Traction battery for an electric vehicle, electric vehicle with a traction battery, method for producing an electric vehicle and modular system for producing several variants of an electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a traction battery (1) for an electric vehicle (20), comprising a fastening device (2) on the traction battery side, by means of which the traction battery (1) can be non-destructively and detachably fastened to a body of the electric vehicle (20), comprising a storage housing (3) which delimits a receiving space (4), and comprising storage cells (5) arranged in the receiving space (4) for storing electrical energy. The traction battery (1) is characterized in that the storage cells (5) are arranged in the receiving space (4) in an unevenly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction (6) of the traction battery (1), as a result of which the traction battery (1) has an inhomogeneous mass distribution along its longitudinal direction (6), which runs in the vehicle's longitudinal direction (6) when the traction battery (1) is installed.The invention also includes an electric vehicle (20) with a traction battery, a method for producing an electric vehicle (20) and a modular system for producing several construction variants of an electric vehicle (20).

Description

The invention relates to a traction battery for an electric vehicle having a fastening device by means of which the traction battery can be fastened to a structure of the electric vehicle in a non-destructive, detachable manner, having a storage housing which delimits a receiving space, and having storage cells arranged in the receiving space for storing electrical energy, and also to an electric vehicle having a traction battery, to a method for producing an electric vehicle and to a modular system for producing an electric vehicle.EP 2 298 690 B1 shows a battery changing system of an electric vehicle having a battery block which is arranged in a battery compartment of the electric vehicle and can be moved out of the latter, having a changing device comprising a changing device and / or a storage device and having a device for fixing the battery block in the battery compartment and on the changing device in at least one direction of movement.DE 10 2019 102 541 A1 discloses a storage device for an energy storage device or a (traction) battery of a motor vehicle having a receiving element or housing, in which two cell blocks having storage cells are spaced apart from one another by a gap in the longitudinal direction or in the installed position in the vehicle longitudinal direction, wherein the housing forms an indentation in the region of the gap with respect to a vertical direction of the storage device.EP 3 528 305 A1 shows a drive battery for a motor vehicle which can be arranged on a motor vehicle in two installation positions which are rotated relative to one another by 180 degrees with respect to a vehicle vertical axis. In both installation positions, the drive battery, reinforcing cross members running transversely to the longitudinal and vertical direction of the vehicle, should come to lie at the same position in order to ensure a similar (lateral) vehicle-to-vehicle behavior of the vehicle or of the drive battery in both installation positions.It is an object of the invention to provide a traction battery for an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle having a traction battery, a method for producing an electric vehicle and a modular system for producing an electric vehicle, whereby an axle load distribution of an electric vehicle can be varied.This object is achieved according to the invention by a traction battery having the features of patent claim 1, an electric vehicle having the features of patent claim 5, a method having the features of patent claim 6 and a modular system having the features of patent claim 7. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are given in the remaining claims.A first aspect of the invention relates to a traction battery for an electric vehicle, having a fastening device on the traction battery side, by means of which the traction battery can be fastened to a structure of the electric vehicle in a non-destructive, detachable manner, having a storage housing which delimits a receiving space, and having storage cells arranged in the receiving space for storing electrical energy. The traction battery is distinguished in that the storage cells are arranged in the receiving space in a non-uniformly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction of the traction battery, as a result of which the traction battery has an inhomogeneous mass distribution along its longitudinal direction, which runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction in the installed position of the traction battery.In other words, the traction battery should have a decentral centre of gravity position of its centre of gravity, that is to say its centre of gravity should lie outside or deviating from its centre with respect to a longitudinal dimension in the longitudinal direction.This results in the advantage that in the installed position, i.e. in the installed state of the traction battery on or in the electric vehicle, the mass distribution of the traction battery and / or in the traction battery loads one axle of the electric vehicle more than its other further axle. In other words, the position of the center of gravity of the electric vehicle with a traction battery installed can be shifted in a targeted manner in the direction of an axis or toward an axis by the installation position.The longitudinal direction is understood here to mean a vehicle longitudinal direction, i.e. for example a forward travel direction of the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle can be, for example, a passenger car or a commercial vehicle which can be driven at least by an electric motor and has at least two axles. The electric vehicle can be, for example, a hybrid vehicle which, in addition to the at least one electric motor, has an internal