Device and method for deep foundations for noise and visual barrier structures

Abstract

Device (10) for deep foundations of structures, in particular for noise and visual barriers, comprising a cylindrical steel tube, which serves as a foundation tube (11) for vibration-free insertion into a subsoil intended for the foundation, with a first open end (12) in the working direction (20) and a second free open end (13) arranged diametrically apart from it, wherein a cutting device (26) is arranged at the first free open end (12) such that soil material can be directed into the foundation tube (11) and removed at the second free open end (13) and thereby the original density of the in situ subsoil surrounding the foundation tube (11) can be substantially maintained, and the cutting device (26) comprises at least two cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) arranged radially outside the outer circumference of the steel tube,the ends of the foundation pipe (11) are arranged at an angle to the axis of the foundation pipe (11) and spaced apart from each other, characterized in that the cutting unit (26) comprises cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) arranged on the outside (16) of the foundation pipe (11), which have an angle of attack relative to the inner axis of the foundation pipe (11) depending on the soil to be founded, which is essentially preset by the density of the soil to be founded.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for deep foundations of buildings, in particular for noise and visual barrier structures.

[0002] Foundations primarily serve to anchor lightweight or delicate structures to a solid support. To fulfill their function, foundations must therefore be stiffer, heavier, and more resistant to vibration than the elements they support. For example, a foundation slab, acting as a structural element, transfers the building loads into the ground over a sufficiently large area. Foundations are typically made of concrete—usually composed of cement, sand, gravel, and water—either without reinforcement or with reinforced concrete.

[0003] The foundation is therefore the structural and static design of the interface between the building and the ground. Its most important task is to absorb loads from the building and transfer them to the subsoil without the resulting soil compression causing adverse effects on the building or its surroundings. In the case of very tall and slender buildings, additional horizontal forces (bending forces, torsional forces) from wind pressure must also be absorbed and transferred to the ground.

[0004] Particularly in the area of ​​necessary noise protection measures, in the course of the expansion of transport routes in public urban landscapes, aspects of vibration-free foundations for the foundations intended for this purpose play an increasingly important role, in addition to the purely technical requirements for the required efficiency of the sound insulation to be achieved.

[0005] Especially in urban areas, space for erecting such noise barriers is usually very limited. For this reason, the structures are typically narrow and wall-like in design. One problem is the foundation work required for the above-ground structures. As described above, in urban areas, the possibilities for large-scale construction projects, and thus the use of large and heavy machinery, are very restricted.

[0006] Most of the installed noise barriers are founded on a steel pipe (piled pipe) that is vibrated into the ground. The foundation pipes are not driven into the ground, but rather vibrated into the soil using a high-frequency vibrator. This vibrator is an attachment for a large construction machine. After the steel pipe is in place, the upper part of the pipe is drilled out and serves as a socket into which a steel beam is embedded in concrete. This steel beam then serves as a load-bearing component for, for example, a noise barrier.

[0007] Since the transport routes often run through already developed areas, there have been repeated instances of direct and indirect damage to buildings in the past. This is because the frequencies generated by the vibrator are sufficient to cause vibrations and damage to buildings located within the area where noise barriers are required. This has led, and continues to lead, to significant increases in construction costs due to compensation payments and / or restoration costs to return a building to its original, undamaged condition before the construction work.

[0008] Under these circumstances, vibration-free installation methods are required; these are usually bored piles. These bored piles represent a complex foundation method. Specialized equipment is used to drill foundation holes into the ground. Reinforcing cages are inserted into these holes and then filled with concrete under controlled conditions. Formwork and concrete work then follow to support a steel beam. However, experience has shown that these methods, particularly in densely populated urban areas, have repeatedly led to damage to structures.

[0009] To avoid the harmful vibrations described above, so-called screw foundations are used. These are oversized earth screws that are screwed into the ground and are intended to connect with it. The screws themselves then form the foundation and the base for the structure. Support elements for a noise barrier can then be attached to the screw head. These earth screws are expensive and can only bear a very limited load. A permanent and secure foundation cannot be reliably guaranteed with this method.

