PREMIUM HYGIENE FABRIC PRODUCTS, COMPLETING NON-WOOD FIBERS

Abstract

Hygiene fabric products of the present disclosure may comprise a layer comprising a first layer and / or a second layer. At least one of the first and second layers may comprise approximately 55% to approximately 95% non-wood fibers. Hygiene fabric products of the present disclosure may comprise non-wood fibers and a layer comprising a first layer and a second layer. The first layer may be a consumer-facing layer, wherein the consumer-facing layer may have a consumer-facing side, and the consumer-facing side may comprise a plurality of cushions. Hygiene fabric products of the present disclosure may comprise non-wood fibers and have a lint value of more than approximately 6.

Description

AREA

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to fibrous structures and more particularly to fibrous structures comprising non-wood fibers, including sanitary tissue products incorporating non-wood fibers. BACKGROUND

[0002] While the papermaking industry knows a lot about delivering the desired properties of sanitary tissue products using wood fibers, less is known about how these properties can be achieved with non-wood fibers, particularly when the fiber structures have a higher inclusion of non-wood fibers or consist exclusively of non-wood fibers. Accordingly, there is a need for manufacturers to produce premium sanitary tissue products that incorporate non-wood fibers.

[0003] Incorporating non-wood fibers into sanitary tissue products is challenging – currently and previously marketed products containing non-wood fibers demonstrate this, as they generally do not perform well and do not exhibit many of the high-quality properties desired by consumers. Several references have revealed (e.g., via patents) that bamboo, for example, can be incorporated into fiber structures, but they do not provide any information on how good performance can be achieved. As, for example, in Fig. 1A through 2JJ, as well as the tables hereinbelow, toilet paper and paper towels that are or have been marketed do not exhibit the performance desired by many users. All of this demonstrates that simply adding X% non-wood fibers to a fiber structure, even using a through-air drying (TAD) process, does not result in the desired performance—especially at a higher inclusion of non-wood fibers. Part of the explanation for this is that replacing wood fibers with bamboo, abaca, and other non-wood fibers in their fiber structures is not expected to result in fiber structures that exhibit the desired premium properties and / or performance, because non-wood fibers are not wood fibers. In fact, examination of the tables below demonstrates that simply replacing wood fibers with non-wood fibers should not be expected to achieve the desired properties and performance.This is true even though many of the comparative fiber structures in the tables below are produced and marketed by experienced manufacturers. The failure of these experienced paper manufacturers also provides compelling evidence that non-wood fibers cannot be taken for granted for their ability to perform in a premium manner in hygiene tissue products. For these reasons, the use of non-wood fibers (especially at higher inclusion levels) is not preferred by consumers, as this can lead to a low-quality, inferior, or non-premium experience and perception of the resulting fiber structure(s) (e.g., hygiene tissue products such as toilet tissues and paper towels).

[0004] In contrast, the inventors of the present disclosure demonstrate surprisingly good results in key areas with hygiene tissue products comprising non-wood fibers, including, but not limited to, softness, strength, durability, opacity, formation, absorption, desorption, friction, bulk, and roll properties for fiber structures comprising non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo, abaca, etc.) and even for fiber structures comprising high inclusion levels of non-wood fibers. Particularly impressive and difficult to achieve is the simultaneous combination of many of these parameters in sustainable hygiene tissue products—but the inventors herein have achieved this.

[0005] As set forth in more detail below, the inventors of the present disclosure have discovered new ways to construct, including designing and manufacturing, sanitary tissue structures and products that exceed all known existing offerings incorporating relevant amounts of non-wood fibers (including improved layers, lint levels, etc.). For these reasons, even sustainable offerings such as those disclosed herein can be used to provide the premium properties the public desires from their fibrous structures. Furthermore, sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may, in many cases, be considered high-quality due to the desirable properties and / or performance achieved by the inventors of the present disclosure. SUMMARY

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a sanitary tissue product may comprise a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer. At least one of the first and second layers may comprise from about 55% to about 95% non-wood fibers.

[0007] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a sanitary tissue product may comprise non-wood fibers and a sheet comprising a first layer and a second layer. The first layer may be a consumer-facing layer, wherein the consumer-facing layer may have a consumer-facing side, wherein the consumer-facing side may comprise a plurality of pads.

[0008] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a sanitary tissue product may comprise non-wood fibers and have a fluff value of greater than about 6. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this disclosure, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become more apparent and the disclosure itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of non-limiting examples of the disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. Figure 1A is a TS7 plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1B is a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD absorption plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1C is a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1D is a graph illustrating the VFS g / g values ​​(y-axis) and dry strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1E is a graph illustrating the slip-stick (y-axis) and dry strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1F is a graph illustrating TS7 (y-axis) and fuzz values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1G is a graph illustrating the roll strength (y-axis) and roll volume (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1H is a graph illustrating the roll compressibility (“percent roll compressibility” (y-axis)) and roll volume (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1I is a graph illustrating the values ​​of the average formation index (y-axis) and the (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood-containing fabric (bath) and towel samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1J is a graph illustrating the opacity of fibers (layers of fibers (y-axis)) for inventive and comparative non-wood-containing fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1K is a graph illustrating fiber coverage (layers of fibers (y-axis)) and fiber count - area (C(1)) values ​​(x-axis) for inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. Figure 1L is a graph illustrating the fiber coverage (layers of fibers (y-axis)) and fiber number - area (C(n)) values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples from Table 2. Fig. 1M is a 2.5 to 100 micron PVD hysteresis curve (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-woody fabric (bath) samples of Table 2. Fig. 1N is a graph illustrating TS7 (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1O is a graph illustrating the HFS (y-axis) and wet burst strength (x-axis) values ​​of the inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 1P is a graph illustrating the TS7 (y-axis) and TS750 (x-axis) values ​​of the inventive and comparative non-wood fabric (bath) samples of Table 3. Fig. Figure 2A is a TS7 plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2B is a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD absorption plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 2. Fig. Figure 2C is a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 2. Fig. Figure 2D is a 2.5 to 100 micron PVD hysteresis curve (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 2. Fig. Figure 2E is a graph illustrating the roll strength (y-axis) and roll volume (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 2. Fig. Figure 2F is a graph illustrating the percent roll compressibility (y-axis) and roll volume (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 2. Fig. Figure 2G is a graph illustrating the VFS (y-axis) and dry strength (x-axis) values ​​of the inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples of Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2H is an HFS plot (y-axis) illustrating inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2I is a graph illustrating TS7 (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2J is a graph illustrating the peak load CD tensile strength values ​​(y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2K is a graph illustrating the peak load MD tensile strength values ​​(y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2L is a graph illustrating the dry tensile ratio (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2M is a graph illustrating the CD elongation (dry) (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2N is a graph illustrating the CD-TEA (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2O is a graph illustrating the CD modulus (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2P is a graph illustrating the MD moduli (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2Q is a graph illustrating the geometric mean (GM) dry modulus (y-axis) and total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2R is a graph illustrating the VFS values ​​(y-axis) and wet burst strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2S is a graph illustrating the TS7 values ​​(y-axis) and wet burst strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples from Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2T is a graph illustrating the HFS values ​​(y-axis) and wet burst strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. Figure 2U is a graph illustrating the residual water values ​​(y-axis) and the wet burst strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2V is a graph illustrating TS7 (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. 2W is a graph illustrating the TS750 values ​​(y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. 2X is a graph illustrating the SST values ​​(y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. 2Y is a graph illustrating the stack compressibility (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2Z is ​​a graph illustrating the resilient volume (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2AA is a graph illustrating stack compressibility multiplied by resilient volume (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2BB is a graph illustrating the MD wet peak elongation (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2CC is a graph illustrating the MD wet peak TEA (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. 2DD is a graph illustrating the CD wet peak elongation (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2EE is a graph illustrating the CD wet peak TEA (y-axis) and total wet tensile strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2FF is a graph illustrating the TS7 (y-axis) and TS750 (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. 2GG is a graph illustrating the SST (y-axis) and TS7 values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples from Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2HH is a graph illustrating the VFS (y-axis) of the inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel samples of Table 3a. Fig. Figure 2II is a graph illustrating the TS7 values ​​(y-axis) and the wet breaking strength / total dry tensile strength values ​​(x-axis) of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 2JJ is a graph illustrating the dry strength (y-axis) and wet breaking / total dry tensile strength (x-axis) values ​​of inventive and comparative non-wood (paper) towel and fabric (bath) samples of Tables 3 and 3a. Fig. 3A is a photograph of a portion of a fibrous structure, particularly a paper towel, comprising non-wood fiber(s) and comprising knuckles and cushions. Fig. 3B is a photograph of a portion of a fibrous structure, particularly a WSO washcloth, comprising non-wood fiber(s) and comprising knuckles and cushions. Fig. 3C is a photograph of a portion of a fibrous structure, in particular an FSO washcloth, comprising non-wood fiber(s) and comprising knuckles and cushions. Fig. 4A is a representative cross-sectional view of a hygiene tissue product comprising knuckles and cushions and manufactured according to a typical TAD process such as that shown in Fig. 6A. In Fig. 4A is each layer 53 with the fabric side facing out (FSO). Fig. 4B is a representative cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product made according to a UCTAD process as described in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C illustrates - this hygiene tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. 4C is a representative cross-sectional view of a hygiene tissue product comprising knuckles and cushions and manufactured according to a typical TAD process as in Fig. 6A. In Fig. 4C is layer 53 with the screen side facing outwards (WSE) and layer 53' with the screen side facing inwards (FSE). Fig. 4D is a representative cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product manufactured according to a UCTAD process as described in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C illustrates - this hygiene tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. 4E is a representative cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product manufactured according to a UCTAD process as in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C illustrates - this hygiene tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. 4F is a representative cross-sectional view of a hygiene tissue product comprising knuckles and cushions and manufactured according to a typical TAD process as in Fig. 6A illustrates. Fig. 4G is a cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product manufactured according to a UCTAD process as in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C illustrates - this hygiene tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. Figure 4H is a representative cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product manufactured according to a conventional wet pressing process - this sanitary tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. Figure 4I is a representative cross-sectional view of a sanitary tissue product made according to a conventional wet pressing process - this sanitary tissue product does not have distinct ankle and cushion areas or zones. Fig. Figure 5 is a plan view of a portion of a mask pattern used to produce the papermaking belt having the fiber structure of Fig. 3A generated. Fig. 6A is a schematic representation of a process for producing the novel fiber structures described in detail herein. Specific details of the Fig. 6A can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,714,041; 9,217,226; 9,435,081; 9,631,323; 9,752,281; 10,240,296; and U.S. Publication Nos. 2013-0048239 and 2022-0010497. Fig. Figure 6B is a schematic representation of a process for producing the novel fiber structures described herein. Specific details of the process and equipment used in Fig. 6B can be found in U.S. Patent No. 7,972,474. Fig. 6C is a schematic representation of a process for making the novel fiber structures described herein. Fig. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a test rig for measuring roll compressibility properties as described herein. Fig. Figure 8 is a perspective view of the testing apparatus used in the roll strength measurement described herein. Fig. 9 is a diagram of an SST test procedure set up as described herein. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic illustrating the position of the Gocator camera relative to a test surface in relation to the wet towel surface texture method. Fig. Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a group of cells overlaid by a quadrilateral associated with the continuous measurement of the density difference in the area. Fig. 12 is a density image for use in the micro-CT intensive property measurement method. Fig. 13 is a binary image for use in the method for measuring intensive properties by micro-CT. Fig. Figure 14 is an example of a specimen support frame used in the HFS and VFS test procedures. Fig. 14A a cross section of the sample support frame from Fig. 14 is. Fig. 15 is an example of a specimen support rack cover used in the HFS and VFS test procedures Fig. 15A a cross-sectional view of the sample support rack cover of Fig. 15 is. Fig. 16A is a portion of a fiber structure of the present disclosure comprising an embossed pattern. Fig. 16B is a portion of a fiber structure of the present disclosure comprising an embossed pattern. Fig. 17 is a representative papermaking belt of the type useful for making fibrous structures comprising non-wood fibers of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Various non-limiting examples of the present disclosure will now be described in order to provide a general understanding of the principles of structure, function, manufacture, and use of the fibrous structures comprising the non-wood fibrous structures disclosed herein. One or more non-limiting examples are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the fibrous structures described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting examples. The features illustrated and / or described in connection with one non-limiting example may be combined with the features of other non-limiting examples. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Production of fiber structures of the present disclosure

[0011] "Machine direction" or "MD", as used herein, means the direction parallel to the flow of the fiber structure through the paper machine and / or the product manufacturing equipment.

[0012] 'Cross machine direction' or 'CD' as used herein means the direction perpendicular to the machine direction in the same plane of the fiber structure.

[0013] In general, fibrous structures of the present disclosure are typically produced in "wet-laid" papermaking processes. In such papermaking processes, a fiber slurry, typically fibers from wood pulp, is applied to a forming screen and / or one or more papermaking belts to form an embryonic fibrous structure. After drying and / or bonding the fibers of the embryonic fibrous structure, a fibrous structure is formed. The fibrous structure may be further processed after the papermaking process. For example, the fibrous structure may be wound onto a roll and / or bonded into layers and / or embossed. As further discussed herein, visually distinct features may be imparted to the fibrous structures in various ways. In a first method, visually distinct features may be added to the fibrous structures during the papermaking process.In a second method, visually distinguishable features may be added to the fiber structures during the conversion process (i.e., after the papermaking process). Some of the example fiber structures disclosed herein may have visually distinguishable features added only during the papermaking process, and some example fiber structures may have visually distinguishable features added during both the papermaking process and the conversion process.

[0014] Regarding the first method, a wet-laid papermaking process can be designed so that the fiber structure has visually distinguishable features that are "wet-formed" during the papermaking process. All forming wires and papermaking belts used can be designed to leave physical, three-dimensional features in the fiber structure. Such three-dimensional features are well known in the art, particularly in the art of "through-air drying" (TAD) in papermaking processes, with such features often being used in reference to "knuckles" and "cushions." "Knuckles" or "knuckle regions" or "knuckle zones" are typically areas of relatively high density that are wet-formed within the fiber structure (extending from a cushion surface of the fiber structure) and correspond to the knuckles of a papermaking belt, i.e.the filaments or resinous structures that are raised higher than other parts of the belt. "Relatively high density" means herein that a part of a fibrous structure has a density that is higher than that of a part of the fibrous structure with a relatively low density. Zones or regions of relatively high density may be about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60, or about 65% higher than regions or zones of relatively low density. For example, individual knuckles, measured according to the method for intensive measurement of properties by micro-CT, may have a density that is about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60, or about 65% higher than that of pads. Regardless of whether short or long wood fibers are replaced by non-wood fibers, there are no direct substitution options for non-wood fibers for various reasons, e.g.due to differences in morphology between wood and non-wood fibers. Even if the fiber length is compensated by the non-wood fiber replacing the wood fiber, the non-wood fiber is likely to have important differences, such as fiber width, stiffness, etc. For some of these reasons, ankles and cushions that include non-wood fibers are generally different (e.g., less dense) than ankles and cushions composed of non-wood fibers. These are some of the reasons why incorporating non-wood fibers into established hygiene fabrics is not easy and leads to unexpected results. This is especially true when attempting to achieve parity in several key parameters of hygiene fabrics (when using non-wood fibers).

[0015] Likewise, "cushions" or "cushion regions" or "cushion zones" are typically relatively low-density regions that are wet-formed within the fibrous structure and correspond to the relatively open regions between or around the knuckles of the papermaking belt. The cushion regions form a cushion surface of the fibrous structure from which the knuckle regions extend. "Relatively low density," as used herein, means that a portion of a fibrous structure has a density that is lower than a portion of the fibrous structure that has a relatively high density. Further, the knuckles and cushions that are wet-formed within a fibrous structure can have a range of basis weights and / or densities relative to one another, since varying the size of the knuckles or cushions on a papermaking belt can change such basis weights and / or densities. A fibrous structure (e.g.,Hygiene tissue products) produced by a TAD paper manufacturing process as described herein is known in the art as "TAD paper".

[0016] Therefore, in the description herein, the terms "ankle" or "ankle regions" or "ankle zones" or the like may be used to refer to either the raised portions of a papermaking belt or to the densified raised portions wet formed within the fibrous structure produced on the papermaking belt (i.e., the raised portions extending from a surface of the fibrous structure), and the meaning should be clear from the context of the description herein.Likewise, "cushions" or "cushion regions" or "cushion zones" or the like may be used to refer to the portion of the papermaking belt between or around the knuckles (also referred to in the art as "diversion channels" or "pockets"), or the relatively uncompressed regions that are wet formed between or around the knuckles within the fibrous structure produced on the papermaking belt, and the meaning should be clear from the context of the description herein. Knuckle or cushion pads may each be either continuous or discrete, as described herein. As in . Fig. 5, such illustrated masks can be used with papermaking lines that would produce fibrous structures with discrete knuckles and continuous / substantially continuous cushions. Like masks, they can be used with papermaking lines that would produce fibrous structures with discrete cushions and continuous / substantially continuous cushions. The term "discrete," as used herein with respect to knuckles and / or cushions, refers to a portion of a papermaking line or fibrous structure that is defined or surrounded by, or at least largely defined or surrounded by, a continuous / substantially continuous knuckle or cushion.The term "continuous / substantially continuous," as used herein with respect to knuckles and / or cushions, refers to a portion of a papermaking belt or network of fibrous structures that completely or at least largely defines or surrounds a single knuckle or cushion. Furthermore, the substantially continuous membership may be interrupted by macropatterns formed in the papermaking belt, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,730, issued October 13, 1998, to Phan et al.

[0017] Knuckles and cushions in paper towels (also called "towel") and washcloths (also called "toilet tissue," "bath tissue," or toilet paper) may be visible to the retail customer of such products. The knuckles and cushions may be imparted to a fiber structure by a papermaking line at various stages of the papermaking process (i.e., at different consistencies and at various operations during the drying process), and the visual pattern created by the pattern of the knuckles and cushions may be designed to enhance functional performance as well as for visual enhancement. Such knuckle and cushion patterns may be manufactured according to the methods and processes set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,173, issued to Lindsay et al. on August 26, 2003, or U.S. Pat. No. 4,514,345, issued to Trokhan on April 30, 1985, or U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,910, issued to Burazin et al., on 04.June 2002, or U.S. Pat. No. 2013 / 0199741; published in the name of Stage et al. on August 8, 2013. The disclosures of Lindsay, Trokhan, Burazin, and Stage describe belts representative of papermaking belts made with cured resin on a woven reinforcing member, an improvement of which the present disclosure is in certain respects. But in addition, the improvements described herein can be used as fabric crepe belts, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,494,563, issued February 24, 2009 to Edwards et al., or U.S. Pat. No. 8,152,958, issued April 10, 2012 to Super et al., as well as belt crepe tapes, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,293,072, issued October 23, 2012 to Super et al.When used as a fabric creping belt, a papermaking belt of the present disclosure can provide the relatively large, recessed pockets and sufficient joint dimensions to redistribute the fiber during high-impact creping in a creping nip between a support roll and the fabric to create additional bulk in conventional wet-laid press processes. Likewise, when used as a belt in a process for making creped paper, a papermaking belt of the present disclosure can provide the fiber-enriched dome regions arranged in a repeating pattern corresponding to the pattern of the papermaking belt, as well as the interconnected multiple surrounding regions, to form additional bulk and local basis weight distribution in a conventional wet-laid process.Furthermore, the improvements described herein can be utilized as an uncreped through air drying (UCTAD) belt. UCTAD (un-creped through air drying) is a variation of the TAD process in which the sheet is not creped but dried using thermal drying to 99% solids, removed from the structured stock, and then optionally calendered and rewound. U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,599 describes an uncreped through air drying process. U.S. Pat. No. 10,610,063 describes an uncreped through air drying product made with a belt. Furthermore, the improvements contained herein can be utilized as an ATMOS belt. The ATMOS process was developed by Voith and marketed under the name ATMOS. The process and paper machine system have several variations, but all involve the use of a structured stock in conjunction with a belt press.This process is described in numerous patent publications, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,510,631, 7,686,923, 7,931,781, 8,075,739, and 8,092,652. Furthermore, the improvements contained herein can be used as an NTT belt. The NTT process was developed by Metso and marketed under the name NTT. The NTT process includes an extended press nip in which the sheet is transferred from a press felt to a texturing belt. Examples of texturing belts used in the NTT process can be found in International Publication No. WO 2009 / 067079 A1 and U.S. Patent Application No. 2010 / 0065234 A1. An example of a papermaking belt structure of the general type useful in the present disclosure and made in accordance with the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 4,514,345 is shown in . Fig. 17. As shown, the papermaking belt 17 may include cured resin elements 4 forming the knuckles 20 on a woven reinforcing element 6. The reinforcing element 6 may be made of woven filaments 8 as is known in papermaking belts, for example, resin-coated papermaking belts. Fig. The papermaking belt structure illustrated in Figure 17 includes discrete knuckles 20 and a continuous diverter conduit or cushion zone. The individual knuckles 20 can wet form densified knuckles within the fibrous structure fabricated thereon; and likewise, the continuous diverter conduit, i.e., the cushion zone, can wet form a continuous cushion zone within the fibrous structure fabricated thereon. The knuckles can be arranged in a pattern described with reference to an XY plane, and the spacing between the knuckles 20 in at least one of the X or Y directions can vary according to the examples disclosed herein.For clarity, the visually distinguishable knuckles and cushions of a fibrous structure wet-formed in a wet-laid papermaking process are distinct from and independent of any further structures added to the fibrous structure during later, optional conversion processes (e.g., one or more embossing processes). For certain embodiments of the present disclosure, it may be desirable to use the bands disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 9,435,081; 9,631,323; 9,752,281; 10,240,296; and U.S. Publication Nos. 2022-0010497 and 2021-0140114, as some of these bands create sinusoidal and / or serpentine cushion and / or knuckle regions or zones; in some embodiments, these cushion and / or knuckle zones or regions may be continuous and / or semi-continuous.These patterns referred to in the patents and publications of the previous sentence may be particularly useful for achieving the most desirable properties of webs comprising non-wood materials, even including a high inclusion of non-wood materials (e.g., bamboo).

[0018] After the papermaking process is complete, a second way to provide visually distinct features to a fibrous structure is through embossing. Embossing is a well-known conversion process in which at least one embossing roll having a plurality of individual embossing elements extending radially outward from a surface thereof may be connected to a counter or anvil roll to form a gap through which the fibrous structure can pass, such that the individuals compress the fibrous structure to form relatively dense discrete elements ("embossed regions") in the fibrous structure, while leaving an uncompressed or substantially uncompressed, relatively thin, continuous or substantially continuous network ("non-embossed regions") at least partially defining or surrounding the relatively dense discrete elements.

[0019] As in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C illustrates, beyond the above-described production of knuckles and pads with resinous ribbons and the various types of creping, paper can be converted in other ways to produce advantageous properties, particularly when the speed of a belt or wire transfers the web to a belt or wire having a different speed, such as when the upstream belt or wire moves faster than the downstream belt or wire. It may be desirable to perform several such transfers in the same papermaking process. Furthermore, it may be desirable to have different speed differences at different transfers in such a process. A more concrete example, referring to Fig. 6B, in a first rapid transfer 175, the speed of the forming fabric 154 may be at a first rate while the transfer fabric 174 may be at a second rate (slower than the first rate but faster than 2,000 feet per minute (fpm), 2,050 fpm, 2,100 fpm, 2,150 fpm, 2,200 fpm, 2,250 fpm, 2,300 fpm, 2,350 fpm, 2,400 fpm, 2,450 fpm, 2,500 fpm, 2,600 fpm, 2,700 fpm, 2,800 fpm, 2,900 fpm, or greater than 3,000 fpm); Furthermore, a second rapid transfer 175' may occur, in which the transfer fabric is transported at the second speed while the TAD fabric 164 is transported at a third speed, which may be faster or slower (e.g., about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50% faster or slower) than the second speed. While the UCTAD process does not utilize traditional density differences (e.g.,ankle and cushion), the aforementioned rapid transfer can generate fiber orientations within the web depending on the speed differences of the transfers, thus improving the performance of the fiber structure, such as elongation, draw ratio, tensile strength, modulus, strength and bulk.

[0020] Embossed features on paper towels and washcloths may be visible to the end user of such products. Embossed designs as disclosed in U.S. Design Pat. Nos. 29 / 673,106; 29 / 673,105; and 29 / 673,107 may be used to fabricate fibrous structures of the present disclosure. Embossed patterns may be fabricated according to the techniques disclosed in U.S. Publication Nos. US 2010-0028621 A1 in the name of Byrne et al. or US 2010-0297395 A1 in the name of Mellin, or US Pat. No. 8,753,737, issued June 17, 2014 to McNeil et al. For the avoidance of doubt, such embossed features are created during the converting process and are distinct from and independent of the cushion and knuckle features that are wet-formed on a papermaking line during a wet-laid papermaking process.

[0021] In comparison to the above more general description, more specific papermaking processes are disclosed below and in Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B illustrates. Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B are simplified schematic representations of processes and machines for producing continuous fibrous structures useful in the practice of the present disclosure. The following description of the process and machine includes non-limiting examples of process parameters useful for producing a fibrous structure of the present invention.

[0022] As in Fig. 6A, the process and equipment 150 for producing fibrous structures according to the present disclosure includes feeding an aqueous fiber dispersion (a fiber suspension) to a headbox 152, which may be of any type known to those skilled in the art. The aqueous fiber dispersion may contain wood and non-wood fibers, northern softwood kraft ("NSK") fibers, eucalyptus fibers, southern softwood kraft (SSK) fibers, northern hardwood kraft (NHK) fibers, acacia, bamboo, straw, and bast fibers (wheat, flax, rice, barley, etc.), corn stalks, bagasse, abaca, kenaf, reed, synthetic fibers (PP, PET, PE, Bico version of such fibers), regenerated cellulosic fibers (viscose, lyocell, etc.).) and other fibers known in papermaking, including short fibers with an average length of less than 1.0 mm (Average Short Fiber Length - ASFL) and including long fibers with an average length of more than 1.0 mm, from about 1.2 mm to about 3.5 mm, or from about 3 mm to about 10 mm (Average Long Fiber Length - ALFL). Depending on the non-wood fibers used, these can be in the long fiber range. For example, bamboo can have a length of 1.1 to 2.0 mm, sunburst hemp is even longer and can have a length of 2.8 to 3.0 mm, and sisal hemp can have a length of 2.5 to 2.7 mm. Kenaf can have a length of 2.7 to 3.0 mm, and abaca can have a length of 4.0 to 4.3 mm. This is important when short fibers such as eucalyptus are replaced with longer non-wood fibers.

[0023] From headbox 152, the aqueous fiber dispersion may be directed to a perforated member 154, which may be a fourdrinier wire, to produce an embryonic fiber web 156. Mixtures of the fiber suspensions may be useful in the present disclosure and may consist of about 20% to about 50% short fibers and about 40% to about 100% long fibers, particularly including any 1% increments between the recited ranges.

[0024] The perforated member 154 may be supported by a breast roll 158 and a plurality of return rolls 160, only two of which are illustrated. The perforated member 154 may be driven by a drive device (not illustrated) at a predetermined speed V1 in the direction indicated by directional arrow 162. Optional auxiliary units and / or devices commonly associated with machines for producing fibrous structures and the perforated member 154, but not illustrated, include forming plates, support surfaces, vacuum boxes, tension rolls, support rolls, screen cleaning showers, and other various components known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] After the aqueous fiber dispersion has been deposited on the foraminous member 154, the embryonic fiber web 156 is formed, typically by removing a portion of the aqueous dispersion medium by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Vacuum boxes, forming plates, support surfaces, and other various devices known to those skilled in the art are useful for effecting water removal. The embryonic fiber web 156 may be passed with the foraminous member 154 around the rewind roll 160 and brought into contact with a papermaking belt 164 in a transfer zone 136, after which the embryonic fiber web is advanced on the papermaking belt 164. While in contact with the papermaking belt 164, the embryonic fiber web 156 may be redirected, rearranged, and / or further dewatered.Depending on the process, mechanical and fluid pressure differentials, alone or in combination, can be used to direct a portion of the fibers into the diverter conduits of the papermaking belt. For example, in a through-air drying process, a vacuum device 176 can apply a fluid pressure differential to the embryonic web 156 disposed on the papermaking belt 164, thereby diverting fibers into the diverter conduits of the diverter element. The diverting process can be continued, if necessary, with additional vacuum pressure 186 to further divert the web fibers 184 and dewater them in the diverter conduits of the papermaking belt 164.

[0026] The papermaking belt 164 may be in the form of an endless belt. In this simplified illustration, the papermaking belt 164 travels around the papermaking belt return rollers 166 and the impression nip roller 168 and may move in the direction indicated by directional arrow 170 at a papermaking belt speed V2 that may be less than, equal to, or greater than the foraminous element speed V1. In the present disclosure, the papermaking belt speed V2 is less than the foraminous element speed V1, such that the partially dried fibrous web in the transfer zone 136 is foreshortened by a percentage determined by the relative speed difference between the foraminous element and the papermaking belt.Associated with the papermaking belt 164, but not illustrated, may be various backup rolls, other return rolls, cleaning means, drive means, and other miscellaneous equipment known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in machines for making fibrous structures.

[0027] The papermaking belts 164 of the present disclosure may be made or partially made according to the process described in U.S. Patent No. 4,637,859, issued to Trokhan on January 20, 1987, and may have the patterns of cells as disclosed herein.

[0028] The fibrous web 192 may then be creped with a creping doctor 194 to remove the web 192 from the surface of the Yankee dryer 190, resulting in the production of a creped fibrous structure 196 in accordance with the present disclosure. As used herein, creping refers to the length reduction of a dry (having a consistency of at least about 90% and / or at least about 95%) fibrous web that occurs when energy is applied to the dry fibrous web in such a manner that the length of the fibrous web is reduced and the fibers in the fibrous web are rearranged with an accompanying disruption of the fiber-fiber bonds. Creping may be performed in a variety of ways, as is known in the art, since the doctor blades can be set at various angles.The creped fiber structure 196 is wound onto a reel, commonly referred to as a parent reel, and may undergo post-processing such as calendering, tufting, embossing, and / or converting. The reel winds the creped fiber structure at a reel speed V4.

