Precast concrete element, in particular precast concrete wall, building structure and method for producing a precast concrete element

Abstract

A precast concrete element (2.1), in particular a precast concrete wall, comprises a base body (4) made of concrete and at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b) made of a different material than the base body (4), and connected to the base body (4) by casting, wherein the volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b) and the base body (4) is at least 1:4 and / or wherein the area ratio between the surface areas of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b) and the base body (4) on at least one side surface (7) of the precast concrete element (2.1) is at least 1:1. A building structure (1) with at least one such precast concrete element (2.1) and a method for producing such a precast concrete element (2.1).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a precast concrete element, in particular a precast concrete wall. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building structure comprising such a precast concrete element. The invention also relates to a method for producing a precast concrete element.

[0002] Precast concrete elements, particularly in the form of precast concrete walls, are known from prior use. After their production, such precast concrete elements are transported from a production site to a designated location, where they are assembled to form a building structure. Given rising energy and transport costs, as well as the increasingly important aspect of reducing CO2 emissions, new requirements must be placed on such precast concrete elements.

[0003] The invention is based on the object of providing an improved precast concrete component which can be produced in a particularly energy-efficient manner and with reduced material usage, is particularly lightweight and has improved insulating properties.

[0004] This object is achieved by a precast concrete part with the features of claim 1. It has been recognized that a precast concrete part with a base body made of concrete can have at least one concrete replacement body which consists of a different material than the base body and is connected to the base body by casting in order to be particularly energy-efficient and economical to manufacture and transport, as well as to have improved insulating properties. Connecting the base body to the concrete replacement body by casting avoids additional assembly steps and assembly material and promotes production efficiency. Preferably, a volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body is at least 1:4 and / or an area ratio between the surface portions of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body is at least 1:1 on at least one side surface of the precast concrete part.Such a precast concrete element allows for significant savings in concrete material and is particularly cost-effective to produce. Because at least one of the concrete replacement elements is made of a different material than the base element, the precast concrete element can be produced in a particularly lightweight, robust manner, and with significantly improved insulating properties. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions during production and transport can be reduced.

[0005] Particularly preferably, the volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body is at least 2:4, in particular at least 3:4, in particular at least 1:1, in particular at least 1.5:1, in particular at least 2:1, and / or at most 4:1, in particular at most 2:1.

[0006] The area ratio between the surface portions of at least the concrete replacement body and the base body can be at least 1.5:1, in particular at least 2:1, in particular at least 3:1, in particular at least 4:1, and / or a maximum of 8:1, in particular a maximum of 6:1, in particular a maximum of 4:1, on at least one side surface of the precast concrete element.

[0007] The volume ratio and / or the area ratio are preferably determined taking into account all of the concrete replacement bodies of the precast concrete element.

[0008] Concrete refers, in particular, to concrete without reinforcement and / or with reinforcement, especially reinforced concrete. The concrete can be non-self-compacting or self-compacting, especially gravity-deflating concrete.

[0009] Preferably, the precast concrete element is a component for producing a building structure, in particular a residential building and / or an office building, in particular a prefabricated house.

[0010] The precast concrete element can be formed as a single piece. Preferably, the precast concrete element consists of the base body and at least one concrete replacement body. The base body can be manufactured in a single or multiple casting steps.

[0011] The at least one concrete replacement body can comprise, in particular consist of, a solid body, in particular with a homogeneous density distribution, and / or a hollow body, in particular with a plastic wall, and / or a foam body, for example made of a plastic, in particular polystyrene and / or polyurethane. The at least one concrete replacement body is preferably dimensionally rigid, in particular inherently stable and / or castable.

[0012] By casting the at least one concrete replacement body with the base body, in particular a form-fitting connection, in particular a non-destructively detachable connection, is created.

[0013] According to one aspect, the precast concrete element is a precast concrete slab. A slab-shaped body is understood to be a body in which the ratio between its smallest dimension in a main extension plane and its dimension perpendicular to the main extension plane is at least 2:1, in particular at least 4:1, in particular at least 6:1. The dimension perpendicular to the main extension plane is referred to as the thickness. The thickness of the slab-shaped body, in particular of the precast concrete slab, is preferably substantially constant. The precast concrete slab is preferably rectangular in a direction viewed along the main extension plane.

[0014] Preferably, the at least one concrete replacement body is plate-shaped.

