A system for the preparation of copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors

Abstract

A system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors, comprising: a) an MXene synthesis unit configured to produce Ti3C2Tx-MXene by wet chemical etching of a Ti3AlC2MAX phase precursor using a hydrofluoric acid solution; b) a copper pyrophosphate production unit configured to produce copper pyrophosphate by hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; c) a composite forming unit configured to combine the Ti3C2Tx MXene and the copper pyrophosphate in predetermined weight ratios to form CPP-MXene nanocomposites; and d) a characterization unit configured to perform an electrochemical performance evaluation of the prepared supercapacitor electrodes.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the synthesis of a nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications, in particular to a system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Energy storage systems for applications in electronics, transportation, and communications require electrochemical devices that offer high power density, long cycle life, and fast charge / discharge capability. Conventional battery systems have limitations, including slower charge / discharge rates and limited cycle life, while capacitor systems lack sufficient energy density for demanding applications.

[0003] Supercapacitor electrode systems require materials with high surface area, electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability, and corrosion resistance. Transition metal phosphate and pyrophosphate systems, particularly copper pyrophosphate (Cu2P2O7), offer mesoporosity, stable POP bonds for ion transport, and enhanced electrical conductivity through the incorporation of copper ions.

[0004] Two-dimensional MXene systems, particularly titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), are characterized by electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces, large interlayer spacing, and tunable surface terminations. These Ti3C2Tx-MXene systems enable fast ion transport, high throughput rates, and structural stability for supercapacitor applications.

[0005] Composite electrode systems composed of copper pyrophosphate and Ti3C2Tx-MXene components produce synergistic effects: copper pyrophosphate contributes to redox activity and mesoporosity, while MXene provides conductivity and charge transport. However, existing systems lack optimized copper pyrophosphate-MXene composite configurations for high-performance solid-state supercapacitor applications.

[0006] In view of the previous discussion, it is clear that there is a need for a system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. The system comprises integrated units for synthesizing Ti3C2Tx - MXenby wet chemical etching, for the production of copper pyrophosphate by hydrothermal synthesis, for the formation of composite materials in optimized weight ratios, for the production of electrodes and for carrying out comprehensive electrochemical characterization.

[0008] The present disclosure aims to provide a system for producing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. The system comprises: an MXene synthesis unit for producing Ti3C2Tx-MXene by wet-chemical etching of a Ti3AlC2MAX phase precursor with hydrofluoric acid solution; a copper pyrophosphate production unit for producing copper pyrophosphate by hydrothermal synthesis with copper nitrate, urea, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; a composite formation unit for combining Ti3C2Tx-MXene and copper pyrophosphate in predetermined weight ratios to form CPP-MXene nanocomposites; and a characterization unit for electrochemical performance evaluation of the produced supercapacitor electrodes.

[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high performance solid-state supercapacitors.

[0010] Another object of the present disclosure is a comprehensive system for preparing high performance copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposite electrode materials.

[0011] Another object of the present disclosure is to produce nanocomposites having improved specific capacitance, energy density and power density for solid-state supercapacitor applications.

[0012] Another object of the present disclosure is to fabricate asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors with improved capacity retention and cycling stability for next-generation energy storage applications.

[0013] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[0014] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the elements in the drawings are shown for convenience and are not necessarily to scale. For example, the flowcharts illustrate the method by key steps to enhance understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, with respect to device construction, one or more components of the device may be represented in the drawings by conventional symbols. The drawing may show only the specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of the present disclosure in order not to clutter the drawing with details that would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the present description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[0016] To facilitate understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and a clear description will be given. However, the scope of the invention is not limited thereby. Changes and further modifications to the illustrated system, as well as further applications of the principles of the invention, are possible, as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

[0017] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

[0018] References in this specification to "one aspect," "another aspect," or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the language "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may or may not refer to the same embodiment.

