Fuel system, component, in particular pressure regulator or fuel distribution device, connection and method for making a connection for fuel systems, in particular for hydrogen

Abstract

A connection (60) for a fuel injection system (10) for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, and / or liquid fuels, in particular gasoline, into combustion chambers (11) of an internal combustion engine, comprising a first component (61) and a second component (62) of the fuel injection system (10), the first component (61) having a bore (63), the second component (62) having a nozzle (64) inserted into the bore (62) of the first component (61), and the second component (62) being connected to the first component (61) at its nozzle (64). It is proposed that the first component (61) and the nozzle (64) of the second component (62) be joined by hybrid forging. Furthermore, a component (100), a fuel injection system (10), and a method for producing a connection (60) are specified.

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to a fuel system for gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, and / or for liquid fuels, in particular gasoline. The invention specifically relates to the field of fuel systems for motor vehicles. The fuel system can be designed as a fuel injection system or a fuel injection system.

[0002] DE 10 2006 040 236 A1 discloses a fuel system for compressed gaseous fuel, in particular natural gas or hydrogen, for an internal combustion engine. The known fuel system comprises a common rail and a pump. Furthermore, a tank for compressed gaseous fuel, in particular natural gas or hydrogen, and an upstream pressure regulator are provided, where the pressure is reduced from the tank pressure, which can reach close to 5000 psi (34 MPa) or more, to a first reduced pressure of approximately 400 psi (2.8 MPa). Once the fuel leaves the upstream pressure regulator, it moves to a downstream pressure regulator, where the fuel is reduced to approximately 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The fuel then moves to a control regulator.An electronic control unit operates the control regulator so that the fuel is reduced at the second working pressure, in this case approximately 200 psi, to a variable control pressure set by the electronic control unit. This allows the fuel supply via common rail nozzles to be increased or decreased.

[0003] The fuel system known from DE 10 2006 040 236 A1 has the disadvantage of high manufacturing costs to enable operation with compressed hydrogen. In particular, the material from which the individual components, especially the pressure regulators, are made must be selected to meet all existing requirements. The material selection is based on the most stringent requirements, although these can vary considerably in individual parts of the fuel system.

[0004] At the same time, the manufacturing processes chosen for the components, such as casting or forging, and the joining methods used to connect individual components or parts, such as soldering, welding, or bolting, influence the selection of suitable materials. This limits the use of certain materials and the application of certain processes for manufacturing the components and parts.

[0005] Fuel injection systems for gaseous fuels also have special requirements. As a result, measures used in fuel systems for liquid fuels can be disadvantageous in applications for gaseous fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is more volatile than natural gas. For example, a fuel injection system for hydrogen may be subject to a specification regarding the permissible amount of escaping hydrogen. This may be particularly important with regard to preventing the ignition of escaping hydrogen.

[0006] In a hydrogen fuel injection system, a pressure regulator can be used to regulate the amount and thus the pressure of hydrogen in a connected rail. Connections between the tank and the rail can be made using lines attached to screw-in fittings, which in turn are screwed into the housing. Such screw-in fittings can also be provided on the rail.

[0007] A seal must be ensured between such components, especially between a housing and a screw-in fitting. In principle, sealing can be achieved by a biting edge on one of the components, which ensures a metallic seal at the interface. An O-ring can also be used as additional protection. In principle, a seal can also be achieved using an O-ring or a flat gasket in the thread base of the screw-in fitting, especially a double fitting.

[0008] However, specific problems arise when using fuel injection systems for hydrogen. A biting edge seal, an O-ring seal, or a flat gasket seal (flat sealing ring) can only provide a seal. In practice, however, strong vibrations can occur during operation or on the vehicle, which can lead to screw connections becoming loose and possibly even coming loose. This can lead to leaks in the fuel injection system, which can cause hydrogen to escape.

