Transport and assembly device for photovoltaic segments and method for assembling photovoltaic segments

Abstract

The invention relates to a transport and assembly device for photovoltaic segments, wherein the transport and assembly device has wheels or tracks for movement in the open field, wherein the transport and assembly device can store and / or transport at least one photovoltaic segment with several photovoltaic modules attached to a cable or support. Within the scope of the invention, it is proposed that the transport and assembly device has a crane for lifting the photovoltaic segments, wherein the transport and assembly device has at least one assembly platform, wherein the assembly platform has means for climbing and securing means. The transport and assembly device allows for quick and easy assembly of photovoltaic systems. The invention also relates to a method for assembling photovoltaic segments.

Description

The invention relates to a transport and assembly device for photovoltaic segments, wherein the transport and assembly device has wheels or caterpillars for travel in the free field, wherein the transport and assembly device can store and / or transport at least one photovoltaic segment with a plurality of photovoltaic modules fastened to a cable or carrier. The invention also relates to a method for assembling photovoltaic segments.Photovoltaic systems are known from the prior art, in which the photovoltaic modules are arranged suspended from a cable or a carrier. The photovoltaic modules can thereby freely oscillate about an axis largely parallel to the cable or carrier and thus avoid the wind loads. Photovoltaic modules are also known which are rigidly fastened to a carrier. The cables or the carriers can be tensioned between posts and fixed with them. The posts and the ropes or beams form the supporting structure of the photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic modules have module plates. The module plates can have photovoltaic cells arranged on both sides or bifazial photovoltaic cells which are protected from external influences by glass plates.The assembly of such photovoltaic open-space systems is characterized by steps which are small and must be carried out manually. Thus, the supporting structure of the photovoltaic modules is usually composed of smaller elements which can be handled manually by two persons and which are all joined together locally and directly in the field. The same applies to the mounting of the photovoltaic modules on the carriers and their cabling.In particular, the agricultural photovoltaic systems currently expanding strongly on the market are characterized by structures of high construction and complicated mounting. The assembly effort therefore increases massively compared to classic systems close to the floor, and the process is also often dangerous and is very susceptible to weathering.Mounting devices for individual photovoltaic modules are known from the prior art.CN 2 15 711 528 U discloses an apparatus for mounting photovoltaic modules. The apparatus for assembling photovoltaic modules includes a lifting mechanism, a storage platform, a fork mechanism, a mechanical rotating arm, and a suction mechanism. The lifting mechanism is provided with a connecting part, and the storage platform is disposed at the top of the connecting part. The fork mechanism is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the connecting part. The mechanical rotating arm is disposed on the support platform, and the suction mechanism is disposed at one end of the mechanical rotating arm. The aspiration mechanism is used to receive the photovoltaic modules on the storage platform and the mechanical pivot arm is used to attach the photovoltaic modules to the photovoltaic mountThe object of the present invention is to provide an improved transport and assembly device for photovoltaic modules. In particular, the invention is based on the object of reducing the assembly time with simultaneously increased working safety and reduced weather dependence.The object is achieved in a transport and assembly device for photovoltaic segments of the type mentioned at the beginning in that the transport and assembly device has a crane for lifting the photovoltaic segments, wherein the transport and assembly device has at least one assembly stand, wherein the assembly stand has means for raising and securing means.A photovoltaic segment comprises a plurality of photovoltaic modules which are pre-assembled on a cable or carrier. The photovoltaic modules may be mounted to swing freely vertically downwards or suspended at an angle below the rope or support. They can also be mounted at an angle on the cable or carrier. The photovoltaic modules can be of bifical configuration.The photovoltaic segments can also be rigidly connected to a carrier. The support may be fixed to a post or between two posts, the photovoltaic modules being oriented perpendicular to the ground or at an optimum angle to solar radiation. Alternatively, the photovoltaic segment or the supporting structure can also comprise means for solar tracking, for example a single-axis solar tracking system.The photovoltaic modules can already be wired to one another. A photovoltaic segment can have, for example, more than two, preferably more than four, particularly preferably more than six photovoltaic modules.The crane may be a boom crane. It may comprise a column anchored to the bottom of the transport and assembly device. Mounted on top of this column is a boom which can rotate about the