[0015] The thickness of the precast concrete slab is preferably in the range from 5 cm to 30 cm, in particular from 8 cm to 24 cm, in particular from 10 cm to 16 cm. The thickness of the at least one concrete replacement body is preferably in a range from 0.5 cm to 15 cm, in particular from 1 cm to 12 cm, in particular from 2 cm to 12 cm, in particular from 4 cm to 10 cm.

[0016] The precast concrete element preferably has a height in a range of 2.0 m to 3.6 m, in particular from 2.2 m to 3.2 m, in particular from 2.4 m to 3.0 m and / or a width in the range of 1 m to 12 m, in particular from 3 m to 8 m.

[0017] According to a further aspect, the precast concrete slab can be a precast concrete wall and / or a precast concrete ceiling and / or a precast concrete floor. Such a precast concrete component can be formed particularly economically with the at least one concrete replacement body and is used particularly extensively in building structures.

[0018] According to a further aspect, on at least one of the two main sides of the precast concrete slab, the area ratio between the surface portions of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body is at least 1:1, in particular at least 1.5:1, in particular at least 2:1, in particular at least 2.5:1, in particular at least 3:1, in particular at least 4:1, and / or a maximum of 8:1, in particular a maximum of 6:1, in particular a maximum of 4:1. The precast concrete component can be designed as a precast concrete wall, preferably as an external building wall, and / or as a precast concrete ceiling. Such a precast concrete slab has improved insulating properties. Insulating properties are understood to mean, in particular, thermal and / or sound insulation properties.

[0019] According to a further aspect, the at least one concrete replacement body can comprise, in particular consist of, an insulating material and / or a renewable raw material, in particular wood. The insulating material can comprise, in particular consist of, a foam material, for example a plastic foam, in particular Styrofoam and / or a mineral and / or ceramic foam material, in particular hollow glass and / or mineral foam, in particular calcium silicate foam, and / or a fiber material, in particular glass wool, and / or natural fibers, in particular natural fiber wool and / or plastic fibers, in particular polypropylene fibers. The renewable raw material can comprise, in particular consist of, natural fibers, in particular wood fibers and / or hemp fibers, in particular wood wool and / or hemp wool, and / or wood, in particular solid wood and / or plywood and / or chipboard. Such materials have a particularly low density and / or low thermal conductivity.By integrating the insulation material into the precast concrete element, the subsequent application of appropriate insulation, especially thermal insulation, can be avoided. This not only reduces the effort and costs involved in production but also reduces the volume occupied by the precast concrete element. The resulting space savings are becoming increasingly important, especially given rising land prices.

[0020] Preferably, the density of the material of at least one concrete replacement body is a maximum of 2 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 1.5 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 1 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 0.75 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 0.5 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 0.2 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 0.1 t / m 3 , in particular a maximum of 0.05 t / m 3 , and / or at least 0.01 t / m 3 , in particular at least 0.05 t / m 3, in particular at least 0.1 t / m 3 , at least 0.2 t / m 3 , in particular at least 0.5 t / m 3 This makes the precast concrete element lightweight and mechanically robust.

[0021] Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the material of the at least one concrete replacement body is at most 2 W / mK, in particular at most 1 W / mK, in particular at most 0.5 W / mK, in particular at most 0.2 W / mK, in particular at most 0.1 W / mK, in particular at most 0.05 W / mK, in particular at most 0.02 W / mK, in particular at most 0.04 W / mK, and / or at least 0.06 W / mK, in particular at least 0.1 W / mK. As a result, the precast concrete element has improved insulating properties.

[0022] According to a further aspect, the base body frames the at least one concrete replacement body at least partially, in particular completely. Preferably, the at least one concrete replacement body and / or the precast concrete part are plate-shaped and rectangular in a plan view of their respective main extension plane. The base body frames the at least one concrete replacement body preferably on at least two, in particular on at least three, in particular on four, of its narrow sides, in particular on its four narrow sides in total. In other words, the base body frames the at least one concrete replacement body preferably over an angle of at least 180°, in particular of at least 240°, around a geometric center of gravity of the concrete replacement body, in particular in a plan view of the main extension plane of the precast concrete part. As a result, the precast concrete part is structurally particularly robust.Forces can be particularly reliably carried by the base body and / or transferred between the base body and the concrete replacement body.

