Shaft filter and sewer shaft

Abstract

Shaft filter (8), with a bucket-shaped insert (13), which • has a surrounding wall (15) and a base (14), • is intended to be arranged in use in a shaft (1) through which surface water flows, • has an inlet for the water, • has an outlet (9) for the water, which is arranged lower than the inlet when the insert (13) is in its position of use, • and is designed to be removed from the shaft (1) and has connection means (24) for a lifting device, characterized by that the shaft filter (8) has a fine filter (17) with a filter medium (19) through which water can flow, wherein the fine filter (17) is arranged in the flow path between inlet and outlet (9) in such a way that the water flowing to the outlet (9) is guided through the filter medium (18) of the fine filter (17), and that the fine filter (17) is connected to the insert (13) in such a way that they can be removed together from the shaft (1) and / or inserted together into the shaft (1).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shaft filter with a bucket-shaped insert which has a circumferential wall and a base, is intended to be arranged in use in a shaft through which surface water flows, has an inlet for the water, has an outlet for the water which is arranged lower than the inlet when the insert is in its position of use and is designed to be removed from the shaft, and for this purpose has connection means for a lifting device.

[0002] Such shaft filters are known in practice, for example in the form of galvanized steel buckets, which enable a coarse filtering effect through correspondingly large openings measuring several millimeters, for example, to retain branches or leaves that enter the shaft along with surface water. The buckets have a handle so that they can be removed from the shaft during regular maintenance work using a lifting device such as a widely used shaft hook. After emptying and cleaning, they can then be reinserted into the shaft.

[0003] Surface water can be precipitation water that is in direct aqueous form, such as rain, or that is initially in solid form, such as snow or hail, and later begins to thaw and thus liquefy. Furthermore, precipitation water can either hit the ground directly, or it can first hit buildings, plants, vehicles, or the like and then be washed away by them. Surface water is usually first collected, e.g. through gutters, troughs, drainage pipes, collecting pipes, gutters, or the like, and then channeled through the collection facility to the shaft. Depending on the path the surface water takes before reaching the shaft, it can carry various contaminants.The filtered water is discharged from the shaft, for example, into the sewer system, a cistern or a surface water body, or can be fed directly into the infiltration system.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of improving a generic shaft filter so that it enables improved purification of surface water with the lowest possible maintenance effort. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of providing a sewer shaft that ensures the discharge of the most thoroughly purified water possible while requiring the lowest possible maintenance effort.

[0005] Features of the invention are defined in claims 1 and 14. Further embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0006] The invention thus proposes that the shaft filter has a fine filter with a filter medium through which water can flow, wherein the fine filter is arranged in the flow path between inlet and outlet in such a way that the water flowing to the outlet is guided through the filter medium of the fine filter, and that the fine filter is connected to the insert in such a way that they can be removed together from the shaft and / or inserted together into the shaft.

[0007] In the context of the invention, a fine filter is defined as a filter which, compared to the insert of a generic shaft filter referred to as a coarse filter, is capable of retaining considerably smaller particles, namely particles with a diameter of 1 mm. Particularly advantageously, the fine filter can be designed in such a way that it can retain even considerably smaller particles of 1 µm in size, and particularly advantageously even particles of 0.45 µm, in order to clean the surface water as effectively as possible of filterable substances (AFS). In contrast to the fine filter used according to the invention, the bucket-shaped insert arranged in a generic shaft filter can be referred to as a coarse filter, which is not suitable for retaining smaller particles, but rather objects several millimeters or centimeters in size, such as the branches or leaves mentioned above, but also dead bird chicks that have fallen from the nest and the like.In contrast to such a coarse filter, the fine filter arranged in the shaft filter according to the invention enables the surface water to be freed of considerably smaller contaminants, for example, tire and brake wear from traffic-laden areas, thus resulting in significantly improved surface water purification by means of the shaft filter according to the invention. Downstream facilities such as sewer pipes, cisterns, or the like are therefore better protected against silting, so that the maintenance effort required for such downstream facilities can be significantly reduced. The maintenance effort for the shaft filter itself is not significantly greater than for a generic shaft filter, since the fine filter can be handled together with the bucket-shaped insert and removed from the shaft or later reinserted into the shaft.While in a conventional shaft filter, the water passes through the insert and flows through the openings in the insert, the insert according to the invention serves firstly as a settling basin or sludge trap and secondly as a collecting bucket for larger objects. The actual filtering effect of the shaft filter is determined by the fine filter.