[0029] The papermaking belts of the present disclosure can be used to form discrete elements and a continuous / substantially continuous network (i.e., knuckles and pads) into a fibrous structure during a through-air drying process. The discrete elements can be knuckles and have a relatively high density relative to the continuous / substantially continuous network, which can be a continuous / substantially pad with a relatively lower density. In other examples, the discrete elements can be pads and have a relatively low density relative to the continuous / substantially continuous network, which can be a continuous / substantially continuous knuckle with a relatively higher density.In the example described above, the fiber structure is a homogeneous fiber structure, but such a papermaking process can also be adapted to produce layered fiber structures, as is known in the art. As discussed above, the fiber structure can be embossed during a conversion process to produce the embossed fiber structures of the present disclosure. formation

[0030] One area of ​​particular interest is the formation of the fiber structure. This is an area where, as demonstrated in the detailed description, so many sustainable sanitary tissue products fail, and the art does not reveal how well-formed fiber structures, including bamboo and / or other sustainable non-wood fibers, can be achieved. The formation of non-wood fibers can be challenging due to their morphology, which differs from wood fibers.

[0031] For example, bamboo fibers, which can be considered flexible (in terms of their length-to-width ratio compared to certain wood fibers and in terms of their length-to-width ratio compared to certain non-wood fibers such as straw fibers (e.g., wheat straw)), can often flak out in the headbox, which can result in an unevenly shaped sheet. The inventors of the present disclosure have found ways to overcome these challenges such that adding bamboo fibers to the fiber structure, even at high (higher) inclusion levels, can result in products with good formation, as evidenced by inventive formation index values ​​as well as draw ratio values ​​disclosed herein. It should also be noted that the better a sheet's formation, the better its opacity. This is, of course, important because formation and opacity directly impact hand protection in sanitary tissue products.Details are included in the description below.

[0032] As partially described above, fibers are transported to the headbox and diluted there. All other factors remaining constant, greater dilution of the headbox (lower headbox consistency) leads to better formation. Without being bound by theory, one reason for this could be that as the headbox consistency decreases, the fiber particles in the headbox interact less with each other as they flow through the headbox. Since fibers (wood and non-wood) are generally ribbon-like in section, a sphere is formed when that fiber can rotate in all three axes. This fiber sphere can be referred to as the "swept volume" of the fiber. As the headbox consistency increases, and assuming a perfectly homogeneous distribution of fibers in the solution, the spheres of the swept volume begin to move closer together and eventually overlap.As the spheres overlap more and more, the likelihood of fiber interaction increases, leading to flocculation, which in turn produces a more heterogeneous sheet. This is also referred to as poor formation.

[0033] The jet-to-screen ratio ("jet / screen") is known in the art as the velocity ratio between the velocity of the jet exiting the headbox and the velocity of the screen(s) encountered by the jet. The jet-to-screen ratio can be adjusted primarily by: (1) increasing the flow rate through the headbox for a fixed headbox geometry while keeping the screen velocity constant, (2) increasing the screen velocity while keeping the headbox flow and geometry constant, (3) decreasing the flow rate through the headbox for a fixed headbox geometry while keeping the screen velocity constant, or (4) decreasing the screen velocity while keeping the headbox flow and geometry constant.Method (1) observes the incompressible fluid dynamic concept of continuity, which states that as the volume flow rate through a fixed area increases, the velocity must increase – in method (3), the opposite is true. In methods (2) and (4), again, continuity results in a constant jet velocity, while the screen velocity increases or decreases, respectively. This jet / screen ratio also affects the draw ratio of the subsequently formed sheet. This mechanism occurs via fiber alignment on the screen as the fibers are laid down. It is generally known that the greater the jet / screen velocity difference (either a much faster jet or a much slower jet), the higher the draw ratio, and that there is a minimum draw ratio between the extremes.For this reason, it may be desirable for fiber structures of the present disclosure to exhibit certain draw ratios, which are described in more detail below. Fiber orientation may also affect sheet formation by increasing substrate heterogeneity.

[0034] Finally, energy represents one of the largest cost factors in papermaking. Pumps, especially vane pumps, consume large amounts of power through the work of increasing the pressure of a volumetric flow (known as PV work). By lowering the flow through the headbox (and thus increasing consistency and lowering the jet / wire at constant throughput and headbox geometry), production costs are reduced for the papermaker. Furthermore, all other factors being equal, lowering the headbox dilution would result in lower energy consumption during drying and lower overall water consumption, both significant cost elements in a world of increasingly scarce resources.

[0035] Therefore, a paper manufacturer strives to balance these competing priorities. Recent experiments have surprisingly found that the relationships between jet / wire, draw ratio, and formation are different for non-wood fibers than for wood fibers. More specifically, the draw ratios disclosed below can be achieved, at least in part, by a jet flow that is slower than the forming wire speed.

[0036] As already discussed in this section, producing high-quality fabric (softness, absorption, strength, bulk, etc.) for toilet tissues is challenging due to the use of bamboo with high coarseness in the fiber suspension. It is generally known that substrates with a very uniform fiber distribution (good formation) are preferred by consumers. One reason for this is that the even distribution of fibers is pleasing to the eye. Another reason is that the even distribution of fibers means a higher minimum fiber coverage area of ​​the pad for a given basis weight, as there are fewer heavy and light spots on the sheet, which contributes to better hand protection. Better formation also leads to better absorption properties due to better pore connectivity and pore volume distribution.In most conventional wet-press processes, uniform formation results in better tensile strength, allowing for a stronger sheet at a given basis weight. Through-air drying produces sheets with higher bulk properties. By preserving bulk at a given basis weight, a higher-bulk air-dried sheet would tend to have a lower formation index than a conventional wet-pressed sheet of similar basis weights and fiber compositions.

[0037] Another way to improve the formation index is to select fibers that enable high coverage (i.e., fibers with low coarseness and a wide fiber width). Bamboo, for example, is known in the engineering industry as a fiber with potential for use in fabrics. However, the morphology of bamboo fiber (high fines content, broad fiber length distribution, high coarseness, high fibrillation, etc.) ensures that the fiber drains poorly, which makes it particularly unsuitable for machines with through-air drying, as drying the resulting web is associated with high energy costs. The high coarseness of bamboo, as well as its wide fiber width, ensures lower coverage than leaves that primarily comprise eucalyptus. This also results in a lower formation index than eucalyptus or other leaves with high fiber coverage.For example, toilet tissue sheets composed primarily of eucalyptus fibers, which are short, narrow, and have low coarseness, exhibit improved fiber coverage within the sheet and a higher formation index. As the papermaker uses a higher inclusion of bamboo, the eucalyptus fibers are inevitably replaced with longer, wider, and coarser bamboo fibers. The fiber coverage within the substrate decreases, and the formation index also decreases. This applies not only to bamboo, but also to many other non-woods. Surprisingly, the inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that reducing the draw ratio of structured fiber structures comprising non-woods improves the formation index of the fiber structures. This is the exact opposite of non-structured fiber structures, where increasing the draw ratio improves the formation index.Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the interplay of fiber distribution on the screen, deformation of the sheet into a patterned fabric, and subsequent differential drying and creping of the resulting sheet leads, at least in part, to this counterintuitive relationship - see, for example, . Fig. 1I.

[0038] Most bamboo fiber webs are produced on conventional wet-press machines. These machines produce low-strength webs, and when converted into rolls for finished products, the resulting rolls are either low-bulk, high-strength rolls or high-bulk, extremely soft rolls. There are a few bamboo-containing products produced on through-air-drying machines. These examples exhibit a lowered formation index and also exhibit other properties not preferred by consumers, such as low volumetric PVD absorption in the range of 2.5 to 160 µm. It is therefore surprising that a low formation index substrate can be produced with a coarse non-wood fiber such as bamboo and still meet the standards for premium-quality fabrics. Fig. Figure 1B illustrates the absorbance of PVD values ​​of a hygiene tissue product of the present disclosure.

[0039] The inventors of the present disclosure have surprisingly demonstrated that substrates comprising non-wood materials (e.g., bamboo, abaca, etc.) can be produced that still maintain solid consumer appeal despite their reduced formation indices. As described more fully herein, non-wood fibers can be used to form webs in a continuous papermaking process at a high inclusion level of non-wood fibers. These webs can then be pressed onto a structured fabric, creating zones of varying density that may, in part, contribute to the preferred properties of the resulting "structured" fiber structures. Structured fiber structures can be achieved using various papermaking processes, such as TAD, fabric crepe, NTT, QRT, creped TAD, and UCTAD.

[0040] In addition, preferred properties can be achieved, at least in part, by adjusting the jet / screen speed, by varying the foreshortening ratios at the screen / belt interface and during creping, by changing the creping geometry, and by carefully placing high and low density zones in the substrate. Fractionation

[0041] It is generally known that substrates made from virgin wood pulp are preferred by consumers. The substrate developer undergoes a very deliberate process in selecting the fibers to include in their substrate. Generally, for soft and strong fabric products, a mix of low-coarseness and short-length eucalyptus fibers is included for softness, while low-coarseness softwood fibers, such as NSK fibers, are included for strength while still allowing good flexibility. To achieve the right balance of strength, softness, and flexibility, the substrate developer varies the chemical inclusion, the composition of the fibers by layer, and the finishing of the wood pulp. The choice of one of these variables (and others) affects the resulting substrate properties, making the substrate more or less attractive to the consumer.

[0042] It is also generally known that non-wood fibers often have different properties than wood fibers. Fiber morphology characteristics such as length, cell wall thickness, width, Runkle ratio, kink, curl, fibrillation, and other properties can vary considerably from non-wood fiber to non-wood fiber, as well as compared to wood pulp. Therefore, it is currently challenging to develop sanitary tissue products with premium properties when using non-wood fibers with non-premium morphologies.

[0043] To solve this problem, non-wood fibers can be passed through a hydrocyclone and separated into two distinct streams, referred to as "accepts" and "rejects." Despite this nomenclature, both output streams can be used by the substrate developer across different layers. As non-wood material passes through a separation unit, the unit separates the fibers based on, among other things, the degree of fibrillation. Since many non-wood fibers are more highly fibrillated than wood fibers, choosing to place the less fibrillated non-wood stream closer to the consumer can result in a premium experience similar to wood fiber. It has also been observed that less of the fibrillated non-wood fraction ends up in the waste stream, which is normally reserved for longer, denser, and coarser fibers.Traditionally, this reject stream would be routed away from the consumer-side layer, but the inventors of the present disclosure have surprisingly found that the better option is to place the waste stream on the consumer-side layer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrodynamic differences in fiber fibrillation overcome the hydrodynamic differences in fiber density and length. Because fiber fibrillation dominates, the more highly fibrillated fibers follow the bulk of the liquid and are transported to the acceptable part of the cyclone. The coarser, longer, and less fibrillated fibers concentrate on the peripheral wall of the cyclone and preferentially flow into the waste stream at the bottom of the cyclone. However, these "spit" fibers exhibit better mobility and lower bonding and are more wood-like due to their lower degree of fibrillation.The use of non-wood-containing rejects in the near-consumer layer can thus result in a hygiene tissue product with premium properties (e.g. softness). Once dried non-wood fibers

[0044] The challenges associated with the morphology of non-wood fibers are further complicated by the use of once-dried fibers (as opposed to never-dried fibers, which comprise a water content greater than approximately 45%) in the papermaking process. Although never-dried and once-dried fibers are chemically similar, they differ greatly in their physical properties. Walls of undried fibers contain much more water per unit dry mass than walls of dried fibers after repulping. Because the never-dried walls are more swollen, they are more flexible or conformable. In contrast, the walls of once-dried (and re-moistened, or re-pulped, or repulped) fibers are stiff (compared to never-dried fibers).During water removal, significant changes in the properties of fibers occur during papermaking, as the walls become increasingly stiffer and less conformable. Table 6 shows the differences in fiber properties between non-wood fibers that have never been dried and those that have been dried once; see also, for example, A.M. Scallan and G.V. Laivins, The mechanism of hornification of wood pulps in Products of Papermaking, translation of the X. Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 1993, (CF Baker, ed.), pp. 1235-1260, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376 / frc.1993.2.1235, on page 1242 (effect of temperature) it states: "Drying and re-elutriating at 25 °C decreased the breaking length from 7.3 km for the virgin leaf to 2.7 km. By increasing the drying temperature to 105 °C and 150 °C, the breaking length was further decreased to 1.6 and 0.6 km, respectively.This study shows that the main cause of the reduction in sheet strength is water removal, and that heat causes an additional, much smaller reduction." The same article continues: "Few studies have been conducted to separate the effects of temperature and water removal during the drying process. Lyne and Gallay circumvented this problem by heating without drying; in their experiments, moistened handsheets were heated to 95°C for three minutes in a water vapor-saturated atmosphere before being air-dried (19). The tensile strength of the sheet was reduced by 14% compared to an unheated control. The result shows that heat treatment resulted in a reduction in the extent of interfiber bonding, which was due to a loss of pulp swelling upon heating." Table 6 also illustrates that never-dried fibers exhibit better bonding than once-dried fibers. To overcome the effects of temperature and water removal, the strength of the web (e.g., sanitary tissue product) can be achieved through temporary and / or permanent wet strength, dry strength additives, fiber suspension blend ratios (e.g., softwood-to-hardwood ratio), process manipulations (finishing, formation, calendering, creping, etc.), etc.

[0045] Although it may be desirable to use never-dried fibers (see, for example, the following publications assigned to Essity Hygiene and Health Aktiebolag: WO2023282811A1, WO2023282812A1, WO2023282813A1, WO2023282818A1), it is required that the pulp production plant be located close to the paper mill because transporting wet fibers is too expensive. Since this proximity is often impractical, the inventors of the present application used non-wood fibers that have been dried at least once, overcoming not only the challenges associated with non-wood fibers but also the challenges associated with the non-wood fibers being dried at least once in the crushing plant and then shipped as dried sheets before the fibers were incorporated into the papermaking process.That is, the non-wood fibers disclosed herein were reslurried from dried sheets before being sent to a headbox in the papermaking process. Furthermore, the fiber length of once-dried non-wood fibers in the final product (e.g., sanitary tissue product) is typically shorter on a per-fiber basis than that of never-dried non-wood fibers, because an additional process is required to rehydrate once-dried non-wood fibers. These shorter fibers have substantially different properties, which affect, among other things, the strength of the final product.

[0046] When using once-dried non-wood pulp, the pulp unit is typically in a bale, sheet, or block containing less than approximately 45%, 40%, 35%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 2% water (water content). The once-fired non-wood pulp unit can then be sent to a pulping plant to be repulped (also called re-pulped or re-moistened). The re-pulped non-wood fibers can then be further refined or sent directly to a headbox. As referenced above, the re-pulped non-wood fibers are likely to be stiffer due to hornification (compared to similar fibers that have never been dried).

[0047] Another advantage of using once-dried fibers instead of never-dried fibers is that once-dried fibers are less likely to stick together and thus bond together during the papermaking process, resulting in a softer sanitary tissue, making the sanitary tissue product more cloth-like and desirable. For example, once-dried fibers of the present disclosure may have a breaking length of less than about 2700 m, less than about 2000 m, less than about 1700 m, less than about 1600 m, less than about 1400 m, less than about 1250 m, less than about 1100 m, less than about 900 m, less than about 750 m, or less than about 450 m, while never-dried fibers tend to have higher breaking lengths, such asgreater than about 2700 m, greater than about 2800 m, greater than about 3000 m, greater than about 3200 m or greater than about 3500 m, in particular including all increments of 1 m within the aforementioned ranges of this paragraph and all areas formed therein or thereby.

[0048] Further, the dried fibers of the present disclosure may have a breaking length ratio (i.e., the breaking length (m) according to the breaking length test method divided by the length-weighted fiber length (microns) according to the method for determining fiber length, width, coarseness, and count) of less than about 3.25 m / micron, less than about 2.7 m / micron, less than about 2.5 m / micron, less than about 2.0 m / µm, less than about 1.8 m / µm, less than about 1.6 m / µm, less than about 1.5 m / µm, less than about 1.0 m / µm, less than about 0.6 m / µm, or less than about 0.5 m / µm, while never-dried fibers tend to have higher ones, such as B. greater than about 3.0 m / micron, greater than about 3.5 m / micron, greater than about 4.0 m / micron, greater than about 5.0 m / micron or greater than about 6.0 m / micron, in particular including all 0.1 m / micron steps within the aforementioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby.

[0049] In view of the paragraphs of this section (once dried non-wood fibers), a desirable process for manufacturing sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may comprise: re-pulping slurry comprising non-wood fibers before sending the slurry to a headbox; forming a web comprising the non-wood fibers; creating zones of different density in the web; and

[0050] Creping the web. The once-dried non-wood pulp may be introduced into a pulping facility prior to the pulp reslurrying step. The once-dried non-wood pulp comprises non-wood fibers having a water content of less than about 10%, 20%, or 40%. The once-dried non-wood pulp may be in the form of a bale, sheet, or block. The non-wood fibers may be selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. The web may be treated with permanent or temporary wet strength. This process for manufacturing sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may further include harvesting non-wood fibers, grinding the non-wood fibers, and drying the non-wood fibers. The non-wood fibers may be dried (for example, using a pulp dryer (e.g., from Andritz, Valmet, etc.)) in a facility other than the papermaking facility (i.e.in which the pulp is used to manufacture sanitary tissue products, including paper towels, toilet tissues, and / or facial tissues). The dried non-wood fibers can then be shipped to a paper mill at the destination. The transportation distance may be greater than: approximately 25, approximately 50, approximately 75, approximately 100, approximately 200, approximately 500, or approximately 1,000 miles to reach the destination paper mill. In some cases, the dried non-wood fibers are shipped from Asia (e.g., China) to North America (e.g., the USA). Structures of the present disclosure

[0051] "Fiber," as used herein, means an elongated physical structure having an apparent length that greatly exceeds its apparent diameter, i.e., a length-to-diameter ratio of at least about 10. Fibers having a non-circular cross-section and / or a tubular shape are common; the "diameter," in this case, may be considered the diameter of a circle having a cross-sectional area equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the fiber. More specifically, the term "fiber" herein refers to fibers that form fibrous structures. The present disclosure contemplates the use of a variety of fibers to fabricate fibrous structures, such as naturally occurring fibers (wood and non-wood fibers), synthetic (man-made) fibers, and / or other suitable fibers, and any combination thereof.

[0052] "Fibrous structure" herein means a structure comprising a plurality of fibers. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present disclosure means an ordered arrangement of fibers within a structure to perform a function. A bag of loose fibers is not a fibrous structure according to the present disclosure. The terms "web," "fibrous web," "embryonic web," and "embryonic fibrous web" are used to describe the web in the process of being converted into the fibrous structure. Further, fibrous structures can be rolled, nested, perforated, and / or packaged to form a final product (e.g., a sanitary tissue product).

[0053] "Nonwoven fiber structure," as used herein, means a fiber structure in which the fibers forming the fiber structure are not arranged in an orderly fashion by interweaving and / or knitting the fibers. In other words, nonwoven fiber structures do not include textiles, garments, and / or clothing. The nonwoven fiber structures described in the present disclosure are disposable products (i.e., they are typically discarded after one or two uses—unlike clothing, rags, fabrics, etc.).

[0054] "Ply" or "plies," as used herein, means a single fibrous structure that may optionally be arranged in a substantially contiguous, facing relationship with other plies to form a multi-layered fibrous structure. It is also contemplated that a single fibrous structure may effectively form two "plies" or multiple "plies," for example, by being folded upon itself. A ply may comprise multiple layers. Multiple plies may be formed, for example, as follows: The fibrous structure of the present disclosure may be combined with one or more additional fibrous structures identical to or different from the fibrous structures of the present disclosure to form a multi-layered sanitary tissue product; the additional fibrous structure may be combined with the fibrous structure of the present disclosure by any suitable means.

[0055] “Sanitary tissue product” means a soft fibre structure with a low density (ie < about 0.25 g / cm 3 ) that can be used as a wiping device for cleansing after urination and defecation (toilet tissues) and for otorhinolaryngological secretions (facial tissues), as well as for multifunctional absorbent and cleansing applications (absorbent towels and napkins). The sanitary tissue product can be wound around a core or without a core to form a roll of sanitary tissue product. Furthermore, the fibrous structure comprising the sanitary tissue product can be perforated to form interconnected sheets. Sanitary tissue products can be composed of fibers with an average length of less than about 1 inch; further, sanitary tissue products must not include fibers (or filaments) with a length exceeding 1 inch. Sanitary tissue products can be formed according to a wet-laid process, as in Fig. 6A to C.

[0056] “Fabric-like” refers herein to the feel of the nonwoven fiber structures to the consumer, the appearance of the fiber structure to the consumer, and / or the performance (e.g., absorbency, strength, durability, etc.) of the fiber structure during use by the consumer.

[0057] "Fuzz" herein means any material derived from a fibrous structure, as disclosed herein, that remains on a surface after the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product has come into contact therewith. The lint value of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising such a fibrous structure is determined according to the lint test method described herein.

[0058] "Differential density," as used herein, means a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising one or more regions of relatively low fiber density, referred to as cushion regions, and one or more regions of relatively high fiber density, referred to as ankle regions. In one example, a fibrous structure of the present disclosure comprises a surface comprising a surface pattern comprising a continuous ankle region and a plurality of discrete cushion regions having different densities; for example, one or more of the discrete cushion regions may have a density that differs from the density of the continuous ankle region (e.g., by 30%).

[0059] “Condensed” as used herein means a portion of a fiber structure and / or a hygiene tissue product characterized by areas of relatively high fiber density (knuckle areas).

[0060] “Non-densified” as used herein means a portion of a fibrous structure and / or a hygiene tissue product that has a lower density (one or more regions of relatively lower fiber density) (cushion regions) than another portion (e.g., an ankle region) of the fibrous structure and / or the hygiene tissue product.

[0061] "Dry fiber structure," as used herein, means that the fiber structure has a water content (% moisture) of less than 20% and / or less than 15% and / or less than 10% and / or less than 7% and / or less than 5% and / or less than 3% and / or less than 1% to 0% and / or more than 0%. The water content (% moisture) of a fiber structure is measured using an Ohaus MB45 moisture balance or equivalent instrument set to a drying temperature of 130°C, with the moisture being determined after the weight has changed by less than 1 mg in 60 seconds (A60 holding time).The present disclosures may have a water content (% moisture) of from about 0.0001% to about 20% and / or from about 0.001% to about 15% and / or from about 0.001% to about 12% and / or from about 0.001% to about 10% and / or from about 0.001% to about 7% and / or from about 0.001% to about 5%, based on the weight of the dry fibrous structure.

[0062] "Stacked product(s)" as used herein includes fibrous structures, paper, and sanitary tissue products that are in web form and cut into individual, separate sheets, where the sheets may be folded (e.g., Z-folded or C-folded) and interleaved such that a trailing edge of one is joined to a leading edge of the other. Common examples of stacks of folded and / or interleaved sheets include facial tissues and napkins.

[0063] "Percent Difference (%)," "X% Difference," or "X% Different" is calculated as follows: The lower value (e.g., common intensive trait value) is subtracted from the higher value (e.g., common intensive trait value), this value is then divided by the average of the lower and higher values, and the result is then multiplied by 100.

[0064] "Within X%" or "within X percent" is calculated using the following non-limiting example: If the first and second sanitary tissue products have a common intensive property (e.g., lint), and the second lint value of the second sanitary tissue product is 10, then for this example, "within 25%" of the second lint value is calculated as follows: 10 (the second lint value) is multiplied by 25%, which is 2.5, then 2.5 is added to 10 (the second lint value), and 2.5 is subtracted from 10 (the second lint value) to obtain a range, such that "within 25%" of the second lint value, for this example, means a lint value of or between 12.5 and 7.5. The absolute value of "X% change" can be used to determine whether "within X%" is met; for example, can also be determined using the absolute.For example, if "X% change" is -25%, "within 25%" is satisfied, but if "X% change" is -25%, "within 20%" is not satisfied.

[0065] "Percentage change (%)," "X percent change," or "X percent change" is calculated as follows: The reference value (e.g., the common intensive property value of a sustainable hygiene tissue product) is subtracted from the comparison value (e.g., the common intensive property value of a hygiene tissue product), then divided by the reference value, and the result is multiplied by 100. For example, if a reference value is 18 (e.g., the basis weight of a sustainable hygiene tissue product) and the comparison value is 31 (e.g., the basis weight of a soft hygiene tissue product), then 18 should be subtracted from 31, which equals 13, which should be divided by 18, which equals 0.722, which should be multiplied by 100, which equals a change of 72.2%.

[0066] The fibrous structures of the present disclosure can be used to manufacture personal care tissue products, including paper towels, washcloths, napkins, and facial tissues. The fibrous structures can be single-ply or multi-ply and can comprise cellulosic pulp fibers.

[0067] Fibre structures of the present disclosure may be selected from the group consisting of the following fibre structures: air-dried fibre structures, fibre structures with different densities, fibre structures with different basis weights, wet-laid fibre structures, air-laid fibre structures, conventionally dried fibre structures, creped or uncreped fibre structures, patterned or unpatterned fibre structures, densified or undensified, in particular undensified fibre structures with particularly high bulk, other nonwoven fibre structures comprising synthetic fibres or multi-component fibres, homogeneous fibre structures or multi-layer fibre structures, double-recreped fibre structures, uncreped fibre structures, co-formed fibre structures and combinations thereof.

[0068] As in the Fig. 3A to 3C, fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may include a surface comprising undulations (e.g., knuckles 20 and cushions 22) and / or embossments (e.g., 32, 34). Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B illustrate imprints 32 (each in Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B and each dot is an embossment) that may be desirable for use with fiber structures 10 of the present disclosure.

[0069] The fiber structures of the present disclosure may be airlaid and may be selected from the group consisting of thermally bonded airlaid (TBAL) fiber structures, latex bonded airlaid (LBAL) fiber structures, and mixed bonded airlaid (MBAL) fiber structures.

[0070] The fibrous structures of the present disclosure may have a substantially uniform density or may have regions of varying density; in other words, regions of high density compared to other regions within the patterned fibrous structure. When a fibrous structure is not pressed against a cylindrical dryer, such as a Yankee dryer, while the fibrous structure is still wet and supported by a through-air drying fabric or other fabric, or when an air-laid fibrous structure is not spot-bonded, the fibrous structure typically has a substantially uniform density. Regions of varying density may contribute to the softness of the fibrous structures of the present disclosure (particularly when compared to conventional wet pressing). As a particular example, the fibrous structures of the present disclosure may include knuckles and cushions, which may contribute to softness.Softness may be further enhanced when pads are placed on a consumer-facing surface of the fiber structure, such as a consumer-facing surface of a personal care tissue product.

[0071] As in Fig. 4A, C and E, fibrous structures of the present disclosure may include knuckles 20 and cushions 22, which is one way to achieve different densities. Fig. Figure 5 shows a part of the pattern on the mask 14 used to make a papermaking belt (not specifically shown, but of the type shown in Fig. 17) is used, which is capable of detecting the Fig. 3A to produce the hygienic fabric 12. The hygienic fabric 12 of Fig. Figure 3A shows a pattern of knuckles 20 and cushions 22 formed by individual hardened resin knuckles 20 on a papermaking belt, which correspond to the white areas, ie the cells 24, of the Fig. 5 correspond to mask 14 shown.

[0072] As in the exemplary fiber structure in Fig. 3A and more clearly by the Fig. 5, the fibrous structures of the present disclosure may include a pattern of discrete knuckles and a continuous / substantially continuous cushion region. However, in other examples, the fibrous structures may include a pattern of discrete cushions and a continuous / substantially continuous knuckle region.

[0073] As in Fig. 4A to F, the fibrous structure may have a first and a second consumer-facing side 50. It may be desirable for the cushion regions to face outward, as indicated by directional arrow 51, so that the user of the fibrous structure feels the cushions with their skin. It should be noted that, depending on the type of process used to manufacture the fibrous structure, for multi-layer fibrous structures, the consumer-facing side may be either the fabric side out (“FSO”) or the wire side out (“WSO”). In a typical TAD, as shown in Fig. 6A, “fabric side” refers to the side that contacts the TAD fabric (164) and “wire side” refers to the side that contacts the forming wire / forming fabric (154); For UCTAD, as shown in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 6B, the "sides" in the TAD section are determined, with the "fabric" side touching the TAD fabric (164) and the "air" side not. In a process such as the one in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 6A, whether the consumer-facing side of the fiber structure is the wire side (WSO) or the fabric side (FSO) is relevant to whether a flatter surface (non-outward-facing surface) or an outward-facing surface is desired. When the cushions face outward, TS7 values ​​decrease (compared to when the ankles are on the consumer-facing surface).

[0074] The fiber structures of the present disclosure may be pattern-densified. A pattern-densified fiber structure is characterized by having a relatively high-volume field with a relatively low fiber density and an array of densified zones (regions) with a relatively high fiber density. The high-volume field is alternatively characterized as an array of pillow zones (regions). The densified zones (regions) are alternatively referred to as knuckle zones (regions). The densified zones (regions) may be individually distributed within the high-volume field or may be fully or partially interconnected within the high-volume field.

[0075] The fibrous structures of the present disclosure may be undensified or non-pattern densified. The fibrous structure may consist of a homogeneous or multi-layer construction. The fibrous structure may consist of a pulp suspension that produces a single-layer, embryonic fibrous web or of a fiber stock that produces a multi-layer, embryonic fibrous web.

