Actuating unit for an electromagnet, electromagnet and drive unit

Abstract

Actuating unit (105) for an electromagnet (100) for actuating an annular armature (130) not belonging to the actuating unit (105), wherein the actuating unit (105) has the following: - a magnetic coil (140) which is designed in a ring shape, - a housing (200) which is radially attached to the outside of the magnetic coil (140), - a magnetic field sensor (240), and - a sensor support (180) which provides anti-rotation protection for an interface element (170) of the electromagnet (100).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an actuating unit for an electromagnet according to claim 1, an electromagnet with such an actuating unit according to claim 30, and a drive unit with such an electromagnet according to claim 39.

[0002] Drive units can be used, for example, to transmit rotary motion between a shaft and a rotary drive element. For instance, the rotary drive element can be powered by an electric motor or other unit, transmitting a rotary motion to the shaft. The shaft can then be connected to an axle or wheel of a vehicle to propel it. The reverse of this power flow is also possible.

[0003] In numerous applications, it is desirable to ensure that the coupling between the shaft and the rotary drive element is switchable. This allows the coupling to be temporarily suspended. For example, this can be used to decouple a vehicle's drive unit, enabling it to coast with minimal engine braking. Furthermore, such switchability can be used, for instance, to selectively engage and disengage power transmission to an axle, such as to implement a selectable all-wheel drive system.

[0004] It is an object of the invention to provide an actuating unit for an electromagnet which, compared to known designs, is implemented in an alternative or improved manner, for example, requiring less wiring complexity. It is a further object of the invention to provide an electromagnet with such an actuating unit. It is also an object of the invention to provide a drive unit with such an electromagnet. This is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the respective main claims. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the respective dependent claims.

[0005] Features of the invention are specified in claims 1, 30 and 39. Embodiments are specified in claims 2 to 29, 31 to 38 and 40, as well as in the description.

[0006] The invention relates to an actuating unit for an electromagnet. The actuating unit is used, in particular, to actuate an annular armature that is not part of the actuating unit. The actuating unit comprises a magnetic coil, which is expediently annular in shape. The actuating unit has a housing that is radially attached to the outside of the magnetic coil. Furthermore, the actuating unit has a magnetic field sensor, which should be integrated into the housing.

[0007] A particularly high level of integration can be achieved using such an actuation unit. The integration of the magnetic field sensor provides functionality that, especially in conjunction with a magnetic field encoder not part of the actuation unit, enables the detection of the armature position. This advantageously eliminates the need to separately mount the magnetic field sensor to a drive unit, thus avoiding the associated additional wiring effort and the need for additional drilling for mounting and wiring the sensor.

[0008] An actuating unit is understood to be, in particular, a unit designed to displace an armature. In this context, the armature is typically an armature that is at least substantially ring-shaped. It is generally sufficient that at least a part or section of the armature is ring-shaped. This can typically be formed circumferentially around a shaft and / or can, in particular, be arranged radially outside a shaft. The magnetic coil is typically arranged radially outside the armature and can move the armature axially by generating a magnetic field. An axial movement is understood to be, in particular, a movement along an axis defined by the magnetic coil. This can, in particular, occur along a central axis of the magnetic coil. This central axis can, in particular, be identical to a central axis of the ring-shaped armature.a ring-shaped section of the armature and the shaft. The description above refers not only to the actuating unit, but also to a complete electromagnet and the drive unit. Both the actuating unit and the armature are components of a finished electromagnet. However, the actuating unit is a separate component of the electromagnet and serves to actuate the armature.

[0009] A magnetic field sensor can be understood to be, in particular, a sensor capable of detecting a magnetic field. Specifically, this can be a Hall sensor. With such a Hall sensor, a defined current is typically passed through the sensor, and a voltage or current generated by an applied magnetic field is measured. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the strength of the applied magnetic field. This enables, in particular, the sensing of the current position or orientation of the armature, provided that a magnetic field transmitter, which generates a magnetic field to be sensed by the magnetic field sensor, is connected to the armature in such a way that an axial movement of the armature also leads to a corresponding axial movement of the magnetic field transmitter. This can be understood, in particular, as an axially displacement-resistant connection.This can, for example, be rigidly designed, or it can be designed, for example, by having an element containing the magnetic field transmitter, such as an interface element, supported on a flat surface of the armature and pressed appropriately against this flat surface.