[0019] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method comprising a list of steps may include not only those steps, but also additional steps not expressly listed or inherent in that process or method. Likewise, the statement "comprises" for one or more devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components does not exclude, without further limitation, the existence of other devices, subsystems, elements, structures, components, or additional devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. The systems, methods, and examples provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0021] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system (100) for producing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Referring to Fig.1, the system (100) comprises: an MXene synthesis unit (102) configured to produce Ti3C2Tx-MXene by wet chemical etching of a Ti3AlC2MAX phase precursor using a hydrofluoric acid solution; a copper pyrophosphate production unit (104) configured to produce copper pyrophosphate by hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, urea, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; a composite formation unit (106) configured to combine the Ti3C2Tx-MXene and the copper pyrophosphate in predetermined weight ratios to form CPP-MXene nanocomposites; and a characterization unit (108) configured to perform an electrochemical performance evaluation of the fabricated supercapacitor electrodes.

[0024] In one embodiment, the system (100) further comprises an electrode manufacturing unit (110) for facilitating the fabrication of electrodes using a prepared CPP-MXene nanocomposite with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride binder, wherein the electrode manufacturing unit (110) facilitates the fabrication of asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors using the CPP-MXene nanocomposites as cathode material and activated carbon as anode material.

[0025] In one embodiment, the composite forming unit (106) is configured to produce CPP-MXene composites having weight ratios from the group consisting of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50.

[0026] In one embodiment, the MXene synthesis unit (102) comprises: an etching reactor configured to be continuously stirred at 250 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature; a washing system configured to repeatedly wash and centrifuge the etched product at 4000 rpm until the pH reaches about 6; and a drying chamber configured to dry the final product at 80 °C under vacuum conditions.

[0027] In one embodiment, the copper pyrophosphate manufacturing unit (104) comprises: a chemical bath manufacturing vessel configured to dissolve 0.1 M copper nitrate, 0.1 M urea, and 0.1 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; an autoclave system configured to maintain hydrothermal conditions at 120°C for 2 hours; and an annealing furnace configured to heat the product to 550°C for one hour.

[0028] In one embodiment, the composite formation unit (106) comprises: an ultrasonic system configured to disperse Ti3C2Tx MXene in ethanol for about 15 minutes; a mixing device configured to gradually add copper pyrophosphate with continuous stirring; and a tube furnace configured to anneal the composite at 550°C for 1 hour under an argon atmosphere.

[0029] In one embodiment, the electrode manufacturing unit (108) is configured to mix active materials with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride in a mass ratio of 8:1:1 using an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, wherein the electrode manufacturing unit (108) comprises a brush coating device configured to apply electrode slurry with an area coverage of 1 × 1 cm 2 onto a nickel foam substrate.

[0030] In one embodiment, the electrode manufacturing unit (108) comprises a brush coating device configured to apply electrode slurry with an area coverage of 1 × 1 cm 2 applied to nickel foam substrates.

[0031] In one embodiment, the characterization unit (110) comprises: field emission scanning electron microscopy equipment for morphological analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy equipment for compositional analysis; Raman spectroscopy equipment with a 532 nm laser source for structural characterization; and X-ray powder diffraction equipment with Cu-Kα radiation for phase identification.

[0032] In one embodiment, the characterization unit (110) further comprises an electrochemical workstation configured to measure the specific capacitance, specific energy, specific power, and capacity retention of the supercapacitor electrodes.

