Modular electronics system that allows for the simple and flexible combination of modules into a system and their direct connection to each other.

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular electronics system that enables the simple and flexible combination of modules into a unit and their direct connection. The system uses automatic module detection and connection, supported by integrated software that enables their identification and configuration. The modules can be physically connected via a standardized plug-in system or logically via network connections. They are optimized for communication with other devices and networks using standardized protocols. These modules or their combined units can be used as standalone devices or in embedded systems, e.g., as a system-on-a-module (SAM), on a printed circuit board. The system addresses the challenges of existing modular systems regarding integration, compactness, and energy efficiency, and offers standardized connections as well as a central management unit for communication and power management.It supports various configurations, including 1D, 2D and 3D composites, as well as wired and wireless connections between hosts and clients.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a module ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2) as part of a modular electronics system, which allows for easy and flexible combination with other modules to form a system and their direct connection to each other ( Fig. 3) A network refers to the physical or logical integration of several modules that communicate and interact with each other to perform a specific function or task. These modules are automatically detected and integrated into the network by integrated software. Such a network can be physically connected via a uniform coupling system or logically via one or more network connections. Furthermore, the modules are optimized to communicate with other devices and networks using uniform standards ( Fig. 6a). These modules or their combinations can be used as elements of stand-alone devices or in embedded systems, e.g. as a system on a module, on a printed circuit board.

[0002] Modular electronic systems are already well-known and widely used. They enable the flexible configuration and adaptation of control systems through the use of separate modules for different functions.

[0003] However, existing systems often have limitations regarding ease of integration, combinability, compactness, or energy efficiency. A significant shortcoming is the lack of uniformity in overarching standards, such as different bus systems, nominal voltages, and connectors, which complicates the cross-device connection of controllers with sensors and actuators. Above all, there are differences in the application range of sensor / actuator systems. For example, existing industrial systems cannot be used in other devices, such as consumer appliances or other electronic applications, because they are designed for industrial applications in terms of installation space and price and are not suitable for general use.Currently, sensors and actuators typically need to be adapted to the embedded system used, and the printed circuit board design modified accordingly, requiring additional effort (e.g., PCB design, routing, schematic creation, production). The control methods for sensors and actuators also often differ, adding further complexity to software integration.

[0004] An example of a known modular electronics system is described in EP000003769596B1. However, this system suffers from the limitations mentioned above, particularly regarding the lack of uniformity and compatibility of the components, as well as the complexity of adaptation and integration.

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a modular electronics system that significantly reduces development time through the quick and easy integration of modules ( Fig. 5a-c). Additionally, the system enables optimized energy efficiency through the temporary activation or deactivation of individual modules, which is particularly advantageous in battery-powered systems. With a uniform standard for sensors, actuators, and data transmission, the system ensures both physical and software integration and connectivity. These issues are already resolved within the modules, resulting in high modularity and expandability for various applications.

[0006] The task of combining individual modules is solved by a modular electronics system with the following features. Each module has a control unit that can be operated either as a management unit (host) or a participant (client), as well as connection ports for transmitting power, data, and control signals between the individual modules. Fig. 3) The modules themselves are either equipped with built-in sensors and actuators or are connected to other peripheral devices that are controlled via the control unit. The modules can be connected to form a network ( Fig. 3, Fig. 5a-c). Each module cluster is controlled by a management unit (host) capable of communicating with, controlling, and monitoring the individual modules, as well as managing their energy consumption to optimize power usage. In a practical application, such as a battery-powered sensor system, the management unit ensures that only the modules required for a specific measurement or control are activated. Unneeded modules remain deactivated, significantly reducing energy consumption. This is particularly advantageous in portable or mobile applications where long battery life is crucial. A key feature is the automatic connection method, which ensures quick and user-friendly module integration by automatically identifying the connected modules.The modules provide information for identification and configuration (. Fig. 7) The supply voltage can be provided centrally or transmitted from module to module. Furthermore, a uniform transmission standard is used between the modules and module arrays.

[0007] A key feature of the modules are their functional elements. These typically determine the module's specific function. Functional elements can be physical components such as sensors and actuators, as well as intangible elements such as control algorithms, software programs, or AI models. The functional elements are connected to the control unit. This connection can be either logical (for example, data exchange between the functional element and the control unit) or electrical.