[0008] The filtering effect of the fine filter can be achieved using different filter materials, e.g., a porous, sponge-like material or a bed of granular substrate, which may contain, for example, sand. Depending on which filtering effect is to be achieved in the form of filtration, adsorption, storage, ion exchange, and / or precipitation in order to free the raw water of undesirable contaminants, the filter material can be designed to achieve one or more of these desired filtering effects. In practice, substrates are known for other areas of application that, in addition to particles serving to achieve a purely mechanical filtering effect, also contain organic components to enable biological purification of the water and the degradation or conversion of contaminants.

[0009] Handling the fine filter and insert together saves time when removing and inserting these two components into the shaft. In this case, the slightly increased maintenance effort only concerns the maintenance of the fine filter, for example, by cleaning it or replacing the filter element.

[0010] One design of the shaft filter is characterized by the fine filter being detachably connected to the insert, such that the fine filter can be removed from the shaft separately from the insert. This detachability can be advantageous when the total weight of the fine filter plus the insert, due to the captured contaminants and possibly also water, is so great that handling this weight during removal from the shaft appears disadvantageous. In this case, it is possible to detach the fine filter from the insert and lift these two components out of the shaft one after the other, each with a correspondingly advantageously low partial weight.After these two components have been treated during maintenance—for example, emptied, cleaned, or replaced, and thus freed of both water and contaminants—they can be connected together and placed into the shaft together, thus simplifying maintenance efforts by handling these two components together. The fact that the two components of the shaft filter are connected ensures that they are correctly aligned in the shaft and, for example, fit tightly together to prevent unwanted bypassing of the fine filter. Detachable components simplify maintenance efforts in several ways:

[0011] Firstly, a time saving arises from the fact that when these two now connected components are inserted into the shaft together, they do not have to be inserted one after the other, but rather simultaneously. Secondly, a second time saving arises from the fact that the two components do not need to be connected to each other in the shaft, which could require complicated manipulation of one or both components over a great distance using appropriate tools. Instead, the fine filter and the insert can be easily connected above ground, easily accessible, easily handled, and in a correspondingly short time, and then inserted into the shaft together.Thirdly, the fact that both components can be easily handled above ground ensures a reliable and trouble-free connection between the fine filter and the insert, as these two components can be joined outside the shaft, allowing optimal testing of the fine filter's proper fit. Time-consuming rework to ensure a tight connection between the fine filter and the insert and prevent unwanted bypassing of the fine filter is therefore less likely and can, if necessary, be carried out quickly due to the easy accessibility of both components.

[0012] If the fine filter is detachably connected to the insert, one embodiment of such a shaft filter is characterized in that first connection means for a lifting device are arranged on the fine filter and second connection means for a lifting device are arranged on a bracket which is movably connected to the insert in such a way that the bracket can be moved optionally into a lifting position extending over the fine filter or into a rest position extending alongside the fine filter. The bracket located on the insert makes it possible to lift the insert out of the shaft or lower it into the shaft, for example using a shaft hook mentioned above. The ability to move the bracket between a lifting position and a rest position makes it possible to lift the fine filter out of the shaft in the rest position independently of the insert.In contrast, if the bracket extends over the fine filter, the fine filter and the insert can be lifted out of the shaft together or lowered into the shaft together. In this context, a bracket is an element that essentially runs in a U-shape and connects to the insert at two connection points. It can be grasped between the two connection points using a lifting device such as the aforementioned shaft hook. The bracket can, for example, be a rigid component that is connected to the insert's connection points in a hinged manner and is curved or V-shaped, or the bracket can be designed as a chain, rope, or a similarly flexible element.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bracket has a guide geometry between the two connection points in order to create a defined lifting point at which the lifting gear can be attached to the lifting means of the insert, which is designed as a bracket. This guide geometry can be designed as an eyelet, as a downwardly open, for example V-shaped notch or the like. While in the case of a flexible bracket the lifting point can be created automatically during handling by the rope, chain or the like sliding along the lifting gear, in the case of a rigid bracket the defined lifting point advantageously ensures that the lifting gear acts above the center of gravity of the insert, thus preventing the insert hanging from the lifting gear from becoming tilted. This reduces the forces that have to be overcome when lifting the insert, as undesirable high friction forces of the insert on the shaft wall are avoided.When lowering the insert, the desired seating of the insert within the shaft is facilitated, for example a sealed seat of the insert, which should prevent untreated raw water from bypassing the filter device.