[0033] The present invention provides a comprehensive system that addresses the growing demand for high-performance energy storage solutions through the development of advanced copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposite materials. The system integrates several specialized units for the synthesis, combination, and characterization of novel electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications. The MXene synthesis unit is configured to produce Ti3C2Tx-MXene through a controlled wet-chemical etching process using hydrofluoric acid treatment of the Ti3AlC2MAX phase precursor. This unit ensures precise reaction conditions, including continuous stirring at 250 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature, followed by systematic washing and centrifugation cycles until a pH of approximately 6 is reached.This ensures the complete removal of etching residues and the production of high-purity MXene. The copper pyrophosphate production unit utilizes hydrothermal synthesis processes to produce copper pyrophosphate from copper nitrate, urea, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate precursors. The unit maintains optimal hydrothermal conditions at 120 °C for 2 hours in sealed autoclave systems, followed by annealing at 550 °C to achieve the desired crystal structure and electrochemical properties.The composite formation unit is configured to combine the individually prepared components Ti3C2TxMXene and copper pyrophosphate in predetermined weight ratios, specifically in the 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 configurations. This unit utilizes ultrasonic systems for homogeneous dispersion and tube furnace systems for controlled annealing under an argon atmosphere to ensure optimal composite formation while preserving the intrinsic properties of each component. The electrode fabrication unit converts the prepared nanocomposites into functional electrode materials by controlled mixing with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride binder in optimized mass ratios of 8:1:1. The unit utilizes brush coating techniques to apply electrode slurries with precise area coverage to nickel foam substrates, followed by controlled drying processes to achieve consistent electrode performance.The characterization unit offers comprehensive analytical capabilities, including field emission scanning electron microscopy for morphological analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for compositional evaluation, Raman spectroscopy for structural characterization, and X-ray powder diffraction for phase identification. Furthermore, the unit features electrochemical workstation systems for measuring critical performance parameters such as specific capacitance, specific energy, specific power, and capacity retention properties. The integrated system enables the fabrication of asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors using optimized CPP-MXene nanocomposites as cathode materials in combination with activated carbon anode materials.The resulting supercapacitors exhibit improved electrochemical performance characteristics and are suitable for next-generation energy storage applications requiring high power density, long lifetime, and reliable operation.

[0034] In one embodiment, the system is configured to produce composites by integrating Cu2P2O7 (CPP) with Ti3C2Tx (MXene) in three different weight ratios, e.g., 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50. The produced composite is tested using the three-electrode system. Subsequently, the optimized composite ratio (70:30) is used for testing the entire cell with activated carbon as the anode material.

[0035] In one implementation, the MXene synthesis unit (102) is configured to produce Ti 3 C 2 T xMXene is synthesized. 1 g of MAX phase precursor (Ti3AlC2) is slowly added to 20 ml of a 40% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to initiate the etching. The mixture is then stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 250 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature to complete the reaction. After etching, the resulting product is repeatedly washed and centrifuged at 4000 rpm until the supernatant reaches a pH of approximately 6. This ensures the complete removal of residual HF. The final product is then dried in a drying chamber operated overnight at 80 °C in a vacuum oven to obtain high-purity Ti3C2T x to get MXen.

[0036] In one embodiment, the copper pyrophosphate production unit is configured to synthesize copper pyrophosphate (CPP) using a hydrothermal process. A chemical bath is prepared containing 0.1 M copper nitrate (Cu(NO3) 2·3H2O), 0.1 M urea (CH4 N2O), and 0.1 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) dissolved in double-distilled water. The prepared solution is continuously stirred with a stirrer for 30 minutes before being transferred to a 50 mL Teflon container, which is then sealed and placed in a stainless steel autoclave system. The autoclave is heated to 120 °C for 2 hours in a muffle furnace. To ensure high purity after the reaction, the resulting product is purified by alternating centrifugation with ethanol and water. After purification, the product is dried at 80 °C. The resulting powder had a sky blue color.The powder was annealed in an annealing furnace at 550 °C for one hour to produce light green CPP.