[0010] In particular, the magnetic field sensor can be arranged axially spaced from the magnetic coil. The term "axial" can refer specifically to a direction defined by a central axis of the magnetic coil. This allows, in particular, the decoupling of the magnetic field sensor from a magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil. This prevents, for example, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil from reaching the magnetic field sensor at an excessive strength and thus impairing the measurement to be performed by the magnetic field sensor.

[0011] Preferably, a shielding magnetic material and / or a magnetic body is arranged between the magnetic field sensor and the magnetic coil to magnetically shield the magnetic field sensor from the magnetic coil. In particular, the magnetically shielding material can be designed as a magnetic body or be a component of a magnetic body. Such a shielding magnetic material can, for example, deflect the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil in such a way that its magnetic field lines are largely shielded from the magnetic field sensor. This also ensures that the measurement to be performed by the magnetic field sensor is influenced as little as possible by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil.

[0012] A magnetic body can, for example, circumferentially surround the magnetic coil on its outer surface. In particular, a ring-shaped section of the magnetic body can be provided for this purpose. Additionally or alternatively, a disc-shaped section of the magnetic body can be present. This disc-shaped section can have a central hole through which the wave can pass. The disc-shaped section can, in particular, provide the shielding effect.

[0013] In particular, the actuating unit can have one or more sensor connection leads arranged radially outside and / or surrounding the shielding magnetic material. A radially outside arrangement can be understood to mean, in particular, that the connection leads are located at a greater distance from a central axis defined by the magnetic coil. A surrounding arrangement can mean, in particular, that the connection leads are arranged outside the shielding magnetic material when the central axis is taken as a reference. This allows for a simple connection of the sensor, especially an electrical connection. Drilling through the shielding magnetic material can thus be advantageously avoided.

[0014] Preferably, the housing includes an electrical connection for attaching a plug. This electrical connection can be used, in particular, to connect the magnetic coil and / or the magnetic field sensor. The plug is not part of the actuating unit itself, but typically serves to electrically connect the components of the actuating unit. Specifically, it can supply the magnetic coil with a current that generates a magnetic field to move the armature. In particular, it can supply the magnetic field sensor with a current that can then be at least partially deflected by an applied magnetic field. This deflection generates a current and / or voltage, which can then be read via connecting wires that can be routed through the electrical connection.

[0015] The electrical connection can be located, particularly within the housing, at a longitudinal end opposite the magnetic field sensor. This allows for advantageous cable routing, which can be especially slim. The definition of longitudinal ends can be based, in particular, on a coil axis or the central axis of the magnetic coil.

[0016] In particular, the housing may have an elongated projection. The magnetic field sensor may be arranged within this elongated projection. The elongated projection may extend along a clearly defined longitudinal direction. This does not preclude it from also having slight angles relative to this longitudinal direction. It may be longer than its width and height, and in particular at least twice or three times as long as its width and / or height. The elongated projection makes it possible to avoid the housing having to conform to the shape of the magnetic coil along its entire required axial extent. The elongated projection may extend parallel to, or at least substantially parallel to, a longitudinal or central axis of the magnetic coil, or be aligned parallel to, or at least substantially parallel to, it.In particular, the elongated projection, viewed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal or central axis of the magnetic coil, can have a smaller cross-sectional area than the magnetic coil, specifically by at least 50%, 80%, or 90%. Cross-sectional area here refers specifically to the entire enclosed space.

[0017] The actuating unit preferably includes a sensor support that is attached to the shielding magnetic material and / or the magnet body and / or the magnetic coil and is mechanically fixed to one end of the elongated projection on which the magnetic field sensor is arranged. This mechanically stabilizes the aforementioned end of the elongated projection. For example, the sensor support can have a sleeve into which the elongated projection is inserted and which preferably rests against the elongated projection on all sides. This also provides protection of the housing against contamination. However, other fastening methods, such as screwing or bonding, are also possible. In particular, the sensor support can be attached to the magnetic coil, especially by means of one or more pins.For this purpose, an opening can be provided in the magnet body through which the sensor support and / or the pins pass. In particular, it can be provided that the sensor support fully or partially surrounds the end of the elongated projection and protects it from contamination.

[0018] In particular, the actuating unit can have one or more connecting leads for the magnetic coil, which may be routed within the housing and / or connected to the terminal. This results in a compact design and protected cable routing.