[0014] Accordingly, for joint handling of the fine filter and the insert, the fine filter can be positioned above the center of gravity of the insert when the fine filter is connected to the insert. In this case, the aforementioned tilting of the insert is prevented even when the insert is handled using the hoist while the fine filter is connected to the insert.

[0015] One design of the shaft filter is characterized by the insert having a circumferential seal designed to seal the insert against the shaft when the insert is in its operating position. This supports the high efficiency of the shaft filter, as filter bypassing is avoided and, if possible, all unfiltered raw water must pass through the filter device.

[0016] If the shaft filter features the aforementioned circumferential seal, one design of the shaft filter is characterized by the insert widening upwards. This facilitates emptying and subsequent cleaning of the insert during maintenance work. Second, in contrast to a cylindrical shape of the insert, the contact area with a wall, sealing surface, or the like surrounding the insert is reduced, so that the resistance to be overcome when removing the insert from the shaft or during subsequent insertion can be kept as low as possible, thus simplifying maintenance work.

[0017] If the insert widens towards the top, one design of the shaft filter is characterized by the fact that the wall of the insert is made of an elastically deformable material and forms the seal in its upper area. This can be an elastomer material such as rubber or a similar plastic. The deformable design of the wall of the insert ensures the most tight connection possible between the insert and the shaft, for example, even with imprecise shaft cross-sections that deviate from a circle. As an alternative to such an insert design with an elastically deformable wall, the wall of the insert can be provided with a sealing ring in its upper area. In this case, the insert can have a less easily deformable and therefore referred to as "rigid" wall, for example made of steel, plastic or ceramic. The sealing ring can be attached to the edge of the wall or glued to it.Due to its material properties, the rigid wall facilitates, for example, the connection of a bracket to the wall, ensuring that the bracket won't tear out at its connection points, even under heavy weight. Alternatively, the bracket can be connected to the base of the insert; connection points as high as possible, such as on the wall, support the most stable handling of the insert held by the bracket.

[0018] One design of the shaft filter is characterized by the insert's outlet being positioned centrally in the base of the insert. This simplifies insertion of the insert into the shaft, as there is no need to pay attention to a specific angle of rotation of the insert around its vertical axis in order to direct the filtered clean water into a pipe connected to the insert or into a connection opening in the shaft connected to the insert.

[0019] One design of the shaft filter is characterized by the fact that the center of gravity of the shaft filter is located at the center of the shaft filter cross-section, and the connection means for a lifting device are arranged above the center of gravity. The connection means for a lifting device can, for example, be the guide geometry of a bracket mentioned above, which defines the point at which a lifting device connects to the bracket. The arrangement of the connection means above the center of gravity of the shaft filter prevents the undesirable tilt of the shaft filter when it is lifted out of the shaft or lowered into the shaft.Because the connection means of the shaft filter are arranged above the center of gravity of the entire shaft filter - and not just one of its individual components, such as the insert - the entire shaft filter, including the fine filter and the insert, can be handled by means of the lifting gear without being tilted.

[0020] With such a shaft filter design, an advantageous refinement is characterized by the fact that the centers of gravity of both the insert and the fine filter are located at the center of their respective component cross-sections. This avoids disadvantageous tilting even when the entire shaft filter is not handled as a unit, but rather the fine filter and insert are separated and handled separately, for example, when they are lifted out of the shaft.

[0021] One design of the shaft filter is characterized in that an outer filter surface of the fine filter, which borders the filter medium, is tubular, the tube's central axis runs upright when the fine filter is in its use position, and the filter surface is spaced radially all around from adjacent components when the fine filter is in its use position, such that the filter surface is essentially freely exposed to air flow. The upright tubular shape enables a large filter surface, for example, compared to a plate-shaped, equally high or horizontal filter surface. The space created all around the outside of the fine filter - for example to the shaft wall - ensures the freest possible air flow around the fine filter and thus the most even possible exposure of the filter surface to unfiltered raw water.Firstly, this enables a high hydraulic performance of the shaft filter, namely the highest possible water throughput per unit of time. Secondly, it avoids wedge-shaped gaps in the space within the shaft through which the raw water flows, where particles could otherwise accumulate and cover the filter surface. This ensures the most consistent effectiveness and performance of the fine filter over the longest possible period. If narrow, rod-shaped components such as a bracket, a pipe, or the like are located close to the outside of the filter surface, this does not significantly impede the free flow of the filter surface.

