement components for the defective components can be carried out according to various criteria, for example. This illustrates the Fig. 5. The defective component is designated 33. It may, for example, exhibit a design criterion I, a functional criterion II, a performance criterion III, and / or a disassembly effort criterion IV. These criteria are described in the Fig. Figure 5 illustrates the inner box for I, the outer box for II, the line thickness for III, and the line type for IV. Figure 34 indicates various (potential) replacement components 34 (at this stage of the process). Replacement component 34a is structurally identical to the defective component 33. 34b is a replacement component functionally identical to the defective component 33, and 34c is a replacement component performance-compatible with the defective component. 34d denotes a potential replacement component that is not only structurally identical but would only be accessible with increased disassembly effort. For the [unclear] in the Fig. In the case shown in Figure 5, where all four potential replacement components 34a to 34d are found and identified, the selection would therefore sensibly fall on replacement component 34a, for example.

[0064] The selection and review can also be carried out taking into account a hierarchy module H, as described in the Fig. Figure 5 is also illustrated as a further option. In the present embodiment, there are three hierarchy levels iii (replacement components 34c and d), ii (replacement component 34b), and iii (replacement component 34a) compared to the defective component 33. This means that component 34a, with the lowest hierarchy in the component inventory, is preferably always selected over replacement components 34b to d.

[0065] If one or more potential replacement components are identified as suitable replacements for the defective component, the next step (d) involves selecting at least one replacement component and deactivating the normal function performed by that component. The normal function of the replacement component refers to the work and / or operational function to which the potential replacement component contributes. Conversely, the normal function is the function that would constitute a malfunction of the construction machine if the potential replacement component were defective. Deactivation can be performed by the operator or, for example, automatically by the control unit 12. The control unit 12 may also provide operator assistance, for example, by displaying operating instructions.The selection can also be performed by the control unit 12 itself, for example, using suitable control software. However, it can also be provided that the operator makes the selection and transmits it to the control unit 12, for example, via the input device 10. Here, too, the control unit can provide support, for example, by indicating via the display device which machine function would be sacrificed if a potential replacement component is selected as the actual replacement component.

[0066] Once a replacement component has been selected, it is planned that in step e) the defective component 33 will be replaced by the replacement component 34. This can be done by a corresponding exchange, in particular also manually by an operator, whereby in this step, the supportive involvement of the control unit 12, in particular by providing suitable assembly instructions, is preferred.

[0067] Once the necessary modifications according to step e) have been completed, the construction machine is then operated in step f) using the replacement component instead of the defective component, with the replacement component's normal function deactivated. The machine's functionality therefore remains limited. Ideally, the loss of the replacement component's normal function is less significant than the malfunction caused by the defective component.

[0068] The procedure can include, at each of steps a) to f), either individually or in virtually any combination thereof, a test function performed by the control unit 12 in step h). This test function is generally understood to be a measure supporting the respective step and performed independently by the control unit 12. For this purpose, the control unit 12 may perform one or more functional tests, plausibility checks, and / or similar actions. The control unit may be in signal transmission communication with one or more sensors of the construction machine and / or query certain functionalities via the operator.The testing function can therefore also be designed as an interactive process in which the control unit, for example displayed via the display device 9, prompts and guides the operator to query certain facts and / or receives the information required for testing via manual inputs from the operator, which he enters via the input device 10.

[0069] Fig. Figure 6 illustrates further details regarding the integration of the control unit 12. This unit can, for example, retrieve information on at least one of the component sets 29, 30, 31, 32 from a storage unit 35. The storage unit 35 and / or the control unit 12 can be part of the construction machine 1 itself and / or be connected via a mobile unit 36 ​​( Fig. 1c) and / or be provided at least partially via a remote station 37 and / or be in communication connection with it. For this purpose, the construction machine 1, the mobile unit 36 ​​and / or the remote station may have and use suitable communication means 39, in particular for wireless data transmission. The control unit 12 may also be connected to a sensor device 38, comprising one or more sensors 38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, which may be used, for example, for one or more of the aforementioned test functions. The control unit 12 may also be in signal connection with the input device 10 and / or the display device 9.