[0023] According to a further aspect, the base body has at least two, in particular three, in particular at least four, columns spanned by a lintel. The columns and the lintel can frame the at least one concrete replacement body, at least in sections. The at least one concrete replacement body is preferably arranged, in particular in each case, between two of the columns. As a result, load can be transferred essentially by the base body. The lintel can be a concrete lintel, in particular a reinforced concrete lintel, and / or a wooden lintel and / or a brick lintel. Thus, a concrete replacement body that is structurally less resilient but particularly lightweight can be used.

[0024] According to a further aspect, the base body comprises reinforcement, in particular structural steel. The reinforcement is preferably arranged in the area of ​​the columns and / or the lintel. This relieves mechanical stress on the concrete replacement body. Preferably, the base body alone is designed to be load-bearing, particularly in the structural calculation of the precast concrete element, in particular of a building structure constructed therewith.

[0025] According to a further aspect, the connection between the base body and the at least one concrete replacement body can be designed to transmit loads. The at least one concrete replacement body can be taken into account in the load transfer, in particular in the static calculation. The base body can be designed without reinforcement. In particular, the connection between the base body and the at least one concrete replacement body can be designed to transmit vertical loads. The connection can be form-fitting and / or material-fitting. For example, the concrete replacement body can have a high surface roughness, in particular an average roughness depth Rz of at least 1 mm, in order to form undercuts with the base body suitable for load transfer, in particular in the vertical direction.The at least one concrete replacement body can have recesses, in particular bores, and / or projections, in particular pin-shaped projections, in particular screws and / or nails, and / or angles, in particular metal angles, in order to form a positive connection with the base body.

[0026] The projections and / or recesses, in particular pin-shaped ones, can be oriented at an angle, in particular of at least 5°, in particular of at least 10°, in particular of at least 25°, to a main extension plane of the at least one concrete replacement body. At least two of the recesses and / or projections can be oriented obliquely to one another. This achieves a particularly strong connection between the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body.

[0027] Preferably, the projections, in particular pin-shaped ones, have a dual function: to establish a positive connection with the base body and to connect at least two of the concrete replacement bodies. This makes the connection between the base body and the at least one concrete replacement body particularly robust.

[0028] According to a further aspect, the at least one concrete replacement body can be plate-shaped, in particular cuboid-shaped. The wall thickness of the plate-shaped concrete replacement body is preferably in a range from 1 cm to 30 cm, in particular from 4 cm to 24 cm, in particular from 8 cm to 16 cm.

[0029] The wall thickness of the precast concrete element, in particular the precast concrete slab, is preferably in a range of 8 cm to 30 cm, in particular of 10 cm to 24 cm.

[0030] According to a further aspect, the precast concrete element can have at least two of the concrete replacement bodies. The at least two concrete replacement bodies can each be arranged between two of the columns. At least one of the columns is preferably arranged between the at least two concrete replacement bodies. Several of the concrete replacement bodies can also be arranged between two of the columns. For example, at least two concrete replacement bodies can be arranged between two columns with their main surfaces adjacent to one another. The at least two concrete replacement bodies can form at least two layers oriented parallel to the main extension plane of the precast concrete element. The base body can form a further layer parallel thereto.

[0031] According to a further aspect, the at least two concrete replacement bodies can be made of different materials, for example, wood and / or insulating material. This allows the properties of the precast concrete element to be adjusted particularly flexibly. For example, a concrete replacement body located on the outside of the precast concrete element can be designed to be particularly robust mechanically, in particular, made of wood. In contrast, a concrete replacement body located further toward the center of the precast concrete element can have better insulating properties or be less mechanically stable, in particular, made of foam.

[0032] The at least one concrete replacement body and / or the base body can form an edge or cover layer and / or a core layer of a multi-layer precast concrete element. In particular, the at least one concrete replacement body or the base body can form the two cover layers, and the base body or the at least one concrete replacement body can form the at least one core layer of the precast concrete element. Preferably, at least one of the two main sides of the precast concrete element is formed exclusively by the base body.

[0033] According to one aspect, the base body completely overlaps the at least one concrete replacement body in a plan view of a main extension plane of the precast concrete element and / or vice versa. Preferably, a first concrete replacement body overlaps a second concrete replacement body in a plan view of the main extension plane of the precast concrete element at least partially, in particular completely, and / or vice versa. For example, the dimensions of the at least two concrete replacement bodies can be identical or different in an orthogonal projection onto the main extension plane of the precast concrete element.