[0022] One embodiment of the shaft filter is characterized in that a distribution plate is arranged above the insert, which is intended to distribute water flowing into the shaft when the shaft filter is in its position of use, wherein the distribution plate has one or more openings through which water can flow downwards into the insert when the shaft filter is in use. The distribution plate helps to calm the raw water. Particles contained in the raw water can thus settle in the insert, which can therefore also be referred to as a sludge trap. This protects the fine filter from premature blocking and supports the longest possible maintenance intervals for the shaft filter. In addition to the settling function of a sludge trap, the coarse particles orObjects that are retained by the coarse filter insert in a shaft filter of this type, such as the aforementioned branches, leaves and the like.

[0023] One design of the shaft filter is characterized by the fine filter having an overflow opening above its filter medium. This overflow opening creates a flow connection for the water to the outlet, bypassing the filter medium. This overflow opening is sealed by a float. When the water level rises, the float automatically rises, releasing the overflow opening when the shaft filter is in use. The float forms an odor trap, preventing unwanted odors from the device downstream of the shaft, such as the sewer system, from rising into the shaft and then out of it in a direction opposite to the water flow.The described design of the shaft filter represents an alternative to installing an overflow on the shaft housing itself. For example, an overflow opening is arranged in the shaft wall above the shaft filter, from which a line leads to the shaft outlet or to an adjacent outlet line carrying filtered clean water. Without requiring any structural changes to the shaft, this overflow function, namely a filter bypass, is created by the shaft filter itself. If the fine filter becomes clogged or if there is heavy rainfall, the water in the shaft rises until the entire filter surface is utilized.If this does not allow a sufficiently fast flow through the shaft filter and the water level in the shaft continues to rise, a reliable function of the shaft, namely to drain the water in a controlled manner, is ensured by the overflow opening being opened automatically and the raw water being able to reach the clean side of the fine filter and then on to the shaft outlet, bypassing the fine filter.

[0024] If the overflow function created by the shaft filter is implemented, a design of the shaft filter is characterized by the float being mounted in a tension-resistant, vertically movable manner and having a connection for a lifting device. The vertically movable mounting allows the float to close the overflow opening in its low position, and to be raised when the water level rises in order to open the overflow opening. The tension-resistant mounting of the float in this context means that the aforementioned vertical movement is limited and tensile forces are transferred to its bearing when the float is lifted. Since the float has a connection for a lifting device, the component to which the float is mounted can be lifted using the float and a lifting device.The component on which the float is mounted can be the fine filter, which can be lifted separately by detaching it from the insert before or during lifting. Or the entire shaft filter can be lifted if the float is mounted on the fine filter and the fine filter is tensile-tightly connected to the insert. However, the component on which the float is mounted can also be the insert, which can be lifted separately after the fine filter has been separated from the insert. Or the entire shaft filter can be lifted if the float is mounted on the insert and the fine filter remains connected to the insert before the insert is lifted.

[0025] The invention further relates to a sewer manhole, comprising a manhole housing that is oriented upright during use, a manhole inlet intended for connection to a raw water supply line, and a manhole outlet intended for connection to a purified water line. The manhole filter is configured according to the invention, the outlet of which is connected to the manhole outlet in such a way that the filtered purified water flows into the manhole outlet during use. The raw water supply line can be a pipeline or, for example, a channel on the ground surface through which the unfiltered raw water flows from above into the manhole and thus into the manhole inlet.The inventive shaft filter, installed in the sewer shaft, ensures that the water discharged into the sewer is as thoroughly cleaned as possible, as it passes through the fine filter rather than just a coarse filter before reaching the shaft outlet. By handling the fine filter and insert together, the required maintenance effort is advantageously kept to a minimum.

[0026] One design of the sewer shaft is characterized by the shaft outlet being arranged laterally in the shaft casing, an intermediate floor being arranged in the shaft casing at a height between the shaft inlet and the shaft outlet, and the shaft filter being designed to stand on the intermediate floor during use. The intermediate floor serves to support the shaft filter and can therefore be constructed in a variety of ways. It must allow the clean water to be drained away, for example, through an opening through which a clean water pipe can extend. It can be designed, for example, as a plate or perforated sheet. The intermediate floor can also be formed by parallel struts, struts arranged at an angle to one another, or struts crossing each other in a grid-like manner.As an alternative to such designs of the intermediate floor, in which the intermediate floor extends over practically the entire cross-section of the sewer shaft, the intermediate floor can be implemented in a structurally greatly reduced design by a ring running along the shaft wall, or - even more reduced - in the form of several consoles distributed along the shaft wall.

