Method as well as measuring device and rail vehicle for such a method

Abstract

The invention relates, among other things, to a method for measuring the condition of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of railway vehicles (200) by generating condition data (CDs). According to the invention, a measuring device (10) temporarily attached to a first mounting interface (211) of a first railway vehicle (200) during maintenance and / or inspection determines the condition by measuring, generating one or more first condition data (CDs).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for measuring the condition of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of rail vehicles, generating condition data.

[0002] Such procedures are commonly carried out during repair or maintenance. Maintenance personnel often use portable wheel profile measuring devices or brake disc measuring devices such as wear gauges or calipers, and the condition data manually recorded with these devices is manually entered into dedicated computer systems for further processing.

[0003] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method for generating state information that can be carried out with the least possible personnel effort and in a time-saving manner.

[0004] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method with the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0005] According to the invention, a measuring device temporarily attached to a first fastening interface of a first rail vehicle during maintenance and / or inspection determines the condition metrologically by generating one or more first condition data.

[0006] A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the metrological determination of the condition of the wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems is carried out by the measuring device itself after its temporary attachment to the rail vehicle, eliminating the need for maintenance personnel. It can also be carried out in a time-saving manner if the measuring phases are integrated into the operational phases of the rail vehicle, i.e., measurements that would otherwise be performed during maintenance or repair are carried out during normal vehicle operation.

[0007] It is advantageous if the metrological determination of the first condition data in the maintenance interval takes place after completion of the maintenance and / or inspection and before the next maintenance and / or inspection, i.e. during the normal operation of the first rail vehicle and away from the maintenance and / or inspection location.

[0008] The metrological determination of the initial condition data can advantageously be carried out during the journey or at least also during the journey of the first rail vehicle.

[0009] Alternatively or additionally, and equally advantageously, the recording of the initial condition data can be carried out at a variety of different locations, each time when the vehicle is stationary and away from the maintenance and / or inspection site.

[0010] During the next or subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle, the measuring device is preferably removed and temporarily attached to another second mounting interface belonging to the first rail vehicle or another second rail vehicle, and the condition of a second wheel and / or second wheelset and / or second brake system is preferably determined using the measuring device temporarily attached to the second mounting interface, generating one or more second condition readings.

[0011] The measuring device is preferably a laser-based measuring device with an optical interface for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation.

[0012] Before the start of each metrological condition assessment, a protective element protecting the optical interface from contamination is preferably removed from the optical interface, and after the end of each metrological condition assessment, the optical interface is preferably covered with the protective element.

[0013] The measuring device is preferably data-technically self-contained and data-technically separated from a vehicle control system, or in the case of multiple vehicle control systems, from all vehicle control systems of the rail vehicle.

[0014] The measuring device can preferably receive and process data available from the rail vehicle, in particular storing it together with the determined status information.

[0015] It is also advantageous if the measuring device is connected to a data storage device installed on the chassis, in particular on the bogie side, during maintenance and / or inspection, and the measuring device stores the determined status information in this data storage device, and the stored status data is read out from the data storage device during the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle before, after or during the dismantling of the measuring device.

[0016] The procedure for determining the condition of the wheelsets using metrological methods can include determining the distance between the wheels.

[0017] The method for measuring the condition of the wheels can include determining the wheel width, the geometric wheel profile (for example, with regard to the clearance dimension, the flange height, the flange thickness, the flange flank dimension) and the surface condition of the wheels.

[0018] The method for measuring the condition of brake systems can include determining the brake disc thickness, the surface condition of the brake disc and / or disc profile.

[0019] The invention also relates to a measuring device for metrologically determining the condition of wheels and / or brake systems of rail vehicles, generating condition data. According to the invention, the measuring device is designed to carry out a method as described above and has a device-side mounting interface that allows the measuring device to be temporarily attached to mounting interfaces of the rail vehicles. Regarding the advantages of the measuring device according to the invention and advantageous embodiments thereof, reference is made to the above explanations in connection with the method according to the invention and its advantageous embodiments.

[0020] The measuring device is preferably a laser-based device and preferably comprises a laser scanner, in particular a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner. The laser scanner is preferably held within an outer housing of the measuring device by means of elastic, vibration-damping elements. The measuring device is preferably equipped with a heating element.

[0021] It is particularly advantageous if the measuring device includes an optical interface for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation.

[0022] A protective element is preferably associated with the optical interface, which covers the optical interface in the closed position and exposes the optical interface in the open position, enabling the emission and reception of laser radiation.