[0034] According to one aspect, at least one, in particular at least two, in particular at least three, in particular at least four, in particular all, of the narrow sides of the at least one concrete replacement body form at least part of the surface of the precast concrete element. In particular, the at least one concrete replacement body is not framed by the base body. As a result, the at least one concrete replacement body can be designed with a particularly large surface area.

[0035] The at least one concrete replacement body can form an external building surface and / or an internal building surface.

[0036] The at least one concrete replacement body can have an insulating function and / or a lighting function, in particular a light-guiding function, and / or a sound function and / or a heating function and / or a design function or a special aesthetic.

[0037] At least one additional concrete replacement body can be provided on the first concrete replacement body. The at least one additional concrete replacement body can be glued to the first concrete replacement body and / or connected by means of a pin connection, in particular by means of screws and / or nails. The additional concrete replacement body can increase the strength of the connection between the first concrete replacement body and the base body.

[0038] According to one aspect, a first concrete replacement body comprises wood, in particular it consists thereof, and a second concrete replacement body comprises an insulating material, in particular a fiber material and / or a foam material, in particular it consists thereof. The first and the second concrete replacement body can overlap one another, in particular in a plan view of a main extension plane of the precast concrete element. Preferably, the first concrete replacement body has a smaller thickness than the second concrete replacement body. The thickness ratio between the first and the second concrete replacement body is preferably at most 1:1, in particular at most 1:1.5, in particular at most 1:2, in particular at most 1:4, in particular at most 1:8, and / or at least 1:10.

[0039] According to one aspect, the at least one concrete replacement body is designed to create a prepared recess and / or a weak point in the precast concrete component. For example, the at least one concrete replacement body can be in the form of an opening, in particular for a window and / or a passage and / or a door. This enables a flexibly changeable room design in a simple manner, in particular without the need for structural calculations. Preferably, an opening prepared in this way can already have a lintel.

[0040] A further object of the invention is to provide an improved building structure which is particularly energy-efficient and can be produced with reduced material usage, is particularly lightweight and has improved insulating properties.

[0041] This object is achieved by a building structure comprising at least one precast concrete component according to the above description and at least one additional concrete component, in particular a precast concrete wall and / or a precast concrete ceiling and / or a precast concrete floor. The advantages of the building structure correspond to the advantages of the precast concrete component described above. Preferably, the building structure is further developed with at least one of the features described above in connection with the building structure.

[0042] The building structure is preferably a residential building, in particular a single-family or multi-family house, in particular a prefabricated house. The building structure preferably comprises several of the prefabricated concrete components and / or several of the concrete supplementary components.

[0043] Preferably, the base body is considered as load-bearing in the static calculation of the building structure, but not the at least one concrete replacement body.

[0044] A further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a precast concrete element, in particular a precast concrete wall, which can be carried out in a particularly energy-efficient manner and with reduced material usage, as well as ensuring a reduced weight and improved insulating properties of the precast concrete element.

[0045] This object is achieved by a method for producing a precast concrete part, comprising the steps of: providing a casting mold, introducing at least one concrete replacement body into the casting mold which consists of a material other than concrete, pouring concrete into the casting mold before and / or after introducing the at least one concrete replacement body into the casting mold, curing the concrete to produce a base body connected to the at least one concrete replacement body and demolding the precast concrete part, wherein the pouring of the concrete into the casting mold takes place in such a way that a volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body is at least 1:4 and / or that an area ratio between the surface portions of the at least one concrete replacement body and the base body on at least one side surface of the precast concrete part is at least 1:1.The advantages of the method preferably correspond to the advantages of the precast concrete component or building structure described above. The method is preferably further developed with at least one of the features described above in connection with the precast concrete component or building structure.

[0046] The at least one concrete replacement body is preferably solid or dimensionally rigid when the concrete is poured into the casting mold, in particular inherently stable and / or cast-stable.

[0047] According to one aspect, the casting mold can have a formwork table, in particular with edge supports. Using the formwork table, the precast concrete element, in particular a plate-shaped element, can be manufactured in a horizontal orientation. Alternatively, the precast concrete element can be manufactured in an upright position or with a vertically oriented main extension plane.