[0009] In practice, repairs may require loosening and retightening (by screwing and unscrewing) the connection between a pressure regulator and a rail. This unscrewing and retightening may occur repeatedly. For example, this may affect the detachable connection between a double nozzle of the pressure regulator and a line. In this case, when unscrewing or screwing the line onto the double nozzle, the other screwed connection, namely between the double nozzle and the pressure regulator housing, may sooner or later also become misaligned. Loosening or undesired overtightening can lead to leaks and / or damage to sealing elements such as an O-ring or flat gasket, which can also cause a system leak with the escape of hydrogen.A biting edge can be pressed additionally, i.e. too strongly, into the sealing surface, resulting in leaks, or the biting edge can be loosened or released again after being pressed in too strongly, which also leads to leaks. Disclosure of the invention

[0010] The connection according to the invention with the features of claim 1, the component according to the invention with the features of claim 10, the fuel system according to the invention with the features of claim 11, and the method according to the invention with the features of claim 12 have the advantage of enabling an improved design and functionality. Leakage, in particular the escape of gaseous fuel, and a rotation lock can be implemented. In addition, a material selection tailored to requirements can be enabled. Furthermore, a seal can be implemented for applications involving hydrogen injection.

[0011] The measures set out in the subclaims enable advantageous further developments of the method specified in claim 1, the component specified in claim 10, the fuel system specified in claim 11 and the method specified in claim 12.

[0012] The term "borehole" is to be understood generally and includes not only holes created by machining processes but also holes or openings created by other means. The borehole of the first component can advantageously be designed without a thread, i.e., threadless.

[0013] It is advantageous for the nozzle to have at least one approximately cylindrical outer surface, where the nozzle is connected to the first component by hybrid forging. This allows for a seal and anti-twist protection between the first component and the nozzle to be realized with minimal manufacturing effort.

[0014] It is advantageous that the cylindrical outer side extends at least substantially over a connection area in which the nozzle is connected to the first component by hybrid forging. This allows the nozzle to be advantageously connected to the first component at its cylindrical outer side. This allows for a reliable seal. Anti-twist protection can be achieved.

[0015] It is advantageous that at least one recess or flattened portion, in particular a notch or flattened portion or a preferably circumferential groove or milled portion, is formed on the nozzle, and that the material of the first component is forged into the notch, in particular the groove, or flattened portion of the nozzle by hybrid forging in such a way that a positive connection is formed between the first component and the nozzle. This can improve the stability of the connection.

[0016] It is advantageous that the second component comprises a connecting piece and a connecting piece, that the first component is connected to the connecting piece by hybrid forging, and that the connecting piece is connected to the connecting piece, in particular by welding. This allows the connecting piece to be machined independently of the connecting piece. Distortion of the connecting piece during forging is prevented from the outset, since the connecting piece can only be attached after forging.

[0017] It is advantageous that the connecting piece is arranged at least substantially in the bore of the first component. This allows for an optimized design. In particular, a compact design of the first component can be realized with the connecting piece connected by hybrid forging.

[0018] It is advantageous for the nozzle to be constructed as a single piece. This design allows the nozzle, which is not inserted into the bore of the first component, to be reworked after forging.

[0019] It is advantageous for an external thread to be provided at a free end of the second component, which serves for a preferably detachable screw connection. A precise design can be achieved if the post-processing takes place after forging.

[0020] It is advantageous that the free end of the second component is designed in the form of a quick connector. Quick connectors are familiar from gasoline direct injection. This allows for the integration of a convenient and proven connection concept.

[0021] It is advantageous that the nozzle has an axial through-bore. The nozzle can allow the passage of various fuels. In particular, hydrogen can be passed through, allowing hydrogen-tight seals to be created.

[0022] It is advantageous for the first component and the second component to be made of different materials, in particular steel and aluminum. For example, the first component, in particular a housing, can be made of aluminum. The second component, in particular the nozzle, can be made of stainless steel, so that a hydrogen-tight seal can be reliably achieved by screwing.

[0023] It is advantageous that a seal between the first component and the second component is formed by the connection formed by hybrid forging, whereby no additional seal, in particular no additional seal via a sealing element and no additional seal via a biting edge, is provided for sealing between the first component and the second component. This allows for a simplified design. Furthermore, failure or aging of seals can be prevented from the outset.