[0019] The invention further relates to an electromagnet for controlling a coupling state between a shaft not belonging to the electromagnet and a rotary drive element not belonging to the electromagnet. The electromagnet has an annular armature designed to surround the shaft at a section of the shaft, in particular along a complete circumference of the shaft. The electromagnet further comprises an actuating unit as described herein, wherein the magnetic coil of the actuating unit is arranged radially outside the armature. All embodiments and variants described herein can be used with regard to the actuating unit.

[0020] The ring-shaped anchor can, for example, be completely ring-shaped. Alternatively, only part of the anchor can be ring-shaped.

[0021] The electromagnet has an interface element. This element can either be fixed to the armature in a manner that prevents axial displacement. Alternatively, it can rest against the armature and be preloaded against it, particularly by means of a spring. Even in this configuration, it is ensured that the interface element transmits any axial movement of the armature. The interface element can, in particular, be ring-shaped. The magnetic field transmitter can, in particular, be arranged within the interface element and / or be fixed to the interface element in a manner that prevents axial displacement. The interface element is typically an element that is connected to the armature in a manner that prevents axial displacement. It can, in particular, serve to transmit the movement of the armature to other components where this movement performs a function.

[0022] The actuating unit has a sensor support which is preferably mechanically fixed to one end of the elongated projection on which the magnetic field sensor is arranged. Reference is made to the explanations already given above in this regard. The sensor support provides an anti-rotation device for the interface element. In particular, in the case of an annular interface element, this prevents the interface element from performing undesired rotational movements about its axis, which is typically identical to an axis of the armature.

[0023] The interface element can, in particular, have a first projection and a second projection. These can rest laterally against the sensor support, thus providing an anti-rotation device. The sensor support therefore serves as a simple and reliable guide for the interface element.

[0024] The electromagnet can, in particular, include a tube. This tube can be rigidly connected to the armature and can, in particular, serve to support the armature in an outer housing or a magnetic body. Alternatively or additionally, it can serve to support an interface element within the tube. The tube can thus, in particular, provide an outer running surface which is guided by a surrounding housing or magnetic body, thereby also guiding the armature. The interface element, in particular the interface element already described above, can, in particular, be guided within the tube and can thus be stabilized.

[0025] The invention further relates to a drive unit. The drive unit comprises a shaft and an electromagnet as described herein. With regard to the electromagnet, and in particular with regard to the actuating unit of the electromagnet, all embodiments and variants described herein can be used. The armature of the electromagnet is, in particular, arranged radially outside the shaft and is, in particular, axially displaceable relative to the shaft. This allows a drive unit to be provided in which an axial displacement of an armature can be effected by means of the drive unit described herein. The advantages already mentioned can thus be advantageously achieved.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment, the drive unit comprises a rotary drive element. This element has, in particular, a first contact surface. The armature, or an element non-rotatably connected to the armature, can, in particular, have a second contact surface. It can be provided, in particular, that in a first position of the armature, the first contact surface is in engagement with the second contact surface. It can also be provided, in particular, that in a second position of the armature, the second contact surface is spaced apart from the first contact surface. Thus, an advantageous switchable design of the power transmission can be easily implemented. The armature can be actuated by the magnetic coil, and depending on the position of the armature, power transmission occurs in the first position and no power transmission occurs in the second position.For this purpose, the two contact surfaces can, for example, have respective toothed connections which can interlock in the first position and are spaced apart from each other in the second position.

[0027] In particular, the drive unit can have a return spring designed to pre-tension the armature into the second position. This interrupts power transmission in the rest position, and power transmission can be activated by energizing the magnetic coil. The reverse configuration is also possible.

[0028] In particular, the drive unit can include a magnetic field sensor. This sensor can generate a measuring magnetic field. Such a measuring magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic field sensor of the actuating unit. The magnetic field sensor can be attached to the armature or to an element axially fixed to the armature. It can be provided that the magnetic field sensor is located adjacent to the magnetic field sensor in at least one position of the armature and / or that the magnetic field sensor is arranged such that the measuring magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic field sensor in at least one position of the armature. This allows the position of the armature and any connected components to be sensed such that the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field sensor depends on the current position of the armature.

