Fastener

Abstract

Fastening element with a shaft and with retaining structures (9, 19) projecting laterally from it for force-fit connection of the shaft (2, 17) inserted into a borehole (23) under a tensile load acting on the fastening element (1, 11) against the insertion direction, wherein the shaft (2, 17) is divided in the transverse direction to its longitudinal extension into at least two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13), of which at least two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) each carry retaining structures (9, 19) projecting laterally, which shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) are connected to each other by a flexible loop element (5, 21) and, when inserted into a borehole (23), are supported against each other with their backs (7, 7.1; 15), characterized in that the backs (7, 7.1; 15) locking structures (6, 6.1, 8, 8.1; 14, 14.1, 16, 16.) acting in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the shaft (2, 17) of the mutually supported shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13).1) exhibit, by which the shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13), when supported against each other with their backs (7, 7.1; 15), are positively locked together in the direction of the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (2, 17).

Description

[0001] The subject matter of the invention is a fastening element with a shaft and with retaining structures projecting laterally therefrom for the force-fitting connection of the shaft inserted into a borehole in the event of a tensile load acting on the fastening element opposite to the direction of insertion, wherein the shaft is divided in the transverse direction to its longitudinal extent into at least two shaft parts, of which at least two shaft parts each carry retaining structures projecting laterally, which shaft parts are connected to one another by a flexible loop element and, when inserted into a borehole, are supported by their backs against one another.

[0002] Such self-retaining fasteners are used for the tool-free installation of utility objects, for example those required for electrical installations when laying cables or pipes. All that is required for installation of the fastener is a hole previously drilled into the mounting base. The fastener is inserted into such a hole like a nail, but simply by manually pressing the nail into the hole. These fasteners, also known as push-in dowels, have a shaft and, as exemplary retention structures, locking teeth formed on the side and facing outwards and which can be tilted relative to the shaft. Other retention structures, such as concentrically shaped discs, can also be used as retention structures. The underside of such locking teeth, facing the tip of the shaft, is typically curved.Before the shaft with its locking teeth is pressed into a drill hole, i.e. in the delivered state, this defines a lateral surface which has a larger diameter than the drill hole in which the fastener is to be anchored. When the shaft is inserted into a prepared drill hole, the locking teeth are tilted towards the shaft against the insertion direction so that their curved underside points radially outwards. If the shaft of such a fastener is inserted into a drill hole and a pull-out force acts on it (tensile force against the insertion direction), the locking teeth, which are supported on the drill hole wall with their curved underside, provide effective pull-out protection. This is because the locking teeth strive to roll against the drill hole wall, whereby an increasing radial force is coupled into the drill hole wall as the pull-out force increases.

[0003] Various functional elements can be molded onto such a fastening element or its shaft, for example cable or pipe holders. The shaft of previously known fastening elements of this type is strip-shaped. A row of locking teeth consisting of several locking teeth is molded onto each of the opposing flat sides. The tiltability of the locking teeth relative to the shaft is generally provided by a film hinge located between the locking teeth and the shaft. From their pre-assembled position projecting in the radial direction, these locking teeth can be tilted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. This means that the apex region located the greatest distance from the flat side of the shaft is tilted in the central transverse plane of the shaft, in which the longitudinal axis of the shaft is also located. Such a fastening element is known from EP 0 105 865 B1.

[0004] In addition to fastening elements such as those described above in the form of push-in dowels, there are also known elements in which the shaft is divided into two sections. The separating surface runs as a separating plane in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. The two sections of the shaft are connected to one another by a flexible loop element. This is used to enclose one or more long items that are to be attached to a fastening base using a push-in dowel designed as a dowel clamp. With such a push-in dowel, the two sections forming the shaft are inserted into a suitably prepared drill hole with their backs facing each other and supported against one another. The fastening element and its loop element have previously been placed around the long item(s) to be attached, such as cables, pipes or the like.On the outer side of the shaft sections, which face away from each other, the retaining structures, designed, for example, as locking teeth, are formed laterally and protrude. Plug-in dowels designed as dowel clamps are known, for example, from DE 196 28 557 A1 or DE 10 2010 037 016 A1. These previously known plug-in dowels designed as dowel clamps are U-shaped in a side view, similar to a clasp. The shaft sections are strip-shaped. These strip-shaped shaft sections continue into the loop element that connects them.