combustion engine for driving the hybrid vehicle, and / or an electric two-wheel motor, for example an electric motor wheel. An axle is understood here to mean, for example, a shaft on which vehicle wheels are rotatably arranged. The vehicle wheels may be drivable via the shaft for driving the electric vehicle. The storage housing can delimit the receiving space, for example by walls. The storage cells can be combined in the receiving space, for example, in modules or arranged as a single coherent storage cell package, that is to say, for example, completely or partially enclosed or surrounded by the storage housing. The variable axle load distribution results in the advantage that axle-specific legally prescribed loading limits can be observed, for example. If, for example, a cargo space or trunk of an electric vehicle is fully packed or fully loaded, the traction battery can be arranged in such a way that a rear axle, i.e. an axle which is closest to the trunk, is relieved of load with respect to a position in the longitudinal direction, when the trunk is located in a rearward region (with respect to the direction of forward travel) around the rear axle of the electric vehicle. In addition, a driving dynamics behavior of the electric vehicle can be influenced by the different axle load distribution. If the electric vehicle has only one driven or drivable axle, for example, the arrangement of the traction battery on the electric vehicle can load exactly this axle or can additionally load it, as a result of which spinning of the vehicle wheels arranged on the drive axle, which can also be referred to as wheels, can be delayed or shifted toward a greater torque. The additional loading here means that, by positioning the center of gravity of the traction battery in the installed position on the electric vehicle, this one drivable axle is loaded more by the mass or by the weight force resulting therefrom than another axle of the electric vehicle.For the traction battery according to the invention, it is provided that the traction battery can be fastened to the superstructure selectively in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position in a non-destructively releasable manner by means of the fastening device. In the second rotational position, the traction battery is arranged offset by 180 degrees relative to the first rotational position about an axis of rotation extending in the vehicle vertical direction (degree here means arc degree about the vehicle vertical direction). In the respective rotational position, the longitudinal direction of the traction battery runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction. This results in the advantage that, depending on the rotational position in which the traction battery is located on the electric vehicle in the installed position, it is possible to displace it along the vehicle longitudinal direction toward a first axle, for example a front axle, or toward a further axle, for example the rear axle. The vehicle-side structure is preferably arranged on an underside of the electric vehicle, that is to say on a side of the electric vehicle facing the roadway, and can have a shape corresponding to the traction battery-side fastening device, as a result of which the traction battery can be fastened and held fastened to the structure. The structure is arranged between the at least two axles with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in order to be able to selectively load one of these axles more depending on the rotational position. For example, the fastening device can comprise first perforated plates and the structure can comprise perforated plates corresponding to the first perforated plates, wherein the first perforated plates and the second perforated plates can each be connected to one another, for example, by screws.A development provides that the traction battery has at least two electrical interfaces via which the traction battery can be electrically connected to a further component of the electric vehicle, wherein in the respective rotational position the electrical interfaces are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another with respect to a plane of symmetry running perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction, in which plane the axis of rotation runs.In other words, each of the at least two electrical interfaces is intended to be configured, in an installation position of the traction battery of a traction machine, comprised by the electric vehicle, for example an electric motor, to provide the electrical energy stored in the traction battery for driving the electric motor or the traction machine via the further component arranged on the vehicle side. The further component can be comprised by the structure and, together with each of the electrical interfaces, can be embodied according to a plug-socket principle and can be connected in an electrically conductive or current-carrying manner. The further component and / or a body-side fastening interface may have one or more first coolant connections in order, for example, to connect a traction battery-side cooling system to a vehicle-side cooling system. The attachment device on the traction battery side and / or the electrical interfaces can have second coolant connections, which have, for example, a shape corresponding in each case to respective first coolant connections and can be fluidically connected to the first coolant connections. The coolant connections can be surrounded by a cooling system of the electric vehicle for controlling the temperature of the traction battery and can be fluidically flown through by refrigerant, for example. The vehicle longitudinal direction is a surface normal of the plane of symmetry, wherein the plane of symmetry preferably runs through a center of a longitudinal dimension of the traction battery. The at least two electrical interfaces result in the advantage that the electrical energy stored in the traction battery can be provided to the electric vehicle preferably for driving by means of an electric