column. As a result, the jib crane has a circular working area. A trolley is fastened to the jib, similar to a construction crane. The trolley can have a cable pull or also a chain pull which is designed to raise loads. Advantageously, the photovoltaic segments can be positioned in the plane manually with the crane and without relevant exertion of force. The column of the crane can be independently alignable in order to always be able to align it correctly vertically even in difficult terrain.Photovoltaic segments pre-assembled by the transport and assembly device can advantageously be transported to their installation location, wherein the final assembly takes place there. The photovoltaic segments can be pre-assembled at a central location. At the site of installation, the photovoltaic segments can be lifted and mounted with the crane to their position in the photovoltaic installation. Preferably, a photovoltaic segment comprises all photovoltaic modules of a photovoltaic installation on one post or between two posts. In this case, it is advantageous that the transport and assembly device can insert this photovoltaic segment completely over its length. The photovoltaic segments can be transported lying on the base of the transport and assembly device. Several photovoltaic segments can be placed one above the other.The transport and assembly device has an assembly stand. Advantageously, the assembly stand can also allow relatively high-lying assembly points of the photovoltaic segments to be reached by an engineer. The mounting stand can have, for example, half or three quarters of the height of the crane, in particular the height of the column of the crane. The mounting points are in particular the two connection points between the photovoltaic segments and the two posts between which the photovoltaic segments are tensioned. The photovoltaic segments may also have a single or multiple mounting points for connection to a single post. The mounting points are usually located at the upper end of the posts. In particular in photovoltaic installations on agricultural surfaces, the mounting points can be arranged at a corresponding height above the crop plants. The mounting comprises both the mechanical and electrical connection of the photovoltaic segments.Particularly advantageously, the individual photovoltaic modules can be checked, maintained or even changed after and during the assembly of the photovoltaic segment in the photovoltaic installation. The transport and assembly device has means for raising the assembly stand, for example access stairs and / or ladders, for reaching the assembly stand. The mounting stand can also be designed as a lift or lifting stand. The mounting stand can also be designed to be movable in the horizontal. Advantageously, the mounting points of the photovoltaic segments and / or the individual photovoltaic modules can be easily reached with the mounting posts.The mounting stand has securing means. The securing means can be designed, for example, as a revolving railing or as a chain suspended on posts. The securing means can be designed to be detachably connectable to the mounting stand. For example, the mounting stand can have receptacles for the posts of a chain or rods of a railing. The receptacles can be apertures for inserting rods. Advantageously, the securing means can be dismounted during the transport of the photovoltaic segments. The securing means can be interrupted at the ascending point of the access stair. Alternatively, a gate or a chain can be provided for closing the interruption of the securing means. Advantageously, the safety means improves the fall protection. For example, an engineer can additionally connect a belt system to the securing means.The bottom element of the mounting stand can have a slip-inhibiting surface. For example, a slip-inhibiting coating, for example with plastic, or a slip-inhibiting surface structure, for example with corrugations or tears, can be provided. This advantageously ensures a secure stand during the assembly of the photovoltaic system.The caterpillars or wheels of the transport and assembly device permit the movement even on difficult terrain. The transport and assembly device can be pulled from a pulling machine to the installation location of the photovoltaic system. In particular in installation locations which are expensive to reach or are remote, the photovoltaic installation can be installed solely with the transport and assembly device. On agricultural surfaces soil compaction and / or damage to plants by additional machines can be avoided. The mounting of the photovoltaic system with a single transport and mounting device increases safety. The assembly can be done with a single heavy machine.One embodiment of the invention consists in that the transport and assembly device has means for transporting a plurality of photovoltaic segments next to one another, wherein the photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic segments can be aligned vertically.Advantageously, the means for transporting the photovoltaic segments can transport them from a central location of the preassembly to the installation location. Advantageously, the vertical alignment of the photovoltaic modules enables a particularly secure and space-saving transport. The cables or carriers can be used advantageously for the secure fixing of the photovoltaic segments during transport.The means for transporting the photovoltaic segments may each comprise a horizontal rod at the front and rear end of the transport and assembly