[0005] When inserted into a drill hole, the backs of the shaft sections are supported against each other so that the necessary preload can be provided in a lateral direction outwards towards the drill hole wall, which leads to an adjustment of the retaining structures, which can be designed as locking teeth, for example. However, dowel clamps of this type can only be used to fasten one or more long items where the requirements for the quality of the fastening and thus the connection of the long item(s) to a fixing base are relatively low. The reason for this is that when such a push-in dowel is inserted into a drill hole, the two shaft sections can be pressed in unequally, with the result that the end of one shaft section engages deeper into the drill hole than the other shaft section. The locking teeth, which are intended to be opposite each other with regard to the longitudinal axis of the push-in dowel, are then offset from one another.In particular, locking teeth arranged at the end of a shaft part do not find the required abutment in this shaft part section due to a lack of support of this section of the shaft part on the other shaft part, so that the retaining force of these locking teeth is only low.

[0006] Based on this discussed prior art, the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a plug-in dowel designed in the manner of a dowel clamp as a fastening element in such a way that it can also be used where higher requirements are placed on the connection of one or more objects, in particular long goods, to a fastening base.

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention by a generic fastening element as mentioned at the outset, in which the backs of the shaft parts supported against one another have locking structures acting in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the shaft, by means of which the shaft parts, when supported against one another with their backs, are positively locked to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0008] In this fastening clamp, the backs of the mutually supported shaft parts each have complementary locking structures. These are engaged with one another when the backs of the shaft parts are supported against one another, i.e. when these, forming the shaft of the fastening element, are inserted into a drilled hole. The locking structures are designed so that the at least two shaft parts, when engaged with one another via their locking structures, are positively locked together in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft. Once the fastening element has been wrapped with its loop element around the long item(s) to be mounted, the at least two shaft parts, then positively locked together in the direction of their longitudinal extent, can be inserted into the drilled hole without any risk of the shaft parts becoming misaligned or distorted relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft.would shift. The extraction forces that such a fastener can withstand are equivalent to those of push-in anchors, which have a single shaft. Above all, inserting the fastener with its shaft sections engaged by their locking elements is easier than with conventional anchor clamps, as the insertion force can be applied at any point without having to worry about the shaft sections shifting relative to each other in the insertion direction. This also reduces the time required for installation with such a fastener, as less attention needs to be paid to ensuring correct installation.

[0009] As locking structures of the shaft parts, one shaft part typically has at least one positive structure, and a second shaft part has a complementary negative locking structure, into which the positive locking structure engages when the backs are supported against each other. To improve the form-fitting quality, several, for example two, complementary locking structures are typically used, which are spaced axially apart from each other with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the complementary locking structures of the at least two shaft parts have mutually complementary undercuts acting in a transverse direction to the longitudinal axis. The complementary locking structures of the two shaft parts can then be positively engaged with one another in the manner of a detent. In this way, the fastening element can be closed after it has been placed around the long item(s) to be mounted. A coherent shaft is then formed from the two shaft parts. In such an engaged position, the shaft parts connected to one another in this way are then additionally positively connected to one another in a transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.In such a design, the locking of two shaft parts is typically designed in such a way that when a corresponding release force is applied, the fastening element designed as a dowel clamp can be opened again by separating the connected shaft parts.

[0011] According to one embodiment, a locking strip extending transversely to its longitudinal axis is used as the positive locking structure of a first shaft part. The second shaft part has a locking groove complementary to the locking strip. If, with such a design of the locking structures, the complementary locking structures are designed to engage with one another, the locking groove is typically undercut on at least one groove wall. The locking strip is designed to be correspondingly complementary. Locking structures of other geometries can also be used, for example, dome- or knob-shaped elevations as positive locking structures.