[0027] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the purely schematic drawings. They show: Fig. 1 to 3 different views of a shaft with a first embodiment of a shaft filter arranged therein, Fig. 4 to 7 different views of a shaft with a second embodiment of a shaft filter arranged therein, and Fig. 8 to 10 different views of a shaft with a third embodiment of a shaft filter arranged therein.

[0028] Fig. 1 shows an external view of a shaft 1 serving as a sewerage shaft, comprising a cylindrical shaft casing 2, a shaft base 3, a shaft outlet 4, and an external overflow 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft outlet 4 is designed as a socket of a pipeline component so that an adjacent pipe section with a spigot end can be connected to it. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft outlet 4 is formed by a so-called branch 6, a commercially available component from a pipeline program; the function of this branch will be explained in more detail later. The shaft 1 is typically located underground in the ground, and its shaft casing 2, which is open at the top, can be covered by a shaft cover (not shown in the drawing).If necessary, intermediate or compensating rings can be attached to the top of the shaft casing 2 and extend the shaft 1 upwards to ensure that the shaft cover is installed flush with the ground surface and at the same level.

[0029] Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through shaft 1 along the line II - II in Fig. 1 and thus in a Fig. 1 View rotated by 90°. Unfiltered raw water can flow into the shaft 1 through a shaft inlet 7, whereby the shaft inlet 7 in the illustrated embodiment is also designed as a sleeve of a pipeline component, here a pipe socket. The raw water must normally flow through a shaft filter 8 and then reaches an outlet 9 of the shaft filter 8 as filtered clean water. An outlet line 10 is connected to the outlet 9, which carries the clean water to the shaft outlet 4. If the amount of water flowing into the shaft 1 exceeds the hydraulic capacity of the shaft filter 8 and the raw water level inside the shaft casing 2 rises above the shaft filter 8, raw water can, in deviation from the normal case described, flow out of the shaft casing 2 through an overflow opening 11 and flow outside the shaft casing 2 through the external overflow 5, bypassing the shaft filter 8, to the shaft outlet 4.

[0030] The shaft filter 8 stands on an intermediate floor 12, which is arranged in the shaft housing 2 at a height between the shaft inlet 7 and the shaft outlet 4 and has a central opening through which the outlet 9 of the shaft filter 8 extends downwards. The outlet 9 is designed as a pipe socket, which forms a spigot end, with the outlet line 10 connecting to the outlet 9 by means of a 90° pipe bend, which is designed as a double socket. Fig. 3 shows how the pipe bend of the outlet line 10 is received in the intermediate floor 12 and the outlet 9 of the shaft filter 8 extends into the outlet line 10 and connects tightly to the outlet line 10 with the typical seal arranged in the sleeve of the pipe bend.

[0031] The shaft filter 8 has a bucket-shaped, upwardly open insert 13 with a base 14 supported on the intermediate base 12 and a surrounding wall 15 that widens conically upwards and, in the region of its largest diameter, rests against the inside of the shaft housing 2. The wall 15 is provided at its upper edge with a sealing ring 16 made of a solid or foamed elastomer material, is thus more easily deformable than the wall 15 and rests fluid-tight against the shaft wall, namely the shaft housing 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the base 14, the wall 15, and the sealing ring 16 are designed as separate components made of different materials.Deviating from the illustrated embodiment, the wall 15 can be designed to be deformable, at least in its upper region, for example by means of a correspondingly small wall thickness, and can have a diameter sufficiently large to directly abut the shaft casing 2 in a liquid-tight manner, dispensing with the sealing ring 16. Furthermore, deviating from the illustrated embodiment, the entire insert 13 can be designed as a single piece, for example from an elastomer material, wherein the base 14 is supported in a dimensionally stable manner on the intermediate base 12 and the wall 15, due to its deformability, abuts the shaft casing 2 in a liquid-tight manner, dispensing with the sealing ring 16.