[0070] Fig. 6. It further clarifies that it is additionally possible to extend the pool of potentially available replacement components within the meaning of the invention to other construction machines, preferably those located near the construction machine with the current malfunction. This is shown in the Fig. 6 is specified in that, in addition to the defined component set 30 of construction machine 1 in the storage unit 35, the control unit 12 can optionally also take into account a further component set 30' of another construction machine 1'. The search for and identification of other construction machines 1' can be carried out manually and / or automatically by construction machine 1. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 2743402B1 [0002, 0037, 0038] DE 102021002728A1 [0002, 0039] DE 102017005013A1 [0002, 0040] EP 2853639B1 [0002, 0041] EP 4074894A1 [0002, 0042] DE 102013006767B [0002, 0043]

Claims

[1] Method (28) for eliminating a machine malfunction of a construction machine (1), in particular a road construction machine, with a control unit (12), comprising the steps: (a) detection of a malfunction of the construction machine (1); b) determining a defective component (33) of the construction machine (1) responsible for the malfunction; c) checking a component inventory of the construction machine (1) for the presence of at least one replacement component (34) suitable for replacing the defective component (33) and identifying the at least one replacement component (34); d) selecting the at least one replacement component (34) and deactivating the normal function effected by the selected replacement component (34); e) replacing the defective component (33) with the replacement component (34); f) continuing operation of the construction machine (1) using the replacement component (34) instead of the defective component (33) with the normal function of the replacement component (34) deactivated. [2] Method (28) according to claim 1, characterized by that steps a) and / or b) and / or c) and / or d) and / or e) and / or f) are carried out with the aid of a test function (h) carried out by the control unit (12). [3] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in step c) the checking (h) is carried out on the basis of a defined component inventory (30) stored in a storage unit (35), wherein the defined component inventory (30) contains fewer components than a total component inventory (29) of the construction machine (1). [4] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat in step c) the checking is carried out taking into account an exclusion component inventory (32) whose components are blocked for use as potential replacement components (34). [5] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in step c) the check is carried out taking into account one of the factors - identical design of the defective component (33) and the replacement component (34), - functionally identical design of the defective component (33) and the replacement component (34), - performance-compatible design of the defective component (33) and the replacement component (34) and / or - Dismantling effort occurs. [6] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat in step c) the checking of the component inventory (29) is extended to at least one further component inventory (29') of a further construction machine (1') in addition to the component inventory (29) of the construction machine (1). [7] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in step d) the selection of the replacement component (34) takes place taking into account a hierarchy module (H) which hierarchically orders components of the same construction and / or function, in particular depending on the current operating situation or a current operating requirement of the construction machine (1). [8] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in step d) the deactivation of the normal function effected by the selected replacement component (34) is carried out by the control unit (12) as soon as the control unit (12) has the information about which replacement component (34) has been selected [9] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that steps b) and / or c) and / or d) comprise a bidirectional exchange of information between the construction machine (1) and a remote station and / or another construction machine (1'). [10] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that at least one of steps a) to f) - at least partially by means of displaying information for an operator of the construction machine (1) via a display device (9) and / or - is carried out at least partially by means of manual input of information and / or commands by an operator of the construction machine (1) via an input device (10). [11] Method (28) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in step e) the control unit (12) displays an assembly aid via a display device (9). [12] Construction machine (1), in particular road construction machine, with a component inventory and control unit (12), wherein the control unit (12) is designed in particular to carry out at least step c) according to one of claims 1 to 11. [13] Construction machine (1) according to claim 12, characterized by that the control unit (12) is part of the construction machine and is in particular also designed to carry out steps a), b) and d). [14] Construction machine (1) according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized by that it is a soil compaction machine and / or road construction machine, in particular a hand-held construction machine, in particular a vibratory rammer or a vibrating plate, and / or a self-propelled construction machine, in particular a tandem roller, a single-drum roller, a road milling machine, a road paver, a feeder or a refuse compactor.

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