[0012] If each shaft part carries two or more locking structures, these can be of identical design; thus, with such a configuration, one shaft part can carry two or more positive locking structures. The other shaft part then has a corresponding number of negative locking structures arranged at a distance from one another so that the positive locking structures of the other shaft part can engage therein to close the fastening element. It is also entirely possible to design the locking structures of a shaft part such that, on its back facing the other shaft part, it carries one or more positive and / or one or more negative locking structures, each of which is spaced apart from one another at a distance in the direction of the extension of the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of such a fastening element designed as a dowel clamp, its shaft has several, typically at least three, radial segments arranged at equal angular spacing from one another. These radial segments are strips or legs arranged at an angle to one another and following the longitudinal extent of the shaft. The retaining structures, designed, for example, as locking teeth, are formed onto these radial segments. Locking teeth are typically arranged in a row following the longitudinal extent of the shaft and form a row of locking teeth. If the shaft is designed, for example, with three rows of locking teeth, the shaft is provided by three radial segments formed integrally with one another in the center. The locking teeth of the rows of locking teeth are located between two such radial segments and are therefore each enclosed by two adjacent radial segments in the circumferential direction.To achieve the desired frictional connection within a borehole, the radial extension of the locking teeth is greater than the radial extension of the radial segments. The locking teeth of a row of locking teeth can be formed alternately or alternately on one and the other radial segment on the same radial segment or on the facing sides of two adjacent radial segments. Due to the angular arrangement of the radial segments relative to each other, the locking teeth of a row of locking teeth tilt alternately in different directions.

[0014] Since at least three rows of locking teeth are integrally formed on the shaft or its shaft parts in such a fastening element, the cross-sectional area of ​​the shaft is necessarily larger compared to a design of such a fastening element according to the prior art. Due to this increased cross-sectional area, the usable connection area of ​​the loop element to the shaft parts is also correspondingly larger.

[0015] The division of the shaft of such a fastening element, designed in the style of a dowel clamp, into two shaft parts occurs at a separation surface that runs through two adjacent radial segments. Due to the angular arrangement of the radial segments to one another, the separation surface is divided into two separation planes that are arranged at the angle defined by two adjacent radial segments. The advantage of the angular design of the separation plane in such a fastening element is that the two shaft parts, when engaged with their complementary locking structures, are positively supported against one another, even in the circumferential direction. Therefore, such a fastening element can withstand even higher pull-out forces without the risk of the shaft parts becoming offset from one another in the circumferential direction, which in turn would impair the anchoring quality.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the fastening element according to the invention, the retaining structures are designed as locking teeth which are formed onto the respective shaft part with the interposition of a film hinge, for example as a radial segment if the locking teeth are provided in more than two rows of locking teeth.

[0017] At least some of the locking teeth typically used as retaining structures, but preferably all of the locking teeth, are angularly adjustable in a plane to the longitudinal axis of the shaft or along a plane spaced from the longitudinal axis of the shaft with respect to that area or section of their surface which determines the maximum radial extension of the shank of the fastening element. When a tensile force is applied to the fastening element, a force is introduced onto these locking teeth, causing the locking teeth to be adjusted in one of the aforementioned planes. Due to the curved underside, the contact area with the borehole wall moves in the circumferential direction, in the direction of the bending axis of the locking teeth, in accordance with the amount of tilt of the locking teeth.If, after being inserted into a drilled hole, the locking teeth rest on a section of their underside curvature against the drilled hole wall, which is achieved due to the elastic restoring force of the film hinge, a corresponding clamping force is introduced via the locking teeth to achieve the desired frictional connection. This achieves a frictional connection with the drilled hole wall that can withstand higher pull-out forces, since with increasing adjustment of the locking teeth, their curved underside rests against a different section of the drilled hole wall. This is particularly important for fastening bases whose drilled hole wall has breakouts or a groove created by the insertion process.

