Fire protection structure or fire protection system for encasing a cable or conduit and corresponding uses

Abstract

Fire protection structure, at least comprising or consisting of: a first case and a second case; where the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, the interior space is suitable for accommodating a cable, a conduit or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a material that expands when exposed to heat, preferably a fire-resistant material; wherein the heat-expandable material is expandable graphite, a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer; wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, Aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: Bisphenol-A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), lightly flavored (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); the hardener contains: Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, Aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannan (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and containing the thinner: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4.

Description

Technical field and task of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire protection structure or a fire protection system for enclosing a cable, a line or a pipe (mainly in particular mobile radio, telephone, high-frequency, data, power cables, fluid lines), wherein the fire protection structure has the shape of a plurality of sheaths.

[0002] In the context of the present invention, a fire protection material is understood to mean a material that is suitable for protecting an object completely wrapped or packaged therewith in a single layer (or multiple layers), such as a cable, a line or a structural part of a building, in such a way that after 90 or preferably 120 minutes of exposure to flame or heat (= thermal exposure) from the outside at a temperature of approximately 1,100 °C, the temperature within the space surrounded by the fire protection material rises to a maximum of 180 °C, preferably a maximum of 120 °C, preferably a maximum of 100 °C, in particular a maximum of 90 °C. The conditions of the DIN standards DIN 4102 Part 11 and / or DIN 4102 Part 21 and / or according to UL 1724 / ASTM and / or according to IEC 60331-21 can thus be met by the fire protection material according to the invention.The fire protection material according to the invention meets the above-mentioned standards even if the object to be protected with the fire protection material according to the invention is laid or arranged freely in the room and not in a wall or ceiling, so that the object to be protected would be directly exposed to the effects of flames in the event of a fire without fire protection measures, such as wrapping it in the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0003] The same as explained above for the fire protection material according to the invention also applies to the fire protection structure according to the invention, the fire protection system according to the invention and the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention.

[0004] In the context of the present invention, “heat exposure” and “heat exposure” are understood to mean the exposure of a heat source (e.g. fire, flames, IR radiation) to an object (e.g. fire protection structure according to the invention, fire protection system according to the invention, fire protection construction according to the invention or fire protection film) such that the surface temperature of the object rises to at least 800 °C, in particular at least 1,000 °C (when exposed to flames according to the temperature curve IEC, ETK (standard temperature-time curve, according to DIN 4102) or UL 1724 (Outline of Investigation for Fire Tests for Electrical Circuit Protective Systems).

[0005] According to the invention, the term “expansion” or “foaming” of the first coating material upon exposure to heat means an increase in volume of at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 200%, compared to the initial state (first coating material at room temperature and before exposure to heat). State of the art

[0006] Conventional fire protection structures for protecting cables or wires are in need of improvement with regard to a wide range of requirements. For example, they sometimes lack sufficient fire protection, expressed in terms of the maximum surface temperature reached by the cable or wire to be protected under predefined fire conditions and after a specified time, especially if the maximum surface temperature must not exceed 120°C. Furthermore, conventional fire protection structures often have a high deadweight and large volume, are costly, difficult to install, and often lack conformity. Object of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved fire protection structure, wherein the fire protection structure is suitable for protecting a cable or line (in particular mobile radio, telephone, data, power, telecommunications, high-voltage, low-voltage, high-frequency cables, fluid, split air conditioning, fiber optic cables (with multiple wiring), plastic pipes) that is encased in such a structure. The protection particularly comprises fire protection or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding external radiation. Summary of the invention

[0008] The disclosed fire protection structure consists of an arrangement of sleeves. These sleeves are each preferably tubular and preferably extend continuously (or overlapping) along or substantially along a longitudinal axis of the fire protection structure.

[0009] The basic structure of the fire protection structure is as follows: A first shell (also called insulating core I), i.e. a first shell from the inside, surrounds or encloses an interior space or cavity. The interior space is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line, a pipe or the like as the item to be protected. According to the invention, the fire protection structure can also have the shape of a fire protection molded part for enclosing any desired body. The interior space preferably has a diameter of 10 to 100 mm, preferably 10 to 80 mm, preferably 15 to 50 mm, in particular 20 to 35 mm. The first shell contains at least one aerogel or consists thereof. Definition of aerogel: According to the invention, an aerogel is understood to be a solid body whose volume consists of between 80 and 99.98%, preferably between 90 and 99.98%, pores.The aerogel contains or consists of a metal oxide or a semi-metal oxide, preferably a silicate, silicon dioxide and / or titanium dioxide, in particular a silicate or silicon dioxide. For example, the aerogel can be produced using the Kistler silicate aerogel process, the Teichner sol-gel process, or another known process. An example of an aerogel according to the invention is also marketed under the name "ArmaGel HT" by Armacell GmbH, Münster, Germany. Alternative suppliers of suitable aerogels are Aspen Aerogels, Inc., Northborough, MA / USA (e.g., Pyrogel XTE or Pyrogel HPS), Stadur Produktions GmbH & Co. KG, Hammah, Germany, or Stadur-Süd GmbH, Pliezhausen, Germany (e.g., Pyrogel or Spaceloft).

[0010] The first shell preferably has a thickness of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 8 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, preferably at least 12 mm, preferably at least 15 mm, in particular at least 20 mm, and preferably at most 30 mm.

[0011] A second shell (also called insulating core II), i.e. a second shell from the inside, surrounds or encloses the first shell (insulating core I). The second shell contains a material that expands when exposed to heat or consists of this material. According to the invention, the material that expands when exposed to heat can preferably be an intumescent material, in particular an intumescent building material, or an insulating layer former. Alternatively or as a special embodiment of the invention, the second shell can be designed in the form of a coating of the first shell. The material that expands when exposed to heat can preferably be expandable graphite or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a second coating material and a primer.Here, the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. The complete disclosure of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 is reproduced below. The thickness of the second shell can preferably be selected according to the requirements of the Thermal Insulation Ordinance.As an exemplary method for producing the fire protection structure according to the invention, in particular an application or coating method, the "method for producing a fire protection material" described in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 (in particular claims 5 and 6 therein and the associated description) and its advantageous embodiments can be used, wherein the first shell described above corresponds to the carrier material in the method.

[0012] In the present invention, the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel. Furthermore, the second shell can be designed in the form of a coating of the first shell (outside). In this case, the second shell can preferably be a combination of the first coating material and the primer, or a combination of the first coating material and the second coating material and the primer as defined above. The particular advantage of this embodiment is that the second shell does not have to be designed as a stand-alone shell, but can be, but can be firmly connected to the first shell during production. This reduces the number of parts to be handled during installation of the fire protection structure according to the invention, and assembly errors are avoided. As an exemplary method for producing this embodiment, the method described in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976 can be used.4 described “method for producing a fire protection material” (in particular claim 6 therein and the associated description), wherein the first shell described above corresponds to the carrier material in the process.

[0013] In a further advantageous and particularly preferred modification of the embodiment described above, the first shell, which is an aerogel or consists thereof, is coated not only on the outside but also on its inside with the material of the second shell (a combination of the first coating material and the primer, or a combination of the first coating material and the second coating material and the primer as defined above). The double-sided coating results in an even better fire protection effect on the internal goods to be protected. Furthermore, the double-sided coating successfully prevents any possible release of particles (dust) from the aerogel. This improves processability and increases occupational safety and health protection.Furthermore, the described inner coating of the aerogel can contain or even extinguish a burning cable or pipe located inside the fire protection structure by expanding the material of the inner coating. The single-sided (inside or outside) or double-sided (inside and outside) application of the material of the second shell to the inside and / or outside of the first shell can be carried out, in particular, using the "method for producing a fire protection material" described in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 (in particular claims 5 and 6 therein and the associated description).

[0014] Optionally, a third shell (also called a visible shell or outer shell), i.e. a third shell from the inside, surrounds or encloses the second shell. The first shell, the second shell and / or the third shell are each preferably designed to be continuous along or substantially along a longitudinal axis of the fire protection structure. Preferably, all shells of the fire protection structure according to the invention are designed to be continuous along or substantially along a longitudinal axis of the fire protection structure. A continuous course can be achieved, for example, by a shell that is uninterrupted in the longitudinal direction or by overlapping individual material sections (for example by means of extension by means of sleeves) of the shell. According to the invention, the third shell contains or consists of a fire protection material. In this case, the fire protection material is identical to the fire protection material which is described in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or.disclosed below in the appendix to this application. The third shell can be incorporated into the fire protection structure according to the invention or applied to the second shell by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0015] Within the scope of the present invention, the fire protection structure according to the invention (including all its modifications) comprises all combinations with all embodiments and modifications of the fire protection material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or "in particular".

[0016] According to the invention, the first sheath (insulating core I) of the fire protection structure according to the invention fulfills an insulating function, i.e., thermal insulation, while the second and / or third sheath fulfills a temperature protection function, i.e., the second and / or third sheath foams or swells or expands radially inwards and / or outwards when exposed to heat from outside, which leads to an increase in volume (filling of the gaps by foam formation) through a foaming effect or increase in volume of the sheath material. The increase in volume improves the insulating effect and better protects the first sheath located further inside. Ultimately, this provides even better protection for the cable or line to be protected against the effects of fire.

[0017] Shape of the casings: (essentially) tubular shape with variable cross-sectional shape (round, elliptical, rectangular, square, triangular, polygonal, or trapezoidal); the casings are continuous along the longitudinal axis / in the longitudinal direction, at least overlapping (apart from the mounting slot in the longitudinal direction); the casings are preferably arranged coaxially or substantially coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the fire protection structure. If the fire protection structure according to the invention is designed in the form of a fire protection molded part, a corresponding structure of the first, second, and optionally third casing applies from the inside out around the item to be protected.

[0018] Overall, the fire protection assemblies according to the invention achieve a high fire protection effect, with the surface temperature of a cable or line protected thereby remaining below 120°C, preferably below 100°C, after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). A cable inserted into the fire protection assembly according to the invention was exposed to a flame in accordance with IEC 60331-11 for a period of 90 minutes or until a short circuit occurred. The flame temperature also corresponded to the aforementioned standard. The test was carried out in the box in accordance with IEC 61034-1. All other specifications of the aforementioned standard were also met. The burner was switched off after 90 minutes at the latest. The fire protection assembly according to the invention preferably meets fire resistance for at least 90 minutes. Since an aerogel is used as the material for the first sheath, the fire protection effect is particularly high.In this case, the surface temperature of a cable or line protected with such a fire protection structure according to the invention even remained below 90°C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04, as described above). Aerogels were previously unknown to those skilled in the art in connection with fire protection within the meaning of the present invention. Thus, according to the invention, an aerogel is used for the first time for fire protection purposes or in a fire protection structure, whereby reference is made to the above definition of fire protection material with regard to the interpretation of the term "fire protection" and the associated requirements. The fire protection effect of the resulting fire protection structure is particularly high when the aerogel is combined as the first sheath with the second sheath described above.The aerogel's excellent insulating effect against fire or thermal exposure is maintained for an exceptionally long time by the high fire protection effect of the second shell, so that the effects of the two shells complement and reinforce each other synergistically. Furthermore, the protection of the aerogel is enhanced by the second shell or a corresponding outer coating in that the aerogel, which is generally considered to be UV-resistant, can also be protected from light by the second shell or coating.

[0019] Furthermore, aerogel as the material for the first shell has the advantage that, due to its sufficient inherent mechanical stability, an additional supporting structure is unnecessary. This simplifies and reduces the cost of the overall construction of the fire protection structure according to the invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the fire protection structure according to the invention conforms to the shape of the pipe, which fire protection structures in the form of fire protection ducts, for example, are not. Furthermore, the fire protection structure according to the invention is characterized by a comparatively compact design and low volume, low mass, and easy installation. Retrofitting to existing cables or lines is also easily possible. Furthermore, the fire protection structure according to the invention is cost-effective due to its simple design.

[0021] The fire protection structure according to the invention therefore has the following features: Fire protection structure or fire protection system, comprising or consisting of at least: a first shell; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; and a second shell; wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a material which expands when exposed to heat; wherein the material expandable upon exposure to heat is preferably expandable graphite or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a second coating material and a primer. Here, the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. The complete disclosure of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 is reproduced below.

[0022] Alternatively, the fire protection structure according to the invention can have the following features: Fire protection structure, comprising or consisting of at least: a first shell; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; and wherein the first shell has a coating on its outer peripheral surface or on its inner and outer peripheral surface, wherein the coating contains a combination of a first coating material and the primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer, or consists of one of these combinations; and wherein the coating is preferably applied directly to the outer peripheral surface or directly to the inner and outer peripheral surface of the first shell.

[0023] This special modification of the fire protection structure according to the invention has the advantage of a very compact design, in which all functions are concentrated in or on the first shell. Since this structure eliminates the need for a separate second or even third shell, its assembly is also significantly simplified. Furthermore, the provision of a coating on the outer and / or inner peripheral surface of the first shell limits or even completely prevents the possible release of dust or particles of the material of the first shell, thereby increasing occupational safety and environmental friendliness.

[0024] Within the scope of the present invention, the fire protection structure according to the invention (including all its modifications) comprises all combinations with all embodiments and modifications of the first coating material, the second coating material and the primer, as disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or "in particular".

[0025] Furthermore, the use according to the invention is disclosed: Use of a first shell and a second shell in a fire protection structure or fire protection system, preferably fire protection molding, to improve the thermal insulation effect; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; and wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a material which expands when exposed to heat; wherein the material expandable upon exposure to heat is preferably expandable graphite or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or preferably a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer. Here, the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. The complete disclosure of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 is reproduced below. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the use described above, the first shell contains or consists of aerogel.

[0026] Within the scope of the present invention, the use according to the invention (including all modifications thereof) comprises all combinations with all embodiments and modifications of the first coating material, the second coating material and the primer as disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or “in particular”.

[0027] Use of an aerogel; and a material which expands when exposed to heat in a fire protection structure or fire protection system to improve the thermal protection effect; wherein the material expandable upon exposure to heat is preferably expandable graphite or preferably a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or preferably a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer. Here, the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. The complete disclosure of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 is reproduced below. For the use described above, the use of an aerogel in combination with the heat-expandable material is particularly preferred.