device. The ropes or beams of the photovoltaic segments can rest on these rods and be connected to them. The rods may have connecting portions similar to those of the posts of the photovoltaic system. As a result, the photovoltaic segments can have a similar connection to the means for transport during transport as it is later carried out during the assembly with the posts. In particular in the case of freely vibrating photovoltaic modules, the means for transport can comprise stoppers which prevent the photovoltaic modules from vibrating during transport. The stoppers may comprise, for example, cross bars mounted vertically between the bars and preventing the photovoltaic modules from swinging relative to each other. The cross bars may be padded and / or comprise receptacles for the individual photovoltaic modules.A further embodiment of the invention consists in the transport and assembly device having at least one support foot.Advantageously, the support foot also ensures a secure hold in difficult terrain at the installation location of the photovoltaic system. The transport and assembly device can have, for example, two, three or four support feet. The transport and assembly device can be aligned horizontally, for example, with the support feet. The horizontal alignment enables the safe use of the crane and the mounting stand. The transport and assembly device preferably has three support feet. Before use of the crane, the transport and assembly device can be aligned via the support feet and secured against tilting.A further embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the transport and assembly device has drive means.Advantageously, the transport and assembly device can also be moved without a tractor. The drive means can also drive the crane and the supporting feet. The propulsion means can be operated with electrical or fossil energy carriers.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the transport and assembly device can store, transport and / or mount posts.The posts can be fastened in or to the ground. The posts may comprise, for example, a frame pile for anchoring in the ground. The posts may also be connected to a foundation. In addition to the posts, the transport and assembly device can also transport further elements for constructing a photovoltaic system, for example connecting elements for connecting the photovoltaic segments to the posts. Advantageously, as much as possible the entire photovoltaic system can be transported through the transport and assembly device to the installation location and mounted there. Separate transport of the support structure of the photovoltaic system is advantageously avoided.A further embodiment of the invention consists in that a mounting stand is provided in each case in the front and in the rear region of the transport and mounting device.Preferably, the two mounting posts are each arranged at the two end regions of the transport and mounting device at a distance from the two posts or the length of the cables or carriers of the photovoltaic segments. Advantageously, the photovoltaic segments can be mounted on both sides without a complicated changeover and alignment of the transport and mounting device. For this purpose, the transport and assembly device is positioned approximately parallel and next to the intended position of the photovoltaic segment, so that the assembly posts are respectively positioned on the intended connection regions of the photovoltaic segments on the posts. With this arrangement, it is possible to mount the entire photovoltaic segment in one operation without having to adjust the transport and mounting device. In the same working step, before the photovoltaic segment is mounted, the remaining support structure, such as the posts and connecting elements, can also be mounted. For this purpose, the crane and the mounting stand can be used without adjusting the transport and mounting device. Advantageously, the time required for the installation and mounting of the photovoltaic installation can be significantly reduced.Finally, it is part of the invention that the transport and assembly device has a column, wherein the column has a guide for a carriage, wherein the carriage has a ram hammer.The column serves as a vertical guide for the carriage. The column may comprise a winch or a chain hoist for lifting the carriage. The column may be the column of a boom crane.The rammer makes it possible to set up posts with ram post of the photovoltaic system. The carriage serves as a vertical guide for the ram hammer on the column of the crane. The pile hammer can be pulled upward via the chain hoist or the cable hoist of the crane and then, when dropping, drive the pile into the ground.The invention also relates to a method for assembling a photovoltaic installation having a transport and assembly device, which method has the following steps:• Provision of a pre-assembled photovoltaic segment,• Transport of the photovoltaic segment to the installation location of the photovoltaic installation with the transport and assembly device,• Positioning and aligning the transport and assembly device between two posts of the photovoltaic system,• raising the photovoltaic segments into the mounting position,• Mounting the photovoltaic segments, wherein the transport and mounting device does not change its position and orientation after the original positioning and orientation.Since the mounting stand should be positioned as laterally as possible on the posts and on the connecting elements to the photovoltaic segments, it may be that the mounting stand widths, or the reduced distance between the mounting stand, impede the positioning of the photovoltaic segment itself. This can occur if the mounting posts are located between the photovoltaic segments stored for transport and their mounting position between the posts.In this case, the photovoltaic segment can first be brought laterally at one end approximately to its mounting position. In a further assembly step, the photovoltaic segment is displaced in the field direction, so that the second end can be displaced laterally freely on a second assembly stand. Alternatively, the mounting posts can be individually displaced. The photovoltaic segments can also be lifted over the mounting stand by means of the crane.