[0024] It is advantageous that the second component enables a further connection, which is made possible via an external thread of the nozzle. Specifically, a detachable screw connection can be provided on the external thread of the nozzle. The hybrid forged connection ensures that the seal against hydrogen, for example, that is achieved with the first component is maintained even when the nozzle's external thread is repeatedly unscrewed and re-screwed. In particular, a line can be connected via the external thread. The detachable screw connection can, for example, be designed to withstand 25 loosening and re-tightening cycles.

[0025] It is advantageous that the first component and the second component are made of different materials, in particular steel and aluminum. This allows for advantageous material combinations.

[0026] Depending on the design, at least one of the following features and / or advantages can be realized.

[0027] In addition to the purpose of sealing, an anti-rotation lock can also be achieved by hybrid forging the nozzle and the first component, in particular a housing or a rail.

[0028] Sealing of the interface can be achieved. A locking device for the nozzle can be implemented. Complex and expensive geometries, such as a biting edge, can be eliminated. Damage to sealing elements, such as O-rings and flat gaskets, during assembly and / or disassembly is prevented, as these are no longer required.

[0029] Sealing elements such as O-rings or flat gaskets can be omitted. This allows for cost-effective implementation, as high-quality surfaces, such as those required for O-ring applications, are no longer required on the sealing surfaces. Hybrid forging of different materials, such as steel and aluminum, is possible. Hybrid forging of different blanks, especially housings and nozzles, is possible, with subsequent post-processing tailored to the specific application.

[0030] Screw-in sockets can be replaced with simpler sockets, e.g., without threads and internal holes. These are then incorporated into the housing using hybrid forging during the forging process. Different designs can be realized depending on the application.

[0031] In one design, the nozzle can be hybrid-forged as a complete blank with an aluminum housing blank. In a subsequent processing step, the nozzle and housing are reworked. This allows for subsequent correction of positioning errors or damage resulting from the forging process.

[0032] In a further design, the nozzle can also be hybrid forged with the housing. The nozzle represents a pre-machined blank. The blank already contains non-functionally critical features. The important machining steps for maintaining position tolerances, surface quality, etc., are then performed in a subsequent machining step.

[0033] In a further embodiment, the nozzle blank has an additional geometry, such as a notch, a flat milled surface, etc., for a better form fit between the housing and the nozzle blank.

[0034] In a further embodiment, which can be implemented particularly for more stringent requirements regarding position, accuracy, etc., the nozzle can be completely machined using hybrid forging. Subsequent machining can thus be eliminated.

[0035] In a further design, a pre-drilled or post-drilled stainless steel blank can be used for the connection. A nozzle can then be attached to this blank in a subsequent welding / soldering operation. This can be customized to customer requirements. For example, a quick connector or a threaded nozzle can be attached.

[0036] The proposed connection is particularly suitable for hydrogen pressure regulators and hydrogen rails as well as comparable products where, in a conventional design, seals are realized via screw-in sockets.

[0037] This allows for a beneficial sealing of the interface. The nozzle can be secured against loosening during operation and servicing. Damage to any sealing elements provided during servicing is prevented from the outset. Short description of the drawings

[0038] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding elements are provided with identical reference numerals. They show: Fig. 1 a fuel system designed as a fuel injection system with a fuel distributor for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, into combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine in an excerpted, schematic representation according to a possible embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 a connection between a first component and a second component of the Fig. 1 in a partial, schematic sectional view according to a first embodiment, showing a state during production; Fig. 3 which in Fig. 2 shows a partial, schematic representation of the connection between a first component and a second component in the manufactured state; Fig. 4 a connection between a first component and a second component of the Fig. 1 in a partial, schematic sectional view according to a second embodiment, showing a state during production; Fig. 5 which in Fig. 4 shows a partial, schematic representation of the connection between a first component and a second component in the manufactured state; Fig. 6 a connection between a first component and a second component of the Fig. 1 in a partial, schematic sectional view according to a third embodiment, showing a state during production; and Fig. 7 which in Fig. 6 shows a partial, schematic representation of the connection between a first component and a second component in the manufactured state. Embodiments of the invention

[0039] Fig. Figure 1 shows a fuel injection system 10 for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, into combustion chambers 11 of an internal combustion engine in a partial, schematic representation according to a possible embodiment of the invention. However, the fuel injection system 10 can also be used for other gaseous fuels, in particular natural gas.