[0076] The fibrous structures of the present disclosure may comprise any suitable components known in the art. Examples of suitable components that may be included in the fibrous structures include, but are not limited to, permanent and / or temporary wet strength resins, dry strength resins (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), plasticizers, humectants, anti-fuzz agents, absorption-enhancing agents, immobilizing agents, particularly in combination with softening compositions, antiviral agents including organic acids, antibacterial agents, polyol polyesters, antimigration agents, polyhydroxy plasticizers, opacifiers, binders, release agents, dyes, and mixtures thereof. Such components, when present in the fibrous structure of the present disclosure, may be present at any level based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure.Such ingredients, when present, may be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 50 wt.% and / or from about 0.001 to about 20 wt.% and / or from about 0.01 to about 5 wt.% and / or from about 0.03 to about 3 wt.% and / or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt.%, based on the basis weight of the dry fibrous structure. It may be desirable to use one or a combination of the suitable ingredients on a fibrous structure comprising non-wood fibers, such as certain lotion(s) on a fibrous structure comprising bamboo, where the lotion improves softness or at least improves the perception of softness and may further reduce fuzz. Non-wood fibers

[0077] As used herein, the term "non-wood fiber(s)" or "non-wood content" means naturally occurring fibers derived from non-wood plants, including animal fibers, mineral fibers, plant fibers, and mixtures thereof, and specifically excludes non-naturally occurring fibers (e.g., synthetic fibers). Animal fibers can, for example, be selected from the group consisting of wool, silk, and other naturally occurring protein fibers and mixtures thereof. The plant fibers can, for example, be obtained directly from a plant. Examples of suitable plants include cotton, cotton linters, flax, sisal, abaca, hemp, hesperaloe, jute, bamboo, bagasse, kudzu, corn, sorghum, pumpkin, agave, luffa, trichomes, seed hairs, wheat, and mixtures thereof.

[0078] Non-wood fibers of the present disclosure may be derived from one or more non-woody plants of the family Asparagaceae. Suitable non-woody plants may include, but are not limited to, one or more plants of the genus Agave, such as A. tequilana, A. sisalana, and A. fourcroyde, and one or more plants of the genus Hesperaloe, such as H. funifera, H. parviflora, H. nocturna, H. changii, H. tenuifolia, H. engelmannii, and H. malacophylla. Furthermore, the non-woody fibers of the present disclosure may be prepared from one or more plants of the genus Hesperaloe, such as H. funifera, H. parviflora, H. nocturna, H. changii, H. tenuifolia, H. engelmannii, and H. malacophylla.

[0079] As used herein, the term "wood fiber(s)" or "wood content" means that fibers derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "hardwood") and coniferous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "softwood") may be used. Wood fibers may be short (typical of hardwood fibers) or long (typical of softwood fibers). Examples of short fibers include fibers derived from a fiber source selected from the group consisting of acacia, eucalyptus, maple, oak, aspen, birch, poplar, alder, ash, cherry, elm, hickory, cottonwood, gum tree, walnut, black locust, sycamore, beech, catalpa, sassafras, gmelina, albizia, anthocephalus, and magnolia. Non-exhaustive examples of long fibers include fibers derived from pine, spruce, fir, tamarack, hemlock, cypress, and cedar.

[0080] As used herein, the term "synthetic fiber(s)" or "synthetic portion" means fibers manufactured by human hands and expressly excludes "wood fibers" and "non-wood fibers." Synthetic fibers may be used in combination with non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo) in the fiber structures of the present disclosure. Synthetic fibers may be polymeric fibers. Synthetic fibers may include elastomeric polymers, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl alcohol, and nylon derived from petroleum sources. Additionally, synthetic fibers may be polymeric fibers, including natural polymers derived from natural sources such as starch sources, protein sources, and / or cellulose sources, which may be used in the fiber structures of the present disclosure. The synthetic fibers may be prepared by any suitable process known in the art.

[0081] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply), and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may comprise at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% non-wood content, or from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 55% to about 95%, from about 65% to about 85%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100%, or from about 97.5% to about 100% non-wood content (e.g. bamboo, abaca, hemp, etc.)), in particular listing all 0.1% steps within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby. bamboo

[0082] In general, the "bamboo," "bamboo fiber," "bamboo content," or "bamboo fiber content" incorporated into the fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure are fiber materials derived from any bamboo species. In particular, the bamboo fiber species can be selected from the group consisting of the following: Acidosasa sp., Ampleocalamus sp., Arundinaria sp., Bambusa sp., Bashania sp., Borinda sp., Brachystachyum sp., Cephalostachyum sp., Chimonobambusa sp., Chusquea sp., Dendrocalamus sp., Dinochloa sp., Drepanostachyum sp., Eremitis sp., Fargesia sp., Gaoligongshania sp., Gelidocalamus sp., Gigantocloa sp., Guadua sp., Hibanobambusa sp., Himalayacalamus sp., Indocalamus sp., Indosasa sp., Lithachne sp., Melocanna sp., Menstruocalamus sp., Nastus sp., Neohouzeaua sp., Neomicrocalamus sp., Ochlandra sp., Oligostachyum sp., Olmeca sp., Otatea sp., Oxytenanthera sp., Phyllostachys sp., Pleioblastus sp., Pseudosasa sp., Raddia sp., Rhipidocladum sp., Sasa sp., Sasaella sp., Sasamorpha sp., Schizostachyum sp., Semiarundinaria sp., Shibatea sp., Sinobambusa sp., Thamnocalamus sp., Thyrsostachys sp., Yushania sp. and mixtures thereof.

[0083] The bamboo fibers may be derived from temperate bamboo species of the genus Phyllostachys, such as Phyllostachys heterocycla pubescens, also known as Moso bamboo. However, unless otherwise stated, the compositions disclosed herein are not limited to containing a single bamboo fiber and may comprise a plurality of fibers of different species. For example, the composition may comprise a bamboo of Phyllostachys heterocycla pubescens and a bamboo of another species, such as Phyllostachys bambusoides.

[0084] Bamboo fibers for use in the webs, fibrous structures, and products of the present disclosure may be produced by any suitable process known in the art. The bamboo fibers may consist of bamboo pulp obtained from chopped bamboo stalks by a chemical process. The chemical process may include treating the chopped bamboo stalk with a suitable alkaline solution. One skilled in the art will be able to select a suitable alkaline solution. Bamboo fibers may also be produced from chopped bamboo stalks by mechanical processes, which may also include enzymatic digestion of the chopped bamboo stalks. Although bamboo fibers may be produced by any suitable process known in the industry, a desirable method for producing the bamboo pulp may be a chemical pulping process, such as, for example,Kraft, sulfite or soda / AQ pulping processes, but not limited to them.

[0085] The bamboo fibers of the present disclosure may be fibers from bamboo pulp and have an average fiber length of at least about 0.8 mm. When fiber blends of different bamboo species are used, it is noted that blends may include two or more bamboo species, or three or more bamboo species, such that the average fiber length is at least about 1.1 mm, at least about 1.5 mm, or about 1.1 to about 2 mm.Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply), and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may contain at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% bamboo content, or from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% bamboo content, including in particular all 0.1% increments within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby.

[0086] Bamboo fibers may be more advantageous than other non-wood fibers, such as various types of straw (e.g., wheat straw), for several reasons.

[0087] One reason for this is that bamboo fibers are generally longer than straw fibers, resulting in fiber structures that incorporate bamboo fibers being stronger (without the use of strength-enhancing chemicals or process manipulation) than similar fiber structures that incorporate shorter straw fibers. Abaca

[0088] Generally, the "abaca," "abaca fibers," "abaca content," or "abaca fiber content" incorporated into the fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure are fiber materials derived from Musa textilis (a banana species native to the Philippines). Abaca may also be referred to as Manila hemp, Cebu hemp, Davao hemp, banana hemp, or Musa hemp and may be used to obtain abaca cellulose fibers.

[0089] Abaca can have a fiber coarseness of more than 16 mg / 100 m (or less than 20 mg / 100 m) and a fiber length of 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, or more. In addition to abaca, sun hemp, kenaf, and sisal hemp can also exhibit these characteristics.

[0090] Abacá includes properties that may make it difficult (particularly at higher incorporation levels) to incorporate into sanitary tissue products of the present invention, since it is better known for being used to produce thin, strong, and porous paper that can withstand harsh use.

[0091] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply), and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may have at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% abaca content, or an abaca content of from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% abaca content, in particular by listing all 0.1% steps within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby.

[0092] Abaca fibers may be more desirable than other non-wood fibers, such as various types of straw (e.g., wheat straw), for several reasons. One reason is that abaca fibers are generally longer than straw fibers, resulting in fiber structures comprising abaca fibers being stronger (without the use of chemicals or process manipulations that increase strength) than similar fiber structures comprising shorter straw fibers. Furthermore, the length, width, and coarseness of abaca make it a more suitable substitute for softwood. Its higher fibrillation increases the specific surface area of ​​the fiber, and its carboxyl groups make it more suitable for binding chemical compounds. hemp

[0093] In general, "hemp," "hemp fiber," "hemp content," or "hemp fiber content" included in fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure may consist of hemp cellulose fibers obtained from the plants Cannabis sativa or Cannabis sativa indica. The hemp cellulose fibers may be processed into a particulate fiber pulp.

[0094] Hemp cellulose fibers can be obtained from one or more of the plant sources Cannabis, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis sativa indica, Agava Sisalana (i.e. sisal hemp).

[0095] Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three distinct species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The Cannabis stem (or trunk) consists of an open cavity surrounded by an inner layer of core fibers, often called the 'hurd,' and an outer layer called the bast. Bast fibers make up about 20% of the stem mass, and the 'hurd' makes up 80% of the mass. Bast fibers from Cannabis range in length and diameter, but on average are very long and of medium coarseness, suitable for the production of textiles, paper, and nonwovens. The hurd consists of very short, voluminous fibers, typically 0.2 to 0.65 mm long.

[0096] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply) and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may have at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% abaca content, or an abaca content of from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% hemp content, including in particular all 0.1% increments within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby. Bagasse

[0097] Generally, the "bagasse," "bagasse fibers," "bagasse content," or "bagasse fiber content" incorporated into the fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure may consist of "sugarcane bagasse"—the dry, pulpy residue remaining after extracting the juice from sugarcane or sorghum stalks. Agave bagasse is similar, but it is the leftover material after extracting blue agave juice.

[0098] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply) and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may have at least 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% abaca content, or an abaca content of from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% bagasse content, including in particular all 0.1% increments within the ranges referred to above in this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby. flax

[0099] In general, the "flax," "flax fibers," "flax content," or "flax fiber content" incorporated into the fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure may be composed of Linum usitatissimum of the Linaceae family. Flax fibers are obtained from the bast beneath the surface of the stem of the flax plant.

[0100] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply), and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may have at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% abaca content, or an abaca content of from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% flax content, including in particular all 0.1% increments within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby. Cotton

[0101] In general, the "cotton," "cotton fibers," "cotton content," or "cotton fiber content" included in fiber structure(s) in the present disclosure may consist of cotton fluff, which are fine, silky fibers that adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These crimped fibers are typically less than 3.2 mm (1 / 8 inch) long. The term may also refer to the longer textile staple fibers, as well as the shorter, fuzzy fibers of some upland species.

[0102] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply) and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure may have at least about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 100% abaca content, or an abaca content of from about 5% to about 15%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 100%, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100% or from about 97.5% to about 100% cotton, including in particular all steps of 0.1% within the above-mentioned ranges of this paragraph and all ranges formed therein or thereby. morphology

[0103] Because non-wood fibers can be very coarse, they may feel poor and be difficult to mold, thus potentially lacking the desired strength and volume. Part of this dynamic is that certain non-wood materials, such as bamboo, are often wider than the wood fibers they are intended to replace. Furthermore, compared to woods of the same fiber width, bamboo has a smaller lumen and a thicker cell wall (i.e., a higher Runkel ratio (i.e., the ratio of twice the thickness of the cell wall to the diameter of the lumen), even greater than 1.0), so non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo fibers) can behave more stiffly, especially when leveraging knowledge of wood fibers. For these reasons, it may be desirable to spread the knuckles apart and / or increase the molding forces (take-up shoe (molding vacuum)) and / or increase the speed difference in the transfer.If these differences are not addressed (i.e., if adjustments are not made to incorporate non-wood materials), the strength and / or roll volume will decrease and / or the panel will be less compressible and / or the panel will become stiffer (in-plane and / or in bending). Layers

[0104] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 4A to 4F and described in Table A, a layer of the fibrous structures of the present disclosure may be arranged homogeneously or in layers. When layered, a layer of the fibrous structures may comprise at least two, at least three, at least four, and / or at least five layers. The fibrous structures may comprise a single layer or two, three, four, or five layers.

[0105] As used herein, the term "layer" means a plurality of fiber layers, chemical treatments, or the like within a ply. As used herein, the terms "layered," "multi-layer," and similar terms refer to fiber webs made from two or more layers of an aqueous papermaking pulp suspension, possibly containing different fiber types. The layers may be formed by depositing separate streams of dilute fiber pulp on one or more endless, foraminous wires. If the individual layers are initially formed on separate, porous wires, the layers may subsequently be combined (while wet) into a multi-layer composite web. Naturally occurring (e.g., wood and certain non-wood-containing) and / or non-naturally occurring (e.g.,Synthetic fibers may also be present in the fiber structures, as disclosed in more detail below. Fig. 4A illustrates a first layer 53 and a second layer 53 of a fibrous structure 10. Each of the layers may comprise two layers 55. The layers may be bonded together 57 via adhesive, embossing, or the like. The cushions 22 may face outward 51 toward the consumer-facing side 50 of the fibrous structure 10. The knuckles 20 may face inward toward the product-facing side 52 of the fibrous structure 10, which is typically accomplished using processes and equipment as shown in Fig. 6A. As disclosed in Fig. As illustrated in Figure 4A, both layers are 53 FSO. Fig. 4B resembles Fig. 4A, except that the fiber structure 10 does not have distinct areas or zones for ankles 20 and cushions 22, which is commonly associated with processes and devices such as in Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B is disclosed. Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C are similar to Fig. 4A and 4B respectively, except that each layer comprises 3 layers 55. Fig. Figure 4E illustrates a single ply comprising 3 layers and is representative of a fiber structure resulting from a process and finish as in Fig. 6B and Fig. 6C; as such, the fibrous structure 10 does not have distinct regions or zones of the knuckles 20 and cushions 22. Fig. 4F is like Fig. 4A, except that it comprises 3 layers and layer 53''' is FSO and has 51 outwardly facing cushions 22, while layer 53 is WSO and has 51 outwardly facing knuckles. Fig. 4F can alternatively be both layers 53 and 53''' FSO or both layers WSO; and both layers 53 and 53''' can have outwardly directed 51 cushions 22 or both layers can have outwardly directed 51 ankles 20 - these FSO / WSO alternatives and cushion / ankle alternatives also apply to Fig. 4A and Fig. 4C.

[0106] It may be desirable to discard the highest fiber count (million fibers / g) in a layer of a ply comprising non-wood fibers that is closest to the consumer. A higher fiber count (relative to other layers in a ply) may be combined with outward-facing cushions on the consumer-facing side of a fibrous structure of a personal care tissue product. The outward-facing cushion region of a layer (e.g., 55a) may comprise a higher fiber count than an adjacent region of an adjacent layer (e.g., 55b). Further, a cushion may have a greater basis weight than an adjacent knuckle. Alternatively, an knuckle may have a greater basis weight than an adjacent cushion. Properties of the fiber structure(s)