[0023] The protective element is preferably connected to an adjustment device that can selectively place the protective element in the open or closed position.

[0024] The measuring device is preferably equipped with a control unit which activates the adjusting device before each status determination and uses it to place the locking element in the open position and after completion of each status determination places the locking element in the closed position.

[0025] The control unit is preferably equipped with a programmed computing unit that is programmed in such a way that the measuring device can autonomously perform measurement steps to determine status information, either according to a schedule stored in the measuring device or in response to trigger signals received from outside.

[0026] The invention also relates to a rail vehicle. With regard to the rail vehicle, it is provided that it is equipped with at least one mounting interface that allows for the temporary attachment of a measuring device as described above and / or the execution of a method as described above. The rail vehicle is preferably temporarily equipped with a measuring device as described above.

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments; the following are shown as examples: Fig. 1-2 an embodiment of a measuring instrument according to the invention, with reference to which embodiments of methods according to the invention are explained, Fig. 3 An embodiment of a chassis according to the invention, equipped with four measuring devices, for example the measuring devices according to the Fig. equipped with 1 to 2 Fig. 4 the chassis according to Fig. 3, however equipped with eight measuring devices instead of four, Fig. 5 An embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring instruments, for example the measuring instruments according to the Fig. 1 to 2 equipped, and Fig. 6 Another embodiment of a rail vehicle according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring instruments, for example the measuring instruments according to the Fig. It is equipped with 1 to 2.

[0028] For the sake of clarity, the same reference symbols are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

[0029] The Fig. Figure 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of a measuring device 10, which is suitable for metrologically determining the condition of wheels and / or brake systems of rail vehicles by generating condition data ZA. Fig. 2 shows the measuring device 10 according to Fig. 1 on average along the in the Fig. 1 marked section line II-II. The following explanations refer to both. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

[0030] The measuring device 10 is a laser-based measuring device 10 that includes a laser scanner 11. The laser scanner 11 can be, for example, a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner.

[0031] The laser scanner 11, together with a control unit 12 integrated into the measuring instrument that controls the laser scanner 11, is housed in a casing 13 of the measuring instrument 10. An optical interface 14 of the measuring instrument 10, and thus of the laser scanner 11, serves to emit the laser radiation L emitted by the laser scanner 11 and to receive reflected or backscattered components of the emitted laser radiation L.

[0032] The control unit 12 is preferably equipped with a programmed computing unit which is programmed in such a way that the measuring device 10 can autonomously perform measurement steps to determine status information ZA, either according to a schedule stored in the measuring device or in response to trigger signals received from outside.

[0033] An adjustable protective element 15 is associated with a housing opening 13a of the housing 13, through which the laser radiation L can leave the housing 13 or the reflected or backscattered laser radiation L can re-enter the housing 13. In a closed position, as described by the Fig. Figure 1 shows the housing 13 closing and preferably hermetically sealing it by means of a gasket, and in an open position releasing the housing opening 13a. An adjusting device 16 serves to adjust the protective element 15, which in the embodiment shown in Figure 16 is located on the housing 13. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 comprises a drive 16a located outside the housing 13 and a locking mechanism 16b also located outside the housing 13.

[0034] The adjustment device 16 is controlled by the control device 12, preferably in such a way that the control device 12 uses the adjustment device 16 to move the protective element 15 into the open position when a measurement is to be carried out with the laser scanner 11, and otherwise, i.e. in phases without measurement activity, leaves the protective element 15 in the closed position and protects the interior of the housing and thus in particular the optical interface 14 and the laser scanner 11 from dirt and moisture.

[0035] Particularly accurate measurement results can be achieved if the measurements of the laser scanner 11 are always carried out in the same temperature range; therefore, in the embodiment according to Fig. In the housing 13, a heating device 17 is also provided, which ensures a measurement temperature that is at least approximately within the specified temperature range, at least during the measurement phases of the laser scanner 11. The heating device 17 can operate independently or be controlled by the control unit 12.

[0036] The measuring device 10 is also equipped with a device-side mounting interface 18 (see Fig. 2) equipped to allow temporary attachment of the measuring device 10 to a vehicle-side mechanical mounting interface 211 (see Fig. 3) one in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 not shown rail vehicle 200 and allows for easy subsequent disassembly.