[0048] The concrete poured into the mold is preferably compacted using a vibrating table and / or a bottle vibrator.

[0049] The at least one concrete replacement body preferably has a lower density than the concrete. Preferably, the at least one concrete replacement body is fastened to the casting mold, in particular to the formwork table, for example by means of connecting elements such as screws. This reliably prevents displacement, in particular floating or buoyancy, of the concrete replacement body when the concrete is poured into the casting mold. The connecting elements can have a surface element, for example a holding plate and / or a holding plate, for the surface transfer of holding forces to the at least one concrete replacement body. This allows a mechanically less stable concrete replacement body to be reliably held in the intended arrangement in the casting mold. Such fastening is particularly preferred if the concrete of the base body is self-compacting concrete.With such concrete, at least one concrete replacement body has a particularly strong tendency to float.

[0050] Alternatively, the at least one concrete replacement body can be arranged in the casting mold without any fastening. The concrete can be poured onto the at least one concrete replacement body, in particular centrally, in order to create a load that fixes the at least one concrete replacement body. Since the viscous concrete generally does not flow beneath the at least one concrete replacement body, floating is prevented. If necessary, the at least one concrete replacement body can be sealed off from the casting mold, in particular the formwork table. This also allows the use of comparatively low-viscosity, self-compacting concrete without it flowing beneath the at least one concrete replacement body. The resulting negative pressure secures the at least one concrete replacement body to the casting mold.

[0051] The at least one concrete replacement body can be arranged, in particular fastened, in the casting mold on a casting mold wall and / or at a distance from the walls of the casting mold, in particular from the formwork table. This allows the at least one concrete replacement body to form a surface of the precast concrete element or to be arranged at a distance from the surface, in particular from the main sides of the precast concrete element.

[0052] Further features, details and advantages will become apparent from the following description of several embodiments based on the figures: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a precast concrete element, in particular a precast concrete wall, in a front view, comprising a base body made of concrete and several concrete replacement bodies made of a different material, Fig. 2A a sectional view of the precast concrete element along the section line II-II in the Fig. 1, wherein the concrete replacement body is made of wood, wherein the base body has a reinforcement and wherein the precast concrete element is arranged on a formwork table with edge supports, Fig. 2B shows a sectional view of a plate-shaped precast concrete element according to a further embodiment, wherein two of the plurality of concrete replacement bodies consist of different materials, are plate-shaped and are arranged adjacent to one another in a layered structure, Fig. 2C shows a sectional view of a plate-shaped precast concrete element according to a further embodiment, wherein the at least one concrete replacement body is covered on both sides by the base body along the thickness direction of the precast concrete element, Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a precast concrete part, in particular a precast concrete wall, in a front view, according to a further embodiment, or Fig. 4 a sectional view of the precast concrete element along the section line IV-IV in the Fig. 3, wherein the precast concrete element is arranged on a sound table with edge supports and wherein a first concrete replacement body completely forms a side surface of the precast concrete element.

[0053] Based on the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A describes a first embodiment of a building structure 1 with at least one precast concrete part 2.1 and at least one concrete supplementary part 3.

[0054] The concrete supplementary part 3 can be a prefabricated concrete component, in particular a prefabricated concrete slab, and / or a concrete casting body manufactured in its intended position, in particular on the building or on a property.

[0055] The precast concrete element 2.1 is a precast concrete wall. It comprises a base body 4 made of concrete and at least one, in particular two, concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b. The concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b are made of a different material than the base body 4, in particular wood, in particular solid wood and / or laminated wood and / or particle board. By casting the concrete replacement body 5a, 5b with the base body 4, a solid, in particular non-destructively detachable, connection is formed between them.

[0056] Preferably, pin-shaped projections, in particular nails, are introduced into the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b, which protrude from the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b in the direction of the base body 4. The projections form a positive connection between the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b and the base body 4.

[0057] The precast concrete element 2.1 has a height H in the range from 2.2 m to 3.2 m, in particular from 2.6 m, a width B of preferably several meters, for example from 5 m, and a thickness T in the range from 6 cm to 30 cm, in particular from 10 cm to 24 cm, in particular from 13 cm to 22 cm, in particular from 20 cm.