[0010] The printed document DE 38 79 842 T2 describes a hollow steel pile with a helical projection on its outer circumference, which is suitable for being screwed into the ground.

[0011] The known devices have thus proven their worth to a certain extent, but all suffer from the disadvantage that vibration-free installation of a foundation or the creation of a foundation footing in the ground is simply not possible with these devices and methods. The known vibration-free installation alternatives are severely limited in their dimensions for large, heavy, and complex structures. Furthermore, screwing the earth screws into the ground can cause pressure peaks and uneven compaction, which dissipate over a certain period. This subsequently leads to settlement around the foundation, which in turn can weaken the entire foundation. Moreover, the production of such earth screws is complex and therefore expensive.Furthermore, to ensure a long service life, galvanized or stainless steel materials are necessary to prevent corrosion and thus a weakening of the foundation, which in turn involves considerable additional costs.

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for constructing foundations for noise barrier structures that can be flexibly adapted to the respective installation and foundation soil conditions at any time and that is cost-effective to manufacture and use. A further object is to provide a method for constructing a foundation using the device according to the invention.

[0013] This problem is solved by the features specified in claim 1, in particular by the fact that the cutting device comprises cutting plates arranged on the outside of the foundation pipe, which have an angle of attack relative to the inner axis of the foundation pipe depending on the soil subsoil to be founded, which can be essentially preset by the density of the soil subsoil to be founded.

[0014] In a further advantageous embodiment, the cutting plates have a cross-section that tapers outwards from the outside of the steel tube. However, the cutting plates can also have the same cross-section over their entire length and width. This means that the thickness of the cutting plates to be welded on is the same everywhere.

[0015] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel tube is a guide tube whose inner diameter is dimensioned such that a steel beam that can be inserted into the guide tube can be brought into operative contact with the inner surface of the guide tube with its corners or edges.

[0016] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one groove can be arranged on the inner surface of the guide tube, in which at least one corner of a steel beam can be guided and the steel beam can thereby be axially aligned with the core axis of the guide tube. This quasi-forced guidance eliminates the need for complex alignment of a steel beam within the foundation tube / guide tube. The foundation is virtually completed by inserting the steel beam into the foundation tube and subsequently encasing it in concrete.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the groove can be replaced by a slot in the longitudinal direction of the guide tube. A corner of the steel beam can then be guided in this slot of the slotted guide tube. Furthermore, a cutting edge can be assigned to the slot, which allows the guide tube to cut vertically into the substrate.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the foundation tube can comprise parallel and spaced-apart, axially parallel slots at its first free end, defining fields that then angle radially outward from the circumference of the tube. The fields formed thereby constitute cutting surfaces that angle radially outward from the circumference of the foundation tube and have an angle of attack of at least 20° to 60° relative to the inner axis of the foundation tube.

[0019] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the cutting blades, arranged at an angle on the radial outer side of the guide tube, project with one side ¼ to ½ of their total length beyond the first open free end of the guide tube. This creates virtually freestanding overhangs that can cut into the ground even before reaching the free end. This loosens the soil, allowing the material to be cut to enter the interior of the tube without compaction.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the device can have a modular design. It then consists of at least one foundation tube into which a steel beam, adapted to the inner diameter of the foundation tube, can be inserted and which can bear against the inside of the foundation tube with at least one surface or edge. The foundation also includes a self-hardening filler material that can be inserted into the foundation tube, forms a positive connection with the inside of the foundation tube and the steel beam arranged therein. The foundation thus comprises the foundation tube, which previously served as a drilling tool, and a steel beam arranged in the foundation tube and secured with a filler material.

[0021] Furthermore, the aforementioned problem is also solved by a method for vibration-free deep foundations for noise and visual barrier structures using the aforementioned device; in particular by the following steps: - Preparatory measures for the foundation, in particular leveling work on the area to be founded; - vibration-free insertion of the foundation pipe, whereby the foundation pipe is cut into the subsoil by a rotational movement around the longitudinal axis; - Removal of the soil material that entered the foundation pipe through the cutting of the foundation pipe into the subsoil using a gripping device, so that the interior of the foundation pipe, determined by its inner diameter, is essentially free of soil material; - Inserting a steel beam matched to the inner diameter into the foundation pipe and fixing it with optional insertable clamping devices; - Filling the interior of the foundation pipe with a suitable self-hardening filling material.