[0028] Within the scope of the present invention, the use according to the invention (including all modifications thereof) comprises all combinations with all embodiments and modifications of the first coating material, the second coating material and the primer as disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or “in particular”.

[0029] Exemplary variants of the fire protection structure or the fire protection system according to the invention are shown below: Variant 1: Fire protection structure or fire protection system, comprising or consisting of (from inside to outside): a first shell (also called insulating core I); wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell (also called insulating core I) contains or consists of an aerogel; a second shell (also called insulating core II), wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a first carrier material and a material expandable upon exposure to heat; wherein the first carrier material carries or holds or supports the heat-expandable material; wherein the heat-expandable material is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the first carrier material, to the outer peripheral surface of the first carrier material, or to both the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the first carrier material; and / or wherein the heat-expandable material is contained or incorporated in the first carrier material; wherein the first carrier material is preferably a silicon fabric, a silicate fabric, a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate, preferably in the form of a braided yarn, a fabric, a braided plait or a lattice structure; wherein the heat-expandable material is preferably expandable graphite or a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and a primer; wherein the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; and a third shell (also called insulating core III, may act as an outer shell or visible surface), whereby the third shell surrounds or encloses the second shell; wherein the third shell contains or consists of a fire protection material; wherein the fire protection material is identical to the fire protection material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Special advantages / effects of the fire protection structure according to variant 1 (overall structure): The surface temperature of a cable or line protected by it remains below 120 °C, below 100 °C, or even below 90 °C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). This improves fire protection, or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding external radiation, compared to conventional fire protection structures through the combination of the materials used in the first, second, and third sheaths. The first sheath protects the cable or line installed in the interior through its high thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, the aerogel of the first sheath offers the special advantages listed below.At the same time, the expansion of the heat-expanding material of the second shell protects the insulating material of the first shell, thus maintaining the high thermal insulation effect of the first shell over a comparatively longer period. According to the invention, the shell with the less heat-sensitive insulating material is arranged in the fire protection structure in such a way that the more heat-sensitive insulating material of the first shell is surrounded by it and thus protected. The inventively provided structure of the third shell further improves the heat protection effect of the first and second shells. Special advantages / effects of the aerogel as a component of the first shell: high heat resistance up to 650 °C and low thermal conductivity (e.g. λ < 0.02 W / (m·K) according to DIN EN ISO 8497, in particular λ is between 0.015 and 0.019 W / (m·K) according to DIN EN ISO 8497), does not tend to form mold or fungus, non-smoking, non-drip, does not propagate flame, high water resistance, low density: 160 to 240 kg / m 3 (according to ASTM C303), very durable, easily disposable; meets DIN 4102-1 standard B1 (flame-retardant), flame spread index < 5 (according to ASTM E84), smoke development < 10 (according to ASTM E84). The fire performance meets the requirements of quality classes S1 (no obstruction of vision due to smoke development) and D0 (no burning droplets or debris). The surface temperature of a cable or wire protected with this coating remains below 90°C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04).

[0030] By providing the second shell around the first shell (insulating core I) or by coating the first shell, the first shell achieves fire class B1 (flame-resistant). Since the invention provides an aerogel as a component of the first shell, the first shell even achieves fire class B1 (flame-resistant; meets DIN 4102-1). Special advantages / effects of the carrier material as a component of the second shell: carries, holds, or supports the heat-expandable material. Furthermore, the carrier material can advantageously act as pre-insulation for the first shell, preventing or delaying an increase to a critical surface temperature or an exceedance of a critical surface temperature of the first shell, where the temperature increase is caused by a high temperature of the heat-expandable material (radiation from its inner peripheral surface). Special advantages / effects of fiber silicate as a carrier material as a component of the second shell: Fiber silicate is a high-temperature-resistant material which, particularly as a braid or yarn, is characterized by its low density and thus a low mass-related load on the goods to be protected. Special advantages / effects of the heat-expandable material as a component of the second shell, e.g.: Expandable graphite: expands upon exposure to heat, ensuring the fire protection effect of the material encased or coated with the expandable material. Triggered by heat, the expandable material expands toward the third shell (also called the outer surface or visible surface), i.e., outwards. Depending on the design of the fire protection structure, the expandable material can also expand toward the first shell, i.e., inwards. This protects the first shell from heat.

[0031] Specific advantages / effects of the fire protection material are disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application.

[0032] Variant 2: Fire protection structure or fire protection system comprising or consisting of (from inside to outside): a first shell (also called insulating core I); wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of an aerogel; a second shell (also called insulating core II, may function as outer shell or visible surface), wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a fire protection material; wherein the fire protection material is identical to the fire protection material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application.

[0033] Special advantages / effects of the fire protection structure according to variant 2 (overall structure): The surface temperature of a cable or line protected by it remains below 120 °C, below 100 °C, or even below 90 °C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). This improves fire protection, or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding external radiation, compared to conventional fire protection structures thanks to the combination of the materials used in the first and second sheaths. The first sheath protects the cable or line installed in the interior with its high thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, the aerogel of the first sheath offers the special advantages already listed above. At the same time, the second sheath protects the insulating material of the first sheath and thus maintains the high thermal insulation effect of the first sheath over a comparatively longer period.According to the invention, the shell with the less heat-sensitive insulation material is arranged in the fire protection structure in such a way that the more heat-sensitive insulation material of the first shell is surrounded and thus protected. The inventively provided structure of the second shell further improves the heat protection effect of the first shell. Furthermore, variant 2 of the fire protection structure according to the invention is characterized by a simplified structure, a more compact design, and lower material requirements, combined with lower costs, compared to variant 1 of the fire protection structure according to the invention. Furthermore, assembly is easier. special advantages / effects of the aeorgel as part of the first shell: see variant 1

[0034] Specific advantages / effects of the fire protection material are disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application.

[0035] Variant 3: Fire protection structure or fire protection system, comprising or consisting of (from inside to outside): a first shell (also called insulating core I); wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of an aerogel; a second shell (also called insulating core II, may function as outer shell or visible surface), wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of a first coating material and a second coating material and a primer, or consists of one of these combinations; wherein the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; and wherein the second shell is preferably formed as a coating of the first shell or on the first shell.

[0036] Special advantages / effects of the fire protection structure according to variant 3 (overall structure): The surface temperature of a cable or line protected by it remains below 120 °C, below 100 °C, or even below 90 °C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). This improves fire protection, or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding external radiation, compared to conventional fire protection structures thanks to the combination of the materials used in the first and second sheaths. The first sheath protects the cable or line installed in the interior with its high thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, the aerogel in the first sheath offers the special advantages already listed above. At the same time, the second sheath protects the insulating material of the first sheath and thus maintains the high thermal insulation effect of the first sheath over a comparatively longer period.According to the invention, the shell with the less heat-sensitive insulation material is arranged in the fire protection structure in such a way that the more heat-sensitive insulation material of the first shell is surrounded and thus protected. The structure of the second shell provided according to the invention further improves the heat protection effect of the first shell. Furthermore, variant 3 of the fire protection structure according to the invention is characterized by a further simplified structure, an even more compact design, and even lower material requirements, combined with further reduced costs, compared to variant 2 of the fire protection structure according to the invention. Furthermore, assembly is further simplified. Special advantages / effects of the aerogel as a component of the first shell: see variant 1

[0037] Specific advantages / effects of the fire protection material are disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4.

[0038] Variant 4: Fire protection structure or fire protection system comprising or consisting of (from inside to outside): a first shell (also called insulating core I); wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of an aerogel; wherein the first shell has a coating on its outer peripheral surface or on its inner and outer peripheral surface, wherein the coating contains a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of a first coating material and a second coating material and a primer, or consists of one of these combinations; wherein the first coating material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the second coating material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; wherein the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application; and wherein the coating is preferably applied directly to the outer peripheral surface or to the inner and outer peripheral surface of the first shell.

[0039] Special advantages / effects of the fire protection structure according to variant 4 (overall structure): The surface temperature of a cable or line protected by it remains below 120 °C, below 100 °C, or even below 90 °C after 90 minutes (fire protection test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04). This improves fire protection or protection against the effects of elevated temperatures or corresponding external radiation thanks to the materials used in the first sheath compared to conventional fire protection structures. The first sheath protects the cable or line installed in the interior with its high thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, the aerogel of the first sheath offers the special advantages already listed above. At the same time, the coating protects the insulating material of the first sheath and thus maintains the high thermal insulation effect of the first sheath over a comparatively longer period.The coating of the first shell provided according to the invention further improves the heat protection effect of the first shell. Furthermore, variant 4 of the fire protection structure according to the invention is characterized by a maximally simplified structure, a very compact design, and very low material requirements, combined with further reduced costs, compared to variant 2 of the fire protection structure according to the invention. Furthermore, assembly is maximally simplified. Special advantages / effects of the aerogel as a component of the first shell: see variant 1

[0040] Specific advantages / effects of the first coating material, the second coating material and the primer and combinations thereof are disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application.

[0041] Variants 5 to 8 of the fire protection structure according to the invention: Variant 5 is the fire protection structure according to the above variant 1, wherein the third shell has the shape of a fire protection molded part, wherein the fire protection molded part is identical to the fire protection molded part disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2018 102 007.4 or in the appendix to this application. In cross-sectional view, the fire protection molded part has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star (cf., for example, Fig. 1 to 7g).

[0042] Variant 6 is the fire protection structure according to the above variant 2, wherein the second shell has the shape of a fire protection molded part, wherein the fire protection molded part is identical to the fire protection molded part disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2018 102 007.4 or in the appendix to this application. In cross-sectional view, the fire protection molded part has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star (cf., for example, Fig. 1 to 7g).

[0043] Variant 7 is the fire protection structure according to the above variant 3, wherein the first shell has the shape of a fire protection molded part, wherein the fire protection molded part is identical to the fire protection molded part disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2018 102 007.4 or in the appendix to this application. In cross-sectional view, the fire protection molded part has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star (cf., for example, Fig. 1 to 7g).

[0044] Variant 8 is the fire protection structure according to the above variant 4, wherein the first shell has the shape of a fire protection molded part, wherein the fire protection molded part is identical to the fire protection molded part disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2018 102 007.4 or in the appendix to this application. In cross-sectional view, the fire protection molded part has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star (cf., for example, Fig. 1 to 7g).

[0045] Within the scope of the present invention, the fire protection structure according to the invention (including all its modifications in which the first shell has the shape of a fire protection molded part) comprises all combinations with all embodiments and modifications of the fire protection material, the first coating material, the second coating material and the primer, as disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or "in particular", and with all embodiments and modifications of the fire protection molded part, as disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2018 102 007.4 or below in the appendix to this application, in particular with the embodiments marked as preferred or particularly preferred or "in particular".

[0046] Optional provision of load-bearing or supporting elements (force carriers) in the fire protection structure according to the invention as spacers between an outer shell and a shell next to it

[0047] In the fire protection structure according to the invention, in particular in the fire protection structures according to the above variants 1, 2, 5 and 6, one or a plurality of load-bearing or supporting elements, which can also be referred to as force carriers, can be arranged between an outer, preferably the outermost, shell and the next inner shell (preferably the second outermost shell). The load-bearing or supporting element serves as a spacer between the shells in contact with the respective load-bearing or supporting element, so that an intermediate space can be formed between these two shells, which can advantageously serve as an expansion or foaming space for the heat-expandable material. The respective load-bearing or supporting element preferably contains vermiculite, cork, aerogel, rock wool or glass wool or is made of one of these.The supporting or supporting elements can also be used to attach the fire protection structure according to the invention to a wall or ceiling.

[0048] In the fire protection structures according to variants 3 and 7 above, the load-bearing or supporting elements can each be arranged on the second shell. In this case, the load-bearing or supporting elements can be surrounded on the outside by a protective or supporting shell, for example, made of fiber silicate or silicate fabric.

[0049] Shape of these supporting or supporting elements: (essentially) tubular shape with variable cross-sectional shape (round, elliptical, rectangular, square, triangular, polygonal, trapezoidal); preferably not continuous along the longitudinal axis / in the longitudinal direction, but formed in sections, e.g., disc-shaped or tubular section-shaped (apart from the mounting slot in the longitudinal direction); the supporting or supporting elements are preferably used in multiples in the fire protection structure according to the invention. The supporting or supporting elements can have a predetermined width. Preferred spacing between the supporting or supporting elements: between 20 and 50 cm;

[0050] Advantages of these additional load-bearing or supporting elements: they act as load-bearing elements and are effective in securing the fire protection structure to a wall or ceiling; they act as spacers between the surrounding shells, allowing space for heat-induced expansion, foaming, or swelling of the elements provided in the fire protection structure; and they act as spacers for the foam level or foam height.

[0051] The disclosure of the present application also encompasses a fire protection structure or a fire protection film, which is a fire protection material that can be used, for example, in a flat form or for wrapping the goods to be protected. The fire protection structure or fire protection film is preferably flexible and has a high insulating effect. Depending on the intended use, the fire protection structure or fire protection film preferably has a thickness of 3 to 25 mm, in particular 5 to 20 mm.

[0052] The fire protection construction or fire protection film contains: an aerogel; and a combination of a first material and a primer, or a combination of the first material and a second material and the primer.

[0053] In the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention, the aerogel is described by the above-mentioned definition of "aerogel." Furthermore, the first material is identical to the first coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the second material is identical to the second coating material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application. Furthermore, the primer is identical to the primer disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application.

[0054] The features disclosed below are optional and can, individually or in any combination, further specify the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention, provided this is technically feasible.