[0029] In particular, the actuating unit may be designed to have a maximum overall diameter of no more than 90 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, or 500 mm. This has proven advantageous for typical applications. Specifically, this may refer to the radius of the magnetic coil. It may also refer to the outermost element relative to the central axis of the magnetic coil. The designs described herein may be used, in particular, in conjunction with a lifting magnet. Specifically, they may be used in conjunction with a powertrain, such as an electric powertrain or a conventional axle drive. Depending on the vehicle architecture, for example, an electric motor or a component of an all-wheel drive system may be coupled to and decoupled from the powertrain. This may reduce powertrain losses.

[0030] For example, an air gap provided for the anchor can be at least 2 mm or at least 3 mm and / or at most 4 mm or at most 5 mm, in particular 3 mm or 4 mm. This has proven advantageous for typical applications. In particular, this can refer to a difference between the aforementioned first position and the aforementioned second position. These positions can, in particular, correspond to end positions of the anchor's movement.

[0031] The magnetic field generator can be, in particular, a permanent magnet. Alternatively, an electromagnet can also be used.

[0032] An anti-stick washer can be positioned between the armature and a yoke. This prevents the armature from detaching from the yoke, making it more difficult. In particular, such an anti-stick washer can be used for magnetic separation.

[0033] In particular, the design described herein allows for the preservation of a load-bearing bearing seat in a gearbox. Load-bearing capacity and running accuracy are not affected. Specifically, the design described herein can be used for a gearbox output shaft. However, it is also suitable, for example, for a drive shaft.

[0034] In particular, direct actuation within a gearbox enables a compact design while offering technical and commercial advantages. Complex hydraulic controls using valves, pumps, and tubing are thus eliminated. This also applies to external mechanical actuation, which usually involves geometrically complex components to implement the movement.

[0035] Integrating a sensor directly into a magnetic actuator eliminates the need for an additional sealing point, thus making the overall system more robust. Furthermore, assembly is typically simplified, thereby reducing the potential for errors.

[0036] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1: An exploded view of an electromagnet, Fig. 2: the electromagnet in an assembled state, and Fig. 3: A cross-sectional view of the electromagnet.

[0037] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic exploded view of an electromagnet 100. The electromagnet 100 is closed off on one side by a yoke 110. Immediately adjacent to this is an anti-adhesive disc 120 to provide magnetic separation.

[0038] The electromagnet 100 has an armature 130. This is designed to be axially movable, as described below with reference to Fig. 3 will be explained in more detail.

[0039] The electromagnet 100 has a magnetic coil 140. This coil serves to generate a magnetic field when energized, thereby moving the armature 130. In the assembled state, the magnetic coil 140 is arranged radially outside the armature 130 and spaced apart from it.

[0040] The electromagnet 100 has a magnetic body 150. This body is made of a magnetic material, such as iron. The magnetic body 150 has an annular section 152 and a disc-shaped section 154 arranged radially inside it. This serves for magnetic shielding, as will be explained in more detail below. The magnetic body 150 is therefore a magnetically shielding element.

[0041] The electromagnet 100 also has a tube 160. This tube is connected to the armature 130 in a rotationally and axially displacement-resistant manner and can therefore be used for force transmission. The tube 160 rests against the outer surface of the disk-shaped section 154 of the magnet body 150. The armature 130 is thus guided and stabilized by the tube 160.

[0042] On the side opposite the yoke 110, the electromagnet 100 has an interface element 170. This element is connected to the tube 160 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. In particular, the interface element 170 can be supported by the tube 160. For example, it can, in a manner described elsewhere herein, initiate and release a coupling with a rotary drive element, specifically depending on the position of the armature 130. An axial displacement of the armature 130 can thus activate or deactivate the coupling. Instead of a rigid, axially displaceable design, the interface element 170 can also be supported on a flat surface of the armature 130 without being rigidly connected to it. In this case, a clearance fit can be implemented.The synchronous movement of interface element 170 and armature 130 can be ensured, in particular, by a pressure exerted on the interface element 170 in the direction of the armature 130. Such pressure can be generated, in particular, by means of a spring (not shown). A magnetic field sensor 172 is arranged in the interface element 170; its function will be discussed in more detail below.

[0043] A sensor support 180 is attached to the magnetic body 150, which serves to increase mechanical stability. This will be discussed in more detail below. Alternatively, the sensor support 180 could, for example, be attached to the magnetic coil 140.