[0040] In a modified embodiment, the fuel system 10 can also be designed as a fuel injection system 10 for injecting gaseous and / or liquid fuels. Specifically, such a fuel injection system 10 can also be used for injecting gasoline.

[0041] The hydrogen is stored in liquid form under high pressure, for example, approximately 700 bar (70 MPa), in a tank-like fuel storage unit 12. This can be filled via a filling connection 14. Furthermore, an integrated unit 16 comprising a tank valve for filling and discharging hydrogen into and from the fuel storage unit 12 and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the gaseous hydrogen coming from the fuel storage unit 12 is arranged on the fuel storage unit 12.

[0042] The gaseous hydrogen first reaches a filter 20 via a pressure line 18 and from there to a high-pressure pressure regulator (HP pressure regulator) 22. This reduces the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen to, for example, a pressure in the range of 40 bar (4 MPa). The pressure line 18 leads from the high-pressure pressure regulator 22 to a pressure sensor 24, another filter 26, and an optional temperature control device 28, finally to a low-pressure pressure regulator (LP pressure regulator) 30.

[0043] The low-pressure pressure control unit 30 comprises, in this example, two hydraulically parallel pressure control valves 32, a low-pressure pressure sensor 34, and a safety valve in the form of a shut-off valve device 36. However, modifications are also possible. For example, designs with only one pressure regulator 32 are also possible. The two pressure control valves 32 are identically constructed and, in this case, are proportional control valves. The low-pressure pressure control unit 30 further reduces the pressure in the pressure line 18 from the inlet-side pressure of approximately 40 bar (4 MPa) to a pressure of, for example, approximately 15 bar (1.5 MPa).

[0044] Downstream of the low-pressure pressure control unit 30, the pressure line 18 leads to a fuel distribution device 38, in particular a rail 38, which can be designed, for example, as an elongated tube in the manner of a typical fuel rail, as is known from gasoline and diesel fuel systems. The gas pressure prevailing in the fuel distribution device 38 is detected by a pressure sensor 40.

[0045] Connected to the fuel distribution device 38 are several injectors 42, which inject the gaseous hydrogen directly into the combustion chambers 11 of the internal combustion engine. The gaseous hydrogen is mixed with atmospheric oxygen in the combustion chambers 11, and this mixture is ignited by a respective ignition device 46. Typically, the internal combustion engine is a 2-stroke or 4-stroke piston internal combustion engine of a largely conventional design. For example, such an internal combustion engine is used to power a motor vehicle. However, it can also be used stationary, for example, to drive a generator for power generation.

[0046] The fuel supply system 10 and its components are controlled by an electronic control and regulating device 48, which has one or more corresponding microprocessors, a memory for program code, etc. The control and regulating device 48 receives signals from, among others, the temperature sensor (installed in the integrated unit 16), the pressure sensor 24, the pressure sensor 34, the pressure sensor 40, etc. The control and regulating device 48 controls various components of the fuel supply system 10, including the low-pressure pressure regulating device 30, the safety valve 36, and the ignition devices 46. Furthermore, a control device 50 is also controlled by the control and regulating device 48, which in turn specifically controls or regulates the operation of the fuel storage device 12.

[0047] Fig. 2 shows a connection 60 between a first component 61 and a second component 62 of the Fig. 1 in a partial, schematic representation according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, showing a state during production. The connection 60 can be implemented at several locations 59 in the fuel system 10.

[0048] Fig. 3 shows the Fig. 2 shows a partial, schematic representation of the connection 60 between a first component 61 and a second component 62 in the manufactured state. The first component 61 has a bore 63. The second component 62 has a nozzle 64 that is inserted into the bore 63 of the first component 61.

[0049] The first component 61 and the nozzle 64 of the second component 62 are connected to each other by hybrid forging. The production of the connection 60 is in Fig. 2 is illustrated by a forging tool 67.