[0058] A width b a of the first concrete replacement body 5a is, for example, 2 m. Its height h a is 2.3 m. A width b b of the second concrete replacement body 5b is 2.4 m and its height h b is 2.3 m. Preferably the thicknesses t a of the two concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b each 10 cm.

[0059] The concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b are arranged on the surface of the precast concrete element 2.1. In particular, the first main surfaces 6a, 6b of the plate-shaped concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b each form a portion of a first main surface 7 of the precast concrete element 2.1. The remaining portion of the first main surface 7 of the precast concrete element 2.1 is formed by the base body 4. On this first main surface 7 of the precast concrete element 2.1, the area ratio between the surface portions of the two concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b and the base body 4 is at least 1:1, in particular 3.5:1.

[0060] A volume ratio between the volumes of the two concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b and the base body 4 is preferably at least 1:4, in particular 1:1.57.

[0061] The base body 4 frames the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b at least in sections, in particular on three of the four narrow sides of the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b. In other words, the base body 4 frames the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b, when viewed on a main extension plane of the precast concrete element 2.1, over an angle α a , α b of at least 180°, in particular at least 240°, for example 280° or 260°, around a geometric center of gravity SP a , SP b of the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b.

[0062] The frame formed by the base body 4 preferably extends over the entire height H of the precast concrete element 2.1, in particular on both sides of the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b, and along the entire upper side of the precast concrete element 2.1, in particular across the entire width B of the precast concrete element 2.1. The base body 4 forms columns 8a, 8b, 8c, between which the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b are arranged. The columns 8a, 8b, 8c are spanned by a lintel 9.

[0063] The lintel 9 has a reinforcement 10, in particular made of structural steel. The columns 8a, 8b, 8c can also have a reinforcement, in particular made of structural steel.

[0064] A second main surface 11a of the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b borders the base body 4. A second main surface 12 of the precast concrete element 2.1 is formed exclusively by the base body 4. A thickness t of the base body 4 in the region of the respective concrete replacement body 5a, 5b is preferably at least 5 cm, in particular 10 cm.

[0065] The functionality of the building structure 1, the precast concrete element 2.1 and the process for their production is as follows: To create the building structure 1, the precast concrete element 2.1 is first manufactured. For this purpose, a casting mold 13 is provided, with a formwork table 14 and edge supports 15.

[0066] The concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b are placed in the casting mold 13.

[0067] A density ρ a , ρ bthe concrete replacement body 5a, 5b, in particular of wood, is preferably lower than the density ρ of concrete or of the base body 4. For example, the density ρ a , ρ b the concrete replacement body 5a, 5b 0.6 t / m 3 and the density ρ of the base body 4 is 2.4 t / m 3 To prevent the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b from floating on the concrete, they are preferably attached to the casting mold 13, in particular to the formwork table 14. Connecting elements 16, in particular screw elements, can be used for this purpose. Alternatively, such attachment can be omitted if floating can be avoided, for example, by pouring the concrete onto the at least one concrete replacement body.

[0068] The reinforcement 10 is introduced into the casting mold 13, in particular in the area of ​​the later lintel 9 and / or the columns 8a, 8b, 8c.

[0069] The concrete is poured into the casting mold 13. The concrete wets the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b and surrounds the reinforcement 10.

[0070] If necessary, the concrete can be compacted using a formwork table 14 designed as a vibrating table and / or a cylinder vibrator. The introduction of corresponding vibration movements for compacting the concrete can be avoided if, for example, self-compacting concrete is used.

[0071] The concrete hardens in the casting mold 13 and forms a solid connection to the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b. In particular, a form-fitting and / or material-fit connection can be present. To promote a particularly strong connection, the concrete replacement body 5a, 5b can have a high surface roughness, in particular an average roughness depth Rz of at least 1 mm, and / or form-fitting recesses, in particular bores, and / or form-fitting projections, in particular bolts and / or pin-shaped projections, for example nails or the like.

[0072] After the concrete has hardened, the precast concrete element 2.1 is demolded.

[0073] The precast concrete element 2.1 can be transported to its destination. It is assembled with at least one additional concrete element 3 and / or with other precast concrete elements 2.1 to form the building structure 1, in particular a residential building, in particular a prefabricated residential building.