[0037] The measuring device 10, or its laser scanner 11, together with the control unit 12, is designed to perform a method for metrologically determining the condition of wheelsets, wheels, and / or brake systems of rail vehicles after mounting them on the vehicle-side mounting interface 211, thereby generating condition data ZA. Methods for determining such condition data ZA using laser measuring devices are generally known, so reference is made to the prior art in this regard. Such condition data ZA can contain the recorded measured values ​​as raw data, the raw data in processed form, and / or information extracted from the raw data.

[0038] In one embodiment considered advantageous, the measuring device 10 is designed to be data-independent and includes its own memory, integrated, for example, in the control unit 12, in which the status data ZA can be stored and from which the stored status data ZA can later be read out by maintenance personnel, for example, during maintenance of the rail vehicle 200. In such a configuration, the measuring device 10 can be operated completely independently of all vehicle systems, so that no changes or adjustments to the vehicle systems are necessary, particularly with regard to tamper resistance. In this latter embodiment, the measuring device can include its own independent power supply.

[0039] In another embodiment considered advantageous, the measuring device 10 is equipped with a data interface on the measuring device side, which enables a data connection to vehicle components, either for storing the status information ZA in the rail vehicle 200 and / or for transmitting other data, such as the vehicle speed during the measurement, from the rail vehicle 200 to the measuring device 10. In such an embodiment, the measuring device 10 can, for example, receive and process data available on the rail vehicle side, in particular store it together with the self-determined status information ZA in a memory integrated in the measuring device 10 and / or in a vehicle-side data storage device 216.

[0040] The other data transmitted from the rail vehicle to the measuring device 10 are preferably data originating from the chassis, in particular chassis 210, on which the measuring device 10 is mounted and to whose condition the condition data ZA generated by the measuring device 10 refer.

[0041] Regarding the measuring device 10 according to Fig. 1 The protective element 15 is pivotable about a pivot axis 16c arranged inside the housing 13, so that the protective element 15 can be adjusted by pivoting; alternatively, the protective element 15 could be displaceable in the plane of the housing opening 13a, so that the protective element 15 could be adjusted by sliding.

[0042] The Fig. Figure 2 shows that vibration-damping elements 19 may be present inside the outer housing 13, which keep the laser scanner 11 inside the housing 13 protected from vibration and shock.

[0043] The Fig. Figure 3 shows a top view of a chassis 210 of a rail vehicle (not shown further), which is equipped with mechanical fastening interfaces 211, each of which allows for the temporary attachment of the component associated with the Fig. 1 and Fig. The measuring device 10 described in section 2 allows for this. For example, chassis 210 is a bogie.

[0044] In the representation according to Fig. Figure 3 shows four measuring devices 10, each mounted on axially external mechanical mounting interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, relative to the axles 212 of the chassis 210. It can be seen that the beam axes S of the scan areas SB of the laser scanners 11 are each oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the chassis, and that the scan areas SB are directed perpendicularly from the axial outside to the axial inside, so that the four measuring devices 10 each detect the axially outer side of the wheels 213 and thus generate condition data ZA related to the axially outer side.

[0045] The axially located, internal mechanical fastening interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, with respect to the axles 212 of the chassis 210, are not equipped with measuring devices 10.

[0046] The Fig. Figure 4 shows the chassis 210 according to Fig. 3 in the same top view. It can be seen that, alternatively or additionally, the axially located mechanical fastening interfaces 211 of the chassis 210, with respect to the axles 212 of the chassis 210, are each equipped with a measuring device 10, as exemplified in connection with the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 has been described, can be equipped.

[0047] The also shows Fig. 4, that the beam axis S of the scan area SB of the laser scanners 11 of the internally mounted measuring devices 10 are also oriented at an angle to the longitudinal axis X of the chassis, wherein the scan area SB is directed at an angle from axially inward to axially outward, so that the four internally mounted measuring devices 10 each detect the axially inward side of the wheels 213 and thus generate condition information ZA relating to the axially inward side.

[0048] If the brake systems 214 of the chassis 210 are to be measured, corresponding mechanical mounting interfaces 211 are to be provided near these brake systems 214 on the chassis 210 and these are to be equipped with corresponding measuring devices 10 at least temporarily.

[0049] The measuring devices 10, in particular their laser scanner 11 together with the control unit 12, are preferably each configured to perform, after mounting on the vehicle-side mounting interface 211, a method for metrologically determining the condition of wheelsets, e.g., in the form of the distance between the wheels 213, the wheels 213 as such, e.g., in the form of the wheel width, the geometric wheel profile (for example, with regard to the clearance dimension, the flange height, the flange thickness, the flange flank dimension, the wheel width, the surface condition) and / or the brake systems 214 (for example, with regard to brake disc thickness, surface condition of the brake disc, disc profile) by generating corresponding condition data ZA. Methods for determining such condition data ZA by means of laser measurements are generally known, so reference is made to the literature in this regard.