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.They show FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic segment, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another photovoltaic segment, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic system, FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a transport and assembly device according to the invention, FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the transport and assembly device from FIG. 4 FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a further transport and assembly device according to the invention, FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a further transport and assembly device according to the invention.In FIG. 1, a photovoltaic segment 2 is shown. The photovoltaic segment 2 has four photovoltaic modules 4 which are pre-assembled on a cable or carrier 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 are mounted at an angle on the cable or support 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 can be of bifical configuration. The photovoltaic modules 4 can already be wired to one anotherIn FIG. 2, a further photovoltaic segment 2 is shown. The photovoltaic segment 2 has four photovoltaic modules 4 which are pre-assembled on a cable or carrier 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 are mounted freely swinging under the rope or support 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 can be of bifical configuration. The photovoltaic modules 4 can already be wired to one another.In FIG. 3 a part of a photovoltaic system is shown. The photovoltaic system has photovoltaic segments 2 which are tensioned between two posts 13. The photovoltaic segments 2 are connected to the posts 13 by means of connecting elements 16. The photovoltaic segment 2 has four photovoltaic modules 4 which are pre-assembled on a cable or carrier 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 are mounted freely swinging under the rope or support 3. The photovoltaic modules 4 can be of bifical configuration. The photovoltaic modules 4 can already be wired to one another.FIG. 4 shows a transport and assembly device 1 according to the invention. photovoltaic segments 2 can be transported in the transport and assembly device 1. The transport and mounting device 1 has wheels or caterpillars 5 for the movement.The transporting and mounting device 1 has a crane 6, and the crane 6 is connected to the bottom of the transporting and mounting device 1 via a column 7. At the upper end of this column 7 is fixed a pivotable boom 8. On the boom 8 there is a trolley 9 with a chain hoist. The column 7 of the crane 6 can be independently alignable in order to always be able to align it correctly vertically even in difficult terrain.In the front and in the rear region of the transport and mounting device 1, a mounting stand 10 is provided in each case. The two mounting posts 10 are each arranged on the two end regions of the transport and mounting device 1 at a distance from the two posts 13 or the length of the cables or carriers 3 of the photovoltaic segments 2. The two mounting stand 10 can be reached by means of ascending means 17 as access stairs. The mounting stand 10 has securing means 18. The securing means 18 are designed as a revolving railing. The handrail is interrupted at the ascent point of the access stair. Alternatively, a gate or chain may be provided for closing the interruption of the railing. Advantageously, the safety means 18 improve the fall protection. For example, an engineer can additionally connect a belt system to the securing means 18.FIG. 5 shows the transport and assembly device 1 during the assembly of a photovoltaic segment 2. Like reference numerals correspond to like features. The photovoltaic segments 2 can be lifted into their mounting position by means of the crane 6. The connection of the photovoltaic segments to the posts 13 is possible via the mounting stand 10.FIG. 6 shows a further transport and assembly device 1 according to the invention. Photovoltaic segments 2 can be transported in the transport and assembly device 1. The photovoltaic segments are secured by transport means 11. The means for transport comprise a rod at the front and at the rear end of the transport and assembly device 1, respectively. This allows a particularly space-saving vertical transport of the photovoltaic modules 4.The transport and mounting device 1 has wheels or caterpillars 5 for the movement and can be secured and aligned at the installation location of the photovoltaic system by means of support feet 12.The transporting and mounting device 1 has a crane 6, and the crane 6 is connected to the bottom of the transporting and mounting device 1 via a column 7. At the upper end of this column 7 is fixed a pivotable boom 8. On