motor, i.e. a traction machine, in each of the two rotational positions of the traction battery. The two electrical interfaces can both be arranged on one side of the storage housing, which faces the body in the vehicle vertical direction in the installed position. Alternatively, the two electrical interfaces can be arranged on a side of the storage housing in each case, which side each run perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, that is to say for example on an end side and a rear side of the traction battery, wherein rear side and end side can be arranged opposite one another in the longitudinal direction.A development of the traction battery provides that the fastening device has at least two fastening interfaces, by means of which the traction battery can be fastened to the structure in a non-destructively releasable manner in the two rotational positions, wherein in the respective rotational position the fastening interfaces are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another with respect to a mirror symmetry plane running perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction, in which plane the rotational axis runs. In other words, the traction battery can be arranged such that it can be fastened to the electric vehicle in the two arc degrees rotated relative to one another about the pivot point.The fastening interfaces can be connected in a form-fitting, force-fitting and / or materially integral manner to the storage housing of the traction battery. The fastening interfaces can be designed, for example, as the perforated plates already described. In other words, the fastening interfaces can each be arranged on one of two opposite ends of the traction battery, viewed in the longitudinal direction, on the storage housing, that is to say on the traction battery, analogously to an embodiment of the electrical interfaces. The fastening interfaces can be configured to connect, when connected to the superstructure, traction battery-side transverse structures for side crash support and / or seat connection to one or more load paths of vehicle-side transverse structures, in particular transverse structures installed in the superstructure, for side crash support and / or seat connection in a load-transmitting and / or load-guiding manner.A further development of the invention provides that the mirror plane of symmetry is the plane of symmetry already described.The fact that the mirror symmetry plane is the symmetry plane results in the advantage that the traction battery can be fastened to the electric vehicle in each of the two rotational positions and / or can be connected to the electric vehicle in an electrically conductive or current-carrying manner.A second aspect of the invention relates to an electric vehicle having a traction battery according to one of the embodiments or developments described above.In other words, the electric vehicle has, as a further component, in particular arranged on a superstructure of the electric vehicle, for example at least one vehicle-side electrical connection interface corresponding to the electrical interfaces of the traction battery. The structure may have at least one structure-side fastening device corresponding to the traction battery-side fastening interfaces, which may have two structural connection interfaces, that is to say in each case one connection interface for or corresponding to a structural fastening interface.Advantages and advantageous refinements of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous refinements of the second aspect and vice versa.A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing an electric vehicle, in which a structure of the electric vehicle is provided, which structure has a structure-side fastening device and a traction battery is provided, which has: a traction battery-side fastening device, by means of which the traction battery can be fastened in a non-destructively detachable manner to the structure-side fastening device and thereby to the structure of the electric vehicle. The traction battery has a storage housing which delimits a receiving space, and storage cells arranged in the receiving space for storing electrical energy, wherein the storage cells are arranged in the receiving space in an unevenly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction of the traction battery, the longitudinal direction of which, in the state of the traction battery in which the traction battery is fastened to the structure by means of the fastening device on the traction battery side, runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction, as a result of which the traction battery has an inhomogeneous mass distribution along its longitudinal direction. In the method, the traction battery is fastened to the superstructure by means of the fastening device on the traction battery side selectively in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position in a non-destructively releasable manner. In the second rotational position of the traction battery, the latter is arranged offset by 180 degrees about an axis of rotation extending in the vehicle vertical direction with respect to the first rotational position, wherein in the respective rotational position the longitudinal direction of the traction battery extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction.This results in the advantage that an electric vehicle can be provided in which, depending on the rotational position or installation position in the traction battery which is fastened to the superstructure and which can also be referred to as installation state, a first axle, for example a front axle or a second axle, for example a rear axle, is additionally loaded by the mass or the weight of the traction battery. Weight here means the weight force resulting from mass and locus vector.A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a modular system for producing a plurality of construction variants of the electric vehicle, having a construction-variant-overlapping structure of the electric