[0107] Fibrous structure(s), web(s) forming the fibrous structure(s), layer(s) of a fibrous structure (including at least one or each of a first and a second layer of a ply), and / or sheet(s) of a fibrous structure(s) as disclosed herein, particularly including various inventive non-wood inclusions, even including more than 80% non-wood materials by weight of the fibrous structure, and even including 100% non-wood fibrous structure, may have one or a combination of the following properties: a VFS of greater than about 5.5 g / g, greater than about 6.0 g / g, greater than about 7.0 g / g, from about 3 g / g to about 20 g / g, from about 4 g / g to about 18 g / g, from about 5 g / g to about 16 g / g, from about 6 g / g to about 14 g / g, from about 8 g / g to about 12 g / g, or from about 5 g / g to about 6 g / g, especially when counting all steps from 0,01 g / g within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby;, an HFS of greater than about 13 g / g, or greater than about 14 g / g, or greater than about 15 g / g, or greater than about 16 g / g, or greater than about 16.5 g / g, or greater than about 17 g / g, or greater than about 17.5 g / g, or greater than about 18 g / g, or greater than about 18.5 g / g, or greater than about 19 g / g, or greater than about 20 g / g, or greater than about 21 g / g, or from about 4 g / g to about 30 g / g, or from about 6 g / g to about 28 g / g, from about 8 g / g to about 26 g / g, from about 10 g / g to about 24 g / g, from about 12 g / g to about 22 g / g, from about 13 g / g to about 20 g / g, from about 14 g / g to about 18 g / g, from about 13 g / g to about 15 g / g, or from about 13 g / g to about 14 g / g, in particular including all steps of 0.1 g / g within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a stack compressibility of more than about 40 mils / (log(g / inch 2)), more than about 41 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), more than about 45 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), more than about 50 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), of about 25 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) to about 100 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), of about 30 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) to about 75 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), of about 40 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) to about 50 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), of about 41 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) to about 48 or from about mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) to about 48 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )), especially listing all steps of 0.1 mils / (log(g / inch 2 )) within the above-mentioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; an MD wet peak elongation of greater than about 18%, greater than about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 14% to about 25%, from about 18% to about 22%, or from about 18% to about 20%, particularly including all 0.1% increments within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a CD wet peak elongation of greater than about 12%, from about 5% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 12% to about 20%, or from about 12% to about 15%, particularly including all 0.1% increments within the above-mentioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby; an MD wet tip TEA of more than about 21 g*in / in 2 , more than about 22 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 15 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 50 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 20 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 40 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 21 g*inch / inch 2up to about 30 g*inch / inch 2 or about 21 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 25 g*inch / inch 2 , especially listing all steps of 1 g*inch / inch 2 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a CD wet tip TEA of more than about 7 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 6 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 40 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 6.5 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 30 g*inch / inch 2 , of about 7 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 20 g*inch / inch 2 or about 7.5 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 15 g*inch / inch 2 or about 8 g*inch / inch 2 up to about 12 g*inch / inch 2 , especially listing all steps of 0.5 g*inch / inch 2 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a CD elongation (dry) of greater than about 5%, greater than about 8%, greater than about 12%, greater than about 13.5%, or from about 5% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 12% to about 18%, from about 13% to about 17%, or from about 14% to about 16%, particularly including all 0.5% increments within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a CD-TEA of more than about 35 inch-g / inch 2 , of more than about 32 inch-g / inch 2 or about 5 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 100 inch-g / inch 2 , of about 15 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 75 inch-g / inch 2 , of about 25 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 50 inch-g / inch 2 , of about 32 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 45 inch-g / inch 2 , of about 33 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 40 inches g / inch 2 , of about 34 inch-g / inch 2 up to about 38 inch-g / inch 2, especially listing all steps of 1 inch-g / inch 2 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a dry CD tensile modulus / dry CD tensile peak load (derived from the corresponding 1) dry elongation, tensile strength, TEA, and modulus test method for toilet tissue, 2) dry elongation, tensile strength, TEA, and modulus test method for paper towels, or 3) dry elongation, tensile strength, TEA, and modulus test method for facial care fabric) of less than about 5.0 g / g, less than about 4.5 g / g, less than about 4.0 g / g, less than about 3.5 g / g, less than about 3.0 g / g, from about 5.0 g / g to about 2.5 g / g, from about 4.0 g / g to about 2.0 g / g, or from about 3.5 g / g to about 1.5 g / g, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.1 g / g within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; Wet CD tensile modulus / wet CD tensile peak load less than about 5.0 g / g, less than about 4.5 g / g, less than about 4.25 g / g, less than about 4.0 g / g, less than about 3.75 g / g, less than about 3.5 g / g, less than about 3.25 g / g, less than about 3.0 g / g, less than about 2.5 g / g, less than about 2 g / g, from about 5.0 g / g to about 2.5 g / g, from about 4.0 g / g to about 2.0 g / g, or from about 3.5 g / g to about 1.5 g / g, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.1 g / g within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a CD modulus (dry) of less than about 2000 g / cm, of less than about 2400 g / cm, of less than about 2500 g / cm, of less than about 3270 g / cm or of about 200 g / cm to about 5000 g / cm or of about 1000 g / cm to about 4500 g / cm or of about 2000 g / cm to about 4000 g / cm or of about 3000 g / cm to about 4000 g / cm or of about 3270 g / cm to about 3800 g / cm or of about 3300 g / cm to about 3700 g / cm or of about 3350 g / cm to about 3600 g / cm or of about 3400 g / cm to about 3500 g / cm, in particular listing all steps of 1 g / cm within the above mentioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; an MD modulus (dry) of less than about 3360 g / cm or less than about 1750 g / cm or from about 500 g / cm to about 6000 g / cm or from about 1000 g / cm to about 5000 g / cm or from about 2000 g / cm to about 4000 g / cm or from about 3000 g / cm to about 4000 g / cm or from about 3360 g / cm to about 3800 g / cm or from about 3400 g / cm to about 3700 g / cm or from about 3450 g / cm to about 3600 g / cm or from about 3500 g / cm to about 3600 g / cm, particularly enumerating all increments of 1 g / cm within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a TS7 of less than approximately 40.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 30.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 22.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 20.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 24.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 15.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 14.00 dB V 2 rms or less than about 10.00 dB V 2rms or less than about 8.00 dB V 2 rms or more than about 5.00 dB V 2 rms or between about 3.00 dB V 2 rms and about 40.00 dB V 2 rms (“between about ‘X’ and about ‘X’’ is used synonymously with “from about ‘X’ to about ‘X’’) or between about 3.00 dB V 2 rms and about 20.00 dB V 2 rms or between about 4.00 dB V 2 rms and about 30 dB V 2 rms or between approximately 15.00 dB V 2 rms and about 30.00 dB V 2 rms or between approximately 5.00 dB V 2 rms and about 20.00 dB V 2 rms or between about 6.00 dB V 2 rms and about 14 dB V 2 rms or between about 7.00 dB V 2 rms and about 12.00 dB V 2 rms or between about 8.00 dB V 2 rms and about 11.50 dB V 2 rms or between about 9.0 dB V 2 rms and about 11.00 dB V 2 rms or between about 9.50 dB V 2 rms and about 10.50 dB V2 rms or between about 9.50 dB V 2 rms and about 10.00 dB V 2 rms, between about 15 dB V 2 rms and about 17 dB V 2 rms or between about 15 dB V 2 rms and about 16 dB V 2 rms, especially listing all steps of 0.01 dB V 2 rms within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a compression pitch of less than about 14.0 mil / g, or less than about 3.0 mil / g, or less than about 4.0 mil / g, or less than about 5.0 mil / g, or less than about 6.0 mil / g, or less than about 7.0 mil / g, or less than about 8.0 mil / g, or less than about 9.0 mil / g, or more than about 12.0 mil / g, or more than about 11.0 mil / g, or more than about 12.0 mil / g, or between about 4.0 mil / g and about 10.0 mil / g, or between about 8.0 mil / g and about 12.0 mil / g, or between about 6 mil / g and about 14.0 mil / g, or between about 8.0 mil / g and about 14 mil / g, or between about 7.5 mil / g and about 11 mil / g or between about 12.0 mil / g and about 3.0 mil / g or between about 11.0 mil / g and about 5.0 mil / g or between about 10.0 mil / g and about 4.0 mil / g or between about 8.0 mil / g and about 5.0 mil / g, particularly including all increments of 0.01 mil / g within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a formation index of less than about 170, or less than about 90, or less than about 65, or greater than about 30, or greater than about 50, or between about 55 and about 165, or between about 55 and about 85, or between about 60 and about 80, or between about 65 and about 75, particularly enumerating all steps of 0.1 within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a coverage of less than about 10 fiber layers (forming one layer 55 of a ply 53) or less than about 9 fiber layers or less than about 8 fiber layers or less than about 7 fiber layers or less than about 6 fiber layers or less than about 5 fiber layers or less than about 4 fiber layers or more than about 2 layers or more than about 4.75 layers or more than about 5 layers or more than about 5.25 layers or more than about 5.5 layers or more than about 5.75 layers or more than about 6 layers or more than about 6.25 layers or more than about 6.5 layers or more than about 7 layers or more than about 7.25 layers or more than about 7.5 layers or more than about 7.75 layers or more than about 8 layers or more than about 8.25 layers or more than about 8,5 layers or greater than about 9 layers or between about 2 and about 10 layers or between about 4 and about 9 layers or between about 5 and about 8 layers or between about 4 and about 7 layers, in particular listing all steps of 1 layer within the above-mentioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby; a coarseness (according to the method for determining opacity and fiber count) of less than about 0.35 mg / m or less than about 0.30 mg / m or less than about 0.25 mg / m or less than about 0.20 mg / m or more than about 0.13 mg / m or more than about 0.14 mg / m or more than about 0.15 mg / m or more than about 0.16 mg / m or more than about 0.17 mg / m or between about 0.15 mg / m and about 0.35 mg / m or between about 0.15 mg / m and about 0.30 mg / m or between about 0.16 mg / m and about 1.7 mg / m or between about 0.15 mg / m and about 0.17 mg / m or between about 0.15 mg / m and about 0.20 mg / m or between about 0.25 mg / m and about 0.26 mg / m 3 or between about 0.22 mg / m 3 and about 0.3 mg / m 3 or between about 0.19 mg / m 3 and about 0.32 mg / m 3 , in particular listing all steps from 0.01 mg / m 3 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a fuzz value of less than about 11, or less than about 10, or less than about 9, or less than about 8, or less than about 7, or less than about 6, or less than about 5, or greater than about 0.5, greater than about 4.1, greater than about 6, or between about 0.5 and about 11, or between about 0.7 and about 11, or between about 7.5 and about 10.5, or between about 4 and about 5.5, or between about 6.3 and about 7.7, or between about 3 and about 10, or between about 4 and about 9, or between about 5 and about 8, or between about 6 and about 8, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.01 (Hunter L value) within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a fiber length of less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, less than about 2.3 mm, or less than about 2.2 mm, or less than about 2.1 mm, or less than about 2.0 mm, or less than about 1.9 mm, or less than about 1.5 mm, or less than about 1.4 mm, or greater than about 0.7 mm, or greater than about 1 mm, or greater than about 2 mm, or between about 0.6 mm and about 2.4 mm, or between about 0.7 mm and about 2.2 mm, or between about 0.8 mm and about 2 mm, or between 2.5 mm and 3.7 mm, or between about 0.9 mm and about 1.8 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 1.6 mm, or between about 1.1 mm and about 1.5 mm, or between about 1.1 mm and about 1.4 mm, or between about 1.1 mm and about 1.3 mm, in particular listing all steps of 0.01 mm within the above-mentioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a fiber width of less than about 31 µm, or less than about 28 µm, or less than about 25 µm, or less than about 22 µm, or less than about 20 µm, or greater than about 8 µm, or between about 7 µm and about 32 µm, or between about 8 µm and about 31 µm, or between about 10 µm and about 28 µm, or between about 12 µm and about 26 µm, or between about 14 µm and about 24 µm, or between about 16 µm and about 22 µm, or between about 22 µm and about 27 µm, or between about 25 µm and about 31 µm, or between about 15 µm and about 19 µm, or between about 18 µm and about 20 µm, or between about 7.5 µm and about 9.5 µm, particularly including all 0.1 µm increments within the aforementioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby; a fiber length / width ratio (according to the method for determining fiber length, width, coarseness, and number) of less than about 190, or less than about 180, or less than about 170, or less than about 160, or less than about 150, or less than about 140, or less than about 130, or less than about 120, or less than about 110, or less than about 106, or less than about 100, or less than about 75, or less than about 50, or more than about 40, or between about 190 and about 35, or between about 185 and about 40, or between about 175 and about 50, or between about 150 and about 75, or between about 125 and about 100, particularly enumerating all steps of 1 within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a fiber count (length average) of less than about 30 fibers / g, or less than about 25 fibers / g, or less than about 20 fibers / g, or less than about 16 fibers / g, or less than about 15 fibers / g, or less than about 14 fibers / g, or less than about 13 fibers / g, or less than about 10 fibers / g, or more than about 3 fibers / g, or between about 2.75 fibers / g and about 5 fibers / g, or between about 3 fibers / g and about 35 fibers / g, or between about 3.5 fibers / g and about 30 fibers / g, or between about 5 fibers / g and about 25 fibers / g, or between about 10 fibers / g and about 20 fibers / g, or between about 10 fibers / g and about 15 fibers / g, in particular including all increments of 0.1 fibers / g within the above-mentioned ranges and all areas formed therein or thereby; a fiber count (number average) of less than about 30 fibers / g, or less than about 25 fibers / g, or less than about 20 fibers / g, or less than about 16 fibers / g, or less than about 15 fibers / g, or less than about 14 fibers / g, or less than about 13 fibers / g, or less than about 10 fibers / g, or more than about 3 fibers / g, or more than about 8.9 fibers / g, or between about 3 fibers / g and about 35 fibers / g, or between about 3.5 fibers / g and about 30 fibers / g, or between about 5 fibers / g and about 25 fibers / g, or between about 10 fibers / g and about 20 fibers / g, or between about 10 fibers / g and about 15 fibers / g, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.1 fibers / g within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; Fiber number range (C(n)) of more than about 800 million / m^2, more than about 830 million / m^2, more than about 850 million / m^2, more than about 900 million / m^2, more than about 950 million / m^2, more than about 1,000 million / m^2 or less than about 1,050 million / m^2, less than about 950 million / m^2, or from about 800 million / m^2 to about 1,000 million / m^2, from about 850 million / m^2 to about 975 million / m^2, particularly including all increments of 1 million / m^2 within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; Fiber number range (C(1)) of more than about 260 million / m^2, more than about 280 million / m^2, more than about 300 million / m^2, more than about 350 million / m^2, more than about 400 million / m^2, more than about 450 million / m^2, greater than about 500 million / m^2, greater than about 525 million / m^2 or less than about 530 million / m^2, less than about 500 million / m^2, less than about 400 million / m^2 or from about 260 million / m^2 to about 530 million / m^2, from about 260 million / m^2 to about 400 million / m^2, from about 260 million / m^2 to about 400 million / m^2, in particular listing all steps of 1 million / m^2 within the aforementioned ranges and all areas formed therein or thereby; a tensile ratio (also called "dry tensile ratio", see test methods below for dry elongation, tensile strength, TEA, and elastic modulus) of less than about 4.5, or less than about 4, or less than about 3.5, or less than about 3, or less than about 2.5, or less than about 2.1, or less than about 2, or less than about 1.9, or less than about 1.7, or greater than about 0.5, or greater than about 1.3, or greater than about 1.6, or greater than about 2, or greater than about 2.5, or between about 0.4 and about 0.5, or between about 0.5 and about 4.5, or between about 1.1 and about 1.6, or between about 1.25 and about 3, or between about 1.8 and about 2.4, or between about 1 and about 3, or between about 1.2 and about 2.1, or between about 1.5 and about 2, or between about 1.7 and about 2, in particular listing all steps of 0.01 within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; an Emtec TS750 of more than about 10 dB V 2 rms or more than about 20 dB V 2 rms or more than about 40 dB V 2 rms or more than about 47.7 dB V 2 rms or more than about 50 dB V 2 rms or more than about 75 dB V 2 rms or less than about 115 dB V 2 rms or less than about 20 dB V 2 rms or less than about 40 dB V 2 rms or less than about 45 dB V 2 rms or less than about 60 dB V 2 rms or less than about 80 dB V 2 rms or between about 10 dB V 2 rms and about 120 dB V 2 rms or between about 14 dB V 2 rms and about 113 dB V 2 rms or between about 14 dB V 2 rms and about 75 dB V 2 rms or between about 50 dB V 2 rms and about 112 dB V 2 rms or between about 15 dB V 2 rms and about 50 dB V 2 or between about 16 dB V 2rms and about 40 dB V 2 or between about 20 dB V 2 rms and about 30 dB V 2 or between about 25 dB V 2 rms and about 35 dB V 2 or between about 40 dB V 2 rms and about 55 dB V 2 , in particular listing all steps of 1 dB V 2 rms within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a slip stick of greater than about 235, or greater than about 270, or greater than about 300, or greater than about 350, or greater than about 400, or greater than about 500, or greater than about 600, or greater than about 700, or greater than about 800, or greater than about 900, or less than about 435, or less than about 605, or less than about 1000, or between about 230 and about 1400, or between about 235 and about 435, or between about 235 and about 605, or between about 280 and about 965, or between about 300 and about 800, or between about 350 and about 500, or between about 400 and about 600, particularly enumerating all steps of 10 within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; The density of a first zone (a first region) or a cushion zone may differ from the density of a second zone (a second region or an ankle zone) adjacent to the first zone, such that the density of a second zone (a second region or an ankle zone) may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% or 200% greater than the first zone (first region or cushion zone), in particular enumerating all increments of 0.01% within the aforementioned regions and all regions formed therein or thereby (the method of measuring micro-CT intensity may be used to determine the density of a region of interest); a Runkel ratio of greater than about 1, or greater than about 2, or greater than about 3, or greater than about 5, or greater than about 6, or greater than about 7, or less than about 10, between about 0.5 and about 10, or between about 1 and about 8, or between about 1.5 and about 6.5, particularly including all steps of 0.1 within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption of less than about 1600 mg or less than about 1550 mg or less than about 1500 mg or less than about 1400 mg or less than about 1300 mg or less than about 1200 mg or less than about 1100 mg or less than about 1000 mg or less than about 900 mg or less than about 800 mg or less than about 700 mg or less than about 600 mg or more than about 550 mg or between about 550 mg and about 1600 mg or between about 600 mg and about 1550 mg or between about 700 mg and about 1550 mg or between about 825 mg and about 1550 mg or between about 850 mg and about 1500 mg or between about 900 mg and about 1400 mg or between about 1000 mg and about 1200 mg, in particular listing all steps of 1 mg within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a PVD absorption of 2.5 to 160 microns of less than about 1200 mg, or less than about 1100 mg, or less than about 1000 mg, or less than about 900 mg, or more than about 400 mg, or more than about 800 mg, or more than about 825 mg, or between about 400 mg and about 1200 mg, or between about 500 mg and about 1200 mg, or between about 600 mg and about 1200 mg, or between about 700 mg and about 1200 mg, or between about 800 mg and about 1200 mg, or between about 900 mg and about 1100 mg, particularly enumerating all increments of 1 mg within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a VFS of greater than about 4 g / g, or greater than about 5.5 g / g, or greater than about 6.0 g / g, or greater than about 7.0 g / g, or greater than about 7.3 g / g, or greater than about 7.5 g / g, or greater than about 8 g, or greater than about 8.5 g / g, or greater than about 9 g / g, or greater than about 9.5 g / g, or greater than about 10 g / g, or greater than about 10.5 g / g, or greater than about 11 g / g, or greater than about 11.5 g / g, or greater than about 12 g / g, or greater than about 12.5 g / g, or less than about 13 g / g, or between about 4 g / g and about 15 g / g, or between about 5 g / g and about 11 g / g, or between about 10 g / g and about 15 g / g, or between about 7 g / g and about 13 g / g or between about 7.5 g / g and about 13 g / g or between about 8 g / g and about 13 g / g or between about 9 g / g and about 13 g / g or between about 10 g / g and about 13 g / g or between about 10.5 g / g and about 12.5 g / g or between about 10 g / g and about 12 g / g or between about 10.5 g / g and about 11.5 g / g, enumerating all steps from 0,1 g / g within the above-mentioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby;, a residual water content of less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 7%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3.5%, from about 1% to about 20%, from about 2% to about 18%, from about 3% to about 16%, from about 4% to about 14%, from about 5% to about 12%, from about 6% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 3%, or from about 1% to about 2%, particularly including all steps of 0.1% within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a basis weight of at least about 48 g / m 2 (ie gsm), between about 10 g / m 2 and about 100 g / m 2 or between about 10 g / m 2 and about 45 g / m 2 , between about 20 g / m 2 and about 40 g / m 2 or between about 24 g / m 2 and about 40 g / m2 or between about 30 g / m 2 and about 32 g / m 2 or between about 40 g / m 2 and about 65 g / m 2 or between about 45 g / m 2 and about 60 g / m 2 or between about 50 g / m 2 and about 58 g / m 2 or between about 50 g / m 2 and about 55 g / m 2 or between about 50 g / m 2 and about 75 g / m 2 , in particular listing all steps of 0.1 g / m 2 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a density (based on the measurement of thickness at 95 g / in^2) of less than about 0.60 g / cm^3 and / or less than about 0.30 g / cm^3 and / or less than about 0.20 g / cm^3 and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm^3 and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm^3 and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm^3 and / or from about 0.01 g / cm^3 to about 0.20 g / cm^3 and / or from about 0.02 g / cm^3 to about 0.10 g / cm^3, particularly including all increments of 0.001 g / cm^3 within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; A volume (also called "dry volume" based on the measurement of starch at 95 g / in^2) of more than about 1.67 cm^3 / g and / or more than about 3.33 cm^3 / g and / or more than about 5.00 cm^3 / g and / or more than about 10.00 cm^3 / g and / or greater than about 14.29 cm^3 / g and / or greater than about 15.0 cm^3 / g and / or greater than about 18.0 cm^3 / g and / or greater than about 20.00 cm^3 / g and / or from about 100.00 cm^3 / g to about 5.00 cm^3 / g and / or from about 50.00 cm^3 / g to about 10.00 cm^3 / g, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.01 cm^3 / g within the above-mentioned ranges and all therein or thereby formed areas (Note: This is different from the “Dry Volume Fraction” and the “Resilient Volume”). an SST (absorption rate) of more than about 0.3 g / sec 0.5 or more than about 0.4 g / sec 0.5 or more than about 0.45 g / sec 0.5 or more than about 0.5 g / sec 0.5 or more than about 0.75 g / sec 0.5or more than about 1.0 g / s 0.5 or more than about 1.60 g / s 0.5 or more than about 1.65 g / s 0.5 or more than about 1.70 g / s 0.5 or more than about 1.75 g / s 0.5 or more than about 1.80 g / s 0.5 or greater than about 1.82 g / s 0.5 , or greater than about 1.85 g / s 0.5 , or greater than about 1.88 g / s 0.5 , or greater than about 1.90 g / s 0.5 , or greater than about 1.95 g / s 0.5 , or greater than about 2.00 g / s 0.5 or between about 1.60 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.50 g / sec 0.5 , between about 1.0 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.0 g / sec 0.5 or between about 2.0 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.50 g / sec 0.5 or between about 0.3 g / sec 0.5 and about 0.7 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.0 g / sec 0.5 and about 1.50 g / sec 0.5 or between about 0.3 g / sec 0.5 and about 0.9 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.65 g / sec 0.5and about 2.50 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.70 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.40 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.75 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.30 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.80 g / sec 0.5 and about 2.20 g / sec 0.5 or between about 1.82 g / s 0.5 and about 2.10 g / s 0.5 or between about 1.85 g / s 0.5 and about 2.00 g / s 0.5 , in particular listing all steps of 0.1 g / s 0.5 within the aforementioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; a plate stiffness of greater than about 0.3 N*mm or greater than about 0.5 N*mm or greater than about 1.0 N*mm or greater than about 2.0 N*mm or greater than about 4.0 N*mm or greater than about 6.0 N*mm or greater than about 8.0 N*mm or greater than about 12.0 N*mm or greater than about 12.5 N*mm or greater than about 13.0 N*mm or greater than about 13.5 N*mm or greater than about 14 N*mm or greater than about 14.5 N*mm or greater than about 15 N*mm or greater than about 15.5 N*mm or greater than about 16 N*mm or more than about 16.5 N*mm or more than about 17 N*mm or between about 0.3 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 1 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 2 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 4 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 6 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 8 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 10 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 12 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 12,5 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 13 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 13.5 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 14 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 14.5 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 15 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 15.5 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 16 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 16.5 N*mm and about 20 N*mm or between about 17 N*mm and about 20 N*mm, in particular listing all steps of 0.1 N*mm within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a resilient volume of more than about 25 cm 3 / g or more than about 29 cm 3 / g or more than about 40 cm 3 / g or more than about 50 cm 3 / g or more than about 60 cm 3 / g or more than about 62 cm 3 / g or more than about 75 cm 3 / g or more than about 85 cm 3 / g or more than about 90 cm 3 / g or more than about 95 cm 3 / g or more than about 100 cm 3 / g or more than about 102 cm 3 / g or more than about 105 cm 3 / g or between about 29 cm 3 / g and about 112 cm 3 / g or between about 29 cm 3 / g and about 103 cm 3 / g or between about 40 cm 3 / g and about 100 cm 3 / g or between about 50 cm 3 / g and about 75 cm 3 / g or between about 55 cm 3 / g and about 70 cm 3 / g or between about 85 cm 3 / g and about 110 cm 3 / g or between about 90 cm 3 / g and about 110 cm 3 / g or between about 95 cm 3 / g and about 110 cm 3 / g or between about 100 cm 3 / g and about 110 cm 3 / g, especially listing all steps of 1 cm 3 / g within the above-mentioned areas and all areas formed therein or thereby; Total wet tensile strength of greater than about 50 g / inch, or greater than about 75 g / inch, or greater than about 100 g / inch, or greater than about 200 g / inch, or greater than about 300 g / inch, or greater than about 400 g / inch, or greater than about 450 g / inch, or greater than about 470 g / inch, or greater than about 500 g / inch, or greater than about 550 g / inch, or greater than about 600 g / inch, or greater than about 650 g / inch, or greater than about 700 g / inch, or greater than about 750 g / inch, or greater than about 758 g / inch, or greater than about 800 g / inch, or greater than about 850 g / inch, or greater than about 900 g / inch, or greater than about 2278 g / inch, or between about 350 g / inch and about 475 g / inch, or between about 420 g / inch and about 440 g / inch or between about 100 g / inch and about 640 g / inch or between about 300 g / inch and about 1000 g / inch or between about 400 g / inch and about 900 g / inch or between about 500 g / inch and about 900 g / inch or between about 550 g / inch and about 900 g / inch or between about 600 g / inch and about 900 g / inch orbetween about 650 g / inch and about 900 g / inch or between about 700 g / inch and about 900 g / inch, in particular including all increments of 10 g / inch within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a total wet tensile strength (Finch) of greater than about between about 10 g / inch and about 125 g / inch, or between about 20 g / inch and about 55 g / inch, or between about 30 g / inch and about 100 g / inch, or between about 10 g / inch and about 65 g / inch, including, but not limited to, all increments of 1 g / inch within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a dry burst strength (peak load) of greater than about 250 g, or greater than about 400 g, or greater than about 600 g, or greater than about 800 g, or greater than about 1000 g, or greater than about 1200 g, or greater than about 1300 g, or greater than about 1400 g, or between about 250 g and about 1500 g, or between about 400 g and about 1500 g, or between about 600 g and about 1500 g, or between about 800 g and about 1450 g, or between about 1000 g and about 1400 g; a wet burst strength (peak load) of more than about 3 g,more than about 5 g or more than about 10 g or more than about 20 g or more than about 50 g or more than about 55 g or more than about 75 g or more than about 100 g or more than about 115 g or more than about 150 g or more than about 177 g or more than about 200 g or more than about 300 g or more than about 350 g or more than about 400 g or more than about 450 g or more than about 478 g or more than about 500 g or more than about 550 g or more than about 600 g or between about 20 g and about 530 g or between about 3 g and about 22 g or between about 25 g and about 52 g or between about 230 g and about 525 g or between about 180 g and about 525 g or between about 200 g and about 700 g or between about 350 g and about 600 g or between about 350 g and about 550 g or between about 400 g and about 550 g or between about 400 g and about 525 g or between about 50 g and about 220 g or between about 50 g and about 60 g or between about 50 g and about 55 g,in particular listing all steps of 10 g within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a flexural rigidity (average) of more than about 40 mg-cm, more than about 75 mg-cm, more than about 175 mg-cm, 100, more than about 125 mg-cm, more than about 150 mg-cm, more than about 175 mg-cm,more than about 200 mg-cm or more than about 700 mg-cm or more than about 800 mg-cm or more than about 900 mg-cm or more than about 1000 mg-cm or more than about 1100 mg-cm or more than about 1200 mg-cm or more than about 1300 mg-cm or more than about 1400 mg-cm or more than about 1500 mg-cm or more than about 1600 mg-cm or more than about 1700 mg-cm or between about 40 mg-cm and about 200 mg-cm or between about 60 mg-cm and about 150 mg-cm or between about 80 mg-cm and about 125 mg-cm or between about 80 mg-cm and about 100 mg-cm or between about 700 mg-cm and about 1800 mg-cm or between about 800 mg-cm and about 1600 mg-cm or between about 900 mg-cm and about 1400 mg-cm or between about 1000 mg-cm and about 1350 mg-cm or between about 1050 mg-cm and about 1350 mg-cm or between about 1100 mg-cm and about 1350 mg-cm or between about 1100 mg-cm and about 1300 mg-cm,in particular listing all steps of 10 mg-cm within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a dry thickness of greater than about 4.0 mils, or greater than about 10.0 mils, or greater than about 15.0 mils, or greater than about 20.0 mils, or greater than about 26.0 mils, or greater than about 28.0 mils, or greater than about 40 mils, or greater than about 55 mils, or between about 4.0 mils and about 27.0 mils, or between about 18.0 mils and about 24.0 mils, or between about 45.0 mils and about 51.0 mils, or between about 29 mils and about 33.0 mils, or between about 19.0 mils and about 43.0 mils, or about 26.0 mils and about 80.0 mils, or between 40.0 mils and 60.0 mils, or between about 50 and about 60 mils, including in particular all 0.10 mil increments within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a wet thickness of greater than about 8.0 mils, or greater than about 10.0 mils, or greater than about 15.0 mils, or greater than about 17.0 mils, or greater than about 26 mils, or between about 10.0 mils and about 33.0 mils, or between about 15.0 mils and about 25.0 mils, or between about 8.0 mils and about 20.0 mils, or between about 26.0 mils and about 70.0 mils, or between about 26.0 mils and about 40.0 mils, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.10 mils within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a total dry tensile strength (total tensile strength) of more than about 250 g / inch, or more than about 400 g / inch, or more than about 500 g / inch, or more than about 700 g / inch, or more than about 800 g / inch, or more than about 1000 g / inch, or more than about 1200 g / inch, or more than about 1300 g / inch, or more than about 1700 g / inch, or more than about 2278 g / inch, or between about 880 g / inch and about 2570 g / inch, or between about 1800 g / inch and about 2485 g / inch, or between about 1900 g / inch and about 2300 g / inch, or between about 250 g / inch and about 1000 g / inch, or between about 400 g / inch and about 580 g / inch, or between about 700 g / inch and about 800 g / inch, or between about 275 g / inch and about 1310 g / inch, or about 1300 g / inch and about 4000 g / inch, or between about 1800 g / inch and about 2800 g / inch, in particular including all increments of 10 g / inch within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a geometric mean (GM) dry modulus of more than about 1000 g / cm or more than about 1700 g / cm or less than about 3320 g / cm or less than about 2500 g / cm or less than about 2400 g / cm or less than about 2300 g / cm 3 or less than about 2000 g / cm 3 or less than about 1500 g / cm 3 or less than about 1000 g / cm 3 or between about 1800 g / cm 3 and about 4000 g / cm 3 or between about 1800 g / cm and about 3500 g / cm or between about 3300 g / cm and about 3350 g / cm, in particular including all increments of 10 g / cm within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a geometric mean (GM) wet tensile strength of greater than about 250 g / cm, or greater than about 375 g / cm, or between about 250 g / cm and about 700 g / cm, or between about 250 g / cm and about 525 g / cm, or between about 375 g / cm and 525 g / cm, particularly including all increments of 10 g / cm within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a CRT rate of greater than about 0.30 g / s, or greater than about 0.5 g / s, or greater than about 0.55 g / s, or greater than about 0.6 g / s, or greater than about 0.61 g / s, or greater than about 0.65 g / s, or greater than about 0.7 g / s, or greater than about 0.75 g / s, or greater than about 0.8 g / s, or between about 0.30 g / s and about 1.00 g / s, or between about 0.61 g / s and about 0.85 g / s, particularly including all increments of 0.05 g / s within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a CRT capacity of greater than about 10.0 g / g, or greater than about 12.5 g / g, or between about 12.5 g / g and about 23.0 g / g, or between about 16.5 g / g and about 21.5 g / g, particularly counting all increments of 0.1 g / g within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a kinetic CoF of greater than about 0.75, or greater than about 0.85, or between about 0.85 and about 1.30, or between about 0.77 and about 1.7, or between about 0.85 and about 1.20, particularly counting all increments of 0.05 within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a dry depth of more than -240 µm, or more than -255 µm, or more than -265 µm, or more than -275 µm, or more than -285 µm, or more than -295 µm, or more than -300 µm, or between about -240 µm and about -310 µm, or between about -245 µm and about -305 µm, or between about -255 µm and about -303 µm, or between about -265 µm and about -302 µm, or between about -275 µm and about -300 µm, in particular including all steps of 20 µm within the aforementioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a moisture depth of more than -275 µm or more than -285 µm or more than -295 µm or more than -300 µm or more than -310 µm or more than -320 µm or more than -330 µm or between about -275 µm and about -340 µm, or between about -285 µm and about -335 µm or between about -295 µm and about -332 µm or between about -300 µm and about -330 µm or between about -305 µm and about -328 µm, in particular enumerating all steps of 20 µm within the aforementioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby; a wet contact area of ​​more than 25% or more than 27% or more than 29% or more than 31% or more than 32% or more than 34% or more than 36% or between about 25% and about 38% or between about 27% and about 37% or between about 29% and about 36% or between about 30% and about 35% or between about 31% and about 34%, in particular including all steps of 1% within the above-mentioned ranges and all areas formed therein or thereby; a dry contact area of ​​more than 17% or more than 20% or more than 22% or more than 24% or more than 26% or more than 28% or more than 30% or between about 17% and about 33% or between about 20% and about 31% or between about 22% and about 30% or between about 23% and about 30% or between about 24% and about 29%, in particular including all steps of 1% within the above-mentioned ranges and all areas formed therein or thereby; a dry compression (at 10 g force in mils) of greater than about 30 mils, or greater than about 45 mils, or greater than about 50 mils, or greater than about 55 mils, or greater than about 60 mils, or greater than about 65 mils, or greater than about 70, or greater than about 85 mils, or between about 40 mils and about 100 mils, or between about 50 mils and about 80 mils, or between about 50 mils and about 65 mils, or between about 50 mils and about 60 mils, or between about 55 mils and about 60 mils, particularly enumerating all increments of 5 mils within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a wet compression (at a force value of 10 g) in mils of greater than about 30 mils, or greater than about 20 mils, or greater than about 30 mils, or greater than about 40 mils, or greater than about 50 mils, or greater than about 55 mils, or greater than about 60 mils, or greater than about 70 mils, or between about 30 mils and about 100 mils, or between about 40 mils and about 70 mils, or between about 45 mils and about 60 mils, or between about 47 mils and about 58 mils, or between about 50 mils and about 55 mils, particularly enumerating all increments of 5 mils within the foregoing ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a dry volume ratio of greater than about 15, or greater than about 18, or greater than about 22, or greater than about 25, or greater than about 27, or greater than about 33, or greater than about 35, or greater than about 40, or greater than about 50, or between about 15 and about 60, or between about 22 and about 50, or between about 25 and about 35, or between about 27 and about 35, or between about 27 and about 33, particularly enumerating all steps of 0.5 within the above-mentioned ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby; a wet volume ratio of greater than about 20, or greater than about 22, or greater than about 25, or greater than about 28, or greater than about 30, or greater than about 34, or greater than about 40, or greater than about 45, or greater than about 50, or greater than about 55, or between about 22 and about 50, or between about 20 and about 50, or between about 25 and about 45, or between about 28 and about 40, or between about 30 and about 34, particularly including all 0.5 inch increments within the aforementioned ranges and all regions formed thereby; a ratio of wet burst strength to dry tensile strength (“wet burst / dry burst ratio”, ie, wet burst strength divided by dry burst strength) of greater than about 0.05, greater than about 0.09, greater than about 0.1, greater than about 0.15, greater than about 0.18, greater than about 0.20, greater than about 0.24, or greater than about 0.26, or between about 0.05 and about 0.27, or between about 0.15 and about 0.26, or between about 0.20 and about 0.26; a ratio of wet burst strength to dry burst strength (“wet / dry burst strength ratio”, which is the quotient of wet burst strength and dry burst strength) of greater than about 0.09, or greater than about 0.10, or greater than about 0.18, or greater than about 0.19, or greater than about 0.20, or greater than about 0.30, or greater than about 0.40, or between about 0.10 and about 0.50, or between about 0.20 and about 0.48, or between about 0.30 and about 0.46, or between about 0.40 and about 0.46;a concavity ratio measurement of greater than about 0.1, or greater than about 0.15, or greater than about 0.20, or greater than about 0.25, or greater than about 0.30, or greater than about 0.35, or greater than about 0.40, or greater than about 0.45, or greater than about 0.50, or greater than about 0.55, or greater than about 1.0, or greater than about 1.25, or greater than about 1.5, or between about 0.10 and about 0.95, or between about 0.15 and about 0.90, or between about 0.20 and about 0.85, particularly specifying all increments of 0.01 within the aforementioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby; and / or; a packing fraction measurement of greater than about 0.05, or greater than about 0.08, or greater than about 0.10, or greater than about 0.12, or greater than about 0.15, or greater than about 0.17, or between about 0.05 and about 0.75, or between about 0.10 and about 0.80, or between about 0.15 and about 0.85, particularly enumerating all increments of 0.01 within the above-mentioned ranges and all regions formed therein or thereby.

[0108] Fiber structure(s) of the present disclosure comprising non-wood fibers may have one or a combination of the above properties (disclosed in this section “Properties of the Fiber Structure(s)”). Softness

[0109] Of particular interest is the softness of the fiber structure. This is where so many sustainable sanitary tissue products fall short, and the art does not disclose how soft fiber structures comprising bamboo and / or other sustainable non-wood fibers can be achieved. This is even more true the more non-wood fibers are included. Surprisingly, the inventors have found that adding coarse bamboo fibers (bamboo is particularly coarse compared to eucalyptus) to the fiber structure, even at high inclusion levels and / or even on the consumer-facing side of a sheet, can result in products with good softness. There are a number of ways the inventors have achieved this, including creating different densities, using unique layers, and / or fiber blends. Details of these are included in the description below.

[0110] Surprisingly, the inventors of the present disclosure have also discovered that they are capable of providing soft fiber structures with low lint values. Typically, higher lint values ​​are associated with higher softness values ​​(e.g., TS7, TS750). Aside from the difficulties inherent in the process of processing fuzzy fiber structures, lint can cause unwanted deposits at the point of use, which can be unsightly and aesthetically undesirable. Therefore, achieving greater softness while simultaneously lowering lint values ​​is highly advantageous. Thus, the inventors have not only improved sustainable fiber structures but also enhanced the general offering of fiber structures beyond what is otherwise available today, even including what is currently considered a high-quality offering consisting solely of wood fibers. Fig. Figure 1A illustrates TS7 values ​​of a hygiene tissue product of the present disclosure and Fig. Figure 1F illustrates TS7 and lint values ​​of hygiene tissue products of the present disclosure. Opacity

[0111] Hygiene tissue products (e.g., washcloth sheets) often contain significant amounts of eucalyptus fibers, especially in the consumer-facing layer. Therefore, when higher bamboo content is incorporated, the short, narrow, and coarse eucalyptus fibers are inevitably replaced by longer, wider, and coarser bamboo fibers.

[0112] It is well known in the art that fiber coverage is an important consideration in the production of premium hygiene tissue products. Fiber coverage can be considered as the average number of fibers found when moving perpendicular to the surface of the product (i.e., in the Z-direction). Fiber coverage calculations include fiber coarseness (mg / m), fiber width (mm), and basis weight (g / m 2). One contradiction that paper manufacturers (fiber structures and especially sanitary tissue products) struggle with is how to design a strong yet soft substrate. This has traditionally been achieved through the careful selection and layering of wood-based fibers. Long and easily bonded fibers such as softwoods are used in a sheet for strength, while short, thin, and coarse fibers such as eucalyptus provide softness. These short, thin, and less coarse eucalyptus fibers also provide high fiber coverage in the sheet, which supports hand protection and other aspects of absorbency.

[0113] While the art has disclosed that low-coarseness bamboo can be used in toilet tissues, the inventors of the present disclosure have surprisingly found that incorporating much higher-coarseness bamboo into the sheet, even at high levels of inclusion and against the consumer (i.e., on a consumer-facing surface), can result in products with good softness and low pilling. The bamboo fibers tested are also wider (18.9 μm) than in previous examples. These coarse and wide bamboo fibers produce substrates with reduced opacity for a given basis weight. Further, it has surprisingly been shown that by introducing coarser non-wood fibers such as bamboo, which produce substrates with reduced opacity, products can still be created that successfully balance the traditional contradiction between strength and softness.These improvements can be achieved, at least in part, by adjusting the jet / wire speed, by varying the degrees of shortening at the wire-belt interface and during creping, and by changing the creping geometry.

[0114] As stated in this previous section, hand protection is a key component of consumer acceptance. One way to improve hand protection is through increased fiber coverage of the sheet. This can be achieved by increasing the basis weight or by selecting fibers with a high specific surface area per weight. Fiber properties associated with a given surface area are length, width, and coarseness. These properties can be used to create a stochastic model that projects fibers as rectangles arranged like bricks. If the length, width, and weight of each brick are known, it can be determined how much area a given weight of fibers would cover if they were arranged perfectly flat next to each other. The coarseness divided by the fiber width gives the layer value in g / m^2.By comparing the basis weight (g / m^2) with the actual weight per unit area of ​​a sheet, the number of fiber layers (coverage) to be expected in the sheet can be determined. Interestingly, when replacing eucalyptus with bamboo, the number of fiber layers (coverage) decreases for a given total sheet weight.

[0115] Another way to improve hand protection is to lower the density of the sheet. For a given basis weight, lowering the density increases the strength of the sheet. This increased strength places the hand farther away from the material being removed, thereby improving hand protection.

[0116] Paper manufacturers are always conscious of manufacturing costs while striving to produce superior products. Therefore, the trade-off between increased weight, fiber selection, and density should be considered. It has been surprisingly found that careful layering of non-wood and / or wood fibers in a low-density sheet provides good hand protection.

[0117] Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between softness and lint with regard to product quality. More lint generally means the product is perceived as softer, but too much lint is not preferred by the consumer. Single- or double-ply sanitary tissue products may be desirable because they require less equipment (vane pumps, storage tubs, etc.) and are simpler (single- or double-ply casserole boxes compared to a three-ply casserole box). In a single-ply design, and often in a two-ply sanitary tissue product that does not contain wood, the non-wood material is visible to the consumer—so finding the right balance between softness and linting is crucial.Adding a third layer gives the product developer another degree of freedom, allowing them to segregate some or all of the less desirable non-wood fibers in the center or non-consumer layers. A third layer also allows the Yankee contact layer to be designed so that fewer or no non-wood fibers touch the surface. This results in a process that is easier to perform because the non-wood fibers interact less with the complex chemical and physical interactions with the size coating and creping process. Thus, a three-layer sanitary tissue product without wood offers more degrees of freedom from a design perspective, is easier to process from a Yankee coating perspective, and is more complex from a finishing perspective.A single- or double-layer sanitary tissue product is more difficult to design correctly to meet consumer needs and more difficult to process from a Yankee coating perspective. However, if these hurdles of a single- or double-layer design can be overcome, they are desirable because they are manufactured using a less complex process. absorption

[0118] When designing fiber structures, especially for hygiene tissue products such as paper towels, washcloths, and facial tissues, there are many properties that must be met to make a product attractive to consumers. Some of the properties desired by consumers include good absorbency and hand protection.

[0119] High volumetric absorption capacity at relatively small pore radii is believed to be preferred by consumers, especially in multi-layer products, because the water absorbed at these small pore sizes is tenaciously held by the absorbent material within the product. In multi-layer constructions, these "functional" pore sizes can range from 2.5 to 200 micrometers. When liquid is absorbed into these pores, it tends to remain in the substrate more than liquid absorbed by larger pores.

[0120] A typical method for enlarging smaller pores is to replace coarse softwood fibers with shorter, thinner, and less coarse hardwoods such as eucalyptus. The increase in eucalyptus fibers can be offset by adding softwoods such as NSK to maintain acceptable strength properties.