[0018] This concept of a self-retaining fastening element allows, as provided in a preferred embodiment, a design in the arrangement of the locking teeth, which are adjustable at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, such that some of the locking teeth are adjustable in a first plane, which is inclined in one direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, and the other part of the locking teeth are adjustable in a second plane, which is inclined in the opposite direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The fastening element is correspondingly more securely anchored with its shaft in a drilled hole when a tensile force is applied. Typically, half of the locking teeth are designed so that their tilt axis points in one direction and the other half of the locking teeth in the other direction. This ensures equal force distribution in both circumferential directions.The angle of inclination of the planes in which the locking teeth are adjusted relative to the longitudinal axis is typically the same or at least approximately the same. The same is achieved if the locking teeth are adjustable in different planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the bending axis of the locking teeth runs at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0020] Anchoring of the fastening element with its shaft formed from at least two shaft parts in a drilled hole can be enhanced by forming the upper side of the locking teeth facing opposite the insertion direction by two surface sections arranged at an angle to one another, forming a tooth on the outer circumferential surface. Such a tooth is formed by the angularly adjacent surface sections of the locking tooth upper side and the adjacent curved underside.

[0021] The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments. They show: Fig. 1: A fastening element according to the invention, designed in the manner of a dowel clamp, according to a first embodiment in a side view, Fig. 2: a perspective view of a fastening element according to the invention in the delivery state according to a further embodiment, Fig. 3: another perspective view of the fastening element of the Fig. 2 from a slightly different perspective, Fig. 4: an enlarged view of a section of the fastening element of the Fig. 2, Fig. 5: a plan view of the insertion end of the fastening element of the Fig. 2 to 4, Fig. 6: the fastening element according to the invention according to Fig. 2 to 5 with its two shaft parts engaged with each other to form a shaft, Fig. 7: a schematic representation to illustrate an assembly of a long product by means of the fastening element according to the invention shown in the figures according to Fig. 2 to 6 on a mounting base and Fig. 8: a sectional view through the mounting base of the Fig. 7 with the long goods mounted thereon by means of the fastening element.

[0022] A fastening element 1 for fastening one or more long goods to a mounting base is designed in the manner of a plug-in dowel clamp. The fastening element 1 comprises a shaft 2, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed by two shaft parts 3, 4. The separating surface between the two shaft parts 3, 4 runs along the longitudinal axis of the shaft 2. The shaft parts 3, 4 are strip-shaped. The shaft parts 3, 4 are connected to one another by a loop element 5. The loop element 5 is molded onto the shaft parts 3, 4 at their end opposite the insertion side. The fastening element 1 of the illustrated embodiment is a plastic injection-molded part.

[0023] In Fig. Figure 1 shows the fastening element in its as-delivered state. In this state, the shaft parts 3, 4 are separated from each other. Before inserting the shaft 2 into a suitably prepared hole in a mounting base, the shaft parts 3, 4 are brought together to form the shaft 2, so that the facing sides of the shaft parts 3, 4 are supported against each other.

[0024] The shaft part 3 carries two locking strips 6, 6.1 on its back 7 facing the shaft part 4. The locking strips 6, 6.1 extend transversely to the longitudinal extent of the shaft part 3. The locking strips 6, 6.1 form positive locking structures which, when the two shaft parts 3, 4 are supported against one another with their backs 7, 7.1, engage as negative locking structures in locking grooves 8, 8.1 of the shaft part 4, which are complementary in terms of their cross-sectional geometry. When the backs 7, 7.1 of the shaft parts 3, 4 are brought together to form the shaft 2 and thus to close the fastening element 1, the two shaft parts 3, 4 are positively connected to one another in the longitudinal axial direction of the shaft 2 by the engagement of the locking structures.For the assembly of the fastening element 1, the positive engagement between the two shaft parts 3, 4 via their locking structures 6, 8; 6.1, 8.1, extending in the insertion direction and thus in the axial direction, is relevant. This effectively prevents displacement of the two shaft parts 3, 4 when inserting the shaft 2 into a prepared drill hole.