vehicle, which has a structure-side fastening device, and having at least one construction-variant-specific first traction battery, which has a traction-battery-side fastening device, by means of which the first traction battery can be fastened in a non-destructive manner to the structure-side fastening device and thereby to the structure of the electric vehicle, and has a first storage housing, which delimits a first receiving space and has first storage cells, which are arranged in the first receiving space, for storing electrical energy, wherein the first storage cells are arranged in the first receiving space in a non-uniformly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction of the first traction battery, the longitudinal direction of which is arranged in the state of the first traction battery, which is fastened to the structure-side fastening device by means of the traction-battery-side fastening device, in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, whereby the first traction battery has an inhomogeneous first mass distribution along its longitudinal direction, wherein the first traction battery can be fastened to the superstructure selectively in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position in which the first traction battery is arranged offset by 180 degrees relative to the first rotational position about an axis of rotation extending in the vehicle vertical direction by means of the traction battery-side fastening device and superstructure-side fastening device, and wherein the longitudinal direction of the first traction battery extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction in the respective rotational position. In addition, the modular system comprises at least one variant-specific second traction battery, which has a second traction battery-side fastening device, by means of which the second traction battery can be fastened in a non-destructive manner to the body-side fastening device and thereby to the body of the electric vehicle, and has a second storage housing, which delimits a second receiving space and second storage cells are arranged in the second receiving space for storing electrical energy, wherein the second traction battery has a second mass distribution that is different from the first mass distribution along its longitudinal direction, which runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction when the second traction battery is fastened to the body by means of the body-side fastening device and the second traction battery-side fastening device, wherein optionally, for producing a first of the construction variants, the first traction battery is attachable to the body-side attachment device and thereby to the body by means of the first traction battery-side attachment device in the first rotational position or, for producing a second of the construction variants, the first traction battery is attachable to the body-side attachment device and thereby to the body by means of the first traction battery-side attachment device in the second rotational position or, for producing a third of the construction variants, the second traction battery is attachable to the body-side attachment device and thereby to the body by means of the second traction battery-side attachment device.This results in the advantage that a modular system for producing an electric vehicle can be provided with axles with different loads depending on the design variant.Advantages and advantageous refinements of the first and second aspects of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous refinements of the third aspect and vice versa.Further features of the invention are evident from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description and the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or alone.The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawings. The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a section through a traction battery in a first rotational position, with modules having storage cells, with a fastening device on the traction battery side and with electrical interfaces; FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a section through the traction battery in a second rotational position, with modules having storage cells, with a fastening device on the traction battery side and with electrical interfaces; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a first or second traction battery for attachment to a bottom side of an electric vehicle; and FIG. 4 shows a second traction battery having second storage cells in a second second sub-region.FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an imaginary section through a traction battery 1 having modules with storage cells 5, having a fastening device 2 on the traction battery side and having electrical interfaces 7. The storage housing 3 can be manufactured from a metal, preferably sheet metal, plastic and / or a carbon fiber- and / or glass fiber-reinforced plastic. The storage cells 5 for storing electrical energy can be arranged in the receiving space 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the memory cells 5 can be arranged in modules formed separately from one another in a combined manner. As shown in FIG. 1, the memory cells 5, combined in modules, can be arranged in a first sub-region 11. This first sub-region 11 can be adjoined in the receiving space 4 by a second sub-region 12 in which no module or no memory cells 5 can be located, but in which memory cells 5 or a further module with memory cells 5 could be arranged. A traction battery-side fastening device 2 can be arranged in the storage housing 3 of the traction battery 1. By means of the traction battery-side fastening device 2, the traction battery 1 can be designed to be fastened to a body-side fastening device of an electric vehicle 20. The structure of the electric vehicle 20 can be arranged on an underside of the electric vehicle 20, that is to say on a side of the electric vehicle 20 facing a roadway. As shown in FIG. 1, the traction battery-side fastening