[0121] Surprisingly, experiments have shown that the introduction of coarser non-wood fibers such as bamboo can still create a high level of volumetric capacity from 2.5 to 200 microns (and ranges in between) while maintaining acceptable strength properties. Fig. Figure 1B illustrates the values ​​of absorption and Fig. Figure 1C illustrates the desorption values ​​of a hygiene tissue product of the present disclosure. Desorption

[0122] Continuing the discussion in the previous section (Absorption), without being bound by theory regarding desorption, it is assumed that high volumetric desorption capacity at relatively small pore radii is preferred by the consumer, especially in reusable products, because the water desorbed at these small pore sizes is water originally absorbed into the functional structure itself. When a wetting liquid is absorbed into a substrate, the mechanically applied features (applied while the substrate is essentially dry, such as creping or embossing) relax, causing the structure to partially collapse. These mechanically mediated properties, while important for the consumer experience, are not resistant to liquids. Desorption curves can therefore be interpreted as a good characterization of the wet structure of the material.Maximizing the desorption volume from 2.5 to 200 microns (and ranges in between) creates a sheet with a larger "functional" absorption volume. This is a good indicator of consumer-preferred absorbency, as water absorbed into the structure is less likely to re-leak from the material, providing greater protection for the consumer against soiling.

[0123] As outlined in the Absorption section above, experiments have surprisingly shown that the introduction of coarser non-wood fibers such as bamboo can still create a high level of volumetric capacity from 2.5 to 200 microns (and ranges in between) while maintaining acceptable strength properties. Fig. Figure 1C illustrates the desorption values ​​of a hygiene tissue product of the present disclosure. VFS

[0124] Continuing the discussion in the three previous sections (absorption, desorption, and desorption-absorption hysteresis), it is assumed that a high vertical full-sheet absorbent capacity ("VFS") in a substrate is preferred by the consumer for absorption and hand protection. The VFS measurement is assumed to accurately characterize how much liquid is tightly trapped within the layers of a substrate, since liquid held between layers or loosely within a layer will drain away when the sheet is placed in the (near) vertical position. This residual, tightly held liquid is expected to be a liquid that will transfer more slowly into a consumer's hand, resulting in improved hand protection.

[0125] A typical method for increasing the VFS of a substrate is to create structures from low-coarseness fibers, which are more prone to water retention through a finer fiber network and pore structure. Experiments have surprisingly shown that the addition of coarse non-wood fibers such as bamboo can still produce substrates with high VFS capacity while maintaining acceptable strength properties.

[0126] Surprisingly, experiments have shown that the addition of coarse non-wood fibers such as bamboo can still produce substrates with high VFS capacity while maintaining acceptable strength properties. Fig. Figure 1D illustrates VFS values ​​of a hygiene tissue product of the present disclosure. Slip-Stick

[0127] Continuing the discussion in the four previous sections (absorption, desorption, desorption-absorption hysteresis, and VFS) related to softness, another consumer-desired property is surface smoothness / slip. Low slip-stick values ​​in a fiber structure are believed to be preferred by consumers because the test is a good metric to quantify how much "slip" a substrate has. Typical design levers for improving a substrate's slip-stick behavior include increasing smoothness through calendering or replacing coarser softwood fibers with shorter, thinner, and less coarse hardwood fibers such as eucalyptus. The increase in eucalyptus can be offset by the addition of softwoods such as NSK to maintain acceptable strength properties.

[0128] Surprisingly, experiments have shown that the addition of coarse non-wood fibers such as bamboo can still result in substrates with low slip-stick while maintaining acceptable strength properties. Fig. Figure 1E illustrates the slip-stick values ​​of a sanitary tissue product of the present disclosure. Absorbent and solid (wet)

[0129] It may be desirable for sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure, such as paper towels, to be strong when moistened and simultaneously absorbent. This combination is often a contradiction due to the underlying physics. To achieve a strong paper towel, it must comprise many fibers that are strong, tightly bonded together, and treated with a chemical that protects the bond between the fibers when wet. However, a structure designed to maximize these properties will not absorb quickly or to a high degree because the aforementioned structure would also have minimal interaction voids, which would delay the absorption of water into the substrate. Softwood fibers, for example, are desirable for making such structures due to their fiber coarseness, length, and width. However, this fiber source is coming under increasing environmental pressure.It is therefore desirable to develop wet-laid structures with weaker, less coarse fibers that nevertheless exhibit superior wet strength and absorbency. It has been surprisingly found that, despite the often undesirable properties of non-wood fibers (i.e., non-wood fibers have very different properties and behave very differently compared to conventional wood fibers), it is still possible to achieve high levels of absorbency and wet strength in a non-wood substrate—see, for example, [1]. Fig. 2R 2S, 1O, 2T, 2U and 2X. Bidirectional strength

[0130] Because the wet-laid papermaking process differs from that of a woven substrate, there are many differences in the properties between durable substrates and sanitary tissue products. One particular difference lies in the strength and durability of durable substrates compared to sanitary tissue products: The former, which comprise woven filaments that are seemingly continuous, exhibit very high strength compared to the latter, which comprise hydrogen-bonded cellulose fibers. Directional differences in wet-laid structures are due to the hydrodynamics of continuous forming, the use of discrete fibers, and the non-isometric forces acting on the substrate during manufacturing.Often, the weaker direction of a substrate is the CD, and improving the strength and stretch properties in this direction improves the overall consumer experience, as the paper towel is less susceptible to damage during use. Opportunities for improving the strength and stretch properties of CD include careful selection of fibers for papermaking, matching the bonding ability of the fibers with their strength properties, process settings on the papermaking machine, such as finishing or forming conditions, and the distribution of heterogeneous density zones in the sheet. Refined softwood fibers, for example, are suitable for producing such structures due to their fiber coarseness, length, and strength. However, this fiber source is coming under increasing environmental pressure.It is therefore desirable to develop wet-laid substrates with weaker, shorter, or less coarse fibers that are nevertheless suitable for structures with high bidirectional strength. Surprisingly, it has been found that despite the reduced coarseness, shorter fiber length, and / or narrower width of non-wood fibers, it is still possible to achieve high bidirectional strength values ​​in a substrate that does not contain wood—see, for example, . Fig. 2 years, Fig. 2K and Fig. 2L. Voluminous and firm (wet)

[0131] It may be desirable for sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure, such as paper towels, to be strong when moistened while being bulky when dry. Being strong when wet facilitates cleanup of soils, while the high bulk of the sheet provides cloth-like durability, sponge-like absorbency, and other properties typical of durable substrates. However, this combination is often a contradiction due to the underlying physics. To achieve a strong paper towel, it must typically comprise many fibers that are strong, tightly bonded together, and treated with a chemical that protects the bond between the fibers when wet. However, a structure designed to maximize these properties is not bulky.A monoplanar layer of tightly bonded cellulose fibers would result in a flat, dense sheet that is strong when wet but has very low dry bulk. Typically, ways to improve dry bulk include careful selection of fibers for papermaking, matching the fibers' bonding ability with their strength properties, process settings on the papermaking machine, such as finishing or forming conditions, and the distribution of heterogeneous density zones within the sheet. Refined softwood fibers, for example, are often desirable for producing such structures due to their fiber coarseness, length, and strength. However, this fiber source is coming under increasing environmental pressure.It is therefore desirable to develop wet-laid structures with weaker, shorter, or reduced-coarseness fibers that can nevertheless be used in a structure that exhibits superior wet strength and high dry bulk. It has been surprisingly found that, despite the often undesirable properties of non-wood fibers (i.e., non-wood fibers have very different properties and behave very differently from conventional wood fibers), it is still possible to achieve high levels of wet strength and high dry bulk in a sanitary tissue product containing non-wood fibers—see, for example, [1]. Fig. 2Y, Fig. 2Z and Fig. 2AA. Durable and strong (wet)

[0132] It may be desirable for sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure, such as paper towels, to be strong when moistened while also being durable (i.e., capable of maintaining integrity during cyclical stress on the substrate, for example, during abrasion). This combination is often a contradiction due to the underlying physics. To achieve a strong paper towel, it must comprise many fibers that are strong, tightly bonded together, and treated with a chemical that protects the bond between the fibers when wet. However, a structure designed to maximize these properties will not be durable because a sheet composed of tightly bonded, millimeter-sized fibers will be rapidly stressed in a tensile test and fail at relatively low elongation values, contributing to poor durability.Opportunities for improving wet strength include careful selection of paper fibers, matching the bonding ability of the fibers with their strength properties, process settings on the papermaking machine, such as the conditions for finishing or forming, and the distribution of heterogeneous density zones in the sheet. Refined softwood fibers, for example, are suitable for the production of such structures due to their fiber coarseness, length, and strength. However, this fiber source is increasingly coming under environmental pressure. Therefore, it is desirable to develop wet-laid structures with weaker, shorter, or coarser fibers that can nevertheless be implemented in a structure that exhibits superior wet strength and durability. It has been surprisingly found that, despite the often undesirable properties of non-wood fibers (i.e.Non-wood fibers have very different properties than conventional wood fibers and behave very differently) it is still possible to achieve a high level of durability in a substrate that does not contain wood fibers - see e.g. Fig. 2BB, Fig. 2CC, Fig. 2DD and Fig. 2EE. Soft (dry) and firm (wet)

[0133] It may be desirable for sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure, such as paper towels, to be soft when dry and strong when moistened. Strength when wet facilitates soil removal. However, due to the strong fibers, dense fiber network, and required high fiber bonding, the resulting substrate is very rough when dry. Conversely, a substrate that is soft when dry has lower strength and lower coarseness fibers that are easily bonded together with plenty of space within the ply. While such a substrate feels soft and pleasant, it is very weak when wet due to the aforementioned structure and low bonding strength.Opportunities for improving dry softness include careful selection of fibers for papermaking, matching the bonding ability of the fibers with their strength properties, process settings on the papermaking machine, such as finishing or forming conditions, and the distribution of heterogeneous density zones in the sheet. Combinations of hardwood and softwood fibers are often used to achieve an appropriate balance. For example, refined softwood fibers are desirable for producing wet strength due to their high fiber coarseness, length, and strength. Hardwood fibers are desirable for improving dry softness due to their low coarseness and length. However, these fiber sources are subject to increasing environmental pressures.Therefore, it is desirable to develop wet-laid structures with weaker, shorter, or less coarse fibers that can nevertheless be implemented in a structure that exhibits superior wet strength and dry softness. It has been surprisingly found that, despite the often undesirable properties of non-wood fibers (i.e., non-wood fibers have very different properties and behave very differently compared to conventional wood fibers), it is still possible to achieve high levels of wet strength and dry softness in a substrate containing non-wood (e.g., abaca)—see, for example, [1]. Fig. 2V and Fig. 2W. Solid and durable

[0134] Because the wet-laid papermaking process differs from that of a woven substrate, there are many differences in the properties between durable substrates and sanitary tissue products. One particular difference lies in the strength and durability of durable substrates compared to sanitary tissue products: The former, which comprise woven filaments that are seemingly continuous, exhibit very high strength compared to the latter, which comprise hydrogen-bonded cellulose fibers. Directional differences in wet-laid structures are due to the hydrodynamics of continuous forming, the use of discrete fibers, and the non-isometric forces acting on the substrate during manufacturing.Often, the weaker direction of a substrate is the CD, and improving strength and elongation properties in this direction improves the overall consumer experience, as the paper towel is less susceptible to damage during use. Opportunities for improving dry strength include careful selection of fibers for papermaking, matching the bonding ability of the fibers with their strength properties, process settings on the papermaking machine, such as finishing or forming conditions, and the distribution of heterogeneous density zones in the sheet. Refined softwood fibers, for example, are suitable for producing such structures due to their fiber coarseness, length, and strength. However, this fiber source is coming under increasing environmental pressure.Therefore, it is desirable to develop wet-laid structures with weaker, shorter, or less coarse fibers that can nevertheless be used in a structure that exhibits superior strength and durability in the dry state. It has been surprisingly found that, despite the often undesirable properties of non-wood fibers (i.e., non-wood fibers have quite different properties than conventional wood fibers and behave quite differently), it is still possible to achieve high levels of strength and durability in a substrate containing non-wood—see, for example, [1]. Fig. 2M and Fig. 2N. Soft and firm

[0135] Because the wet-laid papermaking process differs from that used to produce a woven substrate, there are many differences in the properties between durable substrates and sanitary tissue products. One difference is the balance between strength and softness. Because wet-laid materials comprise fibers of approximately 5 mm or less, network strength depends on both the fiber itself and the bonding between the fibers. Fiber-to-fiber bonding is typically improved by finishing, a mechanical process that modifies the fibers. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the mechanical energy from finishing delaminates the cell walls, fibrillates the fibers from the outside, and releases hemicellulose-based gels that improve the relative bonding area between the fibers and the overall strength of the substrate.However, this increase in strength often comes at the expense of lower softness, which can be described by the tensile modulus. High tensile moduli are associated with sheets of lower softness. Furthermore, the strength of the fiber itself is usually a function of the thickness of the fiber cell wall and the fiber diameter. It has been found that non-wood fibers usually have a higher degree of external fibrillation, shorter fiber lengths, and / or lower coarseness than softwoods. A substrate comprising these fibers would therefore be expected to have a sheet with lower strength and less softness. It has surprisingly been found that, despite the often undesirable (i.e.Non-wood fibers have very different properties and behave very differently compared to conventional wood fibers) Properties of non-wood fibers it is still possible to produce a substrate that has high strength and is soft - see e.g. Fig. 1N, Fig. 2I, Fig. 20, Fig. 2P and Fig. 2Q.

[0136] Surprisingly, the inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that many of the above properties and features can be achieved by replacing conventional wood fibers with non-wood fibers. For example, replacing refined long-fiber northern and southern softwood kraft pulp with abaca may help achieve the desired strength of the fiber structure. It may be desirable to combine abaca with a sustainable hardwood (e.g., eucalyptus) that is short and coarse (i.e., stiff, capable of preventing collapse). Particularly with regard to the use of abaca for its strength properties described in this paragraph, it is desirable to prevent it from collapsing into a tightly connected, rough, thin network with little variation in pore size.It may also be desirable to form such fiber structures with fibers in patterns that include higher degrees of cushion modulation. As shown in . Fig. As shown in Figures 2A to JJ, such fiber blends and belt patterns can lead to surprisingly high dry and wet strength, thickness, and surface structure with surface softness and absorbency. This surprising result can be further enhanced by increasing the forming conditions, such as structuring the belt pattern, belt overlap, creping, and / or wire draw during pressing. The inventors believe that the long, high-chain carboxyl abaca easily bonds around the short, coarse fibers, thus maintaining strength but increasing strength, porosity, absorbency, and softness. In this way, the non-wood material (e.g., abaca) helps maximize pore size diversity to increase softness and absorbency while maintaining strength.In particular, the benefits can be better utilized by structuring band patterns with low-density regions of at least 10 mils wide, at least 20 mils wide, or at least 30 mils wide, and patterns that combine different sizes of low-density regions. The benefits can also be increased by structuring bands of fiber formation depth, also known as overlay, which utilizes the fiber length of the non-wood fiber blend. Without being bound by theory, it may be desirable for the spacing between the protrusions of the band structuring pattern to be equal to or greater than the average fiber length of the fiber blend to increase the formation of diverse pores when using non-wood materials.Furthermore, without being bound by theory, the impact angle of crepe and the tension on the spool can be used to create areas of micro-disturbance to increase the variation in bonds, pores, and sheet structure. Wet transfer or rapid transfer can also induce multiple fiber planes and orientations, helping to increase the utility of non-wood blends. Furthermore, combinations of one or all of these factors can enhance the surprising combination of substrate properties. Role properties

[0137] Large rolls have a perceived advantage on the shelf for the consumer. A larger diameter roll at a given price is usually preferred by the consumer. When the consumer unwraps and uses that roll, they also want that large roll to have just the right degree of firmness. Rolls that are too soft give the impression of inferiority; rolls that are too firm give the impression of roughness and a lack of absorbency. From a manufacturing perspective, however, a toilet tissue roll can be most cost-effectively produced with a minimal amount of fiber, while distributing that mass so effectively that the substrate still has superior strength, absorbency, and softness properties.

[0138] The morphology of bamboo fiber (high fines content, broad fiber length distribution, high coarseness, high fibrillation), along with many other non-wood fibers, results in a fiber that drains poorly and is particularly unsuitable for through-air drying machines due to the high energy costs associated with drying the resulting sheet. Therefore, the majority of bamboo-containing sheets are produced on conventional wet-press machines. These machines produce low-strength sheets that, when converted into rolls for finished products, result in either low-bulk, high-strength rolls or high-bulk, extremely soft rolls. There are a few products containing bamboo that are produced on through-air drying machines. However, these examples, when converted to a roll format, suffer from a non-consumer-friendly roll structure that has a lot of bulk yet is extremely soft.

[0139] The reason for this discrepancy between roll-to-volume strength may lie in the compression / relaxation properties of the substrate. Therefore, there is an unmet consumer need for a substrate that incorporates bamboo fibers but can be wound into rolls for finished products that are both bulky and strong.

[0140] As indicated in other parts of this disclosure, fiber structures such as sanitary tissue products may include significant amounts of eucalyptus fibers (particularly in the consumer-facing layer of a sheet) that are short, narrow, and less coarse. These properties allow for better molding into a structured fabric, affecting the density and compressibility / elasticity properties of the web. As higher proportions of non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo) are incorporated, eucalyptus fibers are replaced by longer, wider, and coarser non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo). These properties make non-wood materials such as bamboo much less susceptible to being molded into a structured fabric, resulting in less desirable properties, including, but not limited to, compression and elasticity properties.

[0141] The inventors of the present disclosure have surprisingly demonstrated that substrates and rolls comprising non-wood materials (e.g., bamboo) can be produced with good roll bulk and roll compression properties, although the introduction of non-wood materials (e.g., bamboo) results in substrates composed of coarser, more highly fibrillated fibers that are less formable due to their morphological properties. These improvements can be achieved in part by adjusting the speed of steels and screens, by varying the foreshortening at the screen-belt interface and during creping, by changing the creping geometry, and by carefully placing high- and low-density zones in the substrate.

[0142] In addition to the advantageous properties as described in the above disclosure, the novel fiber structures described herein enable the fiber structure manufacturer to wind rolls with high roll volume (e.g., greater than 4 cm 3 / g) and / or greater roll strength (e.g. between about 2.5 mm and about 15 mm) and / or lowering the percentage compressibility of the roll (low percentage compressibility, e.g. less than 10% compressibility).

[0143] "Roll volume" herein refers to the measurement of the finished product rolls. The rolls are stored for at least 24 hours in a room with controlled temperature and humidity (TAPPI conditions, approximately 23°C ± 2°C and approximately 50% ± 2% relative humidity) to equilibrate (equilibration can be monitored by measuring the roll weight every 4 hours until the mass stabilizes). If the rolls have been stored at a relative humidity above 50%, they should first be equilibrated at a relative humidity below 50% and then at TAPPI conditions - see T-402. The weight of the rolls is recorded to the nearest hundredth of a gram. The width of the rolls is measured using a ruler with a millimeter scale and recorded to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.The roll diameter is measured according to the test method included herein to determine percent roll compressibility. The roll volume (cm^3 / g) is then calculated as follows: multiplying the square of the roll radius (roll diameter (cm) / 2) by 3.14159 and by the roll width (cm), then dividing by the roll mass (g): . Roller volume (ccg) = 3.14159 ∗ (roller diameter (cm) 2 ∗ roller width (cm) ∗ roller weight (g)

[0144] The measurements are carried out with the roll core inserted. The units “cc / g” are used synonymously with “cm 3 / g" is used.

[0145] The novel rolled fiber structures (e.g., hygiene tissue products) of the present disclosure may have a rolled volume of more than about 4 cm 3 / g, more than about 5 cm 3 / g, more than about 6 cm 3 / g, more than about 7 cm 3 / g, more than about 8 cm 3 / g, more than about 9 cm 3 / g, larger than about 10 cm 3 / g, larger than about 12 cm 3 / g, larger than about 13 cm 3 / g, larger than about 14 cm 3 / g, larger than about 15 cm 3 / g, larger than about 16 cm 3 / g, larger than about 17 cm 3 / g and / or less than about 30 cm 3 / g, less than about 25 cm 3 / g, less than about 22 cm 3 / g, less than about 20 cm 3 / g and / or of about 10 cm 3 / g up to about 25 cm 3 / g, including all 0.1 steps between the specified ranges. Furthermore, reference is made to the roll volume, see Fig. 1G and Fig. 1H.

[0146] Additionally, examples of the novel rolled fiber structures described in detail herein may have a roll strength of less than about 10.5 mm, less than about 9.5 mm, less than 8.5 mm, less than about 7 mm, or from about 2.5 mm to about 15 mm and / or from about 3 mm to about 13 mm, from about 4 mm to about 10 mm and / or from about 6 to about 9 mm, particularly including all 0.1 steps between the recited ranges. Further reference to the roll strength, see Fig. 1G.

[0147] Additionally, examples of the novel fiber structures described herein may be in the form of rolled fabric products (single-ply or multi-ply), for example, as a dry fiber structure roll, and have a percent compressibility of less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4.5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, about 0%, greater than about 0.25%, greater than about 1%, from about 2.5% to about 5%, from about 3% to about 5.5%, from about 4% to about 10%, from about 4% to about 8%, from about 4% to about 7%, and / or from about 4% to about 6%, as measured according to the test method for determining percent compressibility described herein. Further reference is made to percent compressibility, see Fig. 1H.

[0148] Furthermore, the novel rolled tissue products described herein may be individually wrapped to protect the fiber structure from environmental influences during transportation, storage, and retail display. Any known methods and materials for wrapping washcloths or paper towels may be used. Further, the plurality of individual packages, whether individually wrapped or not, may be packaged together to form a package containing within it a plurality of the novel rolled tissue products described herein. The package may contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, or more rolls. For such packages, roll volume and percent compressibility may be important factors in package integrity during transportation, storage, and shelf stocking for retail sale.Furthermore, the plurality of individual packages or packages containing a plurality of the novel rolled fabrics as described herein may be palletized (i.e., organized and / or transported on a pallet). For such pallets of the novel rolled fabric products as described herein, roll volume and percent compressibility may be important factors for package integrity during transportation, storage, and retail placement.

[0149] Furthermore, a package comprising a plurality of individual rolled fabrics is contemplated, wherein at least one of the rolled fabrics has a roll volume of more than about 4 cm 3 / g or a percent compressibility of less than about 10% or less than about 8%. An example is a package made of a plurality of individual rolled webs, wherein at least one of the rolled webs has a roll volume of more than about 4 cm3 / g and a percent compressibility of less than about 10% or less than about 8%. In another example, a package comprising a plurality of individual rolled webs is contemplated, wherein at least one of the rolled webs has a roll volume of more than about 6 cm 3 / g and a percent compressibility of less than about 8% or less than about 5%.

[0150] US Publication No. 2022-0031531 discloses packages that may be desirable for containing the rolled fibrous structures of the present disclosure, including sanitary tissue products (e.g., washcloths). These packages may comprise non-wood fibers, just like the rolled fibrous structures the package contains. Examples of fiber structures

[0151] Furthermore, non-limiting examples of the novel fiber structures containing the various inventive inclusions of non-wood fibers (as described herein) may have the properties disclosed in the tables below and as described in Fig. 1A to 2JJ, and can be used to form the sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure. Note that wheat straw fibers in the tables below are never dried. The other fibers in the tables are dried once.

[0152] Tables 1 and 1a below list several inventive embodiments, in particular with detailed information on the fiber type and the percentage of incorporation into certain layers and plies: Table 1a: Towel % des gesamten Blattes Substrat Typ Proben-ID # Einzigartige Schichten Nicht-Holz Euk Weichholz Nicht-Holz FSO / WSO Handtuch Erfinderisch 9 1 Bambus 37 % 53 % 10 % FSO Handtuch Erfinderisch 10 1 Bambus 42 % 48 % 10 % FSO Handtuch Erfinderisch 11 1 Bambus 34 % 46 % 20 % FSO Handtuch Erfinderisch 12 1 Bambus 44 % 36% 20 % FSO Handtuch Erfinderisch 13 1 Bambus 31 % 40 % 30 % FSO Handtuch Inventive 14 1 bamboo 46 % 24 % 30 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 45 1 Bagasse 40 % 25 % 35 % WSO Hand towel Inventive 46 1 flax 40 % 25 % 35 % WSO Hand towel Inventive 47 1 hemp 40 % 25 % 35 % WSO Hand towel Inventive 48 1 Unbleached bamboo 40 % 25 % 35 % WSO Hand towel Inventive 49 1 Abaca 40 % 25 % 35 % WSO Hand towel Inventive 56 1 Abaca 35 % 0 % 65 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 57 1 Abaca 34 % 36% 30 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 58 1 Abaca 36% 33 % 31 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 59 1 Abaca 36% 33 % 31 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 60 1 Abaca 36 % 33 % 31 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 61 1 Abaca 35 % 0 % 65 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 62 1 Abaca 40 % 0 % 60 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 63 1 Abaca 45 % 0 % 55 % FSO Hand towel Inventive 64 1 Abaca 35 % 0 % 65 % FSO Hand towel Traditional Z02 1 40 % 60 % 0 % FSO Hand towel Traditional Z12 1 40 % 60 % 0 % WSO Hand towel Traditional Z14 1 35 % 65 % 0 % FSO Hand towel Traditional Z15 1 35 % 65 % 0 % FSO Hand towel Traditional Z16 1 35 % 65 % 0 % FSO

[0153] Table 2 below describes in detail several inventive and comparative embodiments, in particular detailing several properties for the purpose of comparing inventive and comparative embodiments (Note: Common numbers between the tables indicate the same sample): Table 2 PVD Substrat type Non-wood Sample ID Number of layers process crepe Different density Dry draft ratio 2.5 to 100 micron PVD hysteresis 2.5 to 160 micron PVD absorption 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption washcloth Comparative bamboo A 2 CWP Y N 3,9 236 621 702 washcloth Comparative bamboo B 2 CWP Y N 4,4 110 791 814 washcloth Comparative bamboo C 2 CWP Y N 2,2 139 449 561 washcloth Comparative bamboo D 3 CWP Y N 2,2 50 797 828 washcloth Comparative bamboo E 3 CWP Y N 2,8 47 633 671 washcloth Comparative bamboo F 1 UCTAD N N 1,1 42 656 667 washcloth Comparative bamboo G 2 CWP Y N 3,4 79 402 536 washcloth Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane H 2 CWP Y N 4,1 82 439 573 washcloth Comparative Wheat straw AA 3 CWP Y N 2,7 92 725 691 washcloth Comparative Wheat straw BB 4 CWP Y N 2,4 292 993 1062 washcloth Inventive bamboo 16 2 TAD Y Y 1,5 492 1095 1411 washcloth Inventive bamboo 18 2 TAD Y Y 1,5 545 1034 1373 washcloth Inventive bamboo 19 2 TAD Y Y 1,4 573 933 1453 washcloth Inventive bamboo 22 2 TAD Y Y 2 517 1173 1372 washcloth Inventive bamboo 25 2 TAD Y Y 1,2 645 1177 1444 washcloth Inventive bamboo 26 2 TAD Y Y 1,3 629 1192 1490 washcloth Traditional Z6 2 TAD Y Y 1,7 390 1132 1279 washcloth Inventive bamboo 27 2 TAD Y Y 1,4 765 967 1526 washcloth Inventive bamboo 20 2 TAD Y Y 2,1 587 1037 1352 washcloth Inventive bamboo 21 2 TAD Y Y 1,9 512 1024 1296 washcloth Inventive bamboo 21 2 TAD Y Y 1,9 482 1036 1262 washcloth Inventive bamboo 23 2 TAD Y Y 1,7 720 956 1433 washcloth Inventive bamboo 24 2 TAD Y Y 1,6 816 896 1557 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 59 2 TAD Y Y 292 785 1496 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 56 2 TAD Y Y 435 874 1618 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 57 2 TAD Y Y 362 787 1631 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 61 2 TAD Y Y 1,35 421 1060 1599 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 64 2 TAD Y Y 1,38 423 1023 1551 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 10 2 TAD Y Y 1,44 552 885 1611 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 12 2 TAD Y Y 1,41 519 835 1583 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 14 2 TAD Y Y 1,68 430 835 1561 washcloth _ Inventive Abaca 31 2 TAD Y Y 1,51 473 1296 1487 washcloth Traditional Z8 2 TAD Y Y 1,73 405 812 1088 washcloth _ Inventive Abaca 39 2 TAD Y Y 1,83 383 844 1075 Hand towel Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane U 2 CWP Y N 147 582 735 Hand towel Comparative bamboo V 2 CWP Y N 138 466 696 Hand towel Comparative bamboo W 2 CWP Y N 17 482 745 Hand towel Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane x 2 CWP Y N 133 524 689 Hand towel Comparative bamboo Y 2 CWP Y N 130 502 679 Table 2 (continued) Substrat type Non-wood Sample ID Roll volume Percentage roll compressibility Roll strength Formation Index Outside Formation Index Inside Formation Index Average Opacity (fiber layers) Fiber number range (C(n)) Fiber number range (C(I) ) washcloth Comparative bamboo A 7,1 1,24 3,38 157 171 164 4,21 714 265 washcloth Comparative bamboo B 8,3 4,81 7,52 141 130 136 4,67 779 294 washcloth Comparative bamboo C 8,4 3,07 7,03 115 113 114 3,22 550 200 washcloth Comparative bamboo D 6,1 1,54 3,09 123 116 120 6,59 762 534 washcloth Comparative bamboo E 7,7 2,22 4,50 98 103 101 4,71 805 289 washcloth Comparative bamboo F 12,5 6,36 10,55 73 67 70 4,94 815 256 washcloth Comparative bamboo G 8,0 3,76 6,15 149 142 146 2,88 502 177 washcloth Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane H 8,3 3,32 5,65 142 136 139 2,80 374 162 washcloth Comparative Wheat straw AA 10,0 2,82 8,14 111,5 110 111 6,38 714 367 washcloth Comparative Wheat straw BB 9,0 3,46 9,25 113 94 104 6,84 723 374 washcloth Inventive bamboo 16 9,0 3,88 7,83 72 72 72 8,34 895 457 washcloth Inventive bamboo 18 9,3 3,90 8,22 68 68 68 7,27 872 391 washcloth Inventive bamboo 19 9,3 4,07 7,21 64 66 65 6,89 1027 367 washcloth Inventive bamboo 22 9,4 2,88 5,27 56 57 57 8,23 923 491 washcloth Inventive bamboo 25 8,9 2,58 5,54 74 67 71 5,60 779 281 washcloth Inventive bamboo 26 10,0 3,27 6,54 69 67 68 6,07 850 291 washcloth Traditional 26 9,7 3,20 6,14 78 79 79 8,93 834 527 washcloth Inventive bamboo 27 9,8 2,99 6,23 67 65 66 5,74 806 285 washcloth Inventive bamboo 20 60 56 58 washcloth Inventive bamboo 21 washcloth Inventive bamboo 21 64 62 63 washcloth Inventive bamboo 23 69 63 66 washcloth Inventive bamboo 24 52 50 51 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 59 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 56 19,2 4,13 10,12 47 47 47 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 57 19,3 4,13 10,07 48 47 48 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 61 17,4 3,66 7,97 38 38 38 Hand towel Inventive Abaca 64 18,0 3,78 8,87 37 36 37 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 10 18,9 3,70 8,68 51 50 51 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 12 Hand towel Inventive bamboo 14 20,9 4,03 9,70 47 43 45 washcloth Inventive Abaca 31 9,3 3,33 6,83 76 76 76 washcloth Traditional Z8 12,4 4,55 8,97 74 72 73 washcloth Inventive Abaca 39 12,1 4,36 8,19 55 53 54 Hand towel Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane U 8,3 4,48 6,88 120 115,5 118 Hand towel Comparative bamboo V 10,1 4,12 6,22 99 102 100 Hand towel Comparative bamboo W 8,8 3,02 5,67 67,5 71 69 Hand towel Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane x 7,7 2,28 4,77 121 118 120 Hand towel Comparative bamboo Y 7,8 1,98 3,81 102 101 102