[0055] Thus, the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention can be designed in one or more layers. Furthermore, the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention can have at least one layer, in particular one, two, three or four layers, which in each case contain the combination of the first material and the primer or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer, and which in each case additionally contain the aerogel in the form of particles, powder, granules or fragments. The volume fraction of the aerogel in the respective layer (reference value: total volume of the layer) can be 10 to 98%, preferably 50 to 95%, in particular 70 to 90%. The aerogel is preferably incorporated into the layer. The aerogel can be spatially uniform (homogeneous ordispersed distribution) or substantially uniformly (homogeneous distribution having technically unavoidable inhomogeneities). However, the aerogel can also have a concentration gradient within the layer, in particular in the direction of the layer thickness. This means that the concentration of the aerogel particles in the area of ​​one surface of the considered layer of the fire protection construction or fire protection film is different than in the area of ​​the opposite surface. It is also possible that the aerogel particles are located / concentrated exclusively or predominantly in the area of ​​one surface, while no or significantly fewer particles are present in the area of ​​the opposite surface. Furthermore, the invention is not restricted to a specific spatial distribution of the aerogel particles in the layer. However, it is preferred if the layer is inside, ie, on the side facing the material to be protected, has a higher concentration of aerogel particles or a larger volume taken up by the aerogel particles than is the case on the outside, i.e. on the side facing away from the material to be protected. This gradient of aerogel particles has the advantage that the majority of the aerogel particles are present within that half of the layer which, in the event of a fire, is facing away from the flame or high temperature and further away. This means that the aerogel particles are better protected from the effects of temperature than if they were evenly distributed within the layer or even if they were concentrated in the half of the layer which is directly exposed to the flame or high temperature in the event of a fire.

[0056] Providing the aerogel in the form of particles, etc., within a layer that additionally comprises the above-described combination of the first material and the primer, or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer, has the advantage that the resulting fire protection structure or fire protection film utilizes aerogel with the advantages discussed above, while being bound dust-free within the layer. Furthermore, it is a simple and flexible construction that is easy to handle, as it is suitable, for example, for cutting.

[0057] According to a further aspect, the fire protection structure or fire protection film according to the invention has a multi-layer construction. In this embodiment, the fire protection structure or fire protection film has at least one layer (hereinafter referred to as the "fire protection layer" or "BS") that contains or consists of the combination of the first material and the primer, or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer. Furthermore, the fire protection structure or fire protection film has at least one layer (hereinafter referred to as the "aerogel layer" or "AS") that contains or consists of the aerogel.According to the invention, it is also possible for the aerogel layer AS not only to consist of or contain 100% aerogel, but to be a layer which, as described above, contains a mixture of aerogel particles and the above-described combination of the first material and the primer, or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer. However, according to the invention, it can also be provided that the layers which contain the above-described combination of the first material and the primer or of the first material and the second material and the primer do not contain any aerogel; and / or that the layers which contain the aerogel do not contain the above-described combination of the first material and the primer or of the first material and the second material and the primer.By separating the materials from aerogel and the combination described above, the manufacturing process of the fire protection construction is simplified.

[0058] The fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention can, for example, have the following layer structures (from the outside (flame) to the inside (goods to be protected)), but is not limited to this: • BS / / AS (= two-layer fire protection construction or fire protection film with an external fire protection layer and an internal aerogel layer) • BS / / AS / / BS (= three-layer fire protection construction or fire protection film with an external and an internal fire protection layer and an aerogel layer as an intermediate layer) • BS / / AS / / BS / / AS • BS / / AS / / BS / / AS / / BS • BS / / AS / / AS • BS / / AS / / AS / / BS • BS / / AS / / AS / / AS / / BS • BS / / AS / / BS / / BS / / AS / / BS • BS / / BS / / AS • BS / / BS / / AS / / BS • BS / / BS / / AS / / BS / / BS

[0059] The fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention is characterized by excellent fire protection and high insulation values. For the first time, it combines the fire protection function of the above-described combination of the first material and the primer, or the first material, the second material, and the primer, with the high insulation values ​​and good thermal insulation function of aerogel. Since the fire protection construction or fire protection film according to the invention also combines all the important properties that a fire protection material must have, it is particularly easy to install, as the installer only needs to apply or apply one material on site. This avoids installation errors or problems that occur with fire protection systems that are assembled from multiple components on site.

[0060] The fire protection structure or fire protection film according to the invention can further be reinforced on one or both sides with a carrier material. The carrier material can preferably be a silicon fabric, a silicate fabric, a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate, a film, rock wool, a wool product, preferably in the form of a braided yarn, a fabric, a braided plait, or a grid structure. If the fire protection structure or fire protection film has a multi-layer construction, one or more carrier material layers (TS) can be arranged between two adjacent layers of the fire protection structure or fire protection film.

[0061] Examples of layer structures of the fire protection construction or fire protection film with carrier material layers according to the invention are (from outside (flame) to inside (goods to be protected)), but are not limited to: • TS / / BS / / AS (= three-layer fire protection construction or fire protection film with an outer carrier material layer, an inner aerogel layer and a fire protection layer as an intermediate layer) • BS / / AS / / TS (inner carrier material layer) • TS / / BS / / AS / / TS (support material layer outside and inside) • BS / / TS / / AS (carrier material layer as intermediate layer) • TS / / BS / / TS / / AS / / TS (support material layer outside, inside and as intermediate layer)

[0062] According to the invention, the use of an aerogel in a fire protection material or in a fire protection structure or fire protection film, in particular for improving the fire protection properties or for improving the fire protection effect of the fire protection material or the fire protection structure or fire protection film, is disclosed for the first time. Furthermore, the use of an aerogel as a component of a fire protection material or a fire protection structure or a fire protection film is disclosed. The fire protection material or the fire protection structure or fire protection film is preferably the one described in this application, including the appendices. This includes all modifications of the fire protection material or the fire protection structure or fire protection film described herein.The use of an aerogel as a layer component of a fire protection material or a fire protection structure or fire protection film is also disclosed. The aerogel can preferably be used in the form of particles, powder, granules, or fragments. Furthermore, the use of an aerogel in the form of a layer in a fire protection material or in a fire protection structure or fire protection film is disclosed. By using the aerogel in a fire protection material or in a fire protection structure or fire protection film, the excellent insulating properties of the aerogel are combined with the good fire protection properties of a fire protection material, whereby the resulting protection for an object to be protected, which is covered with the aerogel-containing fire protection material, is further increased compared to conventional fire protection materials.In the inventive use, the aerogel can be used as described above: for example, to form separate layers or as a component in fire protection materials. In the inventive use, the modifications and advantages of the fire protection construction or fire protection film described above apply, so they need not be repeated here. Aerogels have not traditionally been used in fire protection materials because, in and of themselves, they do not exhibit sufficient temperature resistance and are therefore unsuitable as fire protection materials due to their lack of fire protection function. Furthermore, according to prevailing opinion, aerogel is not UV-resistant, so its possible applications, especially outdoors, can be severely limited when used as such. Inventive example

[0063] A fire protection test was carried out to investigate a fire protection structure according to the invention and a comparison fire protection structure.

[0064] The fire protection structure according to the invention is a multi-layer structure that surrounds an interior space. The interior space has a clear cross-section of approximately 30 mm. The interior space is surrounded by a first shell consisting of an aerogel called Pyrogel XTE (Aspen Aerogels, Inc., Northborough, MA / USA) in four layers, each 5 mm thick. This first shell is surrounded by a second shell, which corresponds to the fire protection material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or in the appendix to this application. The fire protection material consists of a carrier layer of silicon fleece (thickness: 1 mm), which is coated on the outside with a coating material that expands upon exposure to heat, including a primer. The primer contains a primer, a hardener, and a thinner, as defined in claim 1 of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4.The fire protection material of the second shell is identical to the fire protection material containing the first coating material, as described in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4, in particular in claim 3 therein. Supporting or supporting elements (silicon square bars, 25 x 25 mm) are arranged on the second shell at intervals of approximately 30 cm. The second shell and the supporting or supporting elements are finally surrounded by a third shell, which contains or consists of another fire protection material. The fire protection material is identical to the fire protection material disclosed in German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4 or hereinafter in the appendix to this application, and which comprises the second coating material disclosed therein. Thus, the fire protection structure according to the invention examined here falls under variant 1 described above.

[0065] The comparison fire protection structure has the same structure as the fire protection structure according to the invention described above, except that the first shell consists of mineral wool according to DIN EN 13162 (Hardrock II or contained in Hardrock 038 or 040; DEUTSCHE ROCKWOOL GmbH & Co. KG, Gladbeck) with a thickness of 30 mm instead of the aerogel.

[0066] A fire protection test according to IEC 60331-21 was conducted on the aforementioned fire protection structure according to the invention for 90 minutes at an external or burner temperature of approximately 780 to 900 °C in an accredited laboratory (MPA Dresden) on March 20, 2019. The temperature in the interior enclosed by the fire protection structure according to the invention was measured at regular intervals (on the inner peripheral surface of the fire protection structure and freely in the interior). The results are presented in Table 1 below.

[0067] Similarly, the conventional stone wool fire protection structure was measured under the same conditions. The results are presented in Table 2 below. Table 1: Fire protection test (coaxial test) according to IEC 60331-21 for 90 minutes at an external or burner temperature of approximately 780 to 900 °C on 20 March 2019, carried out by MPA Dresden: inventive fire protection structure Time of measurement from start of test [min] Temperature inside the fire protection structure [°C] Measurement on the inner peripheral surface of the fire protection structure Measurement freely in the interior 0 (test start) 24,1 26,1 15 23 21,8 30 39,3 32,2 45 56,2 45,7 60 70,6 54,8 75 86,3 67,5 90 (end of test) 95,5 75,1 100 21,3 16 Table 2: Fire protection test (coaxial test) according to IEC 60331-21 for 90 minutes at an external or burner temperature of approximately 780 to 900 °C on 20 March 2019, carried out by MPA Dresden: conventional fire protection structure based on rock wool Time of measurement from start of test [min] Temperature inside the fire protection structure [°C] Measurement on the inner peripheral surface of the fire protection structure Measurement freely in the interior 0 (test start) 18,0 18,3 15 33,3 32,8 30 61,7 62,1 45 122,8 110,7 50 (end of test / afterward aborted) 142,3 116,7

[0068] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the interior space surrounded by the fire protection structure according to the invention never exceeded a temperature of 96 or 76 °C over 90 minutes in the standardized test. In contrast, in the analogous test with the conventional stone wool-based fire protection structure, the temperature rises to over 140 °C (adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the fire protection structure) or over 115 °C (measured freely in the interior) after just 50 minutes (see Table 2 above). Due to the sharp temperature increase in the conventional fire protection structure, this test was terminated after just 50 minutes.

[0069] As the above results show by way of example, with the fire protection structure according to the invention, in particular when it contains an aerogel, a further improved fire protection effect is achieved, and the conditions of the DIN standards DIN 4102 Part 11 and / or DIN 4102 Part 21 and / or according to UL 1724 / ASTM and / or according to IEC 60331-21 are met.

[0070] Appendix: further disclosure of the invention: The following disclosures of Figures 1 and 2 are part of the disclosure of the present application, to which reference is made above: 1. Disclosure of German patent application No. 10 2017 108 976.4: Beginning of Revelation 1 DescriptionFire protection material for enclosing a cable or a line and / or for forming a molded part with at least one curved surfaceTechnical field of the invention

[0071] The present invention relates to a fire protection material for enclosing a cable or a line and / or for forming a shaped part with at least one curved surface according to claim 1, a method for producing a fire protection material according to claim 5, a fire protection material produced therewith according to claim 7, and the use of a primer in a fire protection material according to claim 9. State of the art

[0072] Common fire protection materials, for example, consist of glass fiber as the base material coated with a single-component material. The single-component material (fire protection component) expands when exposed to heat, thereby ensuring the fire protection effect of the goods to be protected.

[0073] However, if the described fire protection materials are used to protect, for example, power cables or wires, there is a risk that cracks will form in the surface when the fire protection materials are wrapped around the cables or wires or otherwise bent. This can ultimately lead to moisture penetrating the coating from the outside, and the single-component material, which expands when exposed to heat, can be washed out or otherwise compromised by the moisture. Consequently, this fire protection material is prone to losing its fire protection properties due to weathering. Object of the invention

[0074] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fire protection material and a corresponding manufacturing method, wherein the fire protection material is suitable for protecting power cables or lines, in particular is sufficiently flexible for this purpose, has a sufficient fire protection effect and the fire protection effect is sufficiently maintained despite aging. Summary of the invention

[0075] This object is achieved with the fire protection material according to claim 1. A fire protection material is proposed for enclosing a cable or line and / or for forming a molded part with at least one curved surface. The fire protection material comprises a carrier material and a first coating material, wherein the first coating material is applied to the carrier material. The first coating material can be applied to one or both sides of the carrier material, with one-sided application being preferred. The fire protection material further comprises a primer, wherein the primer preferably contains or consists of a primer, a hardener, and a thinner.

[0076] The primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 10%; Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavored (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%;

[0077] The hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%;

[0078] The thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%;

[0079] The respective mass fractions of the components of the primer, hardener, and thinner preferably relate to the mass of the primer. The mass ratio of the primer to the hardener is preferably 4 to 6, preferably 5, to 1.

[0080] The inventor has surprisingly found that the presence of a primer results in good adhesion of the first coating material to the carrier material.

[0081] Furthermore, it has been observed that even after applying the primer to the first coating material already present on the substrate, good adhesion of the first coating material to the substrate can be achieved. This is presumably due to the primer diffusing through the first coating material from the outside and exerting its adhesive effect between the first coating material and the substrate.

[0082] The first coating material expands or foams when exposed to heat, thus developing a heat-protective effect. The primer does not impair the heat-protective effect of the first coating material. Surprisingly, the primer with the composition according to the invention causes no or no significant chemical change in the first coating material. Thus, in contrast to other primers, the primer according to the invention causes no or no significant increase in the stiffness of the first coating material, which would make bending the fire protection material more difficult.

[0083] Furthermore, the presence of the primer prevents the formation of cracks in the first coating material or significantly reduces the formation of cracks when the fire protection material is bent or curved to form a sheath for cables or wires. This prevents or at least reduces moisture penetration with the aforementioned negative consequences. Consequently, when used as a sheath for a cable or wire, the fire protection material retains its fire protection properties even when exposed to moisture. Thus, the fire protection material according to the invention is weather-resistant when used outdoors and insensitive to, for example, extinguishing agents such as water from a sprinkler system when used indoors.