[0032] The base 14 of the insert 13 is tightly connected to the outlet of the shaft filter 8 by gluing or welding. Unfiltered raw water flowing through the shaft inlet 7 into the shaft housing enters the insert 13 and cannot flow downwards outside the insert 13 because the insert 13 is sealed against the shaft housing 2. Instead, the raw water must flow through a fine filter 17, which is hollow-cylindrical in design and has a tubular outer filter surface 18 against which the raw water flows. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter surface 18 has a circular cross-section; however, it can also be polygonal, zigzag-shaped, or similar.Since the filter surface 18 is spaced radially all around from adjacent components, for example from the wall of the shaft housing 2, it can be easily subjected to flow over its entire surface and does not offer any flow-calmed areas where impurities can preferentially accumulate and block the filter surface 18.

[0033] The fine filter 17 is arranged upright with the pipe's central axis oriented upright. The raw water passes through a filter medium 19 radially from the outside to the inside and flows downwards as filtered clean water to the outlet 9 and into the outlet line 10, so that it can be led through the shaft outlet 4 into the sewer system, a cistern, or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter medium 19 is designed as a substrate in the form of a bed of filter-effective particles, which is filled into a tubular space defined radially by the outer filter surface 18 and a concentric inner filter surface 20, both of which are designed like a sieve and through which water can flow.

[0034] In the axial direction, the tubular space accommodating the substrate is delimited by a lower end plate 21 and an upper end plate 22, which in the illustrated embodiment are each designed as a stainless steel plate, with water not flowing through the upper end plate 22. The lower end plate 21, however, has openings in its central region so that the clean water can flow downward from the fine filter 17 into the outlet 9. Alternatively, and in contrast to the illustrated embodiment, the lower end plate 21 can be designed as a ring, over whose central opening a cross member extends. In any case, the lower end plate 21 forms an abutment against which a tension rod 23 is supported.The pull rod 23 has a ring eyelet at its upper end, which serves as a connecting means 24 for lifting the entire shaft filter 8 out of the shaft 1 using a lifting device or inserting it into the shaft housing 2, for example, using a shaft hook. The fine filter 17 is secured to the shaft housing 2 by means of several screws 25, as shown in FIG. Fig. 3, is firstly connected to the bottom 14 of the insert 13 in a tensile manner and secondly in a watertight manner so that the raw water cannot flow uncontrollably into the outlet 9, bypassing the fine filter 17.

[0035] The Fig. 4 to 7 show a second embodiment of a shaft 1 with a shaft filter 8, wherein comparable components, even if they are designed somewhat differently, are identified by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3. Therefore, and to avoid repetition, firstly the description of the shaft 1 will essentially focus on the differences to the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3 and secondly, for reasons of clarity, not all reference symbols are included in the Fig. 4 to 7 entered.

[0036] From the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 it can be seen that the shaft 1 does not have an external overflow 5 as in the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3 is present. In order to ensure that the water is drained away in a controlled manner even in the event of large amounts of precipitation exceeding the hydraulic capacity of the shaft filter 8, when the water level in the shaft housing 2 continues to rise, the upper end plate 22 of the fine filter 17 is provided with an overflow opening 26 which is bordered by a collar 27 which extends upwards beyond the upper end plate 22. A float 28, which is provided with a seal 29 on its underside, normally rests with its seal 29 on the upper edge of the collar 17 and thus forms an odor trap.When the water level is sufficiently high, the float 28 is raised from the water level and releases the overflow opening 26, allowing raw water to pass through the collar 27 into the interior of the fine filter 17 and thus onto its clean side, flow downwards, and through the outlet 9 of the shaft filter 8 and the outlet line 10 to the shaft outlet 4. The shaft 1 thus has an internal overflow to guide raw water into the outlet 9 in a controlled manner—namely when the water level is sufficiently high. However, to prevent uncontrolled bypassing of the fine filter 17, in this second embodiment too, the fine filter 17 is connected to the base 14 of the insert 13 by means of several screws 25, not only in a tensile-resistant but also watertight manner.

[0037] A centering rod 30 is connected to the bottom of the float 28 and, through its weight, contributes to pressing the seal 29 of the float 28 tightly against the upper edge of the collar 27 under normal conditions. Furthermore - not shown in the drawing - the centering rod 30 is guided radially inside the fine filter 17, so that the tight contact of the seal 29 on the collar 27 is ensured at a correspondingly low water level. The float 28, together with the centering rod 30, is vertically movable, whereby this vertical mobility is limited upwards - also not shown in the drawing - by means of a stop. For example, the centering rod 30 can be moved in a similar way to the tension rod 23 of the Fig. 1 to 3 extend below the lower end plate 21 of the fine filter 17, so that a nut forms the aforementioned stop there. When the float 28 is raised until the nut of the lower end plate 21 rests, further lifting of the float causes upward forces to be transferred from the nut to the lower end plate 21.