[0050] The nozzle 64 has a cylinder-jacket-shaped outer side 68. At the cylinder-jacket-shaped outer side 68, the nozzle 64 is connected to the first component 61 by hybrid forging. In this exemplary embodiment, the cylinder-jacket-shaped outer side 68 extends over a connecting region 70, in which the nozzle 64 is connected to the first component 61 by hybrid forging.

[0051] The first component 61 also has holes 69, which are created during post-processing after hybrid forging. The subsequent processing can be performed by drilling, milling, and similar processes.

[0052] Furthermore, the nozzle 64, as in Fig. 2, for hybrid forging, it can be formed, for example, as a cylindrical blank 65 made of solid material. Post-processing can then be performed by drilling, milling, and the like. An external thread 75 and an axial through-bore 76 can be formed in this process.

[0053] Fig. 4 shows a connection 60 between a first component 61 and a second component 62 of the Fig. 1 in an excerpted, schematic sectional view according to a second embodiment, wherein a state during production is shown. Fig. 5 shows the Fig. 4 shows the connection 60 between the first component 61 and the second component 62 in an excerpted, schematic representation in the manufactured state.

[0054] In this exemplary embodiment, at least one recess 71 is formed on the socket 64. For example, a plurality of notches 71 or a preferably circumferential groove 71 can be formed. In a modified embodiment, instead of a groove 71, for example, a flat milled section can also be provided on the blank 72. The material of the first component 61 is forged into the groove 71 of the socket 64 by hybrid forging. A positive connection is then formed between the first component 61 and the socket 64 at the recess 71 or the recesses 71. A positive connection can arise here at an undercut formed by the recess 71. Hybrid forging preferably realizes flush forging.

[0055] Fig. 6 shows a connection 60 between a first component 61 and a second component 62 of the Fig. 1 in an excerpted, schematic sectional view according to a third embodiment, wherein a state during production is shown. Fig. 7 shows the Fig. 6 shows the connection 60 between a first component 61 and a second component 62 in an excerpted, schematic representation in the manufactured state.

[0056] In this exemplary embodiment, the second component 62 has a connecting piece 72 and a connecting piece 73. The first component 61 is connected to the connecting piece 72 by hybrid forging. The connecting piece 73 is then connected to the connecting piece 72. The connecting piece 73 can be connected to the connecting piece by welding or another joining process 77. In particular, a material-to-material connection can be realized.

[0057] The connecting piece 72 can be arranged at least substantially in the bore 63 of the first component 61, as shown in Fig. 6 is shown.

[0058] In a modified embodiment, the nozzle 64 can also be designed in one piece, as shown in Fig. 2 to 5.

[0059] At a free end 74 of the second component 62, an external thread 75 can be formed, which serves for a preferably detachable screw connection. Furthermore, the connecting piece 64 has an axial through-bore 76. The external thread 75 can be formed by hybrid forging, as described in Fig. 2 to 5. The external thread 75 can be formed before the hybrid forging, as shown in Fig. 7. The axial through hole can be formed after hybrid forging, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The axial through hole can be formed before hybrid forging, as shown in Fig. 4 to 7.

[0060] Pre-processing before hybrid forging can also be combined with post-processing after hybrid forging. Hybrid forging can result in component distortion. For example, a cylindrical bore initially designed to save material can then have an oval cross-section. Post-processing can then involve boring out the bore. Hybrid forging can also result in positional tolerances. Post-processing can then achieve a high degree of accuracy in the connection geometry, particularly the external thread 75.

[0061] The first component 61 and the second component 62 can be made of different materials. For example, the nozzle 64 can be made of stainless steel. The first component 61 can be made of aluminum.

[0062] Preferably, the seal between the first component 61 and the second component 62 is already formed, or only formed, by the connection 60 formed by the hybrid forging. For sealing between the first component 61 and the second component 62, no additional sealing, in particular no additional sealing via a sealing element and no additional sealing via a biting edge, is then required.