[0037] In one embodiment, the composite formation unit is configured to synthesize CPP-MXene composites, wherein a series of composites with different compositions, such as 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50, were prepared by adjusting the weight ratios of CPP to MXene. The composite formation unit is configured so that the Ti3C2T xMXene was first sonicated in ethanol for approximately 15 minutes to form a homogeneous suspension. A desired amount of copper phosphate hydroxide (CPH) was gradually added to the suspension while continuously stirring with a stirrer. The resulting mixture was further sonicated, followed by evaporation of the ethanol. The resulting powder was then annealed in a tube furnace at 550 °C for 1 hour under an argon atmosphere, yielding the CPP-MXene composite with the desired composition.

[0038] In one embodiment, electrodes are fabricated using the CPP-MXene nanocomposite, with cathode and anode electrodes fabricated using a simple brush-coating technique. Active materials are mixed with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a mass ratio of 8:1:1. This mixture is then dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and stirred for three hours with a magnetic stirrer to form a homogeneous slurry. The slurry is then applied to a 1 × 1 cm surface using the brush-coating method. 2 A large area of ​​nickel foam (NF) is applied. After coating, the electrodes are dried in a vacuum oven at 80 °C for 12 hours.

[0039] In one implementation, the prepared nanocomposite was subjected to characterization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were recorded using a Tescan MIRA3. The composition of the materials was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Kratos AXIS Supra spectrometer). Raman characterization was performed using a Renishaw Raman Microscope X with a 532 nm laser source. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was performed using a Rigaku Smart Lab diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15409 nm). The electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors was measured using a Biologic VSP electrochemistry workstation.

[0040] The FESEM images of CPH, CPP, MXene, and their composites with different ratios of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 revealed different morphological properties. CPH appeared as loosely packed aggregate particles, while CPP exhibited dense, flake-like structures with sharp edges, indicating its crystalline nature. MXene exhibited well-defined stacked two-dimensional nanosheets as a result of successful HF etching. In the composite samples, the heterogeneous distribution showed CPP flakes interspersed with MXene nanosheets. With increasing MXene content, the sheet-like morphology became more pronounced, indicating better dispersion and integration. In the 70:30 composite, it was observed that CPP flakes are anchored in an orderly manner between and around the MXene layers, which has a positive effect on the electrochemical properties by enhancing the electrode-electrolyte interaction and improving the charge storage performance.

[0041] XRD analysis was performed for CPP, MXene, and their composites in various ratios. The diffraction pattern of CPP showed intense peaks at 15.21°, 23.9°, 28°, 30.7°, 34.09°, and 64.2°, corresponding to the crystallographic planes (110), (112), (202), (112), (221), and (332), and was in good agreement with JCPDS card no. 00-021-0880. MXene showed peaks at 8.89°, 18.18°, 27.32°, 34.40°, 39.02°, 41.48°, and 60.58°, which was consistent with previously reported data. The intensity of the MXene peaks decreased significantly compared to the parent MAX phase, and the shift of the main peak to lower angles indicated the successful formation of 2D MXene. The appearance of sharp and intense peaks confirmed the crystalline nature of the materials. The crystal sizes calculated using the Scherrer equation were 24.32 nm, 8.34 nm, 54.27 nm, 57.34 nm, and 18.99 nm for CPP, MXene, and their composites.The increase in crystal size up to an MXene content of 30% was due to MXene providing nucleation sites and supporting oriented CPP growth, thereby improving overall crystallinity. However, at a 50:50 ratio, there was a reduction in both peak intensity and crystal size because excess MXene introduced lattice strain and structural disorder, which disrupted crystal growth. The 70:30 composite exhibited the highest crystallinity and was expected to exhibit improved electrochemical performance due to its well-developed microstructure. Since the MXene peaks were low in intensity compared to CPP and overlapped in the XRD pattern, the presence of MXene in the composites was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.