[0154] Tables 3 and 3a below list several inventive and comparative embodiments, in particular several inventive and comparative embodiments that go beyond the properties of Table 2 (Note: The same numbers and letters in the tables refer to the same sample): Table 3: Washcloth Sample ID type Non-wood Substrat Basis weight Increase in the bulk modulus Dry starch wet starch Peak load CD tensile strength CD stretch (dry) CD-TEA CD module 1 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,3 -7,8 22,6 190 11,4 13,2 784 2 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,9 -7,8 22,2 188 11,4 13,0 769 3 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,0 -8,1 22,6 212 11,1 14,0 900 4 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,7 -8,6 22,3 256 11,4 17,7 1120 5 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,0 -8,8 23,0 180 11,6 12,7 705 6 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,7 -8,6 22,6 181 11,9 13,3 739 7 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,3 -9,0 22,4 184 11,6 13,0 756 8 Inventive bamboo washcloth 33,0 -8,8 22,2 182 11,8 13,3 746 15 Inventive bamboo washcloth 31,2 -9,4 20,7 206 14,2 16,7 697 16 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,7 -9,7 20,6 233 12,9 17,0 870 17 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,7 -9,4 21,0 229 12,3 15,9 886 18 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,0 -8,4 20,1 194 12,2 13,4 755 19 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,8 -9,1 20,9 260 11,4 17,1 1135 20 Inventive bamboo washcloth 28,7 -6,0 22,8 166 14,5 13,7 549 21 Inventive bamboo washcloth 31,1 -5,5 23,1 179 11,8 12,0 732 22 Inventive bamboo washcloth 31,0 -5,5 23,1 171 14,4 14,1 561 23 Inventive bamboo washcloth 31,5 -5,6 23,7 223 11,3 14,1 945 24 Inventive bamboo washcloth 32,3 -5,9 24,7 177 15,2 15,6 589 25 Inventive bamboo washcloth 34,7 -5,4 23,4 247 15,0 20,8 751 26 Inventive bamboo washcloth 30,2 -4,8 21,6 225 14,9 18,8 703 27 Inventive bamboo washcloth 29,9 -6,1 21,5 194 12,5 13,6 761 28 Inventive Abaca washcloth 34,7 -9,0 24,3 264 9,6 15,2 1220 29 Inventive Abaca washcloth 33,6 -9,0 23,5 246 9,7 14,3 1149 30 Inventive Abaca washcloth 33,1 -8,7 24,1 235 11,1 15,3 897 31 Inventive Abaca washcloth 34,3 -7,7 24,1 257 10,5 16,6 1170 32 Inventive Abaca washcloth 33,0 -7,3 23,8 234 10,9 15,7 1003 33 Inventive Abaca washcloth 32,6 -9,0 24,7 234 10,3 15,2 1081 34 Inventive Abaca washcloth 24,7 -7,9 20,7 307 9,7 17,2 1261 35 Inventive Abaca washcloth 24,8 -8,0 20,9 295 9,6 16,5 1240 36 Inventive Abaca washcloth 25,1 -7,2 23,1 293 9,2 15,7 1283 37 Inventive Abaca washcloth 24,5 -8,1 22,5 254 10,4 15,7 1035 38 Inventive Abaca washcloth 24,5 -6,5 20,0 297 9,0 15,9 1396 39 Inventive Abaca washcloth 24,8 -6,7 21,6 283 10,0 17,1 1250 40 Inventive Unbleached bamboo washcloth 29,0 -4,87 21,1 149 41 Inventive hemp washcloth 28,9 -5,17 20,7 310 42 Inventive Bagasse washcloth 28,6 -4,27 20,8 198 43 Inventive Cotton washcloth 29,6 -6,10 21,4 128 44 Inventive Bleached bamboo washcloth 29,8 -5,03 23,5 385 10,5 22,4 1874 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID Peak load MD tensile strength MD stretch (dry) MD-TEA MD module Total dry tensile strength Geometric mean (GM) dry modulus Train ratio Bending stiffness-MD mg-cm Bending stiffness-CD mg-cm Average flexural stiffness mg-cm 1 297 21,5 36,9 747 487 765 1,57 2 259 19,2 29,9 747 447 758 1,38 3 293 20,7 35,3 770 505 832 1,38 4 340 20,9 41,9 897 596 1002 1,33 5 262 20,4 31,1 673 443 689 1,45 6 250 20,5 30,6 656 431 696 1,38 7 263 20,4 30,9 628 446 689 1,43 8 251 19,0 28,5 691 433 718 1,38 15 294 18,7 31,7 842 500 766 1,43 42,4 46,3 44,3 16 339 18,2 35,7 962 572 914 1,46 45,6 52,3 49,0 17 345 19,9 38,5 875 573 880 1,51 48,9 57,2 53,0 18 299 17,6 29,5 845 493 797 1,55 44,2 50,0 47,1 19 354 23,1 45,1 777 614 939 1,36 51,9 71,5 61,7 20 346 24,1 49,0 1044 512 756 2,09 225,6 94,2 159,9 21 345 22,8 43,3 877 523 801 1,93 201,9 117,8 159,9 22 339 25,8 52,5 1002 509 750 1,99 263,7 121,8 192,7 23 370 26,1 53,2 907 593 915 1,66 256,9 186,3 221,6 24 281 20,5 39,0 1310 458 878 1,59 338,1 150,2 244,1 25 295 19,5 38,4 1012 541 872 207,2 139,9 173,5 26 287 20,4 39,4 1000 512 837 221,7 138,0 179,8 27 269 29,0 45,2 636 463 693 1,39 28 363 25,5 54,3 866 627 1028 1,37 64,8 98,0 81,4 29 345 24,9 51,0 861 591 994 1,40 58,7 80,1 69,4 30 338 24,1 48,4 892 573 893 1,44 57,5 70,7 64,1 31 387 27,2 59,6 842 645 992 1,51 58,5 82,5 70,5 32 378 25,8 55,8 918 612 959 1,62 56,4 66,8 61,6 33 344 25,1 49,7 843 579 954 1,47 52,2 68,7 60,5 34 537 19,4 56,7 1348 844 1303 1,75 248,0 201,2 224,6 35 515 19,3 54,2 1320 810 1279 1,74 243,3 201,4 222,3 36 504 19,7 54,7 1298 797 1290 1,72 273,9 226,5 250,2 37 463 18,9 48,7 1272 717 1146 1,82 249,0 208,2 228,6 38 530 18,6 54,5 1447 827 1420 1,79 251,1 207,5 229,3 39 519 19,5 55,3 1335 802 1291 1,83 273,8 199,3 236,5 40 254 403 195 1,71 41 421 731 361 1,36 42 302 500 245 1,53 43 265 393 184 2,08 44 491 19,0 49,3 1236 876 435 1,28 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID CD wet tensile strength - Finch CD wet tip extension - Finch CD wet tips -TEA - Finch MD wet tensile strength - Finch MD wet tip extension - Finch MD Wet Tip TEA - Finch Total wet tensile strength - Finch Decay of total wet tensile strength - Finch SST 1 19,0 12,9 1,9 30,3 13,9 2,7 49,3 0,38 2 17,7 12,0 1,7 25,3 12,7 2,1 43,0 0,38 3 20 12,3 1,9 30 14,7 2,8 50,7 0,41 4 23 12,5 2,1 34 15,1 3,1 57,7 0,38 5 17 12,0 1,7 27 13,6 2,4 44,0 0,43 6 16 12,5 1,7 24 12,5 2,1 40,3 0,41 7 18 12,3 1,8 28 13,1 2,4 46,3 0,42 8 18 12,9 1,8 26 14,2 2,4 44,3 0,45 15 19 12,3 1,8 28 13,8 2,7 46,8 21,0 0,42 16 22 12,2 2,0 34 15,0 3,3 56,5 24,5 0,37 17 22 12,6 2,2 33 14,6 3,0 55,0 23,0 0,36 18 18 12,3 1,9 27 13,4 2,4 45,0 20,8 0,36 19 25 12,1 2,2 34 14,6 3,2 58,0 28,0 0,34 20 15 12,1 1,6 31 14,1 2,9 45,3 15,8 0,57 21 19 11,8 1,8 35 12,1 2,7 53,8 18,8 0,52 22 18 13,4 2,0 36 15,2 3,3 53,5 19,3 0,59 23 17 9,6 1,4 27 9,7 1,9 43,8 22,3 0,71 24 13 11,1 1,4 23 14,1 2,4 35,5 20,5 0,70 25 20 12,9 2,0 32 18,0 3,6 26 23 13,9 2,4 35 19,9 4,2 27 21 12,6 2,0 32 13,3 2,6 52,7 28 27 11,9 2,2 40 15,9 3,5 66,3 21,8 0,39 29 24 11,1 1,9 38 16,2 3,5 61,3 20,0 0,41 30 22 11,7 2,0 35 14,8 3,0 56,8 18,8 0,43 31 23 11,5 2,0 41 15,0 3,3 63,5 22,5 0,40 32 23 13,6 2,3 41 15,9 3,4 63,5 22,3 0,47 33 23 12,1 2,1 38 16,0 3,2 60,8 22,0 0,43 34 36 12,8 2,9 58 16,1 4,9 93,5 26,0 0,65 35 35 13,0 2,9 56 15,6 4,7 90,5 23,5 0,66 36 33 12,7 2,8 55 16,0 4,7 88,0 24,3 0,61 37 28 12,4 2,4 45 14,3 3,6 72,3 24,5 0,68 38 31 11,6 2,4 53 14,5 4,2 84,0 25,3 0,53 39 28 12,2 2,4 52 15,0 4,2 79,8 23,0 0,52 40 52 12,7 41 66 16,0 42 56 15,7 43 53 13,0 44 32 10,8 2,2 39 12,7 2,7 71 26,7 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID Batch compressibility Resilient volume Stack Compressibility x Resilient Volume TS7 average TS750 average Plate stiffness Slip-Stick CoF Average Kinetic CoF average Volume (cc / g) 1 37,0 50,8 1881 5,2 36,4 1,9 346 0,96 10,6 2 36,0 50,2 1806 5,9 38,9 2,1 353 1,01 10,5 3 40,0 51,5 2063 5,6 37,8 2,1 333 1,02 10,7 4 35,9 49,3 1771 5,9 36,0 2,2 325 0,98 10,3 5 38,5 52,5 2020 5,3 36,8 1,9 387 1,07 10,9 6 38,9 51,3 1997 5,0 35,9 2,1 290 1,00 10,5 7 39,9 52,0 2074 5,3 34,9 2,1 282 0,98 10,5 8 37,2 51,6 1918 5,0 33,5 2,0 301 1,04 10,5 15 33,8 53,0 1792 5,1 31,0 1,8 331 1,00 10,3 16 34,2 51,2 1748 5,7 35,7 1,9 373 0,94 9,9 17 33,8 51,6 1743 5,5 32,5 2,1 388 1,04 10,0 18 33,9 51,4 1742 6,0 31,2 2,0 410 1,03 9,8 19 34,9 50,7 1770 7,9 34,0 2,1 537 1,03 9,9 20 30,3 65,9 1993 9,4 19,4 3,2 404 0,94 12,4 21 30,0 62,0 1859 9,3 26,1 3,1 371 0,90 11,6 22 29,0 63,0 1828 9,6 19,9 3,6 417 0,95 11,6 23 32,1 62,9 2016 9,3 17,6 3,9 491 0,99 11,7 24 31,9 65,4 2082 10,4 15,9 4,4 534 0,96 11,9 25 29,2 58,2 1697 9,3 23,5 3,2 465 1,06 10,5 26 28,2 60,1 1695 9,4 16,2 3,3 462 1,01 11,1 27 30,1 61,4 1847 10,0 18,9 3,2 463 1,02 11,2 28 33,4 56,2 1876 6,0 41,7 2,2 391 0,95 10,9 29 33,1 56,8 1882 5,9 39,6 2,1 373 0,96 10,9 30 37,6 57,5 2159 5,4 36,8 2,3 407 1,03 11,3 31 32,2 58,3 1878 5,8 39,6 2,5 410 0,99 10,9 32 34,1 59,1 2014 5,5 35,5 2,2 437 0,99 11,2 33 34,4 60,5 2081 5,2 34,8 2,1 378 1,02 11,8 34 43,0 67,2 2887 12,6 26,3 4,9 472 0,88 13,0 35 40,6 67,9 2756 12,1 26,6 4,8 452 0,93 13,2 36 41,4 68,6 2841 12,0 27,1 5,3 443 0,87 14,3 37 35,2 64,9 2283 10,7 23,3 5,2 450 0,89 14,3 38 36,4 66,7 2427 11,4 23,9 5,0 489 0,90 12,7 39 39,1 67,6 2640 11,4 22,7 4,7 464 0,87 13,6 40 11,4 41 11,2 42 11,4 43 11,3 44 12,3 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID type Non-wood Substrat Basis weight Increase in the bulk modulus Dry starch wet starch Peak load CD tensile strength CD stretch (dry) CD-TEA CD module A.1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 17,2 -4,0 8,9 251 7,6 12,2 2119 A.2 Comparative bamboo washcloth 16,4 232 9,0 14,2 1953 B.1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 27,1 185 8,6 10,0 1308 B.2 Comparative bamboo washcloth 26,3 14,4 178 8,5 9,5 1285 E.1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 26,2 218 11,5 15,7 1188 F. 1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 23,7 -9,8 24,4 226 11,3 9,8 534 H.1 Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 20,5 11,8 151 3,4 5,8 1394 I Comparative bamboo washcloth 18,1 -4,1 12,7 172 6,8 7,1 1561 I.1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 18,2 213 5,5 7,4 2148 1.2 Comparative bamboo washcloth 18,1 -4,6 148 8,3 8,0 1128 1.3 Comparative bamboo washcloth 19,1 11,9 199 9,8 12,3 1322 J Comparative bamboo washcloth 18,0 180 5,1 5,3 1903 K Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 28,4 17,2 212 9,3 12,2 1428 M Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 27,0 17,2 411 4,8 11,6 3729 N Comparative Bamboo- washcloth 27,2 -4,3 15,0 285 9,0 16,8 2056 O Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 17,3 11,1 151 7,3 6,8 1193 p Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 27,3 23,2 340 12,0 21,7 1134 Q Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 25,7 14,0 162 6,8 6,4 1288 Q.1 Comparative bamboo washcloth 27,4 217 10,1 13,9 1392 Q.2 Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane washcloth 23,3 14,8 210 7,7 10,1 1587 AA Comparative Wheat straw washcloth 29,6 -5,2 17,8 407 7,9 18,3 2289,8 BB Comparative Wheat straw washcloth 30,2 -3,4 19,0 555 6,5 20,2 3232,9 Z01 Traditional washcloth 32,9 -7,8 23,0 216 11,8 15,4 847 Z03 Traditional washcloth 30,4 -5,9 22,6 189 10,5 11,3 860 Z06 Traditional washcloth 31,3 -5,1 22,1 198 9,4 10,6 994 Z07 Traditional washcloth 33,2 -7,9 23,4 221 10,2 13,4 964 Z08 Traditional washcloth 24,4 -8,6 20,3 298 10,6 18,2 1157 Z09 Traditional washcloth 28,6 -4,37 21,8 227 Z10 Traditional washcloth 29,4 -4,53 20,8 251 Z11 Traditional washcloth 29,8 -6,43 23,5 215 10,5 13,3 1176 Z13 Traditional washcloth 31,9 -8,7 21,1 242 12,1 16,0 914 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID Peak load MD tensile strength MD stretch (dry) MD-TEA MD module Total dry tensile strength Geometric mean (GM) dry modulus Train ratio Bending stiffness-MD mg-cm Bending stiffness-CD mg-cm Average bending stiffness mg-cm A.1 687 63,3 233,4 1011 937 1460 2,74 44,2 59,3 51,8 A.2 648 72,6 236,4 720 881 1186 2,79 B. 1 817 22,0 96,3 1735 992 1487 4,41 B.2 792 22,9 105,3 1919 970 375 4,46 79,2 68,4 73,8 E.1 708 57,0 203,1 778 926 960 3,25 F.1 248 19,4 25,8 622 475 576 1,10 112,8 40,3 76,6 H.1 617 19,7 64,7 1425 768 1409 4,10 26,7 44,7 35,7 I 445 19,6 44,0 1004 618 1252 2,58 58,9 50,9 54,9 I.1 359 22,4 51,0 1190 572 1599 1,68 I.2 332 19,4 35,8 853 480 979 2,24 30,5 46,2 38,4 I.3 659 22,4 85,3 1719 858 1497 3,31 57,2 44,8 51,0 J 722 33,7 114,5 1030 902 1389 4,02 K 935 39,2 169,6 1274 1147 1349 4,42 84,0 79,0 81,0 M 688 33,9 112,1 839 1099 1769 1,67 37,0 243,0 140,0 N 699 18,1 78,9 2444 984 2239 2,45 114,7 83,0 98,9 O 421 33,0 76,9 943 572 1061 2,79 30,0 49,0 40,0 P 194,2 76,4 135,3 Q 660 19,1 64,9 1574 822 1424 4,07 30,5 56,7 43,6 Q.1 Q.2 368 23,6 46,2 727 578 1074 1,75 65,0 89,6 77,3 AA 1111,0 14,4 83 2426 1518 2357 2,7 206,1 314,8 260,5 BB 1325,5 17,0 114 2638 1880 2920 2,4 238,4 391,8 315,1 Z01 316 22,9 40,2 698 532 769 1,46 Z03 306 22,4 39,9 892 495 875 1,62 205,8 128,7 167,3 Z06 340 25,4 46,2 741 538 858 1,72 170,5 164,9 167,7 Z07 301 23,3 42,6 816 521 886 1,36 56,5 75,3 65,9 Z08 516 19,5 54,4 1281 814 1217 1,73 234,4 183,2 208,8 Z09 336 562 276 1,48 Z10 315 566 281 1,25 Z11 344 18,8 32,0 772 559 272 1,60 Z13 331 17,4 33,3 992 572 952 1,37 46,9 59,9 53,4 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID CD wet tensile strength - Finch CD wet tip extension - Finch CD wet tips -TEA - Finch MD wet tensile strength - Finch MD wet tip extension - Finch MD Wet Tip TEA - Finch Total wet tensile strength - Finch Decay of total wet tensile strength - Finch SST A.1 11 6,1 0,73 43 15,1 3,6 53,7 A.2 10 5,6 0,63 38 15,3 3,5 48,0 B.1 8 2,8 0,37 32 5,9 1,3 39,7 B.2 7,3 2,6 0,40 21,3 5,1 0,9 28,6 E.1 6 2,4 0,40 20 8,1 1,3 26,0 F.1 13 5,1 0,77 14 12,4 1,6 27,3 19,0 H.1 6 1,6 0,37 16 5,8 0,8 21,7 I 8 3,4 0,43 13 4,4 0,7 21,3 I.1 7 2,1 0,33 13 4,2 0,6 19,7 I.2 3 0,15 8 2,0 0,4 10,5 I.3 4 0,23 11 3,5 0,5 15,0 J 8 2,1 0,27 26 5,3 1,0 34,0 K 7 2,6 0,40 25 5,9 1,1 31,3 M 18 4,3 0,67 31 6,9 1,4 48,7 N 7 3,2 0,28 17 4,0 0,6 23,8 20,3 O 5 0,30 16 6,3 0,9 21,3 P 15 7,6 1,00 48 10,6 3,1 63,3 Q 5 0,20 21 4,4 0,7 25,5 Q.1 6 2,6 0,20 22 4,8 0,9 27,3 Q.2 3 13,8 0,20 9 17,7 0,6 11,5 AA 7,4 2,5 0,3 20,3 5,3 1,0 27,7 BB 7,1 2,6 0,3 14,3 5,1 0,7 21,4 Z01 22,0 12,9 2,1 33,0 14,5 2,9 55,0 22,0 0,44 Z03 13 8,9 1,2 21 11,0 1,9 34,5 9,8 0,47 Z06 21 10,3 1,7 37 11,6 2,6 57,3 17,0 Z07 21 11,7 1,9 31 16,3 3,0 52,3 17,0 0,35 Z08 35 13,4 3,0 53 16,1 4,7 88,5 25,0 0,73 Z09 60 16,7 Z10 57 14,7 Z11 21 11,5 1,6 30 13,5 2,1 52 15,3 Z13 23 11,7 2,0 34 14,5 3,1 56,5 22,8 0,38 Table 3: Washcloth (continued) Sample ID Batch compressibility Resilient volume Stack Compressibility x Resilient Volume TS7 average TS750 average Plate stiffness Slip-Stick-ColF' average Kinetic CoF average Volume (cc / g) A.1 8,1 A.2 B.1 B.2 16,5 45,9 16,7 22,2 1,49 647 8,5 E.1 F.1 44,8 59,0 2647 14,7 51,7 3,5 675 1,00 16,1 H.1 15,6 47,5 741 15,0 25,2 1,4 587 9,0 I 11,0 I.1 I.2 I.3 9,7 J K 23,1 64,6 1492 19,8 58,3 2,3 907 9,4 M 16,3 49,8 812 15,0 25,0 1,5 625 10,0 N 17,67 45,85 810 22,2 66,9 4,12 940 1,01 8,6 0 13,3 52,6 700 26,6 30,2 1,2 741 10,0 P 31,5 53,7 1692 25,7 100,1 3,6 920 13,3 Q 10,8 34,6 374 18,5 22,4 1,1 486 8,5 Q.1 Q.2 13,6 46,1 627 15,2 23,1 1,2 543 9,9 AA 10,2 50,8 518 21,8 51,6 7,0 529 0,69 9,4 BB 17,0 47,1 807 19,9 48,1 6,2 636 0,82 9,8 Z01 35,8 52,0 1860 5,6 38,1 2,3 305 1,03 10,9 Z03 28,9 63,9 1848 8,1 21,9 2,8 327 0,92 11,6 Z06 28,2 60,5 1708 7,8 22,5 2,9 333 0,96 11,0 Z07 34,2 57,3 1958 5,8 40,8 2,2 325 0,95 11,0 Z08 44,3 68,6 3039 12,3 24,5 4,7 487 0,91 13,0 Z09 11,9 Z10 11,0 Z11 12,3 Z13 31,9 53,9 1719 5,4 35,8 2,0 303 0,92 10,3 Table 3a: Towel Sample ID type Non-wood Substrat Basis weight Increase in the bulk modulus Dry starch wet starch Peak load CD tensile strength CD stretch (dry) 9 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 35,0 -10,8 45,9 35,2 855 12,3 10 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 35,2 -11,3 47,0 34,0 871 12,2 11 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 35,1 -10,9 51,2 35,2 904 12,9 12 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 35,0 -10,8 49,9 33,8 800 14,9 13 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 34,5 -10,7 48,3 31,3 794 12,2 14 Inventive bamboo Hand towel 35,0 -11,3 50,2 34,7 723 16,3 45 Inventive Bagasse Hand towel 33,2 -8,07 32,3 29,6 644 13,5 46 Inventive flax Hand towel 33,2 -7,17 30,7 27,3 480 13,7 47 Inventive hemp Hand towel 32,7 -8,60 30,8 28,2 563 13,3 48 Inventive Unbleached bamboo Hand towel 32,6 -8,17 30,8 28,1 478 14,8 49 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,3 -7,67 29,5 24,6 499 10,3 56 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,6 -12,1 43,9 32,4 978 11,5 57 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,1 -12,4 44,3 32,3 871 10,8 58 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,3 -10,6 44,9 32,2 799 13,2 59 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,8 -10,5 44,3 33,4 1081 12,2 60 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 34,6 -10,8 44,4 32,6 1110 11,3 61 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 38,9 -11,8 49,2 30,6 1061 9,1 62 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 38,8 -12,4 49,0 32,0 961 9,9 63 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 39,2 -12,1 49,4 32,5 961 9,9 64 Inventive Abaca Hand towel 38,2 -13,4 49,9 34,3 998 10,2 R Comparative Hand towel 28,9 -4,6 24,3 8,93 311 7,2 S Comparative bamboo Hand towel 31,3 -6,9 24,1667 13,6 442 6,2 T Comparative bamboo Hand towel 27,2 -4,8 16,1667 8,3 1057 4,8 U Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane Hand towel 32,7 -5,7 20,9 11,2 720 4,7 V Comparative bamboo Hand towel 27,7 -5,7 21,8 11,5 699 6,0 W Comparative bamboo Hand towel 34,2 -5,4 25,6 13,4 509 6,3 X Comparative Bamboo / sugar cane Hand towel 30,4 -5,3 19,1 10,6 672 6,0 Y Comparative bamboo Hand towel 28,0 5,8 17,7 11,5 836 5,1 Z02 Traditional Hand towel 35,5 -11,3 46,4 35,9 935 12,7 Z12 Traditional Hand towel 33,4 -8,3 28,0 26,6 616 14,5 Z14 Traditional Hand towel 34,1 -11,5 45,2 30,6 1034 10,7 Z15 Traditional Hand towel 34,8 -11,3 47,0 34,6 1144 11,9 Z16 Traditional Hand towel 39,0 -14,2 50,3 35,2 840 11,2 Table 3a: Towel (continued) Sample ID CD-TEA CD module Peak load MD tensile strength MID stretch (dry) MD-TEA MD module Total dry tensile strength Geometric mean (GM) dry modulus Train ratio 9 55,3 2289 1250 14,8 94,4 2043 2105 2163 1,46 10 56,3 2460 1250 16,3 104,3 1949 2121 2189 1,44 11 62,2 2434 1272 16,6 106,7 1893 2176 2146 1,41 12 66,0 2305 1131 16,0 94,4 2020 1931 2157 1,41 13 51,3 2349 1129 15,8 90,9 1866 1923 2093 1,42 14 65,0 1998 1218 15,5 98,8 2247 1942 2118 1,68 45 44,9 1970 587 18,7 56,7 1190 1231 615 0,91 46 33,8 1266 639 17,9 57,1 1116 1119 554 1,33 47 38,5 1605 733 18,8 68,5 1281 1295 642 1,30 48 38,5 1526 570 17,6 54,0 1311 1047 522 1,19 49 28,7 1982 813 16,1 65,3 1490 1312 637 1,63 56 65,7 3500 1705 15,2 131,7 2470 2683 2941 1,74 57 53,0 3229 1418 13,4 96,8 2482 2289 2831 1,63 58 60,5 2273 1292 17,8 112,9 1446 2090 1812 1,62 59 75,7 3234 1720 18,4 152,9 1868 2800 2457 1,59 60 70,9 3442 1600 18,2 144,7 1883 2771 2545 1,44 61 47,1 2842 1428 13,0 90,2 2269 2489 2539 1,35 62 47,0 2511 1338 13,1 88,4 2433 2300 2472 1,39 63 48,4 2601 1277 13,6 86,8 2226 2238 2407 1,33 64 51,1 2403 1377 13,4 92,1 2227 2375 2313 1,38 R 14,3 2653 773 12,6 51,1 2782 1084 2717 2,49 S 16,5 3280 1731 17,8 154,5 3367 2174 3323 3,9 T 30,8 9159 2062 22,7 244,9 4301 3119 6276 2,0 U 21,0 6481 1384 28,7 200,3 2248 2104 3808,6 1,9 V 24,3 4333 1786 35,9 284,3 1949 2485 2876,0 2,6 W 18,6 2876 1797 20,0 167,3 2654 2306 2762,7 3,5 X 22,5 4313 1535 30,1 252,6 2540 2207 3289,2 2,3 Y 25,0 6121 2291 27,7 286,9 3184 3127 4409,6 2,7 Z02 63,1 2553 1373 14,7 102,5 2069 2308 2295 1,47 Z12 46,3 1727 767 19,7 76,6 1285 1383 687 1,24 Z14 60,1 3439 1368 12,9 86,1 2305 2401 1189 1,32 Z15 73,6 3034 1525 18,6 136,8 1653 2669 1321 1,33 Z16 46,8 1936 1309 12,9 84,2 2535 2149 2215 1,56 Table 3a: Towel (continued) Sample ID Bending stiffness-MD mg-cm Bending stiffness-CD mg-cm Average flexural stiffness mg-cm L A B Lint - outside Lint - Average HFS g / sht HFS g / g 9 922,9 1356,5 1139,7 55,4 23,9 10 902,2 1447,7 1174,9 56,5 23,7 11 1091,1 1616,1 1353,6 52,5 22,0 12 1382,6 1478,7 1430,6 56,4 25,0 13 964,7 1438,3 1201,5 55,9 25,4 14 1361,6 1420,2 1390,9 54,7 24,8 45 1,5 92,3 23,6 46 1,7 88,8 23,5 47 1,5 90,7 24,3 48 1,6 95,0 25,3 49 2,6 81,5 20,9 56 744,1 1209,5 977 52,4 22,8 57 727,1 1003,3 865 53,7 23,7 58 717 51,2 22,4 59 1091 51,5 22,0 60 1073 49,2 21,5 61 845,7 1259,7 1052,7 92,0 -0,5 5,8 57,5 22,2 62 865,8 1077,4 971,6 92,2 -0,6 5,8 58,3 22,9 63 817,6 1162,2 989,9 92,6 -0,6 5,6 59,6 22,7 64 755,7 1004,8 880,2 92,0 -0,6 5,8 56,5 22,2 R 32,0 10,6 s 670,9 693,5 682,2 23,0 12,4 T 242,0 617,0 429,5 20,8 11,3 U 167,0 591,1 379,0 40,6 12,8 V 213,3 754,2 483,7 27,8 15,1 w 350,7 486,6 418,6 23,7 11,5 X 280,5 575,4 427,9 26,7 12,6 Y 279,5 692,6 486,1 23,3 12,3 Z02 966,5 1683,6 1325,0 58,6 24,0 Z12 1,8 85,0 22,9 Z14 678,5 1203,8 941,2 54,6 24,5 Z15 1342 52,9 23,4 Z16 765,8 824,4 795,1 94,17 -0,83 3,1 59,9 23,0 Table 3a: Towel (continued) Sample ID VFS g / sht VFS g / g CRT capacity g / g CRT capacity g / inch CRT rate g / s Residual water (in %) Wet burst strength Wet burst strength / Total dry tensile strength SST 9 22,1 9,6 22,0 0,8 0,93 2,7 488 0,232 2,06 10 21,1 8,9 21,8 0,8 0,87 2,8 455 0,214 2,09 11 21,1 8,8 22,2 0,8 0,89 3,4 521 0,239 2,19 12 21,7 9,6 22,9 0,8 0,93 3,1 506 0,262 2,35 13 21,1 9,6 22,1 0,8 0,83 3,3 443 0,231 2,10 14 21,0 9,5 23,4 0,9 0,84 3,8 503 0,259 2,40 45 37,9 9,7 21,1 0,51 273 0,222 46 36,6 9,7 21,0 0,38 292 0,261 47 37,0 9,9 20,2 0,44 320 0,247 48 39,1 10,4 21,6 0,47 233 0,223 49 40,2 10,3 17,2 0,38 307 0,234 56 21,2 9,2 19,0 0,67 0,58 2,5 692 0,258 1,69 57 19,9 8,8 19,6 0,69 0,62 2,6 553 0,242 1,80 58 20,9 9,1 18,9 0,67 0,60 2,5 481 0,230 1,58 59 20,6 8,8 18,6 0,67 0,58 2,7 634 0,226 1,67 60 20,0 8,7 18,3 0,65 0,57 2,7 533 0,192 1,61 61 24,0 9,2 0,8 0,7 1,6 580 0,233 2,01 62 23,6 9,3 0,8 0,7 1,7 539 0,234 2,06 63 24,6 9,4 0,8 0,7 1,8 558 0,249 1,98 64 23,7 9,3 0,8 0,8 1,7 565 0,238 1,99 R 14,1 4,7 50 0,046 S 9,5 5,2 7,1 0,23 0,24 5,33 176,7 0,081 T 9,0 4,9 5,4 0,15 0,13 12,1 98,3 0,032 U 18,4 5,8 7,2 0,2 0,2 5,1 64,2 0,031 0,26 V 12,1 6,6 8,4 0,2 0,2 3,8 105,9 0,043 0,29 W 9,5 4,6 6,3 0,2 0,3 3,8 172,9 0,075 0,38 X 12,1 5,7 8,0 0,3 0,2 3,8 60,6 0,027 0,27 Y 11,4 6,0 7,7 0,2 0,2 6,4 93,4 0,030 0,27 Z02 22,6 9,3 22,3 0,8 0,89 2,5 497 0,215 2,07 Z12 37,9 10,2 19,6 0,39 282 0,204 Z14 21,0 9,4 18,5 0,64 0,66 2,8 488 0,203 1,73 Z15 20,3 8,9 19,2 0,68 0,68 2,8 492 0,184 1,72 Z16 24,1 9,3 0,84 0,94 2,19 414 0,193 2,34 Table 3a: Towel (continued) Sample ID Batch compressibility Resilient volume Stack Compressibility x Resilient Volume TS7 average TS750 average Plate stiffness Slip-Stick CoF Average Kinetic CoF average Volume (cc / g) 9 70,6 100,4 7086 18,3 43,6 12,5 964 0,99 20,5 10 71,6 100,8 7218 17,8 43,0 13,8 812 0,94 20,8 11 76,9 108,6 8354 19,3 41,5 15,9 810 0,94 22,8 12 75,4 107,9 8140 19,9 45,0 15,2 766 0,91 22,3 13 69,8 97,6 6812 20,2 43,3 13,5 827 0,94 21,9 14 71,6 105,0 7514 20,3 49,7 15,2 808 0,90 22,4 45 15,2 46 14,4 47 14,7 48 14,8 49 13,4 56 73,4 96,7 7098 16,6 49,3 11,3 1329 1,311 19,8 57 72,3 99,9 7223 18,1 49,8 11,2 1034 1,129 20,3 58 68,8 97,1 6680 17,9 43,95 10,2 1227 1,181 20,4 59 66,6 99 6593 20,52 52,89 13,2 872 1,06 19,9 60 67,3 96,9 6521 19,53 50,82 13,6 1117 1,059 20,0 61 80,2 92,4 7415 12,50 47,46 14,0 932 1,247 19,7 62 80,6 91,5 7375 11,94 45,20 13,5 990 1,240 19,7 63 74,1 91,7 6792 12,66 50,83 13,2 910 1,140 19,7 64 79,9 92,5 7388 12,97 44,31 13,1 892 1,154 20,4 R 13,1 S 12,0 T 9,3 U 35,1 43,6 1533 25,86 95,12 6,6 573 0,732 V 30,9 51,4 1588 32,97 132,16 7,0 808 0,754 W 40,6 56,2 2282 30,51 242,26 11,1 711 0,728 X 27,3 42,4 1158 34,39 113,71 6,8 679 0,741 Y 22,5 47,0 1057 24,74 87,06 7,6 764 0,749 Z02 72,7 97,8 7115 17,3 45,9 14,3 812 0,95 20,4 Z12 13,1 Z14 68,3 101,2 6913 15,7 62,2 11,6 899,0 1,17 20,7 Z15 71 106,3 7547 19,5 53,67 14,0 1071 1,023 21,1 Z16 80,3 86,2 6918 13,62 41,17 11,7 845 1,053 20,2 Table 3a: Towel (continued) Sample ID Total wet tensile strength Geometric mean wet tensile strength (38.1 g / in) MD wet tensile strength CD wet tensile strength MD wet peak expansion CD wet peak expansion MID-Wet Tip TEA CD wet tip TEA MD wet modulus (38.1 g / in) CD wet module (38.1 g / inch) 9 723 401 424 299 23,2 18,4 37,5 22,9 380 423 10 730 404 419 311 23,0 19,3 37,4 25,3 389 420 11 770 395 451 319 24,0 19,2 40,6 25,7 372 420 12 738 370 428 310 23,5 22,6 38,5 29,8 375 364 13 713 390 423 290 22,9 19,3 36,0 23,9 374 406 14 774 347 472 302 24,6 24,8 43,5 32,2 359 335 45 46 47 48 49 56 854 464 555 299 21,7 17,6 45,6 24,5 428 502 57 782 440 491 291 21,3 18,9 38,4 26,2 420 460 58 704 390 440 263 24,7 21,7 38,5 28,7 363 420 59 979 442 606 373 24,1 19,3 48,9 34,4 382 512 60 914 459 526 388 24,6 17,2 46,9 29,7 380 554 61 936 569 534 402 18,8 13,8 37,5 24,5 502 646 62 858 525 489 370 19,0 15,7 34,9 26,6 477 578 63 838 521 481 357 20,0 15,4 36,5 24,7 473 574 64 826 522 474 352 18,7 15,3 33,4 23,8 484 563 R S T U 232 421 144,8 87,6 14,1 8,8 8,5 3,9 325,5 544,4 V 295 385 194,0 101,1 17,8 11,4 14,2 6,4 306,9 481,8 W 426 494 332,0 93,8 15,4 10,8 20,0 5,7 519,8 470,2 X 205 336 135,5 69,5 16,6 8,2 9,9 3,0 255,3 443,0 Y 303 498 196,4 107,1 15,1 9,6 12,8 5,7 405,3 611,2 Z02 733 420 431 303 21,6 18,9 36,2 24,8 416 424 Z12 Z14 Z15 791 425 450 341 21,5 17,1 33,7 26,0 362 500 Z16 660 450 390 270 18,0 16,3 25,9 18,7 452 447