[0084] Using the fire protection material according to the invention, particularly when it is in a tubular form, it is possible to easily and conveniently install fire protection for cables or pipelines. The previous box-shaped fire protection ducts can be advantageously replaced by the fire protection material according to the invention, and due to its flexibility, the fire protection material according to the invention also requires less space than conventional fire protection ducts.

[0085] The fire protection material according to the invention is flexible, bendable, and / or moldable or capable of being formed into a tubular or substantially tubular shape. The fire protection material according to the invention is also easy to install and has a lower inherent mass compared to conventional fire protection ducts, which offers advantages in terms of mechanical stability under heat exposure.

[0086] The fire protection material according to the invention, preferably in tubular form, can be used to enclose cables or pipelines (new installations). However, it can also be used for the subsequent protection of existing cables, pipelines, cable ducts, or the like. This option was generally not available with the fire protection ducts used previously due to their space requirements or installation limitations. In this case, the item to be protected can be encased in an overlapping manner with a flat section of the fire protection material in the installed state. The fire protection material can then be secured preferably mechanically, for example, using galvanized binding wire or tension clamps.

[0087] Advantageous embodiments of the fire protection material according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0088] Thus, the carrier material may contain or consist of a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate. Additionally or alternatively, the carrier material may be formed as a braided yarn, a woven fabric, a braided plait, or a lattice structure.

[0089] Fibre silicate is a high-temperature-resistant material which, particularly when used as braiding or yarn, is characterised by its low density and thus a low mass-related load on the goods to be protected.

[0090] In an advantageous embodiment, the first coating material may contain or consist of a single-component material. The single-component material preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%.

[0091] The respective mass fraction can preferably refer to the mass of the single-component material.

[0092] If the first coating material contains or consists of the single-component material as described above, it is characterized by good expansion or foaming properties and thus by a good fire protection effect.

[0093] In a further embodiment, the fire protection material may further comprise a second coating material. The second coating material may be applied to the primer or to a mixture of the primer and the first coating material. The second coating material may contain or consist of a first two-component material, a second two-component material, and preferably the thinner.

[0094] The first two-component material (2K1) preferably contains the following substances: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; light aromatic solvent naphtha (petroleum) (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.5 to 5%; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-N-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-[(2-methylpropylidene)amino]cyclohexanemethylamine (CAS No. 54914-37-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 15%; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate (CAS No. 108-65-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5; and Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (CAS No. 763-69-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0095] The second two-component material (2K2) preferably contains the following substances: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Aromatics, hydrocarbons, C9 (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0096] The respective mass fraction of the components of the first two-component material and the second two-component material preferably relates to the mass of the second coating material. The thinner preferably makes up the remaining mass fraction of the second coating material.

[0097] The presence of the second coating material has the advantage of accelerating the expansion or foaming of the first coating material, thus achieving the fire protection effect of the first coating material more quickly. Furthermore, the second coating material advantageously provides a protective layer for the first coating material, for example, against external mechanical damage.

[0098] The primer proposed according to the invention is also chemically compatible with the second coating material, so that the chemical properties of the second coating material are not significantly impaired or altered. Rather, the primer improves the adhesion of the second coating material to the first coating material, thus improving the overall mechanical stability of the fire protection material.

[0099] The object of the invention is further achieved by the method according to claim 5. The advantages of the fire protection material according to the invention apply analogously to the method according to the invention.

[0100] Thus, a method for producing a fire protection material, preferably the fire protection material according to one of claims 1 to 4, is proposed, wherein the method comprises at least the steps: (a) providing a carrier material; (b) applying a first coating material to the carrier material; wherein the application of the first coating material is preferably carried out by dipping, rolling or spraying; and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour (h), preferably at least 2 hours; and (c) applying a primer to the coated carrier material obtained in step (b); and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours; thereby preserving the fire protection material.

[0101] The primer is preferably the primer according to claim 1 or as defined above or in claim 1. The carrier material is preferably the carrier material according to claim 2 or as defined above or in claim 2. Furthermore, the first coating material is preferably the first coating material according to claim 3 or as defined above or in claim 3.

[0102] The method according to the invention is characterized by simple handling and high flexibility.

[0103] In a further embodiment, the method further comprises the step: (d) applying a second coating material to the fire protection material obtained in step (c); and preferably allowing it to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours.

[0104] The second coating material is preferably the second coating material according to claim 4 or as defined above or in claim 4.

[0105] The object of the invention is further achieved by the fire protection material produced by the method according to one of claims 5 or 6. All advantages of the method according to the invention and the fire protection material according to the invention as described above (according to claims 1 to 4) apply analogously.

[0106] In a further advantageous embodiment, the fire protection material can be in the form of a hose or pipe or a molded part with at least one curved surface. The inner diameter or inner diameter of the hose or pipe or of the curved surface can preferably be between 5 and 100 mm, more preferably between 10 and 60 mm, in particular between 10 and 50 mm.

[0107] The fire protection material according to the invention is particularly suitable for protecting cables and lines, i.e., for encasing tubular objects with a relatively small diameter, especially in the range of 10 to 50 mm. In such enclosures, the fire protection material can also form curves with small radii. This suppresses cracking to such an extent that the fire protection effect of the fire protection material according to the invention is maintained even under external influences of moisture, such as precipitation outdoors or exposure to splash water in enclosed spaces.

[0108] The object of the invention is further achieved by the use according to claim 9. This proposes the use of a primer in a fire protection material or in the production of a fire protection material, wherein the primer is preferably the primer according to claim 1 or as defined above or in claim 1. The advantages mentioned in connection with the fire protection material according to the invention containing the primer apply analogously to the use according to the invention.

[0109] The fire protection material may comprise a carrier material, wherein the primer is preferably applied to the carrier material or arranged in a layer on the carrier material. The carrier material may be the carrier material according to claim 2 or as defined above or in claim 2.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, the fire protection material can comprise a first coating material, wherein the first coating material can be applied to the carrier material or arranged in a layer on the carrier material. The primer can be applied to the first coating material or can be arranged in a layer on the first coating material or can form a mixture with the first coating material. Additionally or alternatively, the first coating material can be the first coating material according to claim 3 or the first coating material as defined above or in claim 3.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, the fire protection material can further comprise a second coating material. The second coating material can be applied to the primer, or can be applied to the primer, or can be arranged in a layer on the primer, or can form a mixture with the primer. Additionally or alternatively, the second coating material can be the second coating material according to claim 4 or the second coating material as defined above or in claim 4.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, the fire protection material can further comprise a second coating material. The second coating material can be applied to the primer or applied to the mixture of the primer and the first coating material. The second coating material can be arranged in a layer on the primer or on the mixture of the primer and the first coating material. Additionally or alternatively, the second coating material can be the second coating material according to claim 4 or the second coating material as defined above or in claim 4. Further disclosure of the invention

[0113] According to the invention, the primer G of the primer P can be in particular the primer with the designation “Seevenax Primer 113-74” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg), the hardener H can be the hardener with the designation “Seevenax 115-74” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg) and the thinner V can be a thinner with the designation “Thinner 903-76” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg).

[0114] According to the invention, the first coating material S1 can contain the one-component material 1K with the following composition: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; where the respective mass fraction refers to the mass of the single-component material 1K.

[0115] According to the invention, the second coating material S2 can contain, as the first two-component material 2K1, a topcoat named "ALEXIT Topcoat 467-76 383N Flame Red 3000 Matt" (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg). Furthermore, the second coating material S2 can contain, as the second two-component material 2K2, a hardener named "ALEXIT Hardener 405-74" (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg). Fire protection test of the fire protection material according to the invention

[0116] A fire protection test of a cable was conducted by a building authority-approved testing, monitoring, and certification body in accordance with IEC 60331-21: 1999-04. The cable was tested once without a covering and once covered with the fire protection material according to the invention. The purpose of the test was to determine the insulation content of the cable under flame exposure, both without and with a covering made of the fire protection material according to the invention. The fire protection material tested had the following composition: fiber silicate as the carrier material, a primer of the composition (including quantities) according to claim 1, a first coating material (including quantities) according to claim 3, and a second coating material (including quantities) according to claim 4.

[0117] Conditions: Test cable: Sienopyr FR (L)M2XH 4x10 black 0.6 / 1kV (manufacturer: PRYSMIAN Kabel und Systeme GmbH), nominal voltage up to 0.6 / 1 kV, test voltage 1000 V AC (phase - phase), test duration: 90 min. Fire protection test

[0118] Each 1.2 m long test cable was straightened and stored temporarily. In Test 1, the cable was tested without any fire protection material. In Test 2, the cable was tested with a single layer of the fire protection material according to the invention. In Test 3, the cable was placed in a cable tray, with the cable tray being covered with a single layer of the fire protection material according to the invention. The test cable was positioned in the cable tray on the side facing the burner (Test 3). The electrical connection of the test cables was carried out in accordance with IEC 60331-21. The four cores of the cable were connected to L1, L2, L3 and N. The voltage between the phases was 1000 V AC. The cable holder or cable tray was earthed. The current flow per conductor of 0.25 A was achieved using four load resistors. The insulation integrity was displayed with an LED panel. The cable was tested for a period of 90 minutes orThe test was carried out in a test chamber according to IEC 61034-1. The test was conducted in a test chamber according to IEC 61034-1. All other requirements of the above-mentioned standard were also met. The test was shut down after 90 minutes at the latest. Table 1: Test evaluation of fire protection test: test Description Short circuit or conductor break during 90 min flame exposure Insulation integrity fulfilled according to standard #1 Cables without fire protection material yes, after 9:45 min no #2 Cable single-layer sheathed with inventive fire protection material no Yes #3 Cable in cable tray, with cable tray single-layer covered with fire protection material according to the invention no Yes Results of fire protection test

[0119] Test #1: The test cable without fire protection material failed the test requirements. After just 9:45 minutes, a short circuit caused the fuses to blow.

[0120] Test #2: The test cable, which was covered with a single layer of the fire protection material according to the invention, met the requirements of the test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04 (90 min), since neither the fuses nor the luminaires failed during the 90-minute flame exposure and the 15-minute cooling phase.

[0121] Test #3: The test cable, which was laid in a cable tray covered with a single layer of the fire protection material according to the invention, met the requirements of the test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04 (90 min), since neither the fuses nor the lights failed during the 90-minute flame exposure and the 15-minute cooling phase. Lifespan analysis of the fire protection material according to the invention under outdoor conditions

[0122] The subject of the study is the lifetime analysis of the fire protection material according to the invention under outdoor conditions in accordance with the criteria and procedures established by the European Organisation for Technical Assessment (EOTA) in the following reference documents for the assessment of fire protection products: - ETAG 026-2 Version August 2011 Fire Stopping and Fire Sealing Products. Part 2: Penetration Seals - EOTATechnical Report 024 Version July 2009 Characterization, Aspects of Durability and Factory Production Control for Reactive Materials, Components and Products

[0123] The assessment was conducted by the Instituto de Tecnología de la Construcción de Cataluña (ITeC). The tests were conducted in an accredited laboratory. Background and conditions of lifetime analysis

[0124] As part of the service life analysis, a fire protection material according to the invention with the same composition as the fire protection material described and tested above in the fire protection test was tested. The operating weather conditions correspond to Type X (outdoor use) as defined in the reference documents listed above, in particular EOTA TR 024 Section 4.2.3. The assessment of this category takes the following influencing factors into account, in the order given: - UV exposure - Rain - Temperatures between -20°C and 70°C - High humidity

[0125] The methods for assessing lifetime are based on a product lifetime of 10 years. Methodology of lifetime analysis

[0126] The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate whether the fire protection properties of the fire protection material according to the invention are significantly impaired as a result of climatic influences. For this purpose, fabric samples are subjected to accelerated aging cycles as described below. The thermal efficiency of these aged fabric samples and of the control samples of the fire protection material according to the invention that were not subjected to the aging cycles are then determined in order to compare the results between the two sample types. To test the thermal efficiency, the fire protection material is placed on steel plates and the samples are subjected to the external fire curve according to EN 1363-23 to determine the temperature increase of the steel plates protected by the fabric. The time until the steel plates reach a temperature of 280 °C and 400 °C and the expansion height are determined.Before testing the thermal efficiency, the thickness, basis weight and appearance of the aged samples are determined, both before and after the aging cycles.

[0127] The samples intended for accelerated ageing were subjected to Type X conditions according to EOTA TR 024 Section 4.2.3. Ageing was carried out in two consecutive phases: Phase 1: UV chamber

[0128] Exposure of the samples in a UV chamber for 28 days under the conditions specified in EN ISO 4892-3 using combination A.2 with type 1A lamps (see Table 1 of the standard) and cycle No. 3 (see Table 4) (cf. EN ISO 4892-3: 2006 Plastics. Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources. Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps (ISO 4892-3:2006).

[0129] The exposure consists of 112 uninterrupted cycles, one cycle includes: - 5 h dry phase (50 ± 3)°C and relative humidity below 15% - 1 h water spray at a chamber temperature of (25 ± 3)°C

[0130] The UV radiation (45 W / m 2 , 290 nm to 400 nm) is maintained throughout all cycles. Phase 2: Climate chamber

[0131] The samples were exposed to the climatic chamber for 14 days according to the hydrothermal cycle defined in Table 2 below. Table 2: Hydrothermal cycles (RH = relative humidity). day phase 1 (6 h) 2 (6 h) 3 (6 h) 4 (6 h) 1 and 2 (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (70 ± 3)°C, (20 ± 5)% RH (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (70 ± 3)°C, (20 ± 5)% RH 3 and 4 (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (30 ± 3)°C, (40 ± 5)% RH (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (30 ± 3)°C, (40 ± 5)% RH 5, 6 and 7 (- 20 ± 3)°C (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (- 20 ± 3)°C (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH

[0132] The hydrothermal cycle is performed twice until a continuous exposure of 14 days is achieved. Results of the lifetime analysis

[0133] Table 3 shows the effects of accelerated aging on the aged samples before and after the exposure cycles as described above. Table 3: Effects of aging Characteristic Samples before testing Samples after UV chamber Samples after hydrothermal cycles Total loss mass per unit area (kg / m 2 ) 2,407 2,357 2,350 2,36 % Thickness (mm) 1,64 1,62 1,47 10,3 % Look - Occasional occurrence of spots with white powder on the top layer after aging in the UV chamber 1 Due to the heterogeneous nature and roughness of the product surface, there is considerable dispersion in determining the individual thicknesses. Average values ​​have been used, but the results should be considered guidelines.