[0025] Laterally projecting locking teeth 9 on the outer sides of the shaft parts 3, 4 serve as retaining structures for securing the shaft 2 of the fastening element 1 in a drilled hole. The locking teeth 9 have a curved underside, which points towards the insertion end of the shaft 2. The locking teeth 9 are formed onto the respective shaft part 3 or 4 by means of a film hinge 10. Each shaft part 3, 4 of the Fig. The embodiment shown in Figure 1 has four locking teeth 9 arranged in a row. Thus, each shaft part 3, 4 has a row of locking teeth. The diameter of a drilled hole, into which the shaft 2 of the fastening element 1 is to be anchored, is slightly smaller than the distance between the mutually facing outer sides of two opposing locking teeth of the shaft parts 3, 4 when the locking structures of the two shaft parts 3, 4 are engaged with one another. This ensures that when the shaft 2 is inserted into such a drilled hole, the locking teeth 9 roll with their curved underside against the drilled hole wall and are tilted toward the shaft parts 3, 4, counter to the insertion direction.

[0026] In the Fig. Figures 2 to 8 show another fastening element 11, designed in the manner of a plug-in dowel clamp. The fastening element 11 is constructed in principle in the same way as the fastening element 1, so the relevant statements regarding the fastening element 1 also apply to the fastening element 11.

[0027] The fastening element 11 differs, among other things, in its specific design from the locking structures carried by its two shaft parts 12, 13. The shaft part 12 also carries two locking strips 14, 14.1. The locking strips 14, 14.1 are undercut toward the back 15 of the shaft part 12. As a result, the extension of the locking strips 14, 14.1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the shaft 2 of their end face facing the shaft part 3 is somewhat larger than in the area of ​​their connection to the shaft part 12. The shaft part 13 has locking grooves 16, 16.1 which, with regard to their cross-sectional geometry, are complementary to the locking strips 14, 14.1 and which are undercut in a complementary manner, as can be seen more clearly in the enlarged detail of the fastening element 11 of the Fig. 4. When the two shaft parts 12, 13 are supported against one another in this exemplary embodiment, the locking strips 14, 14.1 are positively connected to one another in a manner opposite to the assembly direction of the two shaft parts 12, 13 to form the shaft 17. The two shaft parts 12, 13 are connected by a snap-in connection. The locking strips 14, 14.1 are pressed into the respective locking groove 16, 16.1 in a snap-in manner. The elasticity of the plastic material used to manufacture the fastening element 11 is utilized for this purpose.

[0028] In contrast to the embodiment of the Fig. 1, whose two shaft parts 3, 4 are strip-shaped, the shaft 17 of the fastening element 11 is formed by three radial segments 18, 18.1, 18.2 (see also Fig. 5) structured. The radial segments 18, 18.1, 18.2 are integrally formed in the center, i.e., in the region of the longitudinal axis L of the shaft 17. The radial segments 18, 18.1, 18.2 are arranged circumferentially at equal angular spacing from one another. Two radial segments 18, 18.1; 18.1, 18.2; 18.2, 18 each enclose the locking teeth 19 of a row of locking teeth. The locking teeth 19 are each integrally formed onto an adjacent radial segment 18, 18.1, 18.3 with the interposition of a film hinge 20. A special feature of the fastening element 11 and the connection of the locking teeth 19 of a row of locking teeth is that the locking teeth 19 are alternately formed on one adjacent radial segment and on the other adjacent radial segment by means of the film hinge 20 (see Fig. 3). This results in a particularly effective clamping of the locking teeth 19 to a borehole wall when a pull-out force is applied to the fastening element 11. The film hinges 20 are shown in the illustration of the Fig. 5 highlighted by a grid for better identification.

[0029] Due to the geometric design of the shaft 17 described above, the separating surface between the two shaft parts 12, 13 runs in contrast to that of the embodiment of the Fig. 1 is not centrally located with respect to the shaft 17 and also not in a single parting plane. The parting surface of the shaft 17 with respect to its two shaft parts 12, 13 is centrally located with respect to the adjacent radial segments 18.1, 18.2 (see also Fig. 5). The joint surface between the two shaft parts 12, 13 is therefore angled. The joint surface is defined by two joint planes arranged at an angle to one another, whereby the angle enclosed by the joint planes corresponds to the angle of the adjacent radial segments 18, 18.1. This provides the engaged shaft parts 12, 13 with additional stability against displacement relative to one another in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 17 under load or when inserting the shaft 17 into a suitably prepared drilled hole in a mounting base.