[0063] The connection 60 can be realized in different components 100 of the fuel injection system 10. The connection 60 can, as shown by way of example in Fig.1, in particular at points 59. Several devices of the fuel injection system 10 are suitable as component 100. The connection 60 is particularly preferably used on a pressure regulator 22, 30. The connection 60 can be provided on the connection piece 54 and / or on the outlet-side connection piece 56. The connection 60 can also be provided in particular on the integrated unit 16, on the filter 20, on the filter 26, if this is an individual element, and on the temperature control device 28. The connection 60 can particularly preferably be provided additionally or alternatively on the fuel distribution device 38, in particular rail 38.

[0064] The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2006 040 236 A1 [0002, 0003]

Claims

[1] Connection (60) for a fuel system (10) which serves for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, and / or liquid fuels, in particular gasoline, into combustion chambers (11) of an internal combustion engine, wherein a first component (61) of the fuel injection system (10) and a second component (62) of the fuel injection system (10) are provided, wherein the first component (61) has a bore (63), wherein the second component (62) has a nozzle (64) which is inserted into the bore (62) of the first component (61), and wherein the second component (62) is connected to the first component (61) at its nozzle (64), characterized by that the first component (61) and the nozzle (64) of the second component (62) are connected to one another by hybrid forging. [2] A compound according to claim 1, characterized bythat the nozzle (64) has at least one at least approximately cylindrical outer side (68) on which the nozzle (64) is connected to the first component (61) by hybrid forging. [3] Connection according to claim 2, characterized by , a) that the cylinder jacket-shaped outer side (68) extends at least substantially over a connecting region (70) in which the nozzle (64) is connected to the first component (61) by hybrid forging, or b) that at least one recess or flattened portion (71), in particular a notch or flattened portion (71) or a preferably circumferential groove or milled portion (71), is formed on the nozzle (64), and that the material of the first component (61) is forged into the recess, in particular groove, or flattened portion (71) of the nozzle (64) by the hybrid forging such that a positive connection is formed between the first component (61) and the nozzle (64). [4] A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the second component (62) has a connecting piece (72) and a connecting piece (73), that the first component (61) is connected to the connecting piece (72) by hybrid forging and that the connecting piece (73) is connected to the connecting piece (72), in particular by welding. [5] Connection according to claim 4, characterized by that the connecting piece (72) is arranged at least substantially in the bore (63) of the first component (61). [6] A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the nozzle (64) is designed in one piece. [7] A compound according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized by , a) that an external thread (75) is formed on a free end (74) of the second component (62), which serves for a preferably detachable screw connection, and / or b) that the free end (74) of the second component (62) is designed in the form of a quick connector and / or c) that the nozzle (64) has an axial through-bore (76). [8] A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the first component (61) and the second component (62) are formed from different materials, in particular a steel and an aluminum. [9] A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that a seal between the first component (61) and the second component (62) is formed by the connection (60) formed by the hybrid forging, wherein no additional seal, in particular no additional seal via a sealing element and no additional seal via a biting edge, is provided for sealing between the first component (61) and the second component (62). [10] Component (100), in particular pressure regulator (22, 30) or fuel distribution device (38), of a fuel system (10) which serves for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, and / or for injecting liquid fuels, in particular gasoline, into combustion chambers (11) of an internal combustion engine, wherein a first component (61) with a bore (63) and a second component (62) with a nozzle (64) are provided and wherein the second component (62) is connected to the first component (61) at its nozzle (64) by a connection (60) according to one of claims 1 to 9. [11] Fuel injection system (10) which serves for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, into combustion chambers (11) of an internal combustion engine, wherein at least one component (100) according to claim 10 is provided. [12] Method for producing a connection (60) for a fuel system (10) which serves for injecting gaseous fuels, in particular hydrogen, and / or liquid fuels, in particular gasoline, into combustion chambers (11) of an internal combustion engine, wherein a first component (61) of the fuel injection system (10) and a second component (62) of the fuel injection system (10) are provided, wherein the first component (61) has a bore (63), wherein the second component (62) has a nozzle (64), wherein the nozzle (64) is inserted into the bore (62) of the first component (61) and wherein the second component (62) is connected to the first component (61) at its nozzle (64), characterized by that the first component (61) and the nozzle of the second component (62) are joined together by hybrid forging.

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