the boom 8 there is a trolley 9 with a chain hoist. The column 7 of the crane 6 can be independently alignable in order to always be able to align it correctly vertically even in difficult terrain.For mounting the photovoltaic segments 2, a mounting stand 10 with an access staircase 17 is provided. The assembly stand 10 can be reached via means for ascent 17 as access stairs. The mounting stand 10 has securing means 18. The securing means 18 are designed as a revolving railing. The handrail is interrupted at the ascent point of the access stair. Alternatively, a gate or chain may be provided for closing the interruption of the railing. Advantageously, the safety means 18 improve the fall protection. For example, an engineer can additionally connect a belt system to the securing means 18.FIG. 7 shows a further transport and assembly device 1 according to the invention. Photovoltaic segments 2 can be transported in the transport and assembly device 1. The photovoltaic segments are secured by transport means 11. The means for transport comprise a rod at the front and at the rear end of the transport and assembly device 1, respectively. This allows a particularly space-saving vertical transport of the photovoltaic modules 4. The transport and mounting device 1 has wheels or caterpillars 5 for the movement.In the front and in the rear region of the transport and mounting device 1, a mounting stand 10 is provided in each case. The two mounting posts 10 are each arranged on the two end regions of the transport and mounting device 1 at a distance from the two posts 13 or the length of the cables or carriers 3 of the photovoltaic segments 2. The two mounting stand 10 can be reached by means of ascending means 17 as access stairs. The mounting stand 10 has securing means 18. The securing means 18 are designed as a revolving railing. The handrail is interrupted at the ascent point of the access stair. Alternatively, a gate or chain may be provided for closing the interruption of the railing. Advantageously, the safety means 18 improve the fall protection. For example, an engineer can additionally connect a belt system to the securing means 18.The column 7 of the crane 6 has a guide for a carriage 14 with a ram hammer 15. Alternatively, the carriage 14 can also be guided on an additional column with cable or chain traction. The ram hammer 15 enables the posts 13 of the photovoltaic system to be set up. The carriage 14 serves as a vertical guide for the pile hammer 15 on the column 7 of the crane 6. the pile hammer 15 is pulled upwards over the chain of the crane 6 and drives the pile into the ground when it falls.List of reference characters1 Transporting and mounting device 2 Photovoltaic segment 3 Cable or carrier 4 Photovoltaic module 5 Wheels or caterpillars 6 Crane 7 Column 8 Boom 9 Trolley 10 Mounting stand 11 Means for transport 12 Supporting foot 13 Posts 14 Carriages 15 Rammer 16 Connecting element 17 Means for raising 18 Securing means

Claims

Transport and assembly device (1) for photovoltaic segments (2), wherein the transport and assembly device (1) has wheels or caterpillars (5) for travel in the free field, wherein the transport and assembly device (1) can store and / or transport at least one photovoltaic segment (2) with several photovoltaic modules (4) fastened to a cable or carrier (3), characterized in that the transport and assembly device (1) has a crane (6) for lifting the photovoltaic segments (2), wherein the transport and assembly device (1) has at least one assembly stand (10), wherein the assembly stand (10) has means for raising (17) and securing means (18).Transport and assembly device (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the transport and assembly device (1) has means for transporting (11) a plurality of photovoltaic segments (2) next to one another, wherein the photovoltaic modules (4) of the photovoltaic segments (2) can be aligned vertically.Transport and assembly device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the transport and assembly device (1) comprises at least one support foot (12).Transporting and mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transporting and mounting device (1) has drive means.Transporting and mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transporting and mounting device (1) can store, transport and / or mount posts (13).Transport and assembly device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mounting stand (10) is provided in each case in the front and in the rear region of the transport and assembly device (1).Transporting and mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transporting and mounting device (1) has a column (7), the column (7) having a guide for a carriage (14), the carriage (14) having a ram hammer (15).Method for mounting a photovoltaic installation with a transport and mounting device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: ▪ provision of a pre-assembled photovoltaic segment (2), ▪ transport of the photovoltaic segment (2) to the installation location of the photovoltaic installation with the transport and mounting device (1), ▪ positioning and alignment of the transport and mounting device (1) between two posts (13) of the photovoltaic installation, ▪ lifting of the photovoltaic segments (2) into the mounting position, ▪ mounting of the photovoltaic segments (2), wherein the transport and mounting device (1) does not change its position and alignment after the original positioning and alignment.

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