device 2 can have at least two fastening interfaces, wherein the body-side fastening device can have two fastening interfaces corresponding to the traction battery-side fastening interfaces. The attachment interfaces on the traction battery side can be designed, for example, in each case as a perforated plate, that is to say, for example, a metal plate with bores, wherein the attachment interfaces on the assembly side can have bores corresponding to these bores, with the result that the traction battery 1 can be attached, for example, to the assembly, that is to say to the electric vehicle 20, by means of screws. The structure may have a further component 8, which may be designed as an electrical connection interface, by means of which at least one of the two electrical interfaces 7 may be electrically conductively connected in an installation position of the traction battery 1, that is to say to which at least one of the electrical interfaces 7 is electrically connectable. Via the electrical connection between at least one of the two electrical interfaces 7 and the further component 8, the electrical energy stored in the storage cells 5 can be provided to the electric vehicle 20 or to a traction machine such as an electric motor of the electric vehicle 20 for driving the electric vehicle 20. The traction battery 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be in a first rotational position, wherein a rotational position may be determined by a position relative to a rotational axis 10. The axis of rotation 10 can be located in a plane of symmetry 9, wherein the plane of symmetry 9 can be an imaginary plane. The plane of symmetry 9 and the axis of rotation 10 may be located in a center of the traction battery 1, wherein the center may refer to a length or dimension of the traction battery 1 with respect to a longitudinal direction 6.As shown in FIG. 1, the arrangement of the storage cells 5 in the modules, arranged only in the first sub-region 11, can result in a center of gravity position (relative to the longitudinal direction 6) of the traction battery 1 that is different from the center with respect to the longitudinal direction 6. In the arrangement of the storage cells 5 illustrated in FIG. 1 or in the rotational position of the traction battery 1, the center of gravity with respect to the longitudinal direction 6, which may point in the forward travel direction in the installed state, may be located in a front region, that is to say a region in front of the plane of symmetry 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction 6. In an installed state, i.e. when the traction battery 1, illustrated in FIG. 1, is mounted on the superstructure or on the electric vehicle 20, a total center of gravity of the electric vehicle 20 can thus be displaced in a front region of the electric vehicle 20 with respect to a longitudinal direction 6 or a vehicle longitudinal direction or forward travel direction. As a result, for example, a first axle or a front axle of the electric vehicle 20 can be loaded more than a second axle or rear axle. By "more loaded" is meant here that a mass distribution of the electric vehicle 20 with the traction battery 1 arranged on it can be shifted towards the front axle, i.e. the centre of gravity of the electric vehicle 20 with the traction battery 1 is shifted towards the front axle. If, for example, the front axle is a drive axle or the single drive axle of the electric vehicle 20, it is thus possible to delay spinning of the front wheels arranged on the front axle to a greater drive torque (toward the front axle or the wheels of the front axle), compared with a position of the center of gravity of the electric vehicle 20 displaced toward the rear axle.FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a section through the traction battery 1 in a second rotational position with modules with storage cells 5, with a fastening device 2 on the traction battery side and with electrical interfaces 7. In this second rotational position, the second partial region, in which a further module with storage cells 5 could be arranged, but in which, as shown in FIG. 2, none can be arranged, can be located in a front part of the traction battery 1 with respect to the longitudinal direction 6. In the second rotational position, it can be provided that a second electrical interface different from a first electrical interface can be connected to the further component on the assembly side. In the first rotational position, shown in FIG. 1, it can be provided that the first of the electrical interfaces 7 can be connected to the further component. In an installation position of the traction battery 1 in the second rotational position, a center of gravity or total center of gravity of the electric vehicle 20 can be displaced toward the second axle or rear axle. This can be particularly advantageous if, for example, only the rear axle is a drive axle and thus a spin of the vehicle wheels arranged on the rear axle can be shifted toward a greater drive torque, compared, for example, with a traction battery 1 installed in the first rotational position.For manufacturing an electric vehicle 20 shown in FIG. 3, the traction battery 1 may be attached to a structure of the electric vehicle 20 in a first rotational position shown in FIG. 1 or in a second rotational position shown in FIG. 2. For this purpose, the electric vehicle 20 can have a structure which in turn has a further component 8 for contacting at least one of the two electrical interfaces 7 and a structure-side fastening device, to which the traction battery-side fastening device 2 can be connected. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the superstructure can be arranged on an underside, i.e. a lower side of the electric vehicle 20 facing the roadway, as illustrated in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the electric vehicle 20 can preferably have two axles 21, 22. The first axle 21 may be a front axle, the second axle 22 may be a rear axle. In the case of an arrangement of the traction battery 1 in the first rotational position as an installation position, the rear axle can be loaded more than when the traction battery 1 is installed in the second rotational position, illustrated in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows a layer structure of the traction battery 1. The traction battery 1 can be mountable in the longitudinal direction between the axles, for which purpose the structure can be arranged between the two axles in the longitudinal direction.The further component 8 and the attachment device on the superstructure side can be mounted in a floating manner. By "floating" is meant here that the further component 8 and / or the body-side fastening device is movably mounted in a body plane, i.e. a plane parallel to a roadway plane or roadway. For this purpose, the further component 8 and / or the mounting device on the superstructure side can be fastened to the superstructure such that it can be moved on rails. Additionally or alternatively, the electrical interfaces 7 can each have a cone shape, wherein a cone of the respective electrical interface 7 can taper towards the further component 8 in the installed state or the installed position. This results in the advantage that, in the case of an inaccurate position of the traction battery 1, the respective electrical interface 7 can be supplied to the further component 8 during installation, such that the respective electrical interface 7 can be electrically connected to the further component 8. In particular, for this purpose, the further component 8 has a cone shape corresponding to the cone shape of the respective electrical interface 7, which cone shape has a further cross section and a further cross-sectional opening on the side facing the traction battery 1, than on a further side which is arranged at a distance from the further cross-sectional side in the vehicle vertical direction on the corresponding cone shape.For producing a plurality of, in particular three, different construction variants with the aid of a modular system, it is possible to distinguish between the first traction battery 1, which has been referred to above as "traction battery 1" shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a second traction battery 13, shown in FIG. 4. In the second traction battery 13, illustrated in FIG. 4, the second subregion can be filled at least partially with storage cells 5, combined in a further module. Thus, three design variants may result. A first structural variant can have the first traction battery 1 in the first rotational position, illustrated in FIG. 1. A second structural variant can have the first traction battery 1 in a second rotational position, illustrated in FIG. 2. A third structural variant can have the second traction battery 13 in the installation position illustrated in FIG. 4. The second traction battery 13 can have a second storage housing 14 which is constructed identically to the storage housing 3 of the first traction battery 1. The second storage housing 14 can delimit a second receiving space 15. Second storage cells 16, combined in modules, can be arranged in the second receiving space 15. The second receiving space 15 can have a second first sub-region 18 and a second sub-region 19 adjoining it or adjoining it in the second receiving space 15. In the second traction battery 13, the second second sub-region can be arranged with a further module comprising second storage cells 16. The second traction battery 13 can have second electrical interfaces 17 and a second attachment device 23 on the traction battery side. In other words, the second traction battery 13 can be designed identically to the first traction battery 1, with the difference that second storage cells 16, for example combined in a module, can be arranged in the second second subregion 19. By arranging the second traction battery 13, the overall center of gravity position of the electric vehicle 20 can remain unchanged when the second traction battery 13 is arranged on the latter. In other words, the second traction battery 13 can have a mass distribution which is homogeneous with respect to a storage cell distribution in the second receiving space 15. The second traction battery 13 can have second electrical interfaces 17 of identical construction to the electrical interfaces 7 of the first traction battery 1, which can be electrically connected to the further component 8 on the body side. For changing the rotational position, in particular of the first traction battery 1 in the installed state, a service station stay may be necessary, for example, in which the first traction battery 1 can be removed, that is to say the attachment device 2 on the body side and the attachment device 2 on the traction battery side can be released from one another, the traction battery 1 can be rotated about its rotational axis 10 and can be attached again to the body on the vehicle side.A particularly preferred exemplary embodiment is described below.The idea has arisen against the background of transferring an emotional character of combustion vehicles to the electromobility. A replaceable battery system is already known, for example from NIO® with a uniform battery interface across all derivatives (inter-vehicle-class system). The following technical problem may occur: emotional differentiation to compete for driving experience and / or driving behavior has become much more difficult due to electromobility due to the significantly increased engine performance while at the same time providing very similar performance development in conjunction with the elimination of engine noise. This technical problem can be solved, for example, as follows:The HV accumulator (HV: high voltage), which can also be referred to as HVS (high voltage accumulator) or traction battery 1 or first traction battery 1 or second traction battery 13, can be changed. There is not necessarily the need for the change to take place in a few minutes, as for example in the case of NIO® company. A short workshop stay (of up to about 30 minutes, analogous to a change of wheels or