[0155] Table 4 below provides details on the fiber morphology of the fibers used in the fiber structures of the present disclosure (Note: Common numbers between tables indicate the same sample). In Table 4, the fiber count (length average, millions / g) is calculated from the length-weighted fiber average and coarseness using the following equation (where L(n) has units of mm / fiber and coarseness has units of mg / m): Fiber count = 1 / (L(n) x coarseness). The fiber count (number average, millions / g) is calculated from the length-weighted fiber average and coarseness using the following equation (where L(n) has units of mm / fiber and coarseness has units of mg / m): Fiber count = 1 / (L(n) x coarseness). Table 4 fiber Description Sample IDs Length-weighted fiber length L(1) Fiber width (micrometers) Cell wall thickness (micrometers) Grobheit (mg / m 3 ) L / W Fiber count (million / g) Average Number of fibers (million / g) Length average instrument bamboo Bleached 1 to 19 1,42 18,7 0,170 76 11,5 4,14 Valmet FS5 bamboo Bleached 20 to 24 1,51 19,0 0,200 BO 14,0 3,31 Valmet FS5 bamboo Bleached 5-27, 50-5' 1,54 19,4 0,210 BO 13,5 3,09 Valmet FS5 bamboo Unbleached 1,51 19,1 0,204 79 13,5 3,25 Valmet FS5 hemp Bleached 1,26 23,9 6,66 0,216 53 10,1 3,67 Valmet FS5 hemp Unbleached 1,26 25,5 5,09 0,211 49 10,4 3,76 Valmet FS5 Bagasse Bleached 0,92 18,5 3,27 0,094 50 30,3 11,51 Valmet FS5 Abaca Bleached 28 to 39 2,55 22,5 5,46 0,170 114 7,5 2,31 Valmet FS5 NSK 1-39, 50-55 2,21 22,9 4,2 0,153 96 5,6 2,96 Valmet FS5 SSK 2,38 27,5 5,2 0,246 87 4,3 1,71 Valmet FS5 Euk 1-39, 50-55 0,72 15,7 3,0 0,060 46 39,4 23,31 Valmet FS5 Wheat straw h Never dried 0,839 20,69 41 14,3 5,30 Valmet FS5 bamboo Unbleached 40,48 0,88 16,7 7,3 53 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory bamboo Unbleached 0,88 16,4 7,3 0,099 54 18,1 11,48 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory bamboo Bleached 44 0,93 19,8 7,7 47 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory NSK 2,24 24,7 6,9 0,162 91 2,75 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory SSK 2,29 29,1 8,2 0,250 78 1,75 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory SSK 2,40 28,3 11,9 0,308 85 3,7 1,35 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory hemp 41 0,96 19,0 7,1 0,101 51 17,7 10,31 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory Abaca 49 3,13 19,3 7,8 0,185 162 4,8 1,73 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory Bagasse 42,45 0,96 19,0 7,1 0,101 51 15,4 10,31 Kajaani Fiber Laboratory Bamboo (edulis) bamboo 1,23 8,4 0,105 146 7,72 Kajaani FS-100 or FS-200 Bamboo (vulgaris) bamboo 2,09 10,9 0,104 192 4,61 Kajaani FS-100 or FS-200 Bamboo (nigra) bamboo 1,65 9,0 0,109 183 5,59 Kajaani FS-100 or FS-200 bamboo 1,3 0,092 8,39 Frequently Asked Questions

[0156] Table 5 below lists the PVD data of the fiber structures of the present disclosure (like numbers in the tables indicate the same sample): Table 6 BWCT Tear length Fiber length [L(1)] - FS5 Breaking length / fiber length (breaking length ratio) fiber Never dried before? g / inch kN / m m mm micron m / micron Wheat straw Y 1857 0,717 2725 0,839 839 3,25 Bagasse N 1132 0,437 1661 0,924 924 1,80 hemp N 915 0,353 1343 1,26 1260 1,07 Abaca N 712 0,275 1045 2,55 2550 0,41 bamboo N 461 0,178 676 1,51 1510 0,45 acacia N 558 0,215 819 0,722 722 1,13 SSK N 485 0,187 712 2,38 2380 0,30 NSK N 821 0,317 1205 2,205 2205 0,55 Euk N 428 0,165 628 0,715 715 0,88 Example 1 for paper production:

[0157] An example of fiber structures according to the present disclosure can be produced using a papermaking machine as described above with regard to Fig. 6A and manufactured according to the method described below: A 3% Nordic softwood kraft pulp (NSK) slurry is produced in a conventional repulper. The NSK slurry is gently refined, and a 2% solution of a permanent wet strength resin (i.e., Cymene 5221, distributed by Solenis Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware) is added to the NSK feed line at a rate of 1% by weight of the dry fibers. The Kymene 5221 is added as a wet strength additive. The absorption of Kymene 5221 at the NSK is enhanced by a pipe mixer. A 1% solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (i.e., FinnFix 700, distributed by CP Kelco US Inc. of Atlanta, GA) is added after the pipe mixer at a rate of 0.2% by weight of the dry fibers to increase the dry strength of the fibrous substrate. A 3% aqueous pulp of non-wood pulp (e.g. bamboo, abaca, etc.) is produced in a conventional repulper.The non-wood pulp is gently refined, and a 2% solution of a permanent wet strength resin (i.e., Kymene 5221, distributed by Solenis Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware) is added to the non-wood feedstock at a rate of 1% of the dry fiber weight. Kymene 5221 is added as a wet strength additive. The adsorption of Kymene 5221 to non-wood pulp is enhanced by a tube mixer. A 1% solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (i.e., FinnFix 700, distributed by CP Kelco US Inc. in Atlanta, GA) is added after the tube mixer at a rate of 0.2% of the dry fiber weight to increase the dry strength of the fibrous substrate. A 3% hardwood eucalyptus fiber pulp is produced in a conventional repulper. A 1% defoamer solution (e.g.BuBreak 4330 from Buckman Labs, Memphis TS) the eucalyptus fiber feedstock is added at a rate of 0.25% of the weight of the dry fibers and adsorption is enhanced by a tube mixer.

[0158] The NSK, non-wood, and eucalyptus fibers are combined in the headbox in various ratios and homogeneously deposited on a wire at a first speed V1 to form an embryonic web. The web is then transferred in the transfer zone from the forming wire of the wire at a fiber consistency of about 15% to the papermaking belt, with the papermaking belt moving at a second speed V2. The papermaking belt has a pattern of raised portions (i.e., knuckles) extending from a reinforcing member, the raised portions defining either a plurality of discrete or one continuous / substantially continuous diverter conduit portion, as described herein, particularly with reference to a mask such as Fig.5. Transfer occurs in the transfer zone without significant web compaction. The web is then advanced at the second speed V2 on the papermaking belt along a loop in contact with a transfer head located in the transfer zone. The second speed is approximately 1% to approximately 40% slower than the first speed V1. Since the speed of the wire is higher than that of the papermaking belt, moistening and thus shortening of the web occurs at the transfer point. For example, the second speed V2 can be approximately 0% to approximately 5% faster than the first speed V1.

[0159] Further dewatering is achieved by vacuum-assisted drainage until the web has a fiber consistency of approximately 15% to 30%. The patterned web is pre-dried by blowing air through it, i.e., through-air drying (TAD). The web is then adhered to the surface of a Yankee dryer with a sprayed creping adhesive comprising a 0.25% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The fiber consistency is increased to an estimated 95% to 97% prior to dry-creping the web with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of approximately 45 degrees and is positioned with respect to the Yankee dryer to provide an impact angle of approximately 101 degrees. This position of the squeegee allows an appropriate force to be applied to the substrate to remove it from the Yankee while minimally disturbing the previously created structure of the web.The dried web is wound onto a take-up roll (also called a parent roll), with the surface of the take-up roll moving at a fourth speed, V4, which is faster than the third speed, V3, of the Yankee dryer. By winding at a fourth speed, V4, which is approximately 1% to 20% faster than the third speed, V3, some of the foreshortening provided by the creping step is "pulled out," sometimes referred to as "positive draw," so the paper is more stable for all further paper converting operations. In other examples, a "negative draw," as it is known in the art, is also considered.

[0160] Two layers of the web can be formed into paper towel products by embossing and lamination using PVA adhesive. The paper towel has a basis weight of approximately 53 g / m² 2and contains 0 to 65 wt% Nordic softwood kraft pulp, 0 to 100 wt% non-wood fibers, and 0 to 50 wt% eucalyptus pulp suspension. The sanitary tissue product is soft, flexible, and absorbent. Example 2 for paper production

[0161] An example of fiber structures according to the present disclosure can be produced using a papermaking machine as described above with regard to Fig. 6A and manufactured according to the method described below: An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus fibers (bleached hardwood kraft pulp from Suzano Papel e Celulose in Brazil) is prepared using a conventional pulper at a fiber content of approximately 3% and then transferred to a hardwood fiber storage chest. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood storage chest is pumped through a storage line to a hardwood vane pump, where the consistency of the slurry is reduced from approximately 3% fiber by weight to approximately 0.15% fiber by weight. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and distributed into the upper chamber of a multi-layer, three-chamber headbox of a Fourdrinier fiber structure manufacturing apparatus.

[0162] Additionally, an aqueous slurry of eucalyptus fibers (bleached hardwood kraft pulp from Suzano Papel e Celulose in Brazil) with a fiber weight fraction of approximately 3% is prepared using a conventional pulper and then transferred to a hardwood fiber storage chest. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood storage chest is pumped through a storage line and mixed with the aqueous slurry of Nordic softwood kraft pulp (NSK) described in the next paragraph to a vane pump, where the consistency of the slurry is reduced from approximately 1.5% of fiber weight to approximately 0.15% of fiber weight. The 0.15% eucalyptus / NSK slurry is then pumped and distributed into the middle and lower chambers of a multi-layer, three-chamber headbox of a Fourdrinier fiber structure manufacturing apparatus.

[0163] Additionally, an aqueous slurry of NSK (Nordic hardwood kraft pulp) fibers with a fiber weight fraction of approximately 3% is prepared using a conventional pulper and then transferred to a softwood fiber storage chest. The NSK fiber slurry from the softwood storage chest is pumped through a storage line to be refined to a CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) value of approximately 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then blended with the 1.5% aqueous eucalyptus fiber slurry (as described in the previous paragraph) and fed to a vane pump, where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from approximately 3% fiber weight to approximately 0.15% fiber weight. The 0.15% eucalyptus / NSK slurry is then fed into and distributed in the middle and lower chambers of a multi-layer, three-chamber headbox of a Fourdrinier fiber structure manufacturing device.

[0164] Additionally, an aqueous slurry of non-wood fibers (e.g., bamboo, abaca, etc.) containing approximately 1.5 to 3% fiber by weight is prepared using a conventional pulper and then transferred to a non-wood fiber storage chest. The non-wood fiber slurry from the non-wood fiber storage chest is pumped through a storage line to a refiner, where it is gently refined to a degree corresponding to the desired strength at the paper machine roll. The non-wood solution is then transported through a storage line to a vane pump, where the slurry consistency is reduced from approximately 3% fiber by weight to approximately 0.15% fiber by weight. The 0.15% non-wood slurry is then pumped into and distributed among the upper and / or middle and / or lower chambers of a layered, three-chamber headbox of a Fourdrinier fiber structure manufacturing apparatus.

[0165] To impart temporary wet strength to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of a temporary wet strength additive (e.g. Fennorez commercially available from Kemira) is added. ® 91) and added to the NSK or non-wood or eucalyptus fiber feedstock in an amount sufficient to provide 0.25% temporary wet strength additive, based on the dry weight of the fibers. Absorption of the temporary wet strength additive is enhanced by passing the treated slurry through a tube mixer.

[0166] The fiber structure manufacturing device comprises a layered headbox with an upper chamber, a middle chamber, and a lower chamber, with the chambers directly feeding the forming wire (fourdrinier wire). The 0.15% eucalyptus fiber pulp is fed into the upper chamber of the headbox. Alternatively, a non-wood fiber pulp can be fed into the upper chamber of the headbox. The NSK / eucalyptus, NSK / non-wood fiber, non-wood fiber / eucalyptus, or non-wood fiber pulp is fed into the middle and lower chambers of the headbox.All three fiber layers are applied simultaneously in superimposed relationship to the wire to form a three-layer embryonic fiber structure (web), of which approximately 40% of the top surface consists of eucalyptus and / or non-wood fibers, and approximately 60% of the sheet may consist of various blends of non-wood, NSK, and eucalyptus fibers directed toward the middle and bottom layers. Dewatering occurs through the wire and is assisted by a baffle plate and forming table vacuum boxes. The wire is a Legent 866A Dual Layer (0.11 mm × 0.18 mm, Asten Johnson). The wire speed is approximately 800 feet per minute (fpm).

[0167] The embryonic moist fiber structure is transferred from the fourdrinier wire with a fiber consistency of approximately 18 to 22% at the transfer point to a 3D patterned, continuous ankle belt with through-air drying, as in Fig.3. The speed of the 3D-patterned through-air drying belt is 800 feet per minute (fpm), which is the same as the fourdrinier wire speed. The 3D-patterned through-air drying belt is designed to produce a fiber structure comprising a pattern of continuous, high-density knuckle regions oriented at an angle of approximately 75 degrees to the cross-direction. Each continuous, high-density knuckle region, oriented at an angle of approximately 75 degrees to the cross-direction, is separated by a discrete, low-density knuckle region oriented at an angle of approximately 75 degrees to the cross-direction. This 3D-patterned through-air drying belt is manufactured by casting a layer of an impermeable resin surface of a continuous knuckle onto a fiber mesh backing fabric. The backing fabric is a 98 × 52 filament mesh with two layers.The thickness of the resin cast is approximately 12.0 mils protruding from the support fabric. Alternatively, the drying fabric is designed to provide a pattern of substantially machine-direction oriented linear channels with a continuous network of high-density regions (knuckles). This drying fabric is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface onto a fiber mesh support fabric. The support fabric is a 98 × 52 filament mesh with two layers. The thickness of the resin cast is approximately 12 mils protruding from the support fabric. The area of ​​the continuous network is approximately 40 percent of the surface area of ​​the drying fabric.

[0168] Furthermore, the fiber structure is dewatered by vacuum-assisted dewatering until the fiber structure has a fiber consistency of approximately 20% to 30%.

[0169] While the fiber structure remains in contact with the 3D-patterned through-air drying belt, it is pre-dried by blowing air through it in pre-dryers to a consistency of approximately 50 to 65 wt.%.

[0170] After the pre-dryers, the semi-dry fiber structure is transferred to a Yankee dryer and adhered to the surface of the Yankee dryer with a sprayed creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with active ingredients consisting of approximately 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-44) and approximately 20% CREPETROL. ® 5688. CREPETROL ® 5688 is commercially available from Solenis. The creping adhesive is applied to the Yankee surface at a rate of approximately 0.10 to 0.20% adhesive solids, based on the dry weight of the fiber structure. The fiber consistency is increased to approximately 96 to 98% before the fiber structure is dry-creped from the Yankee cylinder with a doctor blade.

[0171] The doctor blade has a bevel angle of approximately 15 to 25° and is positioned with respect to the Yankee dryer to provide an impact angle of approximately 71 to 81°. The Yankee dryer operates at a temperature of approximately 275 to 350°F and a speed of approximately 800 fpm. The fiber structure is wound onto a roll (parent roll) using a surface-driven drum at a surface speed of approximately 550 to 700 fpm.

[0172] Two parent rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted into a sanitary tissue product by placing the roll of fibrous structure into an unwind stand. The two parent rolls are converted with the low-density cushion side facing out. Alternatively, they can be converted with the high-density ankle side facing out. The line speed is 550 ft / min. One parent roll of fibrous structure is unwound and conveyed to an embossing station where the fibrous structure is tensioned to form the embossed pattern in the fibrous structure through a 19.05 mm (0.56 in) pressure roll nip and is then combined with the fibrous structure from the other parent roll to form a multi-ply (2-ply) sanitary tissue product. Approximately 0.5% of a proprietary quaternary amine softener is added on top of the multi-ply sanitary tissue product.Approximately 0.5% of a proprietary quaternary amine softener may also be added to the underside of the multi-ply sanitary tissue product. The multi-ply sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound onto a core to form a log. The log of multi-ply sanitary tissue product is then transported to a log saw where the log is cut into the finished multi-ply sanitary tissue product rolls. The molded part used to manufacture the multi-ply sanitary tissue product in this example has the dimensions shown in Table 4 of U.S. Serial No. 17 / 238,527, filed on April 23, 2021, and assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Example 3 for paper production

[0173] Abaca and eucalyptus are pulped individually to a consistency of approximately 3% and a pulping time of 2 minutes. The abaca pulp is gently refined, and a 2% solution of a permanent wet strength resin (i.e., Kymene 5221, distributed by Solenis Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware) is added to the softwood stock at a rate of 1% by weight of the dry fibers. Kymene 5221 is added as a wet strength additive. The adsorption of Kymene 5221 to abaca is enhanced by a tube mixer. A 1% solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (i.e., FinnFix 700, distributed by CP Kelco US Inc. of Atlanta, Georgia) is added after the tube mixer at a rate of 0.2% by weight of the dry fibers to increase the dry strength of the fibrous substrate. A 1% defoamer solution (e.g.Wicket 1285 from Ivanhoe Industries, Zion, IL) is added to the eucalyptus feed line at a rate of 0.25% of the dry weight of the fibers and adsorption is enhanced by a tube mixer.