[0022] Further advantageous measures are described in the dependent claims. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and is described in more detail below. The drawings show: Fig. 1 The device according to the invention in an overall view, side view; Fig. 2 The representation of the device according to the invention from above.

[0023] The Fig. Figure 1 shows the device 10 according to the invention in a possible operating position in a side view. The device 10 consists of a steel pipe designed to enable drilling into the subsoil. It is intended that the steel pipe should remain in the subsoil / soil at a predetermined depth after drilling. The steel pipe will be described in more detail below, and the term foundation pipe 11 will be used to clarify its use and properties.

[0024] The foundation tube 11 has a first free open end 12 and a second free open end 13. In this embodiment, at least two cutting plates 14 and 15 are provided at the first free open end 12 of the foundation tube 11. However, there can also be a plurality of these, as shown in the Fig. Figure 2 shows that the cutting plates 14 and 15 are arranged radially on the outer surface 16 of the foundation tube 11, thus forming a cutting unit 26. The cutting unit 26 therefore comprises a plurality of cutting plates 14, 15 and 21, 22, which are arranged at the first free and open end 12 of the foundation tube 11 and its outer surface 16.

[0025] The cutting plates 14, 15 can be welded firmly to the outer surface 16 in the manner of a spiral auger (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the cutting plates 14 and 15 lie flush against the outer surface 16 with their side edges. The inner radius of the side edge corresponds to the surface curvature of the outer surface 16 of the foundation pipe, so that the side edge can be flush with the outer surface 16. Furthermore, the Fig. 1, that the illustrated cutting plates 14 and 15 are set at an angle to the inner axis 19 of the foundation tube 11.

[0026] Furthermore, the free end 17 of the cutting plate 15 and the free end 16 of the cutting plate 14 project beyond the first free end of the foundation tube 11. It is intended that the free ends 16 and 17 of the cutting plates 14 and 15 project approximately one-third to two-thirds of their total length beyond the first free end 12. However, the cutting plates 14 and 15 can also be flush with the first free end 12.

[0027] The foundation pipe 11 is placed in the working direction 20 onto the subsoil to be founded (not shown) and set into an axial rotational movement by means of a rotating device (also not shown). During this process, the cutting plates 14 and 15 cut into the subsoil, and the foundation pipe 11 is cut or pulled into the subsoil to the extent of the slope of the angled cutting plates 14 and 15. Additional thrust in the working direction 20 is provided gravitationally by the self-weight of the foundation pipe 11 and by the rotating device (not shown), which is detachably connected to the rotating device required for the rotational movement.

[0028] The Fig. Figure 2 shows the device 10 in a view from above towards the working position 20 and the second free end 13. Fig.1. In addition to the cutting plates 14 and 15, two further cutting plates 21 and 22 are also shown here. These are likewise firmly connected to the foundation tube 11, as described above. A steel beam 23 is arranged in the foundation tube 11. In this embodiment, the steel beam 23 has a rectangular base shape. The steel beam reinforces the internal structure of the foundation tube 11 and also serves as reinforcement. The steel beam 23 rests against the inner surface 24 of the foundation tube with its edge surfaces A, B, C, and D. The foundation tube 11 essentially keeps the steel beam 23 aligned and locks it in place.