[0074] The precast concrete element 2.1, in particular the building structure 1 formed therewith, exhibits reduced weight and / or improved insulating properties. The transport of corresponding precast concrete elements 2.1 can be particularly cost-effective. Concrete material can be saved. The preferably integrated insulation formed by the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b reduces manufacturing costs. The CO2 footprint of corresponding precast concrete elements 2.1 or building structures 1 is reduced. The precast concrete element 2.1 or the building structure 1 formed therewith can be manufactured particularly economically, exhibits improved insulating properties, and contributes to reducing global CO2 emissions.

[0075] Based on the Fig. Figure 2B describes a further embodiment of a precast concrete element 2.2. In contrast to the embodiment described above, the precast concrete element 2.2 has two additional concrete replacement bodies 5c. The additional concrete replacement bodies 5c are made of a different material than the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b, in particular an insulating material, for example, a foam and / or wool, for example, polystyrene or glass wool.

[0076] The thickness t a The thickness of the concrete replacement body 5a made of wood is 8 cm. The thickness t c of the additional concrete replacement body 5c can be 6 cm. The thickness t of the base body 4 in the area of ​​the concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b, 5c can be 6 cm. Overall, the precast concrete element 2.2 thus has a thickness T of 20 cm. Alternatively, the thickness T = 20 cm can be achieved, for example, with the thicknesses t a = 3 cm, t c= 12 cm and t = 5 cm, whereby in this case the requirement for wood and concrete can be further reduced.

[0077] The concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5c completely overlap each other in a plan view of the main extension plane of the precast concrete element 2.2. The plate-shaped concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5c border each other along their main surfaces. The concrete replacement body 5c forms a core layer of insulating material between the respective wooden concrete replacement body 5a, 5b and the concrete base body 4. This results in a layered structure that is composed of the two concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5c and the base body 4 across the thickness T of the precast concrete element 2.2.

[0078] Otherwise, the structure of precast concrete element 2.2 corresponds to that of precast concrete element 2.1 described above. The same applies to the manufacturing process.

[0079] Preferably, the adjacent concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b, 5c are connected to one another, in particular before pouring with concrete, in particular in a materially bonded manner, for example by means of an adhesive, and / or in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner, for example by means of bolts or pins, in particular nails and / or screws.

[0080] The density ρ c of the additional concrete replacement body 5c is also lower than the density ρ of the concrete. The connecting elements 16 connect all concrete replacement bodies 5a, 5b, 5c to the casting mold 13, in particular to the formwork table 14. Preferably, the connecting elements 16 each have a surface element 17 with an enlarged contact surface for interacting with the, in particular pressure-sensitive, concrete replacement body 5c made of insulating material.

[0081] Although the production of precast concrete element 2.2 is somewhat more complex than that of the precast concrete element 2.1 described above, it is even lighter and has even better insulating properties.

[0082] Based on the Fig. 2C describes a further embodiment of a precast concrete element 2.3. In contrast to the precast concrete elements 2.1, 2.2 described above, the precast concrete element 2.3 has a single concrete replacement body 5a. The concrete replacement body is arranged at a distance from the two main surfaces 7, 12 of the precast concrete element 2.3. It preferably does not form any part of the surface of these main surfaces 7, 12. Both main surfaces 6a, 11a of the concrete replacement body 5a are wetted by the base body 4, in particular its concrete material. In other words, the concrete replacement body 5a forms a core layer arranged centrally in the thickness direction in the base body 4 or in the precast concrete element 2.3. The thickness t aof the concrete replacement body 5a is 10 cm. On both sides of the concrete replacement body 5a, the thickness t1, t2 of the covering layers formed by the base body 4 is 5 cm.

[0083] To produce the precast concrete element 2.3, the reinforcement 10 is first introduced into the casting mold 13. Furthermore, the connecting elements 16 are arranged, in particular attached, to the casting mold 13. Concrete is poured into the casting mold 13 up to the height t1. The concrete replacement body 5a is introduced into the casting mold 13 and secured by means of the connecting elements 16. Further concrete is poured into the casting mold 13 until the desired fill level is reached, in particular the desired thickness T of the precast concrete element 2.3. The concrete can be cured before or after the concrete replacement body 5a is introduced.

[0084] Alternatively, the concrete replacement body 5a can be fixed in the desired arrangement, in particular by means of the connecting elements 16, before pouring the concrete. Appropriately flowable concrete must be selected, a sufficiently large thickness t1 must be determined, and / or measures to increase the flowability must be taken to ensure the flow of the concrete into the area below the concrete replacement body 5a.