[0044] The electromagnet 100 has a housing 200. This housing is radially attached to the magnetic coil 140 on its outer side, i.e., specifically on the outer side along a section of the circumference of the magnetic coil 140. An electrical connection 210 is attached to the housing 200, to which a seal 220 is arranged on its outer side. The electrical connection 210 is designed as a socket. This allows the insertion of a plug (not shown) for electrical contact with the existing electrical components, in particular the magnetic coil 140 and a magnetic field sensor to be described below. An elongated projection 230 is arranged on the housing 200, extending from a region of the housing 200 with a larger cross-section parallel to a central axis of the magnetic coil 140. The elongated projection 230 engages in the sensor support 180, thus mechanically stabilizing the elongated projection 230.Furthermore, this protects the housing 200 in the area of ​​the projection 230 or at its end engaging in the sensor support 180 from contamination.

[0045] The housing 200 with the components contained therein, as well as the magnetic coil 140, the magnetic body 150 and the sensor support 180 together form an actuating unit 105.

[0046] In Fig. Figure 1 also shows a plug 300, not belonging to the electromagnet 100, which is inserted into the electrical connection 210. The plug 300 can be an electrical connection or, for example, a transport lock. The plug 300 is generally removable from the electrical connection 210. The plug 300 can, for example, be connected to a cable to contact the electrical components present in the electromagnet 100.

[0047] Fig. Figure 2 shows the electromagnet 100 in an assembled state. Regarding the individual components, reference is made to the previously given description of Fig. 1 referred.

[0048] In Fig. Figure 2 also shows a central axis 142 of the magnetic coil 140. It forms an axis of symmetry of the magnetic coil 140 and defines an axial extent.

[0049] The one already with reference to Fig. The described plug 300 is also in Fig. 2 and likewise in the following described Fig. 3 shown. This can be used in particular as transport protection.

[0050] Fig. Figure 3 shows electromagnet 100 in a sectional view. Regarding the components, reference should generally be made to the description of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 referred.

[0051] The anchor 130 is divided into a radially inner section 132 and a radially outer section 134. The radially outer section 134 only partially overlaps axially with the radially inner section 132 and extends in the illustration of Fig. 3 further to the left than the radially inner section 132. The radially outer section 134 surrounds the tube 160 as shown. Radially inner to the tube 160, the interface element 170 is clamped into the tube 160.

[0052] The magnetic coil 140 is arranged radially outside the armature 130, as shown. This allows axial movement of the armature 130 by a generated magnetic field. An air gap 136 is provided adjacent to the armature 130 to provide space for this movement. The armature 130 is thus located in the Fig. The representation shown in 3 is in a position driven fully to the right and could be driven to the left from this position.

[0053] As shown, a magnetic field sensor 240 is arranged in the elongated projection 230 of the housing 200. This sensor is located at the opposite end from the electrical connection 210. A group of connecting leads 250, which encircle the magnet body 150 on the outside and are only partially shown here, but extend to the electrical connection 210, serves to connect the magnetic field sensor 240. This allows for electrical contact with the magnetic field sensor 240. The magnetic field sensor 240 is designed as a conventional Hall sensor. As shown, the disc-shaped section 154 of the magnet body 150 is located between the magnetic field sensor 240 and the magnetic coil 140. This allows the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil 140 to be shielded from the magnetic field sensor 240, thereby minimizing any influence on a magnetic field measurement by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil 140.

[0054] The interface element 170 houses the aforementioned magnetic field transmitter 172. The magnetic field transmitter 172 is designed as a permanent magnet and is located directly radially inside the magnetic field sensor 240. The magnetic field sensor 240 enables, in particular, the measurement of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field transmitter 172. Since the magnetic field transmitter 172 is axially fixed to the armature 130, this allows for precise determination of the armature 130's position. The integrated design within the housing 200 minimizes wiring complexity and eliminates the need for drilling additional holes or routing additional connecting cables. This results in a particularly stable, compact, and easy-to-handle design.

[0055] As in Fig. As can be seen in section 3, the sensor support 180 stabilizes the [unclear] in Fig. 3. Left end of the housing 200. Furthermore, the interface element 170 and the sensor support 180 are expediently designed such that the interface element 170, and thus also the magnetic field transmitter 172, are secured against rotation. The magnetic field transmitter 172 therefore remains oriented relative to the magnetic field sensor 240. As in Fig. 1 and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the interface element 170 has two projections 174, 176 which abut the sensor support laterally. The projections 174, 176 prevent the annular interface element 170 from rotating. Alternatively, anti-rotation protection can be achieved, for example, by providing a longitudinal groove in the sensor support 180 and a longitudinal projection on the interface element 170 that engages with it, or vice versa.