a change of tires) is acceptable.An electrical and / or thermal contacting of the HVS with the vehicle, which can also be referred to as electric vehicle 20, has the following properties:On the vehicle side, there is an interface which can also be referred to as a further component 8 (used here as representative for the electrical plugs or the electrical interfaces and cooling connections), which can be arranged near the front end wall or near the rear heel plate.On the storage side there are two identical interfaces at the two storage ends, which interfaces are rotated by 180° with respect to one another.The interfaces do not have to be located in the z direction (vertical direction or vehicle vertical direction) on the battery housing, which can also be referred to as storage housing 3. They can also point in the longitudinal direction 6 or x direction. If they are arranged in the vertical direction, they must be designed to float on the vehicle side. The I / O components (I / O: electric / electronic system, i.e. an I / O component here a component or a unit responsible for the control, monitoring or operation of the traction battery 1) which are connected to the HV storage system, for example a DC / DC, i.e. a DC-to-DC converter (DC: direct current), are ideally (not necessarily) arranged on the vehicle side fixedly in front or behind (depending on the position of the vehicle-side contacting or the wide component 8). If this is not the case or is only partially the case, redundant lines must be drawn through the HV memory in order to enable the installation rotated 180°. several memory designs exist which differ in the features energy content and the mounting of cells on the housing, which can also be referred to as memory cells 5 (partial / full mounting):Partial component HVS with comparatively small energy content for common use, which is embossed by short and middle sections. Depending on the basic vehicle configuration, this "basic HVS" can be designed to be front axle-loaded or rear axle-loaded. That is, the internal population of cells starts front or back (see FIG. 1 or 2 ).This basic HVS can be installed rotated by 180° in order to achieve a changed driving behavior, which must of course have been taken into account beforehand in the basic vehicle configuration. An example of a use case is an adapted driving behavior on a track accessible to customers or during driving safety training.Full-equipped HVS, which can also be referred to as second traction battery 13, see FIG. 4, with maximum energy content for long-distance travel, such as for a longer travel in the vacation.It is not evident that the individual storage units can of course also be differentiated with regard to their cell chemistry, which possibly further enhances the axle load effect on account of the different gravimetric energy densities of different cell technologies (LFP: lithium iron phosphate battery, NMC: nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide battery, Na ion: sodium ion battery). The structural interface, which the traction battery-side fastening device 2 and / or a body-side fastening device can comprise, between the vehicle and the HVS must likewise be designed to be rotationally symmetrical. This also applies to transverse structures for lateral crash support and / or seat connection, which may be installed in the HVS.List of reference characters1 Traction battery 2 Traction battery-side fastening device 3 Storage housing 4 Receiving space 5 Storage cells 6 Longitudinal direction 7 Electrical interfaces 8 Further component 9 Plane of symmetry 10 Axis of rotation 11 First subregion 12 Second subregion 13 Second traction battery 14 Second storage housing 15 Second receiving space 16 Second storage cells 17 Second electrical interfaces 18 Second first subregion 19 Second second subregion 20 Electric vehicle 21 First axle 22 Second axle 23 Second traction battery-side fastening device

Claims

Traction battery (1) for an electric vehicle (20), having a fastening device (2) on the traction battery side, by means of which the traction battery (1) can be fastened to a structure of the electric vehicle (20) in a non-destructive manner, having a storage housing (3) which delimits a receiving space (4), and having storage cells (5) arranged in the receiving space (4) for storing electrical energy, characterized in that the storage cells (5) are arranged in the receiving space (4) in a non-uniformly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction (6) of the traction battery (1), as a result of which the traction battery (1) has an inhomogeneous mass distribution along its longitudinal direction (6) which runs in the longitudinal direction (6) of the vehicle in the installed position of the traction battery (1), wherein - the traction battery (1) can be fastened to the structure in a non-destructive manner selectively in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position by means of the fastening device (2), in which the traction battery (1) is arranged offset by 180 degrees relative to the first rotational position about an axis of rotation (10) extending in the vehicle vertical direction; and - in the respective rotational position, the longitudinal direction (6) of the traction battery (1) extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction (6).Traction battery (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the traction battery (1) has at least two electrical interfaces (7) via which the traction battery (1) can be electrically connected to a further component (8) of the electric vehicle (20), wherein, in the respective rotational position, the electrical interfaces (7) are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry (9) running perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction (6), in which plane of symmetry the axis of rotation (10) runs.Traction battery according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening device (2) has at least two fastening interfaces, by means of which the traction battery (1) can be fastened to the structure in