[0042] Raman spectra of CPP, MXene, and their composites showed characteristic vibrational features. CPP exhibited Cu-O lattice vibrations in the range of 100–650 cm -1 and a strong POP bridge oscillation at 960 cm -1 . Additional symmetric stretching vibrations associated with PO3 were observed at 1140 cm -1 and 1090 cm -1 observed, which is consistent with previously described pyrophosphate compounds. MXene showed prominent peaks at 212 cm -1 and 702 cm -1 , which were assigned to the symmetric Alg out-of-plane vibrations of Ti and C atoms, as well as peaks at 371 cm -1 and 627 cm -1 for Eg-In-Plane vibrations. The D-band at 1324 cm -1 and the G-band at 1581 cm -1were clearly visible and indicated disordered domains and carbon regions. With increasing MXene content in the composites, a spectral evolution was observed. In the 90:10 composite, the CPP peaks remained prominent alongside the D and G bands of MXene. In the 70:30 and 50:50 composites, the MXene peak shifted from 208 cm -1 to 147 cm -1 , indicating strong interfacial interactions and enhanced vibrational coupling with possible structural reorganization at the interface. The intensity of this peak led to partial visibility of the D and G bands in the 70:30 composite and their complete suppression in the 50:50 composite.

[0043] XPS analysis was performed to investigate the elemental composition and chemical states in the optimized 70:30 CPP-MXene composite. The survey spectra confirmed the presence of Cu, O, Ti, C, and P with binding energies at 934.52, 531.2, 458.29, 284.6, and 132.9 eV, respectively, thus confirming the successful composite synthesis. High-resolution Cu 2p spectra were decomposed into five peaks, with two main peaks at 934.52 eV (Cu 2p3 / 2) and 954.37 eV (Cu 2p1 / 2) attributed to Cu. 2+ species, while satellite peaks at 944.02 eV and 958.82 eV are characteristic of Cu 2+ ions. A peak at 941.42 eV corresponded to CuO. The observed shift from the typical Cu 2p3 / 2 bond energy of 933.7 eV to 934.52 eV was due to the electron withdrawal effect from the Ti electron cloud around Cu. The O 1s spectrum was decomposed into peaks for Ti-OP (529.6 eV), Ti-O (530.9 eV), and POP (532 eV) bonds.

[0044] The Ti2p spectrum showed peaks at 458.24, 458.78, 459.18, and 464.66 eV. The peaks at 458.78 eV and 464.66 eV corresponded to Ti-O-Cu and Ti-O-C bonds, respectively, associated with increased ionic character and potentially enhanced charge-transfer properties. Peaks at 458.24 eV and 459.18 eV were assigned to TiO2 and surface oxidation, while the peak at 463.99 eV was assigned to Ti-C-Tx bonds, indicating an interaction of Ti with surface termination groups such as -OH and -O. The high electronegativity of the surrounding oxygen contributed to the observed shift towards higher binding energies. The C1s spectrum was decomposed into peaks at 284.49, 285.65, and 288.40 eV, corresponding to C-Ti, CC, and CO bonds, respectively, confirming the intercalation of CPP into MXene. The high-resolution spectrum of phosphorus showed peaks at 132.7 eV, 133.44 eV, and 134.27 eV, corresponding to CP, POP, and CO, respectively.Ti-OP and confirm the successful binding between CPP and MXen.

[0045] The results also showed that, of the various compositions tested, the 70:30 CPP-MXene ratio exhibited the highest specific capacity of 88 mAh / g, due to the effective combination of redox-active copper pyrophosphate and the highly conductive MXene matrix. The optimized CPP-MXene composite retained 76.94% of its capacity and an efficiency of 92.16% after 5,000 charge / discharge cycles. Furthermore, the optimized composite, when combined with activated carbon in an asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor, delivered an excellent specific capacity of 97 Fg. -1and demonstrated a specific energy of 34 Wh / kg and a specific power of 800 W / kg with excellent capacity stability. These findings suggest that the CPP-MXene composite is a strong candidate for high-performance and scalable energy storage devices suitable for wearable and portable electronics. These findings highlight the potential of CPP-MXene composites as efficient, high-performance electrode materials for next-generation solid-state supercapacitor applications.