[0038] The buoyancy of the float 28 is designed in such a way that even at a water level that allows the float 28 to fully submerge and sink into the water, the shaft filter 8 is not lifted from the intermediate floor 12 and the outlet 9 is not separated from the outlet line 10. However, if - this is also not shown in the drawing - the float 28 is provided with a connection means for a lifting device, for example, has a ring eye on its upper side, sufficiently large lifting forces can act on the shaft filter 8 via the float 28 and the stop in order to be able to lift it out of the sewer shaft 1.

[0039] In the two illustrated embodiments, the shaft filters 8 are designed rotationally symmetrically, so that the center of gravity of the shaft filter 8 is located on its center axis. The connection means for a lifting device are preferably located, as in Fig. 2, above the center of gravity of the shaft filter 8, so that it can be moved up and down within the shaft housing without tilting.

[0040] The Fig. 8 to 10 show a third embodiment of a shaft 1 with a shaft filter 8, wherein here too comparable components are identified by the same reference numerals as in the other two embodiments, the description of the shaft 1 is essentially limited to the differences from the other embodiments and not all reference numerals are included in the Fig. 8 to 10 are entered.

[0041] The third embodiment largely corresponds structurally to the first embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3, and as in this case, the sewer shaft 1 has an external overflow 5. However, in this third embodiment, the shaft filter 8 can be handled in such a way that either the entire shaft filter 8 or the insert 13 and fine filter 17 can be handled separately. For example, the fine filter 17 can first be lifted out of the shaft housing 2 independently of the insert 13 if deposits increase the weight and make it difficult for water to drain from the insert, so that the total weight of the entire shaft filter 8 to be handled, including the contaminants and water residues contained therein, would be undesirably large.

[0042] For handling the entire shaft filter 8, a bracket 31 is used, which is hinged to hinge eyes 32, whereby the hinge eyes 32 are fixed in the base 14 of the insert 13. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, the articulated eyes 32 are shown aligned so that the axis passing through their openings runs parallel to the plane of the drawing, so that the bracket 31 can be pivoted transversely to the plane of the drawing. Fig. Figure 9 shows the bracket 31 in a vertically upward, so-called lifting position, in which it enables the lifting of the insert 13, optionally together with the fine filter 17. The bracket 31 is essentially U-shaped and extends upward beyond the fine filter 17. In its central region, on the central axis of the shaft filter 8, the bracket 31 forms a connection means 24 for a lifting device, extending there in a V-shape with the tip pointing upward. When the shaft filter 8 is grasped by this connection means 24 and lifted, the insert 13 is lifted together with the fine filter 17 standing on the base 14 of the insert 13.

[0043] Alternatively, the bracket 31 can be pivoted around the hinge eyes 32 and transversely to the plane of the drawing into a so-called rest position, in which its upper, horizontal section together with the connecting means 24 is located laterally next to the fine filter 17, so that the fine filter 17 can be lifted separately by means of its own connecting means 24, namely the ring eye, while the insert 13 remains in the shaft housing. Fig. 9 is the ring eyelet forming the connecting means 24 of the fine filter 17, as shown by the articulated eyelets 32 transverse to the plane of the drawing, in an orientation corresponding to that of Fig. 2 is rotated by 90°. Unlike in the first embodiment, the fine filter 17 is not screwed to the insert 13 in a tension-resistant manner, but is merely placed loosely into the insert 13. Centering and a certain clamping effect are achieved by the fact that the outlet 9 of the shaft filter 8, designed as a pipe socket, is enclosed in a liquid-tight manner by the typical sleeve seal located there within the sleeve of the pipe bend, which forms the upper end of the outlet line 10, so that the fine filter 17 is non-positively connected to the insert 13. This non-positive connection facilitates joint handling of the fine filter 17 and the insert 13, but also allows for easy separation of these two components.