[0174] The abaca and eucalyptus fibers are combined in the headbox at a ratio of 65% abaca and 35% eucalyptus and deposited onto a wire that runs 10% faster than the following structuring papermaking belt. The web is transferred to the structuring papermaking belt at approximately 20% solids at the transfer point under a vacuum of approximately 14 inches Hg. The web then loops around the papermaking belt, passes through a pre-dryer, and dries to a consistency of 75%. The web is then pressed and bonded using pressure and chemicals to the Yankee dryer cylinder, which is sprayed with a creping adhesive comprising a 0.25% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The fiber consistency is increased to an estimated 97% before the web is dry creped with a doctor blade.The doctor blade has a bevel angle of approximately 45 degrees and is positioned relative to the Yankee dryer to provide an impact angle of approximately 101 degrees. This position of the doctor blade allows for adequate force to be applied to the substrate to remove it from the Yankee while minimally disrupting the previously created web structure. The web passes through a stack with nips to flatten the web and reduce its thickness by approximately 10% before the dried web is wound onto a take-up roll (also called a mother roll). The surface of the take-up roll moves at approximately the same speed as the Yankee dryer. Example 4 for paper production

[0175] Like example 3 for paper production, except: Abacá is not refined (as opposed to “gently refined”). Example 5 for paper production

[0176] As in Papermaking Examples 3 and / or 4, except that the headbox deposits a composition of 40% eucalyptus and 60% abaca on the wire (as opposed to "headbox containing a proportion of 65% abaca and 35% eucalyptus deposited on a wire..."). Example 6 for paper production

[0177] As in Papermaking Examples 3 and / or 4, except that the headbox applies a composition of 45% eucalyptus and 55% abaca to the wire (as opposed to "headbox containing a proportion of 65% abaca and 35% eucalyptus applied to a wire..."). Example 7 for paper production

[0178] As in papermaking example 3, except: NSK and SSK in a ratio of 75% NSK / 25% SSK are repulped at 3%, gently refined, and mixed with Kymene and CMC, with the weight percentages corresponding to those of the abaca stream. The headbox applies a composition of 40% eucalyptus, 50% abaca, and 10% NSK / SSK to the wire. Example 8 for paper production

[0179] As in Papermaking Examples 3 and / or 4, except that the headbox applies a composition of 40% eucalyptus, 20% abaca and 40% NSK / SSK to the wire. Example 9 for paper production

[0180] Each of Examples 3 to 8 for making paper, further using the papermaking belt(s) described in U.S. Publication No. 2021-0140115. Example 10 for paper production

[0181] Each of Examples 3 to 8 for making paper, further using the papermaking belt(s) described in U.S. Publication No. 2020-0181848. Example 11 for paper production

[0182] Each of the papermaking examples 3 to 10, where the wire moves 21% faster than the subsequent papermaking structuring belt. Example 12 for paper production

[0183] Each of Examples 3 to 11 for papermaking wherein the texturing tape has a fiber formation depth of 30 mils. Example 13 for paper production

[0184] Each of Examples 3 to 11 for papermaking wherein the texturing tape has a fiber formation depth of 25 mils. Example 14 for paper production

[0185] Any of Examples 3 to 13 for making paper, wherein the substrate is embossed and laminated into a finished two-ply fibrous structure, perforated to form sheets, and wound onto a core. Example 15 for paper production

[0186] Each of the papermaking examples 1 and 2, except: The headbox discharges a 100% bamboo composition onto the screen. Arrangements of the present disclosure

[0187] Sanitary tissue products within the scope of the present disclosure may be packaged in packages comprising sustainable materials (e.g., paper, recycled (recyclable) plastic, corrugated cardboard, plant-based plastic, etc.) and displayed together with other packages comprising sanitary tissue products as array(s) - see, for example, "Sanitary Tissue Products and Arrays Comprising Non-Wood Fibers," filed June 17, 2022, under Attorney Docket No. 16297P, and September 16, 2022, under Attorney Docket No. 16297P2, both by The Procter & Gamble Company and both with Katherine Schwerdtfeger as the first-named inventor, for details on the various arrays for which sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may be used and packages in which sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may be contained.Furthermore, packages comprising sanitary tissue products of the present disclosure may convey or imply sustainability, as disclosed in Attorney Docket Nos. 16297P and 16297P2 of the previous sentence. Aspects of the present disclosure

[0188] The following disclosure aspects are examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of disclosure: Aspect 1: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and a VFS of more than about 11.0 g / g. 2. A sanitary tissue product comprising: a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; Non-wood fibers; a lint value of more than about 4.1; and wherein the fiber structure is creped; 3. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and Zones with a different density of at least about 30%. 4. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and wherein the hygiene tissue product is structured to have areas with different elevations. 5. A sanitary tissue product comprising: a sheet comprising a first layer and a second layer; wherein the first layer is a consumer-facing layer; and wherein the first layer comprises a greater amount of non-wood fibers than the second layer. 6. A sanitary tissue product according to claim 5, wherein the sheet is air dried. 7. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 5 and 6, wherein the layer is structured. 8. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein both the first and second layers comprise non-wood fibers. 9. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the first layer has the fabric side facing outwards. 10. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the hygiene tissue product is creped. 11. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the non-wood fiber is selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, bagasse, and combinations thereof. 12. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a ply comprising a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being a consumer-facing layer, the consumer-facing layer having a consumer-facing side, the consumer-facing side comprising regions of higher fiber count (number average) compared to regions of an adjacent layer. 13. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD absorption of more than about 800 mg. 14. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption of more than about 825 mg. Aspect 2: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a formation index of less than about 65. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the sanitary tissue product is structured. 3. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hygiene tissue product consists of several layers. 4. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formation index is greater than about 30. 5. The sanitary tissue product of any preceding claim, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 35% non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 6. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 75% non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 7. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 100% non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 8. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a draw ratio of greater than about 1.0. 9. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a draw ratio of at least about 1.5. 10. A sanitary tissue product in the form of a paper towel, comprising; non-wood fibers; and has a draw ratio of less than about 1.7. 11. The sanitary tissue product of claim 10, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, flax, abaca, hemp, bamboo, bagasse, and combinations thereof. 12. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 10 and 11, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a through-air dried (TAD) web. 13. The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 10 and 12, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 35% non-wood fibers and wherein the non-wood is abaca. 14. The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 10 and 12, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 50% non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 15. The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 10 and 12, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 35% non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 16. The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 10 and 12, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 75% non-wood fibers, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 17. The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 10 and 12, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, flax, bleached abaca, unbleached abaca, hemp, bleached bamboo, unbleached bamboo, bagasse, and combinations thereof. 18. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hygiene tissue product is a washcloth. 19. A hygiene tissue product according to claim 18, wherein the washcloth comprises multiple layers. 20. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises knuckles and cushions. 21. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the draw ratio is less than about 1.5. 22. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises an uncreped web. Aspect 3: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; a covering power of more than about 5.5 fiber layers; and a fiber number range (C(n)) of more than about 830 million / m^2. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the fiber number range (C(n)) is greater than about 890 million / m^2. 3. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising a fiber count range (C(l)) greater than 300 million / m^2. 4. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising a fiber count range (C(1)) between about 260 and 530 million / m^2. 5. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of layers. 6. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a single layer. 7. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a covering power of more than about 7.5 fiber layers. 8. A hygiene tissue product according to claim 7, wherein the basis weight is at least about 48 g / m 2 amounts. 9. A hygiene fabric product according to claim 7, wherein the basis weight is about 50 g / m 2 up to about 75 g / m 2 amounts. 10. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coverage is more than 8 fiber layers. 11. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coverage is more than 9 fiber layers. 12. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product is a toilet tissue. 13. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 12, comprising multiple layers. 14. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises a dry air (TAD) and uncreped web. 15. A sanitary tissue product comprising: consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; Non-wood fibers; an opacity of more than one line defined by the following expression: Y= 0.00767X+3.0; where the fiber opacity is “Y”; where a fiber number range (C(1)) is “X”; and wherein the hygiene tissue product is creped. 16. The sanitary tissue product of claim 15, wherein the sanitary tissue product consists of multiple layers. 17. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 15 and 16, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo fibers. 18. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and 14 to 17, comprising knuckles and cushions. 19. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the sanitary tissue product comprises at least about 35% bamboo fibers. 20. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 15 to 19, comprising less than 10 fiber layers. 21. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a draw ratio of at least about 2.0. Aspect 4: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a percent compressibility of less than about 6; and wherein the hygiene tissue product is structured. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the percent compressibility is between about 5.5 and about 3.0. 3. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the percent compressibility is less than about 4. 4. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 5. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of layers. 6. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises at least 75% non-wood fibers. 7. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a roll volume of greater than about 9.0 cm^3 / g and a roll strength of less than about 9.5 mm. 8. The sanitary tissue product of claim 7, wherein the roll strength is about 9.0 to about 6.0 mm. 9. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 7 and 8, wherein the roll strength is less than about 8.5 mm. 10. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the roll strength is less than about 7.0 mm. 11. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the roll volume is about 10.0 to about 25.0 cm^3 / g. 12. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the non-wood fibers are bamboo fibers. 13. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 12, comprising a plurality of layers, wherein the hygiene tissue product is structured. 14. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises at least 75% non-wood fibers. 15. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 7 to 14, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a through-air dried (TAD) and uncreped web. 16. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the non-wood fibers are dried once; and wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a roll volume of greater than about 9.0 cm^3 / g and a roll compressibility of less than about 6%. 17. The sanitary tissue product of claim 16, wherein the roll compressibility is from about 5.0 to about 2.5%. 18. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 16 and 17, wherein the roll compressibility is less than about 4.5%. 19. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein a roll volume of about 10.0 to about 25.0 cm^3 / g is present. 20. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 21. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 16 to 20, comprising a plurality of layers, wherein the hygiene tissue product is structured. 22. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises at least 75% non-wood fibers. Aspect 5: 1. A sanitary tissue product in the form of a paper towel, comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a TS7 of less than approximately 22.0 dB V2 rms. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 3. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, which has a TS750 of greater than about 47.7. 4. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims having a wet burst pressure of greater than about 400. 5. A sanitary tissue product according to any preceding claim having a wet burst strength of greater than about 478. 6. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, having a total wet tensile strength of greater than about 758 g / in. 7. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, having a total dry tensile strength of greater than about 2278 g / in. 8. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a VFS of more than about 7.3 g / g. 9. The sanitary tissue product of claim 8 having a VFS g / g of greater than about 7.5 g / g. 10. The sanitary tissue product of claim 8 having a VFS g / g of greater than about 8.0 g / g. 11. The sanitary tissue product of claim 8 having a VFS g / g of greater than about 8.5 g / g. 12. The sanitary tissue product of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, flax, abaca, hemp, bamboo, bagasse, and combinations thereof. 13. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 8 to 11 having a wet burst strength of greater than about 55 g. 14. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and an SST of more than about 0.45 g / s^0.5. 15. The sanitary tissue product of claim 14 having an SST of greater than about 0.5 g / s^0.5. 16. The sanitary tissue product of claim 14 having an SST of greater than about 0.55 g / s^0.5. 17. The sanitary tissue product of claim 14 having an SST of greater than about 1.0 g / s^0.5. 18. The sanitary tissue product of claim 14 having an SST of greater than about 1.5 g / s^0.5. 19. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the non-wood is selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 20. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a through-air dried (TAD) and uncreped web. 21. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a CD wet peak elongation of over approximately 12.0%. Aspect 6: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a formation index of less than about 65. 2. A sanitary tissue product in the form of a paper towel, comprising; Non-wood fibers; and has a draw ratio of less than about 1.7. 3. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; a covering power of more than about 5.5 fiber layers; and a fiber number range (C(n)) of more than about 830 million / m^2. 4. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a covering power of more than about 7.5 fiber layers. 5. A sanitary tissue product comprising: consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; Non-wood fibers; an opacity of more than one line defined by the following expression: Y= 0.00767X+3.0; where the fiber opacity is “Y”; where a fiber number range (C(1)) is “X”; and wherein the hygiene tissue product is creped. 6. A sanitary tissue product comprising: a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; and at least one of the first and second layers comprises about 55% to about 95% non-wood fibers. 7. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; a layer comprising a first layer and a second layer; and wherein the first layer is a consumer-facing layer, the consumer-facing layer having a consumer-facing side, the consumer-facing side comprising a plurality of pads. 8. A sanitary tissue product comprising: a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; Non-wood fibers; and a lint value of more than about 6. 9. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a percent compressibility of less than about 6; and wherein the hygiene tissue product is structured. 10. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the non-wood fibers are dried once; and wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a roll volume of greater than about 9.0 cm^3 / g and a roll compressibility of less than about 6%. 11. A sanitary tissue product in the form of a paper towel, comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a TS7 of less than approximately 22.0 dB V 2 rms. 12. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a VFS of more than about 7.3 g / g. 13. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and an SST of more than about 0.45 g / s^0.5. 14. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; and a CD wet peak elongation of over approximately 12.0%. 15. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers comprise bamboo fibers. 16. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of bamboo fibers. 17. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers comprise abaca fibers. 18. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of abaca fibers. 19. The sanitary tissue product of claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, flax, abaca, hemp, bamboo, bagasse, sisal, jute, and combinations thereof. 20. The sanitary tissue product of claims 1 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, flax, abaca, hemp, bamboo, bagasse, and combinations thereof. 21. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 25% non-wood fibers. 22. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 50% non-wood fibers. 23. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 75% non-wood fibers. 24. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting of 100% non-wood fibers. Aspect 7: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and a TS7 of less than about 14 dB V 2 rms. 2. A structured hygiene fabric product comprising: Non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and a TS750 of less than about 45 dB V 2 rms. 3. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and a slip stick of less than about 435. 4. A structured hygiene fabric product comprising: Non-wood fibers selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and a slip stick of less than about 605. 5. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the sanitary tissue product is in the form of a roll and has a roll volume of greater than about 9.0 cm^3 / g and a roll strength of less than about 9.5 mm. 6. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of bamboo fibers. 7. A sanitary tissue product according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of abaca fibers. 8. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 25% non-wood fibers. 9. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 50% non-wood fibers. 10. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 75% non-wood fibers. 11. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting of 100% non-wood fibers. Aspect 8: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: bamboo fibers; and a TS750 of less than about 20 dB V 2 rms. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of bamboo fibers. 3. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 25% non-wood fibers. 4. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 50% non-wood fibers. 5. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least 75% non-wood fibers. 6. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting of 100% non-wood fibers. Aspect 9: 1. A sanitary tissue product comprising: Non-wood fibers; a layer comprising a first layer and a second layer; and wherein the first layer is a consumer-facing layer, the consumer-facing layer having a consumer-facing side, the consumer-facing side comprising a plurality of pads. 2. The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein the layer comprises a plurality of knuckles, and wherein the plurality of pads have a greater basis weight than the plurality of knuckles according to the method for measuring intensive properties using micro-CT. 3. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the first layer comprises fibers having a shorter fiber length than the fibers in the second layer. 4. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the layer is creped. 5. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet is air dried (TAD). 6. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises multiple layers. 7. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo fibers, abaca fibers and mixtures thereof. 8. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 7, wherein the layer comprises a plurality of balls having a greater basis weight than the plurality of pads according to the method for measuring intensive properties by micro-CT. 9. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of pads are facing outward. 10. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of abaca fibers. 11. A sanitary tissue product comprising: a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; Non-wood fibers; and a lint value of more than about 6. 12. The sanitary tissue product of claim 11 comprising at least about 30% non-wood fibers. 13. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 11 and 12, comprising a lint value of less than about 11. 14. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 11 to 13, comprising multiple layers. 15. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo, abaca, and mixtures thereof. 16. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 11 to 15, comprising a lint value of about 6.3 to about 7.7. 17. A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 11 to 15, comprising a lint value of about 6 to about 8. 18. A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a through-air dried (TAD) and uncreped web.

[0189] In addition to the "aspects of the present disclosure" disclosed above, the "aspects of the present disclosure," including aspects 1 to 20, disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 456,020, entitled "Fibrous Structures Comprising Non-Wood Fibers," filed March 31, 2023, Young as the first-named inventor, are within the scope of the present disclosure. Testing Methods of the Present Disclosure

[0190] Unless otherwise noted, all tests described herein, including those described in the "Definitions" section and the following test procedures, were conducted on specimens that had been conditioned in a climate-controlled room at a temperature of 23°C ± 1.0°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 2% for at least 2 hours prior to testing. The specimens tested were "serviceable units." "Serviceable unit," as used herein, means sheets, roll flats, pre-converted roll flats, sheets, and / or single-ply or multi-ply products. All tests are conducted in such a conditioned room. Specimens with defects such as wrinkles, tears, holes, etc. are not tested. All instruments are calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications. Test methods for opacity and fiber count range:

[0191] Coverage and fiber count are calculated using measurements obtained by analyzing fibers from fibrous structures, such as sanitary tissue products, with a Fiber Quality Analyzer (FQA) available from OpTest Equipment Inc., Ontario, Canada. Prior to FQA analysis, the fibers of a finished product must be dispersed and diluted to obtain an accurate measurement of the oven-dry fiber mass in an aliquot of very dilute fibers and distilled water, which is used during FQA analysis to determine the coarseness of the test specimen and the fiber width. The resulting FQA values ​​are then used in conjunction with the basis weight to calculate fiber coverage and fiber count in a test specimen. Sample preparation

[0192] Allow the final fiber-structured product to stabilize in a temperature-controlled room at 23°C ± 1°C (73°F ± 2°F) and 50% ± 2% relative humidity for at least 24 hours. Furthermore, prepare the finished product for testing by removing and discarding any parts that may have been abraded during handling, such as those on the outside of the roll.

[0193] Determine the percentage of oven-dry solids of the equilibrated test product. This is done with moisture compensation using a test specimen of at least 0.5 grams from a selected usable unit of the test product. An example balance is the Ohaus MB45, set to a drying temperature of 130 °C, where moisture is determined after the weight has changed by less than 1 mg in 60 seconds (A60 hold time).

[0194] Carefully pull approximately 0.03 grams of a test specimen from the center of another usable unit of the same equilibrated finished product. The test specimen should be pulled evenly from all plies and layers of the substrate. Place the collected fibers in a clear glass vial 27 mm in diameter and 70 mm high, or a similar container. Record the net weight of the collected fibers to the nearest 0.001 gram as M0. The purpose of this step is to collect a uniform sample from all plies and layers in the usable unit, pulled from the center of the usable unit, so that no cutting of fibers at the end of the sheet or perforations are included.

[0195] The oven dry weight of the test specimen (M1) is then calculated by multiplying the weight of the test specimen (M0) by the previously determined percentage of oven dry solids. M1=M0×%oven-dry solids

[0196] To fully disperse the specimen, first pour deionized or distilled water into the vial until it is approximately half full. Then, approximately ten 5 mm diameter glass beads are added and the vial is sealed with a cap. The specimen is then allowed to stand for at least two hours, shaking occasionally. Finally, the vial is stirred with a Fisher Scientific Vortex Genie or a similar device until the fiber clusters are dispersed and the fibers appear completely separate.

[0197] To quantitatively dilute the dispersed sample, first transfer the entire contents of the vial into a 5-liter plastic beaker weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. To achieve this, slowly pour the contents of the vial through a U.S. Standard No. 6 (3.35 mm) sieve, attempting to retain the glass beads in the vial as long as possible. Then, rinse the vial and cap at least three times with deionized or distilled water, continuing to slowly pour the liquid through the No. 6 sieve. After rinsing the vial at least three times, pour the glass beads into the sieve and rinse them thoroughly with a deionized water squeeze bottle. Be sure to collect all the water used to rinse the beads.Continue the dilution procedure by filling the 5-liter plastic beaker with distilled or deionized water to approximately the 1.75-liter mark. Weigh the beaker and record the net weight of the contents to the nearest 0.1 g as M. 2.1 Using a second clean 5-liter beaker, pour the 1.75 liters of solution back and forth from beaker to beaker at least three times to ensure the suspension is homogeneously mixed. Next, transfer approximately 150 g of the solution into a third clean 5-liter measuring beaker, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Weigh the beaker and record the net weight of the contents to the nearest 0.1 g as M. 2.2 Then add approximately 1600 g of DI or distilled water to the third 5-liter beaker. Weigh the beaker and record the net weight of the contents to the nearest 0.1 g as M 2.3Using a fourth clean 5-liter beaker, transfer the approximately 1.75 liters of solution back and forth from beaker to beaker at least three times to ensure the suspension is homogeneously mixed. Finally, immediately after mixing, pour a 500-mL aliquot of the diluted fiber solution into a 600-mL plastic beaker, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Weigh the beaker and record the net weight of the contents to the nearest 0.1 g as M3.

[0198] After completion of the dilution procedure, the oven dry weight of the fibers present in the test cup (M4) is calculated according to the following equation: M4=M1×(M2,2M2,1)×(M3M2,3) Measurement of samples

[0199] Set up, calibrate, and operate the Fiber Quality Analyzer (FQA) instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions. Place the beaker containing the diluted fiber suspension on the FQA carousel, select "Optest default" for the coarseness determination method, and, when prompted, enter M4 (the oven dry weight of the fibers present in the test beaker) into the "sample mass" cell to determine coarseness. Calculations:

[0200] After analysis, the report file is opened and each of the following measurements is recorded: arithmetic mean width, coarseness, arithmetic mean length, and length-weighted mean length.

[0201] Calculate the opacity that the unit fiber layers has using the following equation: Coverage = Basis weight of the tested product Coarseness Arithmetic mean of the width

[0202] The basis weight is measured in grams / m 2 the coarseness in mg / m and the arithmetic mean width in mm.

[0203] Calculation of the fiber number range, which is expressed in million fibers / m 2 using one of the following two equations: Fiber count−range(C(n))=basis weight of the tested productCoarseness×arithmetic mean length

[0204] The basis weight has the unit g / m 2 , the coarseness the unit mg / m and the arithmetic mean length the unit mm. Fiber count−range(C(l))=basis weight of the tested productCoarseness×Weighted average length

[0205] While the basis weight is measured in g / m 2 is given, the coarseness is given in the unit mg / m and the length-weighted mean length is given in the unit mm. Test method for pore volume distribution:

[0206] The pore volume distribution (PVD) test method is used to determine the average amount of liquid (mg) retained by a test specimen within an effective pore radius range of 2.5 to 160 micrometers. This method utilizes a graded, controlled differential pressure and the measurement of the associated movement of liquid into and out of a porous test specimen, where the radius of a pore is related to the differential pressure required to fill or empty the pore. The liquid retained (mg) by each test specimen during its first cycle of absorption at decreasing differential pressures is measured, followed by the measurement of the liquid retained (mg) by the test specimen during its first cycle of drainage or desorption at increasing differential pressures.The sum of the liquid retained by the test specimen (mg) within the effective pore radius range of 2.5 to 160 micrometers for the absorption and desorption cycles as well as a calculated hysteresis (difference in liquid retained during the absorption and desorption cycles) in the effective pore radius range of 2.5 to 100 micrometers are given. Principle of the procedure

[0207] For uniform cylindrical pores, the radius of a pore is related to the differential pressure required to fill or empty the pore by the following equation Differential pressure=(2 γ cos Θ) / r, where γ = surface tension of the liquid, Θ = contact angle and r = effective pore radius.

[0208] Pores contained in natural and artificial porous materials are often referred to as voids, holes, or channels, and these pores are generally neither perfectly cylindrical nor all uniform. However, it is possible to use the above equation to relate differential pressure to an effective pore radius and, by monitoring the movement of fluid into or out of the material as a function of differential pressure, characterize the effective pore radius distribution in a porous material. (Because non-uniform pores are approximated as uniform by using an effective pore radius, this general method may not produce results that exactly match measurements of void dimensions obtained by other techniques such as microscopy.)) The pore volume distribution test method utilizes the above principle and is reduced to practice using the apparatus and approach described in "Liquid Porosimetry: New Methodology and Applications" by B. Miller and I. Tyomkin, published in the "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science" (1994), Volume 162, pages 163 to 170, and incorporated herein by reference. This method is based on measuring the step of the volume of liquid entering or leaving a porous material when the differential air pressure changes between ambient air pressure ("laboratory air pressure") and a slightly elevated air pressure (positive differential pressure) around the test specimen in a test sample chamber.The test specimen is placed dry into the sample chamber, and the sample chamber is controlled to a positive differential pressure (relative to the laboratory) sufficient to prevent fluid uptake into the test specimen after the liquid bridge is opened. After the liquid bridge is opened, the air pressure difference is gradually reduced to 0, and in this process, subpopulations of pores absorb fluid according to their effective pore radius. After reaching a minimum differential pressure, at which the mass of fluid in the test specimen is maximized, the differential pressure is gradually increased back toward the initial pressure, and the fluid is drained from the test specimen.During this final bleed sequence (from the minimum differential pressure or largest corresponding effective pore radius to the largest differential pressure or smallest corresponding effective pore radius), this method determines the fluid retention by the sample (mg) at each differential pressure. After correcting for any fluid movement at each individual pressure step measured on the empty chamber, the fluid retention of the sample (mg) is determined for each pressure step. The retained fluid can be normalized by dividing the equilibrium amount of retained fluid (mg) associated with that particular step by the dry weight of the sample (mg). Sample conditioning and sample preparation

[0209] The pore volume distribution test procedure is performed on samples conditioned in a room at a temperature of 23°C ± 2.0°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%. All tests are conducted under the same ambient conditions and in such a conditioned room. Damaged products or samples with defects such as wrinkles, cracks, holes, and the like are not tested. Samples conditioned as described herein are considered dry samples for the purposes of this invention. A test specimen with an edge length of 5.5 cm is punched from the conditioned product or sample. The weight of the dry specimen is measured and recorded. Device

[0210] A suitable device for this procedure is described in: "Liquid Porosimetry: New Methodology and Applications" by B. Miller and I. Tyomkin, published in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (1994), Volume 162, pages 163 to 170. Furthermore, any pressure control scheme capable of achieving the required pressures and controlling the differential pressure of the sample chamber can be used instead of the pressure control subsystem described in this reference. An example of suitable overall instrumentation and software is the TRI / Autoporosimeter (Textile Research Institute (TRI) / Princeton Inc. in Princeton, NJ, USA). The TRI / Autoporosimeter is an automated, computer-controlled instrument for measuring the pore volume distribution in porous materials (e.g., the volume of pores of different sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 µm effective pore radius). Computer programs such as Automated Instrument Software Releases 2000.1 or 2003.1 / 2005.1 or 2006.2; or Data Treatment Software Release 2000.1 (available from TRI Princeton Inc.) and spreadsheet programs can be used to record and analyze the measured data. Procedure

[0211] A degassed 0.2 wt.% solution of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100 from Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water is used as the humidifying fluid. The instrument's calculation constants are as follows: ρ (density) = 1 g / cm 3; γ (surface tension) = 31 dyne / cm; cosΘ = 1. A 90 mm diameter mixed cellulose ester filter membrane with a characteristic pore size of 1.2 µm (e.g., Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, catalog number RAWP09025) is attached to the porous frit (90 mm diameter, 6.4 mm thick Monel plates from Mott Corp., Farmington, CT, or equivalent) of the sample chamber. A Plexiglas plate weighing approximately 34 g (supplied with the instrument) is placed on top of the sample to ensure that the sample lies flat against the membrane / frit assembly. No additional weight is placed on top of the sample.

[0212] Professionals know that it is important to degas the test fluid as well as the frit / membrane / tubing system to ensure the system is free of air bubbles.

[0213] The sequence of pore sizes (differential pressures) for this application is as follows (effective pore radius in µm): 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000. This process is then repeated in reverse order. The criterion for transitioning from one pressure level to the next is that the fluid uptake / release from the test specimen is less than 10 mg / min for 10 seconds.

[0214] A separate "blank" measurement is performed by applying this procedure to an empty sample chamber containing no test specimen and no weight on the membrane / frit assembly. Any observed fluid movement is recorded at each pressure step (mg). The fluid retention data for a test specimen is corrected for any fluid movement associated with the empty sample chamber by subtracting the fluid retention values ​​from this "blank" measurement from the corresponding values ​​in the test specimen measurement. Determination of parameters

[0215] The PVD instrument data can be displayed cumulatively so that the cumulative absorbed mass is tabulated along with the pore diameter, allowing the following parameters to be calculated: 2.5 to 160 microns PVD absorption (mg) = [mg absorbed at 160 microns] - [mg absorbed at 2.5 microns] from the rising curve, 2.5 to 160 micron PVD desorption (mg) = [mg desorbed at 160 microns] - [mg desorbed at 2.5 microns] from the downward curve and 2.5 to 100 micron hysteresis (mg) = [mg desorbed at 100 microns - mg desorbed at 2.5 microns] - [mg absorbed at 100 microns - mg absorbed at 2.5 microns] Test procedure for horizontal full sheets (HFS):

[0216] The Horizontal Full Sheet (HFS) test method determines the amount of distilled water absorbed and retained by a fibrous structure of the present invention. In this method, a sample of the fibrous structure to be tested is first weighed (referred to herein as the "dry sample weight"), then the sample is thoroughly wetted, the moistened sample is drained in a horizontal position, and then weighed again (referred to herein as the "wet sample weight"). The absorbent capacity of the sample is then calculated as the amount of water retained in units of grams of water absorbed by the sample. When evaluating different samples of fibrous structures, the same size fibrous structure is used for all samples tested.

[0217] The device for determining the HFS capacity of fiber structures includes the following: An electronic balance with a sensitivity of at least ±0.01 grams and a minimum capacity of 1200 grams. The balance should have a special weighing pan to handle the size of the sample being tested (i.e., a sample of the fiber structure measuring approximately 27.9 cm × 27.9 cm).

[0218] A support frame for samples ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and a sample support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A) are also required. Both the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and the support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A) comprise a lightweight metal frame covered with a monofilament having a diameter of 0.305 cm to form a grid, as in Fig. 14. The size of the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and the support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig.15A) is sized so that the sample can be comfortably placed between the two.

[0219] The HFS test is conducted in an environment maintained at 23 ± 1°C and 50 ± 2% relative humidity. A water container or tub is filled with distilled water at 23 ± 1°C to a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm).

[0220] The samples are tested in duplicate. The dry weight of each sample is recorded to the nearest 0.01 gram. The empty sample support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) is placed on the balance with the special weighing pan described above. The balance is then zeroed (tared). A sample is carefully placed on the sample support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A), “front facing up” or with the outside of the sample facing up, away from the sample support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A). The support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig.15A) is placed on the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A). The sample (now clamped between the rack and the cover) is immersed in the water reservoir. After the sample has been immersed for 30 ± 3 seconds, the sample support rack ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and the support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A) carefully lifted out of the reservoir.

[0221] The sample, the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and the support frame cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A) are allowed to drain horizontally for 120 ± 5 seconds, taking care not to shake or vibrate the sample excessively. While the sample is draining, the support rack cover ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A) carefully removed and excess water from the support frame ( Fig. 15 and Fig. 15A). The wet sample and the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) are weighed on the previously tared scale. The weight is recorded to the nearest 0.01 g. This is the wet weight of the sample after horizontal dewatering.

[0222] The absorption capacity of the HFS gram per gram fiber structure sample is defined as: Absorption Capacity = (Wet weight of sample after horizontal dewatering - Dry weight of sample) / (Dry weight of sample) and has the unit gram / gram.

[0223] The absorption capacity of the HFS sample with a fiber structure of one gram per sheet is defined as (wet weight of the sample after horizontal dewatering minus dry weight of the sample) and is expressed in grams / sheet. Test method for vertical full sheets (VFS):

[0224] The Vertical Full Sheet (VFS) test method is similar to the HFS method described previously and determines the amount of distilled water absorbed and retained by a fibrous structure when held at a 75° angle.

[0225] After setting up the device, preparing the sample, measuring the initial weight and immersing the sample according to the HFS procedure, the support frame ( Fig. 14 and Fig. 14A) and the sample is removed from the container and tilted at an angle of 75° to allow the water to drain for 60 ± 5 seconds. Care must be taken to ensure that the sample does not slip or move relative to the support frame ( Fig. 14 and F...

Claims

[1] A sanitary tissue product comprising: a layer consisting of a first layer or the first layer and a second layer; and at least one of the first and second layers comprises about 55% to about 95% non-wood fibers. [2] The sanitary tissue product of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second layers comprises a non-wood fiber. [3] The sanitary tissue product of any of claims 1 and 2, wherein each of the first and second layers comprises about 65% to about 85% non-wood fibers. [4] A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-wood fibers are selected from the group consisting of bamboo fibers, abaca fibers and mixtures thereof. [5] A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first layer comprises eucalyptus fibers and wherein the first layer faces the consumer. [6] A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims in the form of toilet paper. [7] A sanitary tissue product according to any preceding claim, wherein the first layer is a consumer facing layer, the consumer facing layer having a consumer facing side, the consumer facing side comprising a plurality of pads. [8] A sanitary tissue product according to any preceding claim, wherein the first layer comprises fibers having a shorter fiber length than fibers in the second layer. [9] A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet is creped. [10] A sanitary tissue product according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet is air dried (TAD). [11] A hygiene tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a plurality of layers. [12] The sanitary tissue product of claim 7, wherein the plurality of pads are directed outwardly. [13] A sanitary tissue product according to any one of claims 1, wherein the non-wood fibers consist of abaca fibers. [14] A sanitary tissue product according to any preceding claim having a lint value of greater than about 6. [15] A hygiene tissue product according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 11 to 14, wherein the hygiene tissue product comprises a through-air dried (TAD) and uncreped web.

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