[0056] As already mentioned, the armature 130 is axially displaceable. This also allows the interface element 170 to be axially displaceable. In a typical implementation of a drive element, a shaft (not shown) passes through the armature 130 and the interface element 170. An element can be connected to this shaft in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner, and this element can be displaced by the interface element 170. In the Fig. In the depicted state of the armature 130, the element connected to the shaft is typically disengaged from a rotary drive element. However, if the magnetic coil 140 is energized and the armature 130 is thereby moved to the left, the element connected to the shaft engages with a rotary drive element, whereby a rotational movement can be transmitted between the shaft and the rotary drive element.

[0057] A return spring (not shown) may be provided to hold the armature 130 and its associated components in the Fig. 3 to pre-tension the state shown.

[0058] The invention is not limited to one of the embodiments described above, but can be modified in many ways.

[0059] All features and advantages arising from the claims, the description and the drawing, including design details, spatial arrangements and process steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in various combinations. Reference symbol list 100 Electromagnet 105 Actuating unit 110 yoke 120 anti-stick discs 130 anchors 132 radially inner section 134 radially outer section 136 air gap 140 magnetic coil 142 Center axis 150 magnetic bodies 152 ring-shaped section 154 disc-shaped section 160 pipe 170 Interface element 172 Magnetic field transmitters 174 first lead 176 second lead 180 Sensor support 200 cases 210 electrical connection 220 Seal 230 elongated lead 240 magnetic field sensor 250 connecting cables 300 plugs