[0046] The drawings and the foregoing description illustrate examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the described elements may well be combined to form a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be separated into multiple functional elements. Elements of one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of the processes described herein may be changed and is not limited to the manner described herein. Furthermore, the actions of a flowchart need not be performed in the order shown; nor do all actions need to be performed. Also, actions that are not dependent on other actions may be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples.Numerous variations, whether explicitly stated in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimensions, and use of materials, are possible. The scope of the embodiments is at least as broad as indicated in the following claims.

[0047] Advantages, further benefits, and solutions to problems have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, the advantages, advantages, solutions to problems, and any components that may result in an advantage, advantage, or solution occurring or becoming more apparent are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all of the claims. REFERENCE 100 A system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-Mxene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. 102 Mxene synthesis unit 104 Copper pyrophosphate processing plant 106 Composite formation unit 108 Characterization Unit 110 Electrode manufacturing unit

Claims

[1] A system for preparing copper pyrophosphate-MXene nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors, comprising: a) an MXene synthesis unit configured to produce Ti3C2Tx-MXene by wet chemical etching of a Ti3AlC2MAX phase precursor using a hydrofluoric acid solution; b) a copper pyrophosphate production unit configured to produce copper pyrophosphate by hydrothermal synthesis using copper nitrate, urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; c) a composite forming unit configured to combine the Ti3C2Tx MXene and the copper pyrophosphate in predetermined weight ratios to form CPP-MXene nanocomposites; and d) a characterization unit configured to perform an electrochemical performance evaluation of the prepared supercapacitor electrodes. [2] The system of claim 1, further comprising an electrode manufacturing unit for facilitating the fabrication of electrodes using prepared CPP-MXene nanocomposite with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride binder, wherein the electrode manufacturing unit (110) facilitates the fabrication of asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors using CPP-MXene nanocomposites as cathode material and activated carbon as anode material. [3] The system of claim 1, wherein the composite forming unit is configured to produce CPP-MXene composites having weight ratios selected from the group consisting of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:

50. [4] The system of claim 1, wherein the MXene synthesis unit comprises: an etching reactor configured to be continuously stirred at 250 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature; a washing system configured to repeatedly wash and centrifuge the etched product at 4000 rpm until the pH reaches approximately 6; and a drying chamber configured to dry the final product at 80 °C under vacuum conditions. [5] The system of claim 1, wherein the copper pyrophosphate processing unit comprises: a chemical bath preparation vessel configured to dissolve 0.1 M copper nitrate, 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; an autoclave system configured to maintain hydrothermal conditions at 120 °C for 2 hours; and an annealing furnace that heats the product to 550 °C for one hour. [6] The system of claim 1, wherein the composite forming unit comprises: an ultrasonic system configured to disperse Ti3C2Tx MXene in ethanol for approximately 15 minutes; a mixing device configured to gradually add copper pyrophosphate with continuous stirring; and a tube furnace configured to anneal the composite at 550 °C for 1 hour under an argon atmosphere. [7] The system of claim 1, wherein the electrode manufacturing unit is configured to mix active materials with carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride in a mass ratio of 8:1:1 using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent, the electrode manufacturing unit comprising a spreading device configured to spread electrode slurry with an area coverage of 1×1cm 2 onto a nickel foam substrate. [8] The system of claim 1, wherein the electrode manufacturing unit comprises a brush coating device configured to apply electrode slurry with an area coverage of 1×1 cm 2applied to nickel foam substrates. [9] The system of claim 1, wherein the characterization unit comprises: a field emission scanning electron microscopy device for morphological analyses; an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy device for composition analysis; Raman spectroscopy equipment with 532 nm laser source for structural characterization; and an X-ray powder diffraction device using Cu-Kα radiation for phase identification. [10] The system of claim 1, wherein the characterization unit further comprises an electrochemical workstation configured to measure the specific capacitance, specific energy, specific power, and capacity retention of the supercapacitor electrodes.

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