[0050] Furthermore, the above statements apply in connection with the Fig. 3 for the embodiment according to Fig. 4 accordingly.

[0051] The Fig. Figure 5 shows components of an embodiment for a rail vehicle 200 according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring devices 10, for example the measuring devices 10 according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is equipped, in a simplified side view. A chassis 210 of the rail vehicle 200 is shown in more detail, which is, for example, the one in the Fig. 3 and Fig. The 4 chassis shown can be used as 210.

[0052] The chassis 210 according to Fig. 5 is equipped with a data storage device 216 installed on or in it, to which the measuring devices 10 mounted on the chassis 210 are connected, for example via a data connection DV. The measuring devices 10 can thus store the status information ZA they have determined in the chassis-side data storage device 216, either as an alternative to storage in the respective measuring device 10 or in addition to data storage in the respective measuring device 10. The data storage device 216 is preferably equipped with its own power source or is connected to such a power source, preferably provided on the chassis side; for the sake of clarity, such a power source is shown in the Fig. 5 not shown further.

[0053] The measuring devices 10 can also exchange the status information ZA with each other due to the data connection DV and store it only in one of the measuring devices 10, so that during maintenance it is possible to read the status information ZA of all measuring devices 10 from one or each individual measuring device 10 and not have to read all measuring devices 10 individually; the latter aspect is particularly advantageous if the status information ZA is to be read from the measuring devices 10 and not from the chassis-side data storage 216.It is also advantageous to exchange measured values ​​between the measuring devices 10 if status information ZA is to be generated that is based on measured values ​​from two or more measuring devices 10; for example, the wheel spacing between the two wheels 213 of the same axle can be calculated on the basis of distance measurements that indicate the distance between each of the two wheels and the respective associated measuring device 10, taking into account the knowledge of the distance between the two measuring devices 10 or the distance between their mounting points 211.

[0054] The data storage device 216 installed in the chassis 210 according to Fig. 5 is equipped with its own computing unit, in particular in the form of a processor, so that it can also be described as an intelligent data storage device 216. The data storage device 216 is connected to chassis-mounted sensors 215, which record chassis-mounted measured values, such as the rotation of the wheels 213 or a derived speed or acceleration. The additional storage of such supplementary measured values ​​enables a more detailed evaluation of the condition data ZA determined by the measuring devices 10: For example, for measurements taken while driving at high speed, it can be taken into account that mechanical vibrations of the chassis 210 have influenced the condition data ZA, so that a larger tolerance value can be assigned to these than to condition data ZA determined when the vehicle was stationary or driving at low speed.

[0055] The Fig. Figure 6 shows components of a further embodiment of a rail vehicle 200 according to the invention, which is equipped with measuring devices 10, for example the measuring device 10 according to the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is equipped, in a simplified side view. A chassis 210 of the rail vehicle 200 is shown in more detail, which is, for example, the one in the Fig. 3 and Fig. The 4 chassis shown can be used as 210.

[0056] A data storage device 216 installed in the chassis 210 is equipped with a computing unit, in particular in the form of a processor, and is connected not only to chassis-integrated sensors 215, but also to a vehicle-integrated, external interface module 220. The chassis-integrated data storage device 216 can transmit to this interface module 220 the status information ZA received from the connected measuring devices 10, as well as the measured values ​​from the other chassis-integrated sensors 215, and can also receive other information relating, for example, to the current location of the rail vehicle 200, the direction of travel, the date, the time, or weather data; the data storage device 216 can store such received information as corresponding status information ZA from the measuring devices 10.

[0057] The data connections DV described above between the data storage device 216 and the measuring devices 10, the data connections DV between the data storage device 216 and the chassis-integrated sensors 215, and the data connection(s) DV between the data storage device 216 and the external interface module 220 are preferably data and power connections, i.e., connections capable of transmitting not only data but also power. For example, the sensors 215 can be powered by the data storage device 216, the measuring devices 10 by the data storage device 216, and / or the data storage device 216 by the interface module 220 via such data and power connections. The data connections and / or data and power connections are preferably Ethernet connections.

[0058] In the embodiment according to Fig.6 The interface module 220 is connected to a vehicle-side power source 230, a diagnostic server 240 and a vehicle-side data source 250, which can provide, for example, the aforementioned other information, which can specify, for example, the respective location of the rail vehicle 200, the direction of travel, the date, the time or weather data.