[0134] Subsequently, the aged samples (after the cycles according to Table 2) and the control samples (which have not been subjected to the aging cycles) are subjected to a thermal efficiency test to compare the protection times of both sample types. Table 4: Thermal efficiency test (all values ​​are averages of 10 samples tested) Samples Time 1 (minutes) until the evaluation temperature is reached Final expansion height 2 (mm) Expansion ratio 1 T = 280 °C T = 400 °C control 27,6 63,2 27,4 18,9 aged 26,9 58,1 28,5 20,0 1 In order to compare the results of the control samples and the aged samples, the results were corrected with the area-related mass, assuming a linear approach. 2 Both the values ​​for the expansion height and the expansion ratio are to be understood as guideline values ​​due to the high dispersion of the individual values. 3 Relationship between final expansion height and thickness before testing Evaluation of the lifetime analysis

[0135] According to the reference documents indicated above, the following evaluation criteria are defined: (a) The mean time to reach the evaluation temperature of the aged samples shall not be less than 85% of the mean time for the control samples. (b) The individual time to reach the evaluation temperature of all aged samples shall not be less than 80% of the mean time for the control samples.

[0136] The evaluation results according to these criteria are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Behavior of the aged samples Evaluation criterion Evaluation temperature Evaluation T = 280 °C T = 400 °C (a) mean times 97,4% 92,0% Criterion is met (b) Individual times all samples > 89% 1 sample = 78%, all other samples > 86% Criterion is met (see comment below)

[0137] The mean time required to reach the evaluation temperature of the aged samples (above evaluation criterion (a)) is at least 92% at both evaluation temperatures, thus fulfilling evaluation criterion (a).

[0138] When considering the individual times (above evaluation criterion (b)), all samples reach the evaluation temperature of 280 °C in at least 89% of the average time of the control samples. Regarding the evaluation temperature of 400 °C, all samples except one are at > 86%. Thus, evaluation criterion (b) is also easily met with one exception. The only sample that does not meet evaluation criterion (b) has a mass per unit area of ​​2.26 kg / m 2 (2.21 kg / m 2after aging). This is the lowest value of all samples. The product's area-related mass loss due to the aging cycles is acceptable.

[0139] Thus, no negative aging influence can be observed on the final thickness of the samples after the thermal efficiency test (final expansion height). Due to the uneven product surface, the thickness measurements should be considered as guidelines, both for the initial fabric and for the expanded fire protection material after the thermal efficiency test.

[0140] Accordingly, the fire protection material according to the invention investigated is considered suitable for use in weather conditions of type X (outdoor use) with a planned service life of 10 years.

[0141] In summary, it can be concluded that the fire protection material according to the invention meets the requirements of both the fire protection test and the service life analysis. Thus, when used to enclose a cable or wire, the fire protection material according to the invention offers sufficient fire protection, which is maintained even during weather-related use due to the adequate prevention of cracking when forming radii, especially tight radii, thanks to the use of the primer. Claims 1. Fire protection material (B) for enclosing a cable or a line and / or for forming a shaped part with at least one curved surface; wherein the fire protection material (B) has a carrier material (T); wherein the fire protection material (B) further comprises a first coating material (S1); wherein the first coating material (S1) is applied to the carrier material (T); characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a primer (P); wherein the primer (P) preferably contains or consists of a primer (G), a hardener (H) and a thinner (V); where the primer (G) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 10%; Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; where the hardener (H) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; where the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction of the components of the primer (G), the hardener (H) and the thinner (V) preferably relates to the mass of the primer (P); and wherein the mass ratio of the primer (G) to the hardener (H) is preferably 4 to 6, preferably 5, to 1. 2. Fire protection material (B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier material (T) contains or consists of a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate; and / or the carrier material (T) is formed as a braided yarn, a woven fabric, a braided plait, or a lattice structure. 3. Fire protection material (B) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first coating material (S1) contains or consists of a one-component material (1K); wherein the one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the one-component material (1K). 4. Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a second coating material (S2); wherein the second coating material (S2) is applied to the primer (P) or to a mixture of the primer (P) and the first coating material (S1); wherein the second coating material (S2) contains or consists of a first two-component material (2K1), a second two-component material (2K2) and preferably the thinner (V); wherein the first two-component material (2K1) preferably contains the following substances: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; light aromatic solvent naphtha (petroleum) (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.5 to 5%; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-N-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-[(2-methylpropylidene)amino]cyclohexanemethylamine (CAS No. 54914-37-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 15%; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate (CAS No. 108-65-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5; and Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (CAS No. 763-69-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the second two-component material (2K2) preferably contains the following substances: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Aromatics, hydrocarbons, C9 (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction of the constituents of the first two-component material (2K1) and the second two-component material (2K2) preferably relates to the mass of the second coating material (S2); and wherein the thinner (V) preferably makes up the remaining mass fraction of the second coating material (S2). 5. A method for producing a fire protection material (B), preferably the fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least the steps: (a) providing a carrier material (T); (b) applying a first coating material (S1) to the carrier material (T); wherein the application of the first coating material (S1) is preferably carried out by dipping, rolling or spraying; and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours; and (c) applying a primer (P) to the coated carrier material (T) obtained in step (b); and preferably allowing to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours; whereby the fire protection material (B) is obtained; wherein the primer (P) is preferably the primer (P) according to claim 1; wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably the carrier material (T) according to claim 2; and / or wherein the first coating material (S1) is preferably the first coating material (S1) according to claim 3. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises the step: (d) applying a second coating material (S2) to the fire protection material (B) obtained in step (c); and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours; wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably the second coating material (S2) according to claim 4. 7. Fire protection material (B) produced by the method according to one of claims 5 or 6. 8. Fire protection material (B) according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 7, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) is in the form of a hose or pipe or a shaped part with at least one curved surface; wherein the inner diameter or inner circle diameter of the hose or pipe or the curved surface is preferably between 5 and 100 mm, more preferably between 10 and 60 mm, in particular between 10 and 50 mm. 9. Use of a primer (P) in a fire protection material (B) or in the manufacture of a fire protection material (B); wherein the primer (P) is preferably the primer (P) according to claim 1; wherein the fire protection material (B) preferably comprises a carrier material (T); wherein the primer (P) is preferably applied to the carrier material (T) or is arranged in a layer on the carrier material (T); and / or wherein the carrier material (T) is preferably the carrier material (T) according to claim 2. 10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a first coating material (S1); wherein the first coating material (S1) is preferably applied to the carrier material (T) or is arranged in a layer on the carrier material (T); wherein the primer (P) is preferably applied to the first coating material (S1) or is arranged in a layer on the first coating material (S1) or forms a mixture with the first coating material (S1); and / or wherein the first coating material (S1) is preferably the first coating material (S1) according to claim 3. 11. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a second coating material (S2); wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably applied to the primer (P) or is arranged in a layer on the primer (P) or forms a mixture with the primer (P); and / or wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably the second coating material (S2) according to claim 4. 12. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a second coating material (S2); wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably applied to the primer (P) or to the mixture of the primer (P) and the first coating material (S1); wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably arranged in a layer on the primer (P) or on the mixture of the primer (P) and the first coating material (S1); and / or wherein the second coating material (S2) is preferably the second coating material (S2) according to claim 4. DescriptionTechnical field of the invention

[0142] The present invention relates to a fire protection molded part for enclosing a cable or a line or a plurality thereof or a structural part of a building or a technical installation, in particular a system-related installation component, according to claim 1, and the use of a polygon as a shape for a cross-section of a fire protection molded part according to claim 11.

[0143] In the context of the present invention, a fire protection material is understood to be a material that is suitable for protecting an object completely wrapped with it in a single layer (or multiple layers), such as a cable, a line or a structural part of a building, in such a way that after 90 or preferably 120 minutes of external exposure to flame or heat at a temperature of approximately 1,100 °C, the temperature within the space surrounded by the fire protection material rises to a maximum of 180 °C, preferably a maximum of 120 °C, preferably a maximum of 100 °C, in particular a maximum of 90 °C. Thus, the fire protection material according to the invention can meet the requirements of the DIN standards DIN 4102 Part 11 and / or DIN 4102 Part 21 and / or UL 1709 / ASTM and / or IEC 60331-21.The fire protection material according to the invention meets the above-mentioned standards even if the object to be protected with the fire protection material according to the invention is laid or arranged freely in the room and not in a wall or ceiling, so that the object to be protected would be directly exposed to the effects of flames in the event of a fire without fire protection measures, such as wrapping it in the fire protection material according to the invention.

[0144] The same as explained above for the fire protection material according to the invention also applies to the fire protection molded part according to the invention, which is a spatially designed body, in particular a hollow body, which has the fire protection material as defined above or consists of such a fire protection material. State of the art

[0145] Known fire protection materials, and in particular fire protection molded parts, typically have rectangular cross-sections, e.g., cable ducts. These consist, for example, of metal sheets as the base or carrier material, which are coated or lined with an intumescent material, rock wool panels, or calcium silicate panels. The intumescent material (fire protection component) expands when exposed to heat, thereby ensuring the fire protection effect of the goods to be protected, which are encased in the fire protection material.

[0146] Conventional fire protection materials and in particular conventional fire protection molded parts have the disadvantage that, for a given maximum layer thickness of the fire protection material or the fire protection molded part produced with it, the amount of coating material that can be used to support the fire protection effect is limited depending on the outer peripheral or shell surface of the fire protection molded part.

[0147] On the other hand, the specified maximum layer thickness of the fire protection material cannot be increased arbitrarily, for example, to apply more coating material, as the fire protection material used or the fire protection molded part containing it would otherwise become too bulky. This would result in it taking up too much space during installation and / or making it impossible or difficult to integrate into existing spatial conditions.

[0148] Furthermore, the prior art fire protection moldings have the disadvantage that, when designed to protect, for example, cables or lines running several meters through a room, they are insufficiently rigid and heavy, especially when using the carrier materials typically used for fire protection materials, and must be supported by suitable substructures. This is because the layer thickness of the carrier material cannot be chosen arbitrarily large, as otherwise the formation of fire protection moldings with bulges and curves cannot be ensured. The resulting instability may compromise the fire protection effect.

[0149] If the described fire protection materials are used to protect, for example, power cables or wires, there is also a risk that cracks will form in the surface when the fire protection materials are wrapped around the cables or wires or otherwise bent. This can ultimately lead to moisture penetrating the coating from the outside, and the intumescent material, which expands when exposed to heat, can be washed out or otherwise compromised by the moisture. Consequently, this fire protection material is prone to losing its fire protection properties due to weathering. Object of the invention

[0150] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved fire protection molded part. The fire protection molded part should be suitable for protecting cables, lines or structural components of a building, even when they are laid or arranged freely in the room and not in walls or ceilings. The fire protection molded part should preferably be compact and space-saving and, in the event of a fire, have an increased fire protection effect, in particular an improved ratio of the provided mass of fire-protective coating material to the initial volume of the fire protection molded part. In a further preferred embodiment, the fire protection molded part should be sufficiently flexible to form even tight curves, while still having sufficient mechanical rigidity. At the same time, an adequate fire protection effect is sought, which should be maintained to a sufficient degree despite aging. Description of the invention

[0151] The object is achieved by the fire protection molded part according to claim 1. This claims a fire protection molded part for enclosing a cable, a line or a structural part of a building, such as a column or support. The fire protection molded part preferably has the shape of an elongated hollow body. In cross-sectional view, the fire protection molded part has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star. The polygon has inward-facing corners and outward-facing corners, wherein the number of inward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ (greater than or equal to) 2, preferably between 2 and 64, preferably between 2 and 32, in particular between 5 and 16; and wherein the number of outward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ (greater than or equal to) 3, preferably between 3 and 64, preferably between 3 and 32, in particular between 5 and 16.The number of outward-facing corners is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners. The fire-resistant molded part has or is made of a fire-resistant material.

[0152] The fire protection molding according to the invention, particularly when in a tube-like configuration, allows for easy installation and fire protection of cables or pipelines. The previous box-shaped fire protection ducts can be advantageously replaced by the fire protection molding according to the invention, and due to its flexibility, the fire protection molding according to the invention also requires less space than conventional fire protection ducts.

[0153] Because the fire protection molding according to the invention has a polygonal shape in cross-sectional view, a compact, space-saving design of the fire protection molding is achieved. Furthermore, the rigidity and mechanical stability of the fire protection molding are significantly improved compared to a conventional circular or rectangular cross-sectional shape due to the polygonal shape of the fire protection molding's cross-section with inward- and outward-facing corners ("zigzag" shape). In a bellows version of the fire protection molding according to the invention, in which the folded edges are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis, even shape-following line protection is possible.

[0154] Furthermore, this polygonal shape offers the possibility that the fire protection material, which surrounds or consists of the fire protection molding, expands under the influence of heat, expanding into a circular or circular-like cross-sectional shape, with the "zigzag" contour smoothing out into a more or less straight line, almost circular. As a result, the radius of the fire protection molding increases in the event of a fire or in the event of intense heat exposure (and only in the event of a fire or in the event of intense heat exposure), and the fire protection effect is enhanced in the sense of improved insulation of the object encased in the fire protection molding against external heat exposure. The radius of the fire protection molding is considerably larger after expansion compared to the original polygonal structure. This further increases the distance between the object to be protected inside the fire protection molding and the hot environment.