[0008] The automatic connection method ensures a simple and error-free connection of the modules. This is made possible by the detection of connected modules in the control unit and standardized coupling units. This method allows modules to be integrated quickly and without special technical knowledge, thus significantly reducing development time. Fig. 7).

[0009] The software integrated into the modules performs a number of crucial functions essential for the operation and interoperability of the modular electronics system. This software is capable of automatically detecting connected modules, enabling immediate and efficient system initialization. Furthermore, the software is designed to receive and send data in a uniform structure, ensuring seamless communication between the modules. Another key aspect of the software is its ability to configure the modules to guarantee seamless integration and communication between them. The software is also customizable, allowing it to be optimized for the specific requirements of each application.Finally, the pre-installed software includes the function for data exchange with other devices and services, which significantly reduces the development time of control boards (. Fig. 7).

[0010] The system offers a uniform standard for the physical connection between modules and assemblies through the use of standardized coupling units. This makes it possible to control sensors and actuators of different types and standards uniformly via software, as the control unit handles the sensor-specific communication. This simplifies integration and reduces the complexity when using different components. Fig. 5a-c).

[0011] The management unit (host) handles the communication, control, and energy management of the individual modules within a network ( Fig. 3) It automatically detects modules that are not needed and can temporarily deactivate them to save energy. It also optionally offers an interface for manual control by the user to switch off or activate specific parts of the system as required. Furthermore, the host centrally manages the communication of a system with other devices or networks and appears externally as a single device ( Fig. 6a, Fig. 6b).

[0012] The modular electronics system offers high flexibility through the support of various connection types and configurations, which make it possible to combine the modules in different arrangements as needed ( Fig. 5a-c). In a one-dimensional arrangement (1D assembly), the modules are placed side by side to form flat and expandable systems. Furthermore, the system also allows for a two-dimensional arrangement (2D assembly), in which the modules are arranged on a surface to create expandable, planar systems. For applications requiring greater compactness and performance, it is possible to stack the modules three-dimensionally (3D assembly).

[0013] The system supports both host-to-client connections ( Fig. 3, Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b) as well as host-to-host connections ( Fig. 6a, Fig. 6b) In host-to-client connections, the modules are connected directly or via cables, with various connector options available to ensure a secure and stable electrical connection. For communication between different module groups, multiple management units (hosts) can be connected to exchange data and signals. This connection can be wired, for example via USB, RS232, Modbus, CAN bus, or Ethernet, or wireless via WLAN, RF, or Bluetooth. A typical example is its application in a distributed sensor network, where the management unit communicates with a central server via a wireless network such as WLAN or Bluetooth. In this scenario, the sensor modules can send data at specific intervals as needed and switch to energy-saving mode in between.This enables efficient use of battery power, especially in remote or difficult-to-access environments. There are various ways to connect the modules. The modules can be directly connected, for example by soldering, or via a carrier board. Additionally, various types of connectors are available, either via the modules' existing connection points or via additional modules with special connectors.

[0014] The following figures schematically illustrate the features of the invention.

[0015] Fig. Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of a typical module. In this version, the module has two coupling units 2, a control unit 3, and a functional element 4. A functional element 4 can be either a physical component, such as a sensor or actuator, which is electrically connected to the control unit, or an intangible element, such as a software program (e.g., a control system) or a model. All components are located on a substrate 1 (e.g., a printed circuit board).

[0016] As opposed to Fig. 1, shows Fig. 2 a module that is equipped with an additional connection port 5. This enables the connection 6 to external functional elements 7. Optionally, additional functional elements 4 can be located on the module.

[0017] Fig. Figure 3 shows the group 13 of several modules 11, 12. These are connected to each other via the respective coupling units 2. One module assumes the function of the management unit (host) 11, and the other modules assume the role of the participants (clients) 12. The supply voltage 8 is transmitted from module to module. In addition, there is a connection for data exchange 9 and a control line 10 for controlling (e.g., activating / deactivating) the modules.