[0059] The measuring device 10 described above can only be temporarily mounted on the vehicle-side mechanical mounting interfaces 211 of a rail vehicle by means of its device-side mounting interface 18 in order to carry out measurements; if no further measurements are desired on the respective rail vehicle, it can be dismantled and subsequently mounted on another rail vehicle for measurements on that other rail vehicle.

[0060] The above-described embodiments of measuring instruments, methods for using such measuring instruments, chassis and rail vehicles with such measuring instruments may have one or more of the following properties or advantages listed in bullet points: - Vehicle onboard wheel profile measurement and optionally wheel brake disc wear monitoring per wheel are possible using a number of commercially available optical laser line scanners or movable point laser scanners with sufficient resolution, each suitable for the application. - The arrangement of the laser scanners is possible at an angle determined to the railway wheel and the wheel brake disc, so that the reference surface for wheel profile recognition and brake disc wear can be reliably determined. - It is possible to mount the scanners in an impact-resistant, dust- and splash-proof protective housing with standardized connection interfaces towards the chassis, which includes a locking mechanism for the respective laser exit opening. - The protective housing can be equipped with suitable damping elements to protect the laser scanner(s) against vibrations and oscillations. - An optional heating device may be provided in the respective housing or in the laser scanner itself, in order to be able to operate the measuring system even at low temperatures and in winter. - A preferably provided mechanical housing cover for the laser scanner can be opened and closed and is either electrically (or optionally pneumatically) controlled and protects the laser optics from contamination and damage outside of the measurement process. - Suitable adapter brackets can be provided for adapting the onboard laser scanner housing to the respective type of rail vehicle chassis, which use the same interfaces on the protective housing side and thus ensure broad applicability. - An independently operating data logger, control and evaluation computer unit with a hardware data interface, which is also housed in the chassis, may be provided. - A power supply via a suitable system battery on the measuring system itself, with correspondingly sufficient lifetime power, and / or via a wired solution from the vehicle's battery system, may be provided. - Cabling between the laser scanners and a data logger, control and evaluation computer unit may be provided. - Suitable sensors can be provided in the control unit to trigger the respective measurement process in a suitable manner. - An optional interface connection via Ethernet to the rail vehicle can be provided to read and evaluate important vehicle parameters that are important for assessing wheel wear, such as vehicle speed, mileage, date, time, tractive effort, etc. - An operating and data evaluation algorithm for the data logger, control and evaluation computer unit may be provided. - The system can be modularly designed, allowing for cost-effective individual adaptation to the vehicle. - Power can be supplied either via a self-contained battery or alternatively via supply from the vehicle's battery network. - A mobile onboard scanner system, which can be optionally equipped with wheel profile monitoring only, brake disc monitoring only, or both functional systems simultaneously, can be used in different vehicle fleets, only where there is a specific interest. - It is possible to use a measuring system that is only carried on the vehicle for a predetermined representative period; this saves on monitoring costs. - Due to its limited service life, the resulting measuring system does not need to be designed for the entire life cycle of the vehicle and can therefore be implemented more cost-effectively. - Software integration into the vehicle is unnecessary, as it is preferably designed as an autonomously operating system; this saves integration and approval costs and increases the vehicle's data security. - Access to the data logger can be achieved directly on the system via a separate interface. - The measuring system can be flexibly deployed wherever it is most economically advantageous. - The measuring system makes it possible to develop optimal reprofiling and brake disc maintenance strategies in the SMO vehicle fleets under the same operational conditions, while simultaneously reducing the number of vehicle feeds. - The measuring system makes it possible to demonstrate the effects on wheel wear in its various forms on routes with extremely poor track conditions. - Problematic GWL cases in the context of wheel and / or brake disc wear can be optimally analyzed and targeted solutions developed. - The measuring system is an ideal metrological support in answering questions about the development of the equivalent conicity in the wheel-rail contact of wheel profiles.

[0061] Finally, it should be mentioned that the features of all the embodiments described above can be combined with each other in any way to form further embodiments of the invention.

[0062] Furthermore, all features of dependent claims can be combined individually with each of the subordinate claims, either individually or in any combination with one or more other dependent claims, to obtain further embodiments.