[0155] Furthermore, the "zigzag" contour has the advantage that the length of the circumference of the "zigzag" contour is larger than the circumference of a circle, even if the circle had the same radius as the circumferential area of ​​the polygon. In other words, the circumferential area of ​​the "zigzag" contour is considerably larger than that of a simple circle, since the "zigzag" contour can expand to the shape of a larger circle in the event of a fire, similar to the bellows of an accordion when wound up. Thus, the surface area available for absorbing an expanding fire protection material on the inside and outside of the fire protection molding is significantly increased. If the fire protection molding according to the invention can be coated with more fire protection material overall, the fire protection effect can be increased due to the design.Furthermore, the “zigzag” contour can be used to achieve better dissipation of the temperature of the flames acting on the fire protection molding from the outside.

[0156] For example, in the case of a conventional fire hose with a substantially circular cross-section, the flame impinging on the fire hose during a fire is split and flows around the fire hose, similar to how air flows around a wing during an airplane flight. The two partial flame streams then reconverge on the opposite side of the fire hose, away from the flame, similar to the partial air streams behind the wing. Due to the convergence of the flames in this area, the temperature on the adjacent part of the fire hose's surface is particularly high.

[0157] In contrast, in the fire protection molding according to the invention, the presence of the "zigzag" contour, as described above, on the one hand, lengthens the flow path of the flame (or the flame "partial streams") around the fire protection molding. As a result, the intensity (temperature and flow velocity) of the two flame "partial streams" when they meet on the back of the fire protection molding is reduced compared to a conventional fire protection hose with a circular cross-section. On the other hand, the presence of the "zigzag" contour causes greater turbulence in the respective flame "partial stream" as it flows around the fire protection molding. As a result, the respective partial stream is further weakened due to increased scattering or spreading, whereby the temperature of the flame drops further, particularly on the back of the fire protection molding.Consequently, the shape of the fire protection molded part according to the invention increases the fire protection effect compared to conventionally used cross-sectional shapes without a “zigzag” contour.

[0158] The fire protection molded part according to the invention is flexible, bendable, and / or moldable or capable of being formed into a tubular or substantially tubular shape. The fire protection molded part according to the invention is also easy to install and has a lower weight compared to conventional fire protection ducts, which offers advantages in terms of mechanical stability under heat exposure.

[0159] The fire protection molded part according to the invention, preferably in tubular form, can be used to enclose cables or pipelines (new installations). However, it can also be used for the subsequent protection of existing cables, pipelines, cable ducts, or the like. This option was generally not available with the fire protection ducts used to date due to their space requirements or installation limitations. In this case, the item to be protected can be encased in an overlapping manner with a flat section of the fire protection molded part in the installed state. Ideally, the overlap, also called overlap, is at least 10 cm to ensure proper fire protection.If, in the overlapping arrangement of the fire protection molding, the inward-facing corner of the outer layer is arranged on the inward-facing corner of the inner layer in the area of ​​the overlap and the outward-facing corner of the outer layer is arranged on the outward-facing corner of the inner layer, the "zigzag" shape contributes to further mechanical stabilization of the fire protection molding in the event of a fire or when external forces are applied, similar to a tilting of molded parts or a positive fit. The fire protection molding can then preferably be fastened mechanically, e.g., by means of galvanized binding wire or tension clamps. The star-shaped design of the contour of the fire protection molding according to the invention thus offers a simple but well-secured closure of the structure.

[0160] A further advantage of the fire protection molding according to the invention is that, due to the above-described "zigzag" shape of the contour of the fire protection molding, the object encased in the fire protection molding is forcibly held at a predetermined minimum distance from the surroundings of the fire protection molding in all directions, even without additional structural aids such as holding devices or the like. In contrast, in a conventional fire protection duct, the cable to be protected rests on the lowest point of the fire protection duct due to gravity, as seen in cross-section. This means that the cable to be protected is only separated from the surroundings by the thickness of the fire protection duct. In contrast, the distance of the cable to be protected from the surroundings is the thickness of the fire protection duct plus the difference between the radii of the inscribed circle, on which the inward-facing corners are located, and the circumscribed circle, on which the outward-facing corners are located.Depending on the selected geometry, this difference can be several times the thickness of the fire protection molding.

[0161] If the number of inward-facing corners is 3 or more, the mechanical stability of the fire protection molding according to the invention is particularly high.

[0162] Advantageous embodiments of the fire protection molded part according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0163] Thus, the polygon can have at least one incircle and at least one circumcircle. The inward-facing corners are located on the incircle or on a plurality of incircles. Furthermore, the outward-facing corners are located on the circumcircle or on a plurality of circumcircles.

[0164] If the polygon has a shape with a single inscribed circle and a circumcircle as described above, the crest height, i.e., the difference between the radii of the inscribed circle and the circumcircle, is the same for all corners. This facilitates the installation of the fire protection molding, especially when an overlap or overhang is provided.

[0165] The difference between the radii of the inscribed circle and the circumscribed circle, i.e., the crest height, is preferably between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 8 and 25 mm, in particular between 10 and 20 mm. If a small crest height is selected, a particularly homogeneous temperature distribution on the surface of the fire protection molding is advantageously achieved in the event of a fire. If, on the other hand, a large crest height is selected, particularly above the preferred range specified above, a rather inhomogeneous temperature distribution on the surface of the fire protection molding is achieved in the event of a fire, with elevated temperatures in the corner region.

[0166] If the polygon has a shape with a plurality of inner circles and / or circumcircles in the sense explained above, the design range for the fire protection molded part according to the invention is considerably expanded.

[0167] Furthermore, the amount of the difference between the radius of the outermost circumference and the radius of the innermost inscribed circle, ie the maximum comb height, can be between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 8 and 25 mm, in particular between 10 and 20 mm.

[0168] According to the inventor's findings, adjusting the difference as defined above allows the distance between the object to be protected and the surrounding area to be adjusted. This allows the fire protection properties, in particular the fire resistance duration and the insulating effect, of the fire protection molding according to the invention to be adjusted as needed.

[0169] The difference between the radius of the outermost circumscribed circle and the radius of the innermost inscribed circle, i.e. the maximum crest height, can be between 5 and 25 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm. If the maximum crest height is less than 5 mm, the contour of the fire protection molded part is, to a certain extent, too flat, so that a sufficient amount of fire protection material or coating material may not be applied. If the maximum crest height exceeds 25 mm, the risk of the carrier material tearing at the edge (outward-facing corner in the cross-sectional view) is increased. The range from 10 to 20 mm, in particular 15 mm, is particularly preferred, as this provides a sufficiently large surface area to accommodate the fire protection material or coating material and, at the same time, ensures high mechanical stability.

[0170] In addition or alternatively, the radius of the outermost circumference may be between 9 and 200 mm, preferably 15 to 150 mm.

[0171] In addition or alternatively, the radius of the innermost inscribed circle can be between 5 and 100 mm, more preferably between 10 and 60 mm, in particular between 10 and 50 mm.

[0172] By adjusting the radius of the outermost circumferential circle and / or the radius of the innermost inscribed circle to the specified ranges, it is possible to specifically adjust the outer circumferential surface of the fire protection molding according to the invention. For example, when adjusting the outer circumferential surface, it is possible to consider the circumferential surface required to apply the mass of fire protection coating material required to achieve a specified fire protection effect to the fire protection molding without exceeding the maximum layer thickness of the fire protection molding.

[0173] Furthermore, the fire protection material can comprise a carrier material. The carrier material contains a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate, or the carrier material consists of one of these or any mixture thereof.

[0174] Additionally or alternatively, the carrier material can have an average layer thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2 mm. It is preferably possible for the layer thickness at any point on the carrier material to deviate from the average layer thickness of the carrier material (T) by a maximum of 20%, preferably by a maximum of 10%, in particular by a maximum of 5%.

[0175] Additionally or alternatively, the carrier material may be formed as a braided yarn, a woven fabric, a braided plait or a lattice structure.

[0176] Fiber silicate is a high-temperature-resistant material that, particularly when used as woven fabric or yarn, is characterized by its low density and thus a low mass-related load on the material to be protected. Alternatively, the use of a basalt fabric as the carrier material is also conceivable.

[0177] If the average layer thickness of the carrier material exceeds 4 mm, the fire protection molded part becomes too stiff and can no longer be wrapped around the object to be protected. If the average layer thickness of the carrier material falls below 0.5 mm, the insulating effect of the carrier material and / or its mechanical stability may be insufficient.

[0178] The fire protection material may comprise a first coating material, wherein the first coating material is applied to the carrier material or contained in the carrier material.

[0179] The first coating material can be applied to one or both sides of the carrier material, with one-sided application being preferred. The first coating material can be applied to the inner and / or outer peripheral surface or lateral surface of the fire protection molding, preferably to the inner peripheral surface of the fire protection molding.

[0180] The fire protection material may further comprise a primer, which preferably contains or consists of a primer, a hardener, and a thinner. The primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 10%; Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavored (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0181] The hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0182] The thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%.

[0183] The respective mass fractions of the components of the primer, hardener, and thinner preferably relate to the mass of the primer. The mass ratio of the primer to the hardener is preferably 4 to 6, preferably 5, to 1.

[0184] The inventor has surprisingly found that the presence of a primer results in good adhesion of the first coating material to the carrier material.

[0185] Furthermore, it has been observed that even after applying the primer to the first coating material already present on the substrate, good adhesion of the first coating material to the substrate can be achieved. This is presumably due to the primer diffusing through the first coating material from the outside and exerting its adhesive effect between the first coating material and the substrate.

[0186] The first coating material expands or foams when exposed to heat, thus developing a heat-protective effect. The primer does not impair the heat-protective effect of the first coating material. Surprisingly, the primer with the composition according to the invention causes no or no significant chemical change in the first coating material. Thus, in contrast to other primers, the primer according to the invention causes no or no significant increase in the stiffness of the first coating material, which would make bending the fire protection material more difficult.

[0187] In addition, the presence of the primer prevents the formation of cracks in the first coating material or significantly reduces the formation of cracks when the fire protection material is bent or curved to form the inventive fire protection molded part, i.e., a polygonal sheath for cables or lines. This prevents or at least reduces the penetration of moisture with the aforementioned negative consequences. Consequently, when used as a sheath for a cable or line, the fire protection molded part retains its fire protection properties even when exposed to moisture. This makes the inventive fire protection molded part weather-resistant when used outdoors and insensitive to, for example, extinguishing agents such as water from a sprinkler system when used indoors.

[0188] In a further embodiment, the first coating material may contain or consist of a one-component material. The one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of <1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; whereby the respective mass fraction preferably relates to the mass of the one-component material (1K).

[0189] In a further embodiment, the fire protection molded part can further comprise a second coating material. The second coating material can be applied to the primer or to a mixture of the primer and the first coating material. The second coating material can contain or consist of a first two-component material, a second two-component material, and preferably the thinner.

[0190] The first two-component material preferably contains the following substances: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; light aromatic solvent naphtha (petroleum) (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.5 to 5%; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-N-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-[(2-methylpropylidene)amino]cyclohexanemethylamine (CAS No. 54914-37-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 15%; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate (CAS No. 108-65-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5; and Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (CAS No. 763-69-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0191] The second two-component material preferably contains the following substances: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Aromatics, hydrocarbons, C9 (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%.

[0192] The respective mass fraction of the components of the first two-component material and the second two-component material preferably relates to the mass of the second coating material. The thinner preferably makes up the remaining mass fraction of the second coating material.

[0193] The presence of the second coating material has the advantage of accelerating the expansion or foaming of the first coating material, thus achieving the fire protection effect of the first coating material more quickly. Furthermore, the second coating material advantageously provides a protective layer for the first coating material, for example, against external mechanical damage.

[0194] The primer proposed according to the invention is also chemically compatible with the second coating material, so that the chemical properties of the second coating material are not significantly impaired or altered. Rather, the primer improves the adhesion of the second coating material to the first coating material, thus improving the overall mechanical stability of the fire protection material.

[0195] In a preferred embodiment of the fire protection molded part, the first coating material can have an average layer thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2 mm. The layer thickness of the first coating material can deviate from the average layer thickness of the first coating material at any point by preferably no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10%, in particular no more than 5%.

[0196] If the average layer thickness of the first coating material is too thin, adequate fire protection cannot be ensured. If the average layer thickness is too thick, the fire protection effect cannot be further improved, and coating material is wasted. For the first coating material, an average layer thickness in the range of 1.5 to 2 mm is optimal, as this allows for a high insulating effect with relatively little material usage.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment of the fire protection molded part, the second coating material can have an average layer thickness in the range from 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2 mm. Alternatively, the first coating material and the second coating material together can have an average layer thickness in the range from 1 to 4 mm. Preferably, the layer thickness of the second coating material can deviate at any point by a maximum of 20%, preferably by a maximum of 10%, in particular by a maximum of 5%, from the average layer thickness of the second coating material. Or the layer thickness of the combination of the first coating material and the second coating material can deviate at any point by a maximum of 20%, preferably by a maximum of 10%, in particular by a maximum of 5%, from the average layer thickness of the combination of the first coating material and the second coating material.

[0198] If the average layer thickness of the second coating material is too thin, adequate fire protection cannot be ensured. If the average layer thickness is too thick, the fire protection effect cannot be further improved, and coating material is wasted. For the second coating material, an average layer thickness in the range of 1.5 to 2 mm is optimal, as this allows for a high insulating effect with relatively little material usage.

[0199] The fire protection molded part according to the invention can preferably be produced by the method described below, wherein the method comprises at least the steps: (a) providing a carrier material; (b) applying a first coating material to the carrier material; wherein the application of the first coating material is preferably carried out by dipping, rolling or spraying; and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour (1 h), preferably at least 2 hours; and (c) applying a primer to the coated substrate obtained in step (b); and preferably allowing it to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours; thereby preserving the fire protection material; and (d) shaping the fire protection material obtained in step (c) such that it has the shape of an elongated hollow body, wherein the fire protection material has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star, in cross-sectional view. The polygon has inward-facing corners and outward-facing corners, wherein the number of inward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 2, preferably between 2 and 64; wherein the number of outward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 3, preferably between 3 and 64; and wherein the number of outward-facing corners is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners; whereby the fire protection molded part is obtained.