Claims

[1] Actuating unit (105) for an electromagnet (100) for actuating an annular armature (130) not belonging to the actuating unit (105), wherein the actuating unit (105) has the following: - a magnetic coil (140) which is designed in a ring shape, - a housing (200) which is radially attached to the outside of the magnetic coil (140), - a magnetic field sensor (240), and - a sensor support (180) which provides anti-rotation protection for an interface element (170) of the electromagnet (100). [2] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor (240) is integrated into the housing (200). [3] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 1 or 2, - wherein the magnetic field sensor (240) in conjunction with a magnetic field transmitter (172) not belonging to the actuating unit enables detection of an armature position of the ring-shaped armature (130) not belonging to the actuating unit (105). [4] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - whereby the magnetic field sensor (240) is not separately attached to a drive unit. [5] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the magnetic field sensor (240) is designed to detect a magnetic field. [6] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged axially spaced from the magnetic coil (140). [7] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein a shielding magnetic material is arranged between the magnetic field sensor (240) and the magnetic coil (140). [8] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 7, - wherein the magnetically shielding material is designed as a magnetic body (150) or is part of a magnetic body (150). [9] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein a magnetic body (150) is arranged between the magnetic field sensor (240) and the magnetic coil (140) for magnetic shielding of the magnetic field sensor (240) from the magnetic coil (140). [10] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 9, - wherein the magnetic body (150) surrounds the magnetic coil (140) circumferentially on the outside. [11] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 10, - wherein the magnetic body (150) has a ring-shaped section for the outer, circumferential surrounding. [12] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the housing (200) has an electrical connection (210) for connecting a plug (300), wherein the electrical connection (210) is connected to the magnetic coil (140) and to the magnetic field sensor (240). [13] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 12, - wherein the electrical connection (210) is located in the housing (200) at a longitudinal end opposite to the magnetic field sensor (240). [14] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the housing (200) has an elongated projection (230) in which the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged. [15] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 14, - wherein the sensor support (180) is mechanically fixed to one end of the elongated projection (230) on which the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged. [16] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 or 15, - wherein the elongated projection (230) extends along a longitudinal direction. [17] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 16, - wherein the elongated projection (230) is aligned parallel or at least substantially parallel to a central axis (142) of the magnet coil (140). [18] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 17, - where the elongated projection (230) is longer than its width and / or height. [19] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 18, - where the elongated projection (230) is at least twice as long as its width. [20] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 19, - where the elongated projection (230) is at least twice as long as its height. [21] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 20, - wherein the elongated projection (230) seen in a plane perpendicular to the central axis (142) of the magnet coil (140) has a cross-sectional area that is at least 50%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% smaller than that of the magnet coil (140). [22] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 14 to 21, - in combination with one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the sensor support (180) is attached to the shielding magnetic material, and / or - in combination with one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the sensor support (180) is attached to the magnet body (150), and / or - wherein the sensor support (180) is attached to the magnetic coil (140), and wherein the sensor support (180) is mechanically fixed to one end of the elongated projection (230) on which the magnetic field sensor (240) is arranged. [23] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 22, - wherein the sensor support (180) fully or partially surrounds the end of the elongated projection (230) and protects it from contamination. [24] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 22 or 23, - wherein the sensor support (180) has a sleeve into which the elongated projection (230) is inserted. [25] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 24, - wherein the sleeve rests against the elongated projection (230) on all sides. [26] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 22 to 25, - wherein a breakthrough is provided in the magnetic body (150) through which the sensor support (180) passes. [27] Actuating unit (105) according to one of claims 22 to 26, - wherein the sensor support (180) fully or partially surrounds the end of the elongated projection (230) and protects it from contamination. [28] Actuating unit (105) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the sensor support (180) is attached to the magnetic coil (140) by means of one or more pins. [29] Actuating unit (105) according to claim 28 in combination with one of claims 22 to 28, - wherein a hole is provided in the magnet body (150) through which the pin(s) pass. [30] Electromagnet (100) for controlling a coupling state between a shaft not belonging to the electromagnet (100) and a rotary drive element not belonging to the electromagnet (100), wherein the electromagnet (100) has the following: - an annular anchor (130) designed to surround the shaft at a section of the shaft, and - an actuating unit (105) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic coil (140) of the actuating unit (105) is arranged radially outside the armature (130), - an interface element (170) which is fixed to the anchor (130) in a manner that prevents axial displacement, or which rests against the anchor and is pre-tensioned against the anchor, so that the interface element (170) takes over an axial movement of the anchor (130), wherein the sensor support (180) provides an anti-rotation device for the interface element (170). [31] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 30, - wherein the interface element (170) is ring-shaped and the anti-rotation device prevents the interface element (170) from performing unwanted rotational movements around its axis. [32] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 31, - wherein the axis of the interface element (170) is identical to an axis of the anchor (130). [33] Electromagnet (100) according to one of claims 30 to 32, - wherein the interface element (170) has a first projection (174) and a second projection (176) which abut laterally the sensor support (180) and thus realize the anti-rotation device. [34] Electromagnet (100) according to any one of claims 30 to 33, - wherein the anti-rotation device is implemented by providing a longitudinal groove in the sensor support (180) and a longitudinal projection on the interface element (170) that engages with it, or - wherein the anti-rotation device is implemented by providing a longitudinal groove in the interface element (170) and a longitudinal projection on the sensor support (180) that engages with it. [35] Electromagnet (100) according to any one of claims 30 to 34, - which has a magnetic field transmitter (172) that generates a measuring magnetic field and is attached to the armature (130), or to an element connected to the armature (130) in a manner that prevents axial displacement, - wherein the magnetic field transmitter (172) is arranged in at least one position of the armature (130) adjacent to the magnetic field sensor (240) and / or the magnetic field transmitter (172) is arranged such that in at least one position of the armature (130) the measuring magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic field sensor (240). [36] Electromagnet (100) according to claim 35, - wherein the magnetic field transmitter (172) is arranged in the interface element (170) and / or is fixed to the interface element (170) in a manner that prevents axial displacement. [37] Electromagnet (100) according to claims 30 to 36, wherein the magnetic field transmitter (172) is located directly radially inside the magnetic field sensor (240). [38] Electromagnet (100) according to any one of claims 30 to 37, - which has a tube (160) which is firmly connected to the armature (130) and which serves to support the armature (130) in an outer housing or a magnetic body (150) and / or which serves to support an interface element (170) inside the tube (160). [39] drive unit comprising - a wave, and - an electromagnet (100) according to one of claims 30 to 38, - wherein the armature (130) of the electromagnet (100) is arranged radially outside the shaft and is axially displaceable relative to the shaft. [40] Drive unit according to claim 39, - which has a rotary drive element which has a first contact surface, - wherein the anchor (130), or an element connected to the anchor (130) in an axially displacement-resistant manner, has a second contact surface, - wherein in a first position of the anchor (130) the first contact surface is in engagement with the second contact surface, and - wherein in a second position of the anchor (130) the second contact surface is spaced away from the first contact surface.

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