[0063] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identities are included. Reference symbol list 10 measuring device 11 laser scanners 12 Control unit 13 cases 13a Housing opening 14 optical interface 15 protective elements 16 Adjustment device 16a drive 16b Locking mechanism 16c Swivel axis 17 Heating system 18 device-side mounting interface 19 vibration-damping elements 200 rail vehicles 210 chassis 211 Vehicle-side mechanical mounting interface 212 axles 213 wheels 214 braking systems 215 chassis-side sensors 216 vehicle-side data storage 220 Interface module 230 vehicle-side power source 240 diagnostic servers 250 vehicle-side data sources II-II section line DV data connection L Laser radiation S beam axes SB Scan area X chassis longitudinal axis ZA condition report

Claims

[1] Methods for measuring the condition of wheels, wheelsets and / or brake systems of railway vehicles (200) by forming condition data (CD), characterized by , that a measuring device (10) temporarily attached to a first fastening interface (211) of a first rail vehicle (200) as part of maintenance and / or inspection determines the condition metrologically by forming one or more first condition data (ZA). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that the metrological determination of the first condition data (ZA) in the maintenance interval takes place after completion of the maintenance and / or inspection and before the next maintenance and / or inspection, i.e. during the normal operation of the first rail vehicle (200) and away from the maintenance and / or inspection location. [3] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the metrological determination of the first condition data (ZA) takes place during the journey or at least also during the journey of the first rail vehicle (200). [4] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that the recording of the initial condition data (ZA) is carried out for a variety of different locations, preferably each time when the vehicle is stationary, and away from the maintenance and / or inspection location. [5] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that - as part of the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle (200), the measuring device (10) is removed and temporarily attached to another second mounting interface (211) belonging to the first rail vehicle (200) or another second rail vehicle and - the condition of a second wheel and / or second brake system is determined using the measuring device (10) temporarily attached to the second mounting interface (211), generating one or more second condition indicators (ZA). [6] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that - the measuring device (10) is a laser-based measuring device (10) with an optical interface (14) for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation (L), - before the start of each metrological condition assessment, a protective element (15) protecting the optical interface (14) from contamination is removed from the optical interface (14) and - after the end of each metrological condition assessment, the optical interface (14) is covered with the protective element (15). [7] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the measuring device (10) is data-technically autonomous and is data-technically separate from a vehicle control system, or in the case of several vehicle control systems, from all vehicle control systems, of the rail vehicle (200). [8] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the measuring device (10) receives and processes data available from the rail vehicle, in particular storing it together with the determined status information (ZA). [9] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that - the measuring device (10) is connected to a data storage device (216) installed on the chassis, in particular on the bogie side, as part of maintenance and / or inspection, and the measuring device (10) stores the determined status information (ZA) in this data storage device (216), and - as part of the next or any subsequent maintenance and / or inspection of the rail vehicle (200), before, after or during the dismantling of the measuring device (10), the stored status data are read from the data storage device (216). [10] Measuring device (10) for measuring the condition of wheels and / or brake systems of railway vehicles (200) by generating condition data (ZA), characterized by , that the measuring device (10) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims and has a device-side mounting interface (18) which enables the measuring device (10) to be temporarily attached to mounting interfaces (211) of the rail vehicles. [11] Measuring device (10) according to claim 10, characterized by , that the measuring instrument (10) is a laser-based measuring instrument (10) and comprises a laser scanner, in particular a laser line scanner and / or a movable point laser scanner. [12] Measuring device (10) according to claim 11, characterized by , that - the laser scanner is held inside an outer housing (13) of the measuring device (10) by means of elastic, vibration-damping elements (19) and / or - the measuring device (10) is equipped with a heating device (17). [13] Measuring device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims 10 to 12, characterized by , that - the measuring device (10) includes an optical interface (14) for emitting and / or receiving laser radiation (L), - a protective element (15) is assigned to the optical interface (14), which covers the optical interface (14) in the closed position and exposes the optical interface (14) in the open position and enables the emission and reception of laser radiation (L), - the protective element (15) is connected to an adjusting device (16) which can selectively position the protective element (15) in the open or closed position, and - the measuring device (10) is equipped with a control device (12) which activates the adjusting device (16) before each status determination and uses it to place the locking element (15) in the open position and after completion of each status determination places the locking element (15) in the closed position. [14] Rail vehicle (200), characterized by , that the rail vehicle (200) is equipped with at least one fastening interface (211) which enables the temporary attachment of a measuring device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 10-13 and / or the performance of a method according to one of the preceding claims 1-9. [15] Arrangement with a rail vehicle (200), characterized by, that the rail vehicle (200) is equipped with a measuring device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 13.

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