a non-destructive, detachable manner in the rotational positions, wherein, in the respective rotational position, the fastening interfaces are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a mirror symmetry plane which runs perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal direction (6) and in which the rotational axis (10) runs.Traction battery according to Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the mirror plane of symmetry is the plane of symmetry (9).Electric vehicle (20) having a traction battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims.Method for producing an electric vehicle (20), in which: - a structure of the electric vehicle (20) is provided, which has a structure-side fastening device: - a traction battery (1) is provided, which has: ◯ a traction battery-side fastening device (2), by means of which the traction battery (1) can be fastened in a non-destructive, detachable manner to the structure-side fastening device and thereby to the structure of the electric vehicle (20); ◯ a storage housing (3) which delimits a receiving space (4); and ◯ storage cells (5) for storing electrical energy, which are arranged in the receiving space (4), wherein the storage cells (5) are arranged in the receiving space (4) in an unevenly distributed manner in the longitudinal direction (6) of the traction battery (1), the longitudinal direction (6) of which, in the state of the traction battery (1) being fastened to the structure by means of the traction battery-side fastening devices (2), runs in the longitudinal direction (6) of the vehicle, as a result of which the traction battery (1) has an inhomogeneous mass distribution along its longitudinal direction (6); and - the traction battery (1) is selectively fastened to the superstructure in a non-destructively releasable manner in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position by means of the traction battery-side fastening devices (2), in which the traction battery (1) is arranged offset by 180 degrees with respect to the first rotational position about an axis of rotation (10) running in the vehicle vertical direction, wherein in the respective rotational position the longitudinal direction (6) of the traction battery (1) runs in the vehicle longitudinal direction (6).Modular system for producing a plurality of constructional variants of an electric vehicle (20), having: - a construction of the electric vehicle which extends across structural variants and has a fastening device on the construction side; - at least one construction-variant-specific first traction battery (1) which has: ◯ a first fastening device (2) on the traction battery side, by means of which the first traction battery (1) can be fastened in a non-destructively detachable manner to the fastening device on the construction side and thereby to the construction of the electric vehicle (20); ◯ a first storage housing (3) which delimits a first receiving space (4); and ◯ first storage cells (5) arranged in the first receiving space (4) for storing electrical energy, wherein the first storage cells (5) are fastened in the longitudinal direction (6) of the first traction battery (1), their longitudinal direction (6) in the state of the first traction battery (1) being fastened to the body by means of the first traction battery-side fastening device (2) and the body-side fastening device extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction (6), are arranged in an unevenly distributed manner in the first receiving space (4), as a result of which the first traction battery (1) has an inhomogeneous first mass distribution along its longitudinal direction (6), wherein the first traction battery (1) can be fastened to the body selectively in a first rotational position or in a second rotational position in which the first traction battery (1) is arranged offset by 180 degrees from the first rotational position about an axis of rotation (10) extending in the vehicle vertical direction, by means of the first traction battery-side fastening device (2) and the body-side fastening device, and wherein the longitudinal direction (6) of the first traction battery (1) extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction (6) in the respective rotational position; and - at least one construction variant-specific second traction battery (13), which has: ◯ a second traction battery-side fastening device (23), by means of which the second traction battery (13) can be fastened in a non-destructive, detachable manner to the body-side fastening device and thereby to the body of the electric vehicle (20); ◯ a second storage housing (14) (3) which delimits a second receiving space (4); and ◯ second storage cells (16) for storing electrical energy are arranged in the second receiving space (15), wherein the second traction battery (13) has a second mass distribution different from the first mass distribution along its longitudinal direction (6) which, when the second traction battery (13) is fastened to the structure by means of the structure-side fastening device and the second traction battery-side fastening device (23), extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction (6) in the state in which the second traction battery (13) is fastened to the structure-side fastening device and thereby to the structure by means of the first traction battery-side fastening device (2) in the first rotational position in order to produce a first of the structural variants; and; or ▪ for producing a second of the construction variants the first traction battery (1) can be fastened by means of the first traction battery-side fastening device (2) in the second rotational position to the superstructure-side fastening device and thereby to the superstructure; or ▪ for producing a third of the construction variants the second traction battery (13) can be fastened by means of the second traction battery-side fastening device (23) to the superstructure-side fastening device and thereby to the superstructure.

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