[0029] In this embodiment, the spaces between the steel beam 23 and the inner surface 24 of the foundation pipe 11, which are bounded by the contact surfaces A, B and C, D, are completely filled with a filling material 25. The filling material can, for example, be a hardening concrete mixture (expansive concrete). This creates a stable foundation in which the actual foundation pipe acts as... Reference sign 10 Device 11 Foundation pipe / steel pipe 12 first free open end 13 second free open end 14 cutting plates 15 cutting plates 16 Outside 17 free end cutting plate 14 18 free end cutting plate 15 19 Soul axis foundation pipe 20 Working direction 21 cutting plate 22 cutting plate 23 steel beams 24 Inner surface area of ​​foundation pipe 25 Filling material 26 cutting unit A, B, C, D Edge surfaces of steel beams

Claims

[1] Device (10) for deep foundations of structures, in particular for noise and visual barriers, comprising a cylindrical steel tube, which serves as a foundation tube (11) for vibration-free insertion into a subsoil intended for the foundation, with a first open end (12) in the working direction (20) and a second free open end (13) arranged diametrically apart from it, wherein a cutting device (26) is arranged at the first free open end (12) such that soil material can be directed into the foundation tube (11) and removed at the second free open end (13) and thereby the original density of the in situ subsoil surrounding the foundation tube (11) can be substantially maintained, and the cutting device (26) comprises at least two cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) arranged radially outside the outer circumference of the steel tube,the ends are arranged at an angle to the axis of the foundation pipe (11) and spaced apart from each other, characterized by , that the cutting unit (26) comprises cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) arranged on the outside (16) of the foundation pipe (11), which have an angle of attack relative to the inner axis of the foundation pipe (11) depending on the soil subsoil to be founded, which is essentially preset by the relative density of the soil subsoil to be founded. [2] Device (10) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) have a cross-section (profile) that tapers outwards from the outside (16) of the foundation tube (11). [3] Device (10) according to claim 2, characterized by, that the foundation tube (11) is a guide tube whose inner diameter is dimensioned such that a steel beam (23) that can be inserted into the guide tube can be brought into operative contact with the inner surface (24) of the foundation tube (11) with its edge surfaces (A, B, C, D). [4] Device (10) according to claim 3, characterized by , that at least one groove is arranged on the inner surface (24) of the foundation tube (11) in which at least one edge surface (A, B, C, D) of the steel beam (23) can be guided and arranged, and that the steel beam (23) can thereby be axially aligned to the core axis of the foundation tube (11). [5] Device (10) according to claim 4, characterized by , that the groove is a slot in the longitudinal direction of the foundation tube (11) in which an edge surface (A, B, C, D) of the steel beam (23) can be guided. [6] Device (10) according to one or more of the aforementioned claims 1 and 4 to 5, characterized by, that the foundation tube (11) at its first free open end (12) comprises parallel and spaced-apart, axially parallel slots, the fields formed thereby being cutting surfaces which are angled radially outwards from the circumference of the foundation tube (11) and have an angle of attack of at least 20° to 60° relative to the inner axis of the foundation tube (11). [7] Device (10) according to one or more of the aforementioned claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the cutting plates (14, 15, 21, 22) arranged at an angle on the radial outside of the foundation tube (11) extend with one side ¼ to ½ of their total length beyond the first free open end (12) of the foundation tube (11). [8] Device (10) according to one or more of the aforementioned claims 1 to 7, characterized by, that the device (10) is modular in design and consists of at least one foundation tube (11) into which a steel beam (23) adapted to the inner diameter of the foundation tube (11) can be inserted, which can be placed with at least one edge surface (A, B, C, D) on the inner surface (24) of the foundation tube (11), and comprises a self-hardening filling material (25) that can be inserted into the foundation tube (11), that can be positively connected to the inner surface (24) of the foundation tube (11) and the steel beam (23) arranged therein. [9] Method for deep foundations for noise and visual barrier structures with a device (10) according to claims 1 to 8, characterized by the steps: - Preparatory measures for the foundation, in particular leveling work on the area to be founded; - vibration-free insertion of the foundation pipe (11), wherein the foundation pipe (11) is cut into the subsoil by a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis; - Removal of the soil material that entered the foundation pipe (11) by cutting the foundation pipe (11) into the subsoil using a gripping device, so that the foundation pipe (11) is essentially free of soil material in its interior space determined by its inner diameter; - Inserting a steel beam (23) matched to the inner diameter into the foundation tube (11) and fixing it with optional insertable clamping devices; - Filling the interior of the foundation pipe (11) with a suitable self-curing filling material.

Images