[0200] The primer is preferably the primer defined in claim 5. The carrier material is preferably the carrier material defined in claim 2. Furthermore, the first coating material is preferably the first coating material defined in at least one of claims 5, 6, or 8.

[0201] The method according to the invention is characterized by simple handling and high flexibility.

[0202] In a further embodiment, the method may further comprise the step of: (e) applying a second coating material to the fire protection material obtained in step (c); and preferably allow to set for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours.

[0203] If step (e) described above is carried out in the process according to the invention, step (d) of the process described above is accordingly: (d) shaping the fire protection material obtained in step (e) such that it has the shape of an elongated hollow body, wherein the fire protection material has the shape of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star, in cross-sectional view. The polygon has inward-facing corners and outward-facing corners, wherein the number of inward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 2, preferably between 2 and 64; wherein the number of outward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 3, preferably between 3 and 64; and wherein the number of outward-facing corners is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners; whereby the fire protection molded part is obtained.

[0204] The second coating material is preferably the second coating material defined in at least one of claims 7 or 9.

[0205] The fire protection molded part according to the invention is particularly suitable for protecting cables and lines, i.e., for encasing tubular objects with a relatively small diameter, especially in the range of 10 to 50 mm. In such enclosures, the fire protection molded part is particularly suitable for forming curves with small radii. Crack formation is suppressed to such an extent that the fire protection effect of the fire protection material according to the invention is maintained even under external influences of moisture, such as precipitation outdoors or exposure to splash water in enclosed spaces.

[0206] In an advantageous embodiment, the first coating material may contain or consist of a single-component material. The single-component material preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%.

[0207] The respective mass fraction can preferably refer to the mass of the single-component material.

[0208] If the first coating material contains or consists of the single-component material as described above, it is characterized by good expansion or foaming properties and thus by a good fire protection effect.

[0209] According to the invention, an optimal number of outward-facing corners can also be determined by ensuring that an angle α (internal angle) enclosed by the legs of the respective outward-facing corner lies within a predetermined range. Thus, the angle α enclosed by the legs of at least one, preferably all, outward-facing corners can be between 10 and 60°, preferably 20 to 40°. If the angle α is too small, there is a risk that the fire protection molded part or its coating will crack at the edge (outward-facing corner in the cross-sectional view) or is more likely to be damaged or functionally disrupted there. If the angle α is too large, the mechanical stability of the fire protection molded part is too low and the amount of fire protection material or coating material that can be applied is too small.

[0210] The object of the invention is further achieved by the use according to claim 11. This proposes the use of a polygon, preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star, as the shape for a cross-section of a fire protection molded part. The polygon has inward-facing corners and outward-facing corners. The number of inward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 2, preferably between 2 and 32. The number of outward-facing corners is a natural number ≥ 3, preferably between 3 and 32. The number of outward-facing corners is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners.

[0211] According to a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, the fire protection molded part can be a fire protection molded part according to one of claims 1 to 10.

[0212] The advantages disclosed in connection with the fire protection molded part according to the invention apply analogously to the use according to the invention. Further disclosure of the invention

[0213] According to the invention, the primer G of the primer P can be in particular the primer with the designation “Seevenax Primer 113-74” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg), the hardener H can be the hardener with the designation “Seevenax 115-74” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg) and the thinner V can be a thinner with the designation “Thinner 903-76” (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg).

[0214] According to the invention, the first coating material S1 can contain the one-component material 1K with the following composition: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; where the respective mass fraction refers to the mass of the single-component material 1K.

[0215] According to the invention, the second coating material S2 can contain, as the first two-component material 2K1, a topcoat named "ALEXIT Topcoat 467-76 383N Flame Red 3000 Matt" (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg). Furthermore, the second coating material S2 can contain, as the second two-component material 2K2, a hardener named "ALEXIT Hardener 405-74" (Mankiewicz Gebr. & Co., Hamburg).

[0216] The primer according to the invention, in particular the primer, the hardener and the thinner, the first coating material, in particular the one-component material, the second coating material, in particular the first two-component material and the second two-component material, may contain further conventional substances known to the person skilled in the art as well as technically unavoidable impurities, so that the sum of the ingredients of the material considered in each case amounts to 100%.

[0217] Preferred embodiments of the fire protection molded part according to the invention are the subject of the drawing. Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the fire protection molding according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the fire protection molding according to the invention; Fig.3 is a schematic representation of an inscribed circle and a circumscribed circle of the first embodiment of the fire protection molded part according to the invention; Fig. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the fire protection molding according to the invention; Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a plurality of inscribed circles and a plurality of circumscribed circles of the third embodiment of the fire protection molded part according to the invention; Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a state of the fire protection molding according to the invention before and after exposure to fire or heat; and Fig. 7 ( Fig. 7a to 7g) is a representation of a selection of configurations of the contour of exemplary embodiments of the fire protection molded part according to the invention.

[0218] Fig.1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention. The fire protection molded part F contains a fire protection material B or consists thereof. The first embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention has the shape of an equilateral star with six outward-facing corners EA or tips P and six inward-facing corners EI. The outward-facing corners EA are arranged on a single circumcircle U. The inward-facing corners EI are arranged on a single incircle I. The distance between the incircle I and the circumcircle U is specified by the difference D, which corresponds to a crest height of the respective tip P. The two legs of an outward-facing corner EA enclose the angle α.

[0219] Fig.2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention. The fire protection molded part F contains a fire protection material B or consists thereof. The second embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention has the shape of a star with eight outward-facing corners EA or points P and eight inward-facing corners EI. The outward-facing corners EA are arranged on a single circumcircle U. In contrast, four of the inward-facing corners EI are arranged on a first incircle I1 and four on a second, more outward-facing incircle I2. The two legs of an outward-facing corner EA enclose the angle α.

[0220] Fig.3 schematically shows the inscribed circle I and circumscribed circle U belonging to the first embodiment of the fire protection molded part according to the invention. The crest height of the respective tip P is calculated as the absolute value of the difference D between the radius RU of the circumscribed circle U and the radius RI of the inscribed circle I.

[0221] Fig.4 is a schematic cross-sectional partial view of a third embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention. The fire protection molded part F contains a fire protection material B or consists thereof. The third embodiment of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention has the shape of a star with 24 outward-facing corners EA or points P and 24 inward-facing corners EI. Twelve of the outward-facing corners EA are arranged on a first circumcircle U1 and 12 on a second, further outward circumcircle U2. Furthermore, 12 of the inward-facing corners EI are arranged on a first incircle I1 and 12 on a second, further outward incircle I2.

[0222] Fig.Figure 5 schematically shows the inscribed circles I1; I2 and circumscribed circles U1; U2 belonging to the third embodiment of the inventive fire protection molded part F. The maximum crest height is calculated as the difference D between the radius RU2 of the outermost circumscribed circle U2 and the radius RI1 of the innermost inscribed circle I1.

[0223] Fig.Figure 6 schematically shows the state of the fire protection molded part F according to the invention before (left side) and after exposure to fire or heat (right side). It can be seen here that, as a result of the heat exposure, the shape of the fire protection molded part F changes from a polygonal or star shape to a circular or substantially circular shape (see right side) due to the expansion of the fire protection material B or a component of the fire protection material B (not shown). The radius RF of the fire protection molded part F after exposure to fire or heat is larger than the radius RU of the circumscribed circle U. Consequently, the fire protection molded part F occupies a significantly larger volume after exposure to fire or heat than before exposure to fire or heat.

[0224] Fig.Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a selection of contour configurations of exemplary embodiments of the fire protection molding according to the invention. For example, the cross-sectional view of the fire protection molding according to the invention can be a polygon with three outward-facing corners (EA = 3) and three inward-facing corners (EI = 3) ( Fig. 7a), a polygon with EA = 4 / EI = 4 ( Fig. 7b), a polygon with EA = 6 / EI = 6 ( Fig. 7c), a polygon with EA = 6 / EI = 6 ( Fig. 7d), a polygon with EA = 7 / EI = 7 ( Fig. 7e), a polygon with EA = 8 / EI = 8 ( Fig. 7f) or a polygon with EA = 16 / EI = 16 ( Fig. 7g). Fire protection test of the fire protection molded part according to the invention

[0225] A fire protection test of a cable was conducted by a building authority-approved testing, monitoring, and certification body in accordance with IEC 60331-21: 1999-04. The cable was tested once without a covering and once covered with the fire protection molding according to the invention. The purpose of the test was to determine the insulation content of the cable under flame exposure, both without and with a covering made of the fire protection material according to the invention. The tested fire protection molding had the following composition: fiber silicate as the carrier material, a primer of the composition (including quantities) according to claim 5, a first coating material (including quantities) according to claim 6, and a second coating material (including quantities) according to claim 7.

[0226] Conditions: Test cable: Sienopyr FR (L)M2XH 4x10 black 0.6 / 1kV (manufacturer: PRYSMIAN Kabel und Systeme GmbH), nominal voltage up to 0.6 / 1 kV, test voltage 1000 V AC (phase - phase), test duration: 90 min. Fire protection test

[0227] Each 1.2 m long test cable was straightened and stored temporarily. In Test 1, the cable was tested without any fire protection material. In Test 2, the cable was tested with a single layer of the inventive fire protection molding sheathed. In Test 3, the cable was placed in a cable tray, with the cable tray being covered with a single layer of the inventive fire protection molding. The test cable was positioned in the cable tray on the side facing the burner (Test 3). The electrical connection of the test cables was carried out in accordance with IEC 60331-21. The four cores of the cable were connected to L1, L2, L3 and N. The voltage between the phases was 1000 V AC. The cable holder or cable tray was earthed. The current flow per conductor of 0.25 A was achieved using four load resistors. The insulation integrity was displayed with an LED panel. The cable was tested for a period of 90 minutes orThe test was carried out in a test chamber according to IEC 61034-1. The test was conducted in a test chamber according to IEC 61034-1. All other requirements of the above-mentioned standard were also met. The test was shut down after 90 minutes at the latest. Table 6: Test evaluation of fire protection test: test Description Short circuit or conductor break during 90 min flame exposure Insulation integrity fulfilled according to standard #1 Cables without fire protection material yes, after 9:45 min no #2 Cable single-layer sheathed with inventive fire protection molding no Yes #3 Cable in cable tray, with cable tray single-layer covered with inventive fire protection molding no Yes Results of fire protection test

[0228] Test #1: The test cable without fire protection material failed the test requirements. After just 9:45 minutes, a short circuit caused the fuses to blow.

[0229] Test #2: The test cable, which was covered with a single layer of the fire protection molding according to the invention, met the requirements of the test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04 (90 min), since neither the fuses nor the luminaires failed during the 90-minute flame exposure and the 15-minute cooling phase.

[0230] Test #3: The test cable, which was inserted into a cable tray covered with a single layer of the fire protection molding according to the invention, met the requirements of the test based on IEC 60331-21: 1999-04 (90 min), since neither the fuses nor the lights failed during the 90-minute flame exposure and the 15-minute cooling phase.

[0231] Lifespan analysis of the fire protection molding according to the invention under outdoor conditions

[0232] The subject of the investigation is the lifetime analysis of the fire protection molding according to the invention under outdoor conditions in accordance with the criteria and procedures defined by the European Organization for Technical Assessment (EOTA) in the following reference documents for the assessment of fire protection products: - ETAG 026-2 Version August 2011 Fire Stopping and Fire Sealing Products. Part 2: Penetration Seals - EOTATechnical Report 024 Version July 2009 Characterization, Aspects of Durability and Factory Production Control for Reactive Materials, Components and Products

[0233] The assessment was conducted by the Instituto de Tecnología de la Construcción de Cataluña (ITeC). The tests were conducted in an accredited laboratory. Background and conditions of lifetime analysis

[0234] As part of the service life analysis, a fire protection molded part according to the invention with the same composition as the fire protection material described and tested above was tested. The operating weather conditions correspond to Type X (outdoor use) as defined in the reference documents listed above, in particular EOTA TR 024 Section 4.2.3. The assessment of this category takes the following influencing factors into account, in the order given: - UV exposure - Rain - Temperatures between -20°C and 70°C - High humidity

[0235] The methods for assessing lifetime are based on a product lifetime of 10 years. Methodology of lifetime analysis

[0236] The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate whether the fire protection properties of the inventive fire protection molding are significantly impaired as a result of climatic influences. For this purpose, fabric samples are subjected to accelerated aging cycles as described below. The thermal efficiency of these aged fabric samples and of the control samples of the inventive fire protection molding that were not subjected to the aging cycles are then determined in order to compare the results between the two sample types. To test the thermal efficiency, the fire protection molding is placed on steel plates and the samples are subjected to the external fire curve according to EN 1363-23 to determine the temperature increase of the steel plates protected by the fabric. The time until the steel plates reach a temperature of 280°C and 400°C and the expansion height are determined.Before testing the thermal efficiency, the thickness, basis weight and appearance of the aged samples are determined, both before and after the aging cycles.

[0237] The samples intended for accelerated ageing were subjected to Type X conditions according to EOTA TR 024 Section 4.2.3. Ageing was carried out in two consecutive phases: Phase 1: UV chamber

[0238] Exposure of the samples in a UV chamber for 28 days under the conditions specified in EN ISO 4892-3 using combination A.2 with type 1A lamps (see Table 1 of the standard) and cycle No. 3 (see Table 4) (cf. EN ISO 4892-3: 2006 Plastics. Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources. Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps (ISO 4892-3:2006).