[0085] Such a precast concrete element 2.3 has a reduced weight and improved insulating properties and is particularly robust in handling due to the two concrete cover layers.

[0086] Based on the Fig. 3 and Fig.Figure 4 describes a further embodiment of a precast concrete element 2.4. In contrast to the precast concrete elements 2.1 to 2.3 described above, the precast concrete element 2.4 has a first concrete replacement body 5a that extends over the entire first main surface 7 of the precast concrete element 2.4. In other words, the first concrete replacement body 5a completely overlaps the precast concrete element 2.4 in an orthogonal projection onto the main extension plane of the precast concrete element 2.4.

[0087] The precast concrete element 2.4 can have a plurality of additional concrete replacement bodies 5c. The additional concrete replacement bodies 5c are preferably made of a different material than the first concrete replacement body 5a. For example, the first concrete replacement body can be made of wood, and the additional concrete replacement bodies 5c can be made of an insulating material, in particular a foam material, in particular Styrofoam. The first concrete replacement body 5a preferably forms a visible surface. For example, it can have a ground and / or treated, in particular painted and / or oiled, surface.

[0088] The first concrete replacement body 5a is not framed by the base body 4. The additional concrete replacement bodies 5c are framed by the base body 4. The additional concrete replacement bodies 5c can be glued to the first concrete replacement body 5a and / or connected by means of a pin connection, in particular by means of nails and / or screws.

[0089] The at least one concrete replacement body 5a, 5c can form a specially designed visible surface and / or be designed for air conditioning and / or sound insulation and / or sound reinforcement and / or lighting. The production of precast concrete elements 2.4 with correspondingly integrated functionality is particularly economical and efficient. By avoiding the subsequent addition of corresponding functional structures, the available interior space of the building can be largely retained for use as living space.

Claims

[1] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3), in particular precast concrete wall, comprising 1.1 a basic body (4) made of concrete, and 1.2 at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c), which 1.2.1 consists of a different material than the base body (4), and 1.2.2 is connected to the base body (4) by potting, 1.3 wherein the volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) and the base body (4) is at least 1:4 and / or 1.4 wherein the surface area ratio between the surface areas of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) and the base body (4) on at least one side surface (7, 12) of the precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is at least 1:

1. [2] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to claim 1, characterized by that it is a precast concrete slab. [3] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to claim 2, characterized bythat the precast concrete slab is a precast concrete wall and / or a precast concrete ceiling and / or a precast concrete floor. [4] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by , that on at least one of the two main sides (7, 12) of the precast concrete slab the area ratio is at least 1:

1. [5] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) contains insulating material and / or wood. [6] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the base body (4) frames at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) at least in sections. [7] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the base body (4) has at least two columns (8a, 8b, 8c) spanned by a lintel (9). [8] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the base body (4) has reinforcement (10). [9] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the connection of the base body (4) with the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) is designed to transfer loads. [10] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) is designed in a plate-like form. [11] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least two of the concrete replacement bodies (5a, 5b, 5c). [12] Precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to claim 11, characterized by that the at least two concrete replacement bodies (5a, 5b, 5c) consist of different materials. [13] Building structure (1), having 13.1 at least one precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and 13.2 at least one concrete supplementary component (3), in particular a precast concrete wall and / or a precast concrete ceiling and / or a precast concrete floor. [14] Method for producing a precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) in particular a precast concrete wall, comprising the steps: 14.1 Providing a mold (13), 14.2 Inserting at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) into the mold (13), which consists of a material other than concrete, 14.3 Pouring concrete into the mold (13) before and / or after placing at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) into the mold (13), 14.4 Curing of the concrete to produce a base body (4) connected by casting with the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) and 14.5 Removal of the precast concrete part (2.1, 2.2, 2.3), 14.6 wherein the concrete is poured into the mold (13) in such a manner, 14.6.1 that the volume ratio between the volumes of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) and the base body (4) is at least 1:4 and / or 14.6.2 that the area ratio between the surface areas of the at least one concrete replacement body (5a, 5b, 5c) and the base body (4) on at least one side surface (7, 12) of the precast concrete element (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is at least 1:

1. [15] Method according to claim 14, characterized by that the mold (13) has a switching table (14).

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