[0018] Fig. 4a, Fig. Figure 4b schematically shows further types of connection of modules to form a cluster. 13. As in Fig. As shown in 4a, the coupling units can be electrically connected via a special cable connection 14 using special connection modules 15. Fig. Figure 4b shows that the existing coupling units can also be used to connect modules 11 and 12 via cable 14.

[0019] The Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b, Fig. Figure 5c shows schematically how the assemblies 13 can be geometrically constructed. Fig. Figure 5a shows a 1-dimensional composite in which modules 11 and 12 are arranged next to each other and connected. Fig. Figure 5b, however, shows that modules 11 and 12 of different sizes can also be arranged in a two-dimensional structure. Ultimately, this shows Fig. 5c, that modules 11, 12 can also be arranged or connected one above the other (3-dimensionally).

[0020] The Fig. 6a, Fig. Section 6b provides an example of how consortia 13 can communicate with each other. Fig. Figure 6a illustrates the connection via a network or bus system 17. This network 17 can be local (e.g., LAN) or global (e.g., Internet, Cloud). The networks and bus systems shown in the figures represent general connections with other devices via different network types and topologies. The connection 16 can be wired (e.g., USB, RS232, RS485, etc.) or wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, WLAN, etc.). Fig. Figure 6b shows a direct connection 18 between clusters where no network is required. This connection can also be either wireless or wired.

[0021] Fig.Figure 7 schematically illustrates the data exchange between a cluster 13, consisting of two modules 11 and 12, and a network 17. The network 17 communicates with the management unit (host) 11 of the cluster 13, which in turn is connected to a participant (client) 12. The participant is automatically registered with the management unit 11 by sending identification data 19 of the module. Subsequently, the participant is assigned a unique ID 20, which allows the module to be uniquely addressed, read, and controlled. The management unit 11 transmits the registration information 21 of the cluster to the network. This information includes variables, write permissions, labels, and unique IDs of the participants and the host. By disclosing this information to the network 17, the cluster 13 can now be uniquely addressed, read, and controlled 22. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 000003769596B1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Module for a modular electronic system, in particular according to claim 7, comprising: a) A support (1) which serves as a physical base for the electrical and mechanical components of the module, b) a control unit (3) responsible for identifying the module, controlling the connected functional elements (4) and for communication within a group of modules, wherein the control unit automatically performs the configuration of the module, optimizes energy consumption and standardizes data exchange between the modules independently of the functional elements, c) at least one uniform coupling unit (2) for electrically and mechanically connecting the module and for transmitting power, data and control signals, wherein the coupling unit makes it possible to connect different modules regardless of their type and size, d) at least one functional element (4), such as a sensor, actuator, function block or peripheral device, which is either integrated directly on the module or in the control unit or is connected via provided connection terminals and is physically or logically connected to the control unit. [2] Module according to claim 1, wherein the coupling unit (2) is suitable for both electrical and mechanical fixing on carrier boards and for connection with various plug connectors. [3] Module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit (3) automatically performs the configuration and identification of the modules when it is connected to other modules. [4] Module according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (3) is able to take over the energy management of the module in order to minimize and / or control energy consumption. [5] Module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supply voltage (8) is transferred from module to module. [6] Module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (3) is programmed via a coupling unit (2). [7] Modular electronic system, comprising:

1. At least two modules according to one of the preceding claims, which are used as a management unit (host) (11) or participant (client) (12) and are connected to each other via uniform coupling units for connecting and transmitting power, data and control signals.

2. An administrative unit (host) (11) for each federation (13) that is able to detect connected modules, communicate with the individual modules, control them and monitor them.

3. The modules can be combined to form a cluster (13) which can communicate with other modules, clusters or devices via the management unit (host) (11). [8] Modular electronic system according to claim 7, wherein the modules use a uniform standard for data transmission to ensure seamless communication between the modules. [9] Modular electronic system according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising an automatic connection method that enables fast and error-free integration of the modules. [10] Modular electronic system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the modules can be arranged in various configurations, including 1D, 2D and 3D assemblies ( Fig. 5a-c). [11] Modular electronic system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the modules provide information for identification and configuration. [12] Modular electronic system according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized by that the modules can be connected to each other either via cable or wirelessly. [13] Modular electronic system according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized by that the networks can communicate and be connected to each other via a uniform data and communication standard, regardless of the topology used.

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