[0030] The locking teeth 19 have, on their loop element facing the loop element 21, two surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, by means of which a tooth Z is formed on the outer circumference of the locking teeth 19.

[0031] Due to the mutual shaping of the locking teeth 19 to the adjacent radial segments, the locking teeth 19 of a row of locking teeth can be tilted in different directions by means of the respective film hinge 20. In Fig. In Figure 5, the tilting plane of the locking tooth, which is integrally formed with its film hinge 20 on the radial segment 18.1, is indicated by E1. The locking tooth located behind the locking tooth 19, which is integrally formed with its film hinge 20 on the radial segment 18.2, is adjustable with its tooth Z in the plane E2. The two planes are arranged at an angle to each other. The curvature of the underside of the locking teeth 19 means that with increasing adjustment of the locking teeth relative to the adjacent radial segment, a different section of the underside comes into contact with the borehole wall.

[0032] Fig. 6 shows the fastening element 11 with its shaft parts 12, 13 engaged with each other with respect to their locking structures 14, 16; 14.1, 16.1. In this state of the fastening element 11, the loop element 21 has previously been placed around a long item to be mounted, for example a cable or a pipe, in the manner of a clamp.

[0033] Fig. Figure 7 shows the fastening element 11 with its two shaft parts 12, 13 connected to form the shaft 17, with a cable 22 held by the loop element 21, prepared to be anchored in a drilled hole 23 of a fastening base 24, for example, a wall, a ceiling, or the like. The cable 22 is fastened to the fastening base 24 by the fastening element 11. The translational assembly movement to be performed is shown in Fig. 7 marked with a block arrow.

[0034] Fig.8 shows the cable 22 mounted on the mounting base 24 by means of the fastening element 11. The shaft 17 of the fastening element 11 is pressed into the borehole 23 and secured therein by means of its locking teeth 19 in a pull-out-proof manner.

[0035] The invention has been described using exemplary embodiments. Without departing from the scope of the applicable claims, numerous further possibilities for implementing it will become apparent to a person skilled in the art without the need for these further possibilities to be described in detail. List of reference symbols 1 fastening element 2 shaft 3 Shaft part 4 Shaft part 5 loop element 6, 6.1 Locking bar 7.7.1 Back 8, 8.1 Locking groove 9 ratchet 10 film hinge 11 Fastening element 12 Shaft part 13 Shaft part 14, 14.1 Locking bar 15 back 16, 16.1 Locking groove 17 shaft 18, 18.1, 18.2 Radial segment 19 ratchet 20 film hinge 21 Loop element 22 cables 23 borehole 24 Mounting base E1, E2 level L Longitudinal axis Z Tooth QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 0 105 865 B1