[0239] The exposure consists of 112 uninterrupted cycles, one cycle includes: - 5 h dry phase (50 ± 3)°C and relative humidity below 15% - 1 h water spray at a chamber temperature of (25 ± 3)°C

[0240] The UV radiation (45 W / m 2 , 290 nm to 400 nm) is maintained throughout all cycles. Phase 2: Climate chamber

[0241] The samples were exposed to the climatic chamber for 14 days according to the hydrothermal cycle defined in Table 2 below. Table 7: Hydrothermal cycles (RH = relative humidity). day phase 1 (6 h) 2 (6 h) 3 (6 h) 4 (6 h) 1 and 2 (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (70 ± 3)°C, (20 ± 5)% RH (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (70 ± 3)°C, (20 ± 5)% RH 3 and 4 (20 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (30 ± 3)°C, (40 ± 5)% RH (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (30 ± 3)°C, (40 ± 5)% RH 5, 6 and 7 (- 20 ± 3)°C (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH (- 20 ± 3)°C (40 ± 3)°C, saturation RH

[0242] The hydrothermal cycle is performed twice until a continuous exposure of 14 days is achieved. Results of the lifetime analysis

[0243] Table 3 shows the effects of accelerated aging on the aged samples before and after the exposure cycles as described above. Table 8: Effects of aging Characteristic Samples before testing Samples after UV chamber Samples after hydrothermal cycles Total loss mass per unit area (kg / m 2 ) 2,407 2,357 2,350 2,36 % Thickness (mm) 1,64 1,62 1,47 10,3 % Look - Occasional occurrence of spots with white powder on the top layer after aging in the UV chamber 1 Due to the heterogeneous nature and roughness of the product surface, there is considerable dispersion in determining the individual thicknesses. Average values ​​have been used, but the results should be considered guidelines.

[0244] Subsequently, the aged samples (after the cycles according to Table 2) and the control samples (which have not been subjected to the aging cycles) are subjected to a thermal efficiency test to compare the protection times of both sample types. Table 9: Thermal efficiency test (all values ​​are averages of 10 samples tested) Samples Time 1 (minutes) until the evaluation temperature is reached Final expansion height 2 (mm) Expansion ratio 3 T = 280 °C T = 400 °C control 27,6 63,2 27,4 18,9 aged 26,9 58,1 28,5 20,0 1 In order to compare the results of the control samples and the aged samples, the assumed results were corrected with the surface mass using a linear approach. 2 S high DisBoth the values ​​for the expansion height and the expansion ratio are to be understood as guide values ​​due to the persion of the individual values. 3 Relationship between final expansion height and thickness before testing Evaluation of the lifetime analysis

[0245] According to the reference documents indicated above, the following evaluation criteria are defined: (a) The mean time to reach the evaluation temperature of the aged samples shall not be less than 85% of the mean time for the control samples. (b) The individual time to reach the evaluation temperature of all aged samples shall not be less than 80% of the mean time for the control samples. The evaluation results according to these criteria are shown in Table 5. Table 10: Behavior of the aged samples Evaluation criterion Evaluation temperature Evaluation T = 280 °C T = 400 °C (a) mean times 97,4 % 92,0 % Criterion is met (b) Individual times all samples > 89% 1 sample = 78%, all other samples > 86% Criterion is met (see comment below)

[0246] The mean time required to reach the evaluation temperature of the aged samples (above evaluation criterion (a)) is at least 92% at both evaluation temperatures, thus fulfilling evaluation criterion (a).

[0247] When considering the individual times (above evaluation criterion (b)), all samples reach the evaluation temperature of 280 °C in at least 89% of the average time of the control samples. Regarding the evaluation temperature of 400 °C, all samples except one are at > 86%. Thus, evaluation criterion (b) is also easily met with one exception. The only sample that does not meet evaluation criterion (b) has a mass per unit area of ​​2.26 kg / m 2 (2.21 kg / m 2after aging). This is the lowest value of all samples. The product's area-related mass loss due to the aging cycles is acceptable.

[0248] Thus, no negative aging influence can be observed on the final thickness of the samples after the thermal efficiency test (final expansion height). Due to the uneven product surface, the thickness measurements should be considered as guidelines, both for the initial fabric and for the expanded fire protection material after the thermal efficiency test.

[0249] Accordingly, the fire protection molded part according to the invention investigated is considered suitable for use in weather conditions of type X (outdoor use) with a planned service life of 10 years.

[0250] In summary, it can be concluded that the fire protection molding according to the invention meets the requirements of both the fire protection test and the service life analysis. Thus, when used to enclose a cable, a line, a structural part, or a system-related installation component, the fire protection molding according to the invention offers improved fire protection due to its polygonal shape in cross-sectional view. The fire protection effect can be further improved even in weather-related applications by using the primer, which effectively prevents cracking in the coating of the fire protection molding when forming radii, especially tight radii. Claims 1. Fire protection moulding (F) for enclosing a cable, a line or a structural part of a building; wherein the fire protection molded part (F) preferably has the shape of an elongated hollow body; wherein the fire protection molded part (F) has the shape of a polygon (P), preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star, in the cross-sectional view; wherein the polygon (P) has inward-facing corners (El) and outward-facing corners (EA); wherein the number of inward-facing corners (EI) is a natural number ≥ 2, preferably between 2 and 32; wherein the number of outward-facing corners (EA) is a natural number ≥ 3, preferably between 3 and 32; where the number of outward-facing corners (EA) is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners (EI); and wherein the fire protection molded part (F) comprises a fire protection material (B) or consists of a fire protection material (B). 2. Fire protection molded part (F) according to claim 1, characterized in that the polygon (P) has at least one incircle (I) and at least one circumcircle (U); wherein the inwardly facing corners (El) are arranged on the incircle (I) or on a plurality of incircles (I1, I2, ...); and wherein the outwardly facing corners (EA) are arranged on the circumference (U) or on a plurality of circumferences (U1, U2, ...). 3. Fire protection molding (F) according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of the difference (D) between the radius (RU) of the outermost circumference (U) and the radius (RI) of the innermost inscribed circle (I) is between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 8 and 25 mm, in particular between 10 and 20 mm; and / or wherein the radius (RU) of the outermost circumference (U) is preferably between 9 and 200 mm, preferably 15 to 150 mm; and / or wherein the radius (RI) of the innermost inscribed circle (I) is preferably between 5 and 100 mm, more preferably between 10 and 60 mm, in particular between 10 and 50 mm. 4. Fire protection molded part (F) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) has a carrier material (T); wherein the carrier material (T) contains or consists of a fiber silicate, preferably a calcium silicate and / or a silicon silicate; and / or wherein the carrier material (T) preferably has an average layer thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm; and / or wherein the layer thickness at any point of the carrier material preferably deviates from the average layer thickness of the carrier material (T) by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, in particular by at most 5%; and / or the carrier material (T) is formed as a braided yarn, a woven fabric, a braided plait or a lattice structure. 5. Fire protection molding (F) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a first coating material (S1); wherein the first coating material (S1) is applied to the carrier material (T) or contained in the carrier material (T); wherein the fire protection material (B) further comprises a primer (P); wherein the primer (P) preferably contains or consists of a primer (G), a hardener (H) and a thinner (V); where the primer (G) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 10%; Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 5 to 12.5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; where the hardener (H) contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; where the thinner (V) contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 40 to less than 100%; Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 20%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 20 to 25%; wherein the respective mass fraction of the components of the primer (G), the hardener (H) and the thinner (V) preferably relates to the mass of the primer (P); and wherein the mass ratio of the primer (G) to the hardener (H) is preferably 4 to 6, preferably 5, to 1. 6. Fire protection molded part (F) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first coating material (S1) contains or consists of a one-component material (1K); wherein the one-component material (1K) preferably contains the following substances: Triphenyl phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Nonylphenol ethoxylate (CAS No. 9016-45-9), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Ammonium hydroxide (CAS No. 1336-21-6), preferably in a mass fraction of < 1%; Pyrithione zinc (CAS No. 13463-41-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; Terbutryn (CAS No. 886-50-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; and Zinc oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.2%; wherein the respective mass fraction preferably refers to the mass of the one-component material (1K). 7. Fire protection molded part (F) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the fire protection material (B) further comprises a second coating material (S2); wherein the second coating material (S2) is applied to the primer (P) or to a mixture of the primer (P) and the first coating material (S1); wherein the second coating material (S2) contains or consists of a first two-component material (2K1), a second two-component material (2K2) and preferably the thinner (V); wherein the first two-component material (2K1) preferably contains the following substances: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; light aromatic solvent naphtha (petroleum) (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.5 to 5%; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-N-(2-methylpropylidene)-5-[(2-methylpropylidene)amino]cyclohexanemethylamine (CAS No. 54914-37-3), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 12.5 to 15%; 2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate (CAS No. 108-65-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; and Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (CAS No. 763-69-9), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the second two-component material (2K2) preferably contains the following substances: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2), preferably in a mass fraction of at least 40%; Aromatics, hydrocarbons, C9 (CAS No. 64742-95-6), preferably in a mass fraction of 25 to 40%; Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.25 to 0.5%; Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7), preferably in a mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.25%; and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4), preferably in a mass fraction of 1 to 5%; wherein the respective mass fraction of the components of the first two-component material (2K1) and the second two-component material (2K2) preferably relates to the mass of the second coating material (S2); and wherein the thinner (V) preferably makes up the remaining mass fraction of the second coating material (S2). 8. Fire protection molded part (F) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first coating material (S1) has an average layer thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm; wherein preferably the layer thickness of the first coating material (S1) at any point deviates by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, in particular by at most 5%, from the average layer thickness of the first coating material (S1). 9. Fire protection molding (F) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second coating material (S2) has an average layer thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm; or the first coating material (S1) and the second coating material (S2) together have an average layer thickness in the range of 1 to 4 mm; and wherein the layer thickness of the second coating material (S2) at any point preferably deviates by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, in particular by at most 5%, from the average layer thickness of the second coating material (S2); or wherein preferably the layer thickness of the combination of the first coating material (S1) and the second coating material (S2) deviates at any point by at most 20%, preferably by at most 10%, in particular by at most 5%, from the average layer thickness of the combination of the first coating material (S1) and the second coating material (S2). 10. Fire protection molded part (F) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an angle (α) enclosed by the legs of at least one, preferably all, outwardly facing corners (EA) is between 10 and 60 °, preferably 20 to 40 °. 11. Use of a polygon (P), preferably a star, in particular an equilateral star, as a shape for a cross-section of a fire protection molded part (F); wherein the polygon (P) has inward-facing corners (El) and outward-facing corners (EA); wherein the number of inward-facing corners (EI) is a natural number ≥ 2, preferably between 2 and 32; wherein the number of outward-facing corners (EA) is a natural number ≥ 3, preferably between 3 and 32; and where the number of outward-facing corners (EA) is greater than or equal to the number of inward-facing corners (EI). 12. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the fire protection molded part (F) is a fire protection molded part (F) according to one of claims 1 to 10. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2017 108 976.4 [0011, 0012, 0013, 0014, 0015, 0021, 0024, 0025, 0026, 0027, 0028, 0029, 0031, 0032, 0034, 0035, 0037, 0038, 0040, 0045, 0053, 0064, 0070] DE 10 2018 102 007.4 [0041, 0042, 0043, 0044, 0045] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] EN ISO 4892-3:2006 [0128, 0238] ISO 4892-3:2006 [0128, 0238]

Claims

[1] Fire protection structure comprising or consisting of at least: a first shell and a second shell; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a material which expands when exposed to heat, preferably a fire protection material; wherein the heat-expandable material is expandable graphite, a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer; wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, where the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); where the hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and wherein the thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4. [2] Fire protection structure according to claim 1, further comprising: a third shell, wherein the third shell surrounds or encloses the second shell; wherein the third shell contains or consists of a fire protection material. [3] Fire protection structure comprising or consisting of at least: a first shell; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; and wherein the first shell has a coating on its outer peripheral surface or on its inner and outer peripheral surface, wherein the coating contains a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer, or consists of one of these combinations; and wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, where the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); where the hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and wherein the thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4. [4] Use of a first shell and a second shell in a fire protection structure, preferably in a fire protection molded part, to improve the thermal insulation effect; wherein the first shell surrounds or encloses an interior space, wherein the interior is suitable for accommodating a cable, a line or a pipe or sections thereof; wherein the first shell contains or consists of at least one aerogel; and wherein the second shell surrounds or encloses the first shell; wherein the second shell contains or consists of a material which expands when exposed to heat; wherein the heat-expandable material is expandable graphite or a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer; wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, where the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); where the hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and wherein the thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4. [5] Use of an aerogel; and a material which expands when exposed to heat in a fire protection structure or fire protection system to improve the thermal protection effect; wherein the heat-expandable material is expandable graphite or a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer; wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, where the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); where the hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and wherein the thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4. [6] Fire protection structure, comprising: an aerogel; and a combination of a first coating material and a primer, or a combination of the first coating material and a second coating material and the primer; wherein the primer contains or consists of a primer, a hardener and a thinner, where the primer contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Reaction product: bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1100 (CAS No. 25068-38-6); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Trizinc bis(orthophosphate) (CAS No. 7779-90-0); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (CAS No. 123-42-2); Solvent naphtha (petroleum), slightly flavoured (CAS No. 64742-95-6); and Silicon dioxide (CAS No. 7631-86-9); where the hardener contains: Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate, homopolymer (CAS No. 28182-81-2); Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics (CAS No. 64742-95-6); Hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate (CAS No. 822-06-0); Dimethylbis[(1-oxoneodecyl)oxy]stannane (CAS No. 68928-76-7); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4); and wherein the thinner contains: Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7); Butan-1-ol (CAS No. 71-36-3); Ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4); and n-Butyl acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4. [7] Fire protection construction according to claim 6, characterized by that the fire protection construction has at least one layer, in particular one, two, three or four layers, each containing the combination of the first material and the primer or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer, and each additionally containing the aerogel in the form of particles, powder, granules or fragments; wherein the volume fraction of the aerogel in the respective layer (reference value: total volume of the layer) is preferably 10 to 98%. [8] Fire protection construction according to claim 6, characterized by that the fire protection structure has at least: at least one layer which contains or consists of the combination of the first material and the primer or the combination of the first material and the second material and the primer; and at least one further layer which contains or consists of the aerogel. [9] Fire protection construction according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by that the fire protection construction is further reinforced with a carrier material on one side outside or on both sides inside and outside.

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