[0003] DE 196 28 557 A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Fastening element with a shaft and with retaining structures (9, 19) projecting laterally from it for force-fit connection of the shaft (2, 17) inserted into a borehole (23) under a tensile load acting on the fastening element (1, 11) against the insertion direction, wherein the shaft (2, 17) is divided in the transverse direction to its longitudinal extent into at least two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13), of which at least two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) each have retaining structures (9, 19) projecting laterally, which shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) are connected to each other by a flexible loop element (5, 21) and, when inserted into a borehole (23), are supported against each other with their backs (7, 7.1; 15), characterized by, that the backs (7, 7.1; 15) of the supported shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) have locking structures (6, 6.1, 8, 8.1; 14, 14.1, 16, 16.1) acting in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the shaft (2, 17), by which the shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13), when supported by their backs (7, 7.1; 15) against each other, are positively locked to each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (2, 17). [2] Fastening element according to claim 1, characterized by , that a first shaft part (3, 12) has at least one positive locking structure (6, 6.1; 14, 14.1) and a second shaft part (4, 13) has a complementary negative locking structure (8, 8.1; 16, 16.1). [3] Fastening element according to claim 2, characterized by, that the complementary locking structures (6, 8; 6.1, 8.1; 14, 16; 14.1, 16.1) of the two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) each have an undercut acting in a transverse direction to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (2, 17), by which, when engaged in a snap-fit ​​manner, the two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13) are positively connected to each other in a transverse direction to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (2, 17). [4] Fastening element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by , that a first shaft part (3, 12) has a locking bar (6, 6.1; 14, 14.1) extending transversely to its longitudinal axis (L) as a positive locking structure and a second shaft part (4, 13) has a locking groove (8, 8.1; 16, 16.1) complementary to it as a negative locking structure. [5] Fastening element according to claim 4, characterized by, that each shaft part (3, 4; 12, 13) carries at least two locking structures spaced apart from each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft part. [6] Fastening element according to claim 5, characterized by , that each shaft part (3, 4; 12, 13) has either positive and / or negative locking structures. [7] Fastening element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the shaft (2, 17) of the fastening element (1, 11) is divided into two shaft parts (3, 4; 12, 13). [8] Fastening element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by , that the shaft (17) has at least three radial segments (18, 18.1, 18.2) arranged at the same angular distance from each other, on which retention structures (19) are integrally formed, wherein, viewed in the circumferential direction of the shaft (17), the retention structures (19) are enclosed by two radial segments (18, 18.1; 18.1, 18.2; 18.2, 18) arranged adjacent to each other. [9] Fastening element according to claim 8, characterized by , that the shaft (17) has three radial segments (18, 18.1, 18.2) and the parting surface of the two shaft parts (12, 13) runs through two radial segments (18.1, 18.2) arranged adjacent to each other, in particular centrally within these radial segments (18.1, 18.2). [10] Fastening element according to claim 9, characterized by , that the two shaft parts (12, 13) are held to each other by the loop element (21) in such a way that only the mutually facing sides of a radial segment (18.1) divided by the separating surface are held to each other in an arrangement aligned with each other in the open position of the fastening element (11). [11] Fastening element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, that the retaining structures projecting laterally from the shaft parts are designed as locking teeth (19) which are formed onto the respective shaft part (12, 13) by means of an intermediate hinge (20). [12] Fastening element according to claim 11, characterized by , that the tiltability of at least some of the locking teeth (19) relative to the shaft (17) is arranged such that the section of these locking teeth (19) which determines the maximum radius of the shaft (17) of the fastening element (11) is adjustable in the delivery state of the fastening element (11) in a plane (E1, E2) spaced from or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft. [13] Fastening element according to claim 12, characterized by, that the tilting direction of the locking teeth (19) of a locking tooth row, which are adjustable in a plane (E1, E2) parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (17), is arranged such that a part of these locking teeth (19) can be tilted in one plane (E1) and the other part of the locking teeth can be tilted in another plane (E2), which two planes (E1, E2) intersect and thereby a part of the locking teeth (19) can be tilted in a first direction and another part of the locking teeth can be tilted in a second direction with respect to the orientation of the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft, which differs from the first direction. [14] Fastening element according to claim 13, characterized by , that half of the locking teeth of a locking tooth row in the first plane can be tilted in one direction and the other half of the locking teeth in the second plane can be tilted in the other direction. [15] Fastening element according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized by, that the bending axes of the adjustable locking teeth (19) are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft (17). [16] Fastening element according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized by , that at least some of the locking teeth of the fastening element are adjustable at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. [17] Fastening element according to any one of claims 11 to 16 in their respective reference to claim 9, characterized by , that the locking teeth (19) of a locking tooth row are alternately formed on one and the other radial segment (18, 18.1, 18.2) enclosing this locking tooth row. [18] Fastening element according to claims 11 to 17, characterized by, that the upper surface of the locking teeth (19) pointing away from the insertion-side end of the shaft (17) in the delivery state of the fastening element (11) is formed by two surface sections arranged at an angle to each other, by which angled surface arrangement on the outer circumferential edge of the locking teeth (19) a tooth (Z) is formed.

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