[0044] To prevent uncontrolled bypassing of the fine filter 17 in this third embodiment as well, the lower end plate 21 of the fine filter 17 is provided with a sealing ring, referred to as the base seal 34, which seals the fine filter 17 against the base 14 in a watertight manner. The effectiveness of the base seal 34 is ensured by its own weight, with which the fine filter 17 is pressed onto the base 14, and by a contact pressure exerted by the bracket 31: similar to the second embodiment, the fine filter 17 has a collar that extends upwards beyond the upper end plate 22. The upper, horizontal section of the bracket 31 presses on this collar and thus causes the base seal 34 of the fine filter 17 to be pressed watertight onto the base 14 of the insert 13.Deviating from the illustrated embodiment, it can be provided that the upper, horizontal section of the bracket 31 does not press on the collar, but on the upper end plate 22.

[0045] If the fine filter 17 and the insert 13 are lifted separately to reduce the weight to be handled and are serviced outside the shaft 1, e.g. emptied, cleaned and if necessary the filter medium 19 is replaced, the fine filter 17 can then be placed in the insert 13 and the bracket 31 pivoted into its lifting position so that, in the interests of simplified handling, these two components of the shaft filter 8 do not need to be placed separately in the shaft housing 2 and joined together there in the correct alignment, but rather the entire shaft filter 8 can be placed into the shaft housing 2 as a ready-to-use unit. For this purpose, the fine filter 17 is placed in the insert 13 outside the shaft 1 and centered by inserting the pipe socket-shaped outlet 9 through the central opening in the base 14 of the insert 13.The bracket 32 ​​is then pivoted from its rest position over the fine filter 17 and into its lifting position, so that the entire shaft filter 8 can now be raised or lowered by means of the bracket-side connecting means 24.

[0046] Apart from the differences between the various embodiments already explained, Fig.5, that a distribution plate 33 is arranged above the insert 13. Water flowing into the shaft housing 2 is distributed on the distribution plate 33, so that, firstly, the flow of the raw water is calmed and the settling of heavy particles in the bucket-shaped insert 13 is supported. For this purpose, the distribution plate 33 has one or more openings through which the raw water can flow downwards into the insert 13. Secondly, the distribution plate 33 causes the raw water to be distributed around the fine filter 17 so that its filter surface 18 is exposed to impurities as evenly as possible and premature blocking of certain peripheral sections of the fine filter 17 is avoided, which would otherwise be directly exposed to the raw water flowing in through the shaft inlet 7.

[0047] Such a distribution plate 33 can be provided not only in the second embodiment, but can also be used in conjunction with a shaft filter according to the invention, even if this or the shaft is designed differently from the illustrated embodiments. In any case, the invention is not limited to one of the previously described embodiments, but can be modified in a variety of ways. All features and advantages emerging from the claims, the description, and the drawings, including design details, spatial arrangements, and method steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in a wide variety of combinations. For example, the illustrated embodiments can be modified such that they are designed without the external or internal overflow function and do not have the overflow 5 or the overflow opening 26 and the float 28. List of reference symbols 1 shaft 2 shaft housings 3 shaft bottom 4 shaft outlet 5 Overflow 6 branch 7 Shaft inlet 8 shaft filters 9 Outlet 10 Outlet line 11 Overflow opening 12 intermediate floor 13 Use 14 Floor 15 Wall 16 Sealing ring 17 fine filters 18 filter area 19 Filter medium 20 Filter inner surface 21 lower end plate 22 upper end plate 23 Drawbar 24 connecting elements 25 screw 26 Overflow opening 27 collars 28 swimmers 29 Seal 30 centering rod 31 brackets 32 Articulated eyelet 33 Distribution plate 34 Floor seal

Claims

[1] Shaft filter (8), with a bucket-shaped insert (13), which • has a surrounding wall (15) and a floor (14), • is intended to be installed in a shaft (1) through which surface water flows, • has an inlet for water, • has an outlet (9) for the water which is positioned lower than the inlet when the insert (13) is in its operating position, • and is designed to be removed from the shaft (1) and has connection means (24) for a lifting device, characterized by , that the shaft filter (8) has a fine filter (17) with a filter medium (19) through which water can flow, wherein the fine filter (17) is arranged in the flow path between inlet and outlet (9) in such a way that the water flowing to the outlet (9) is passed through the filter medium (18) of the fine filter (17), and that the fine filter (17) is connected to the insert (13) in such a way that they can be removed together from the shaft (1) and / or inserted together into the shaft (1). [2] Shaft filter according to claim 1, characterized by , that the fine filter (17) is detachably connected to the insert (13) in such a way that the fine filter (17) can be removed separately from the insert (13) from the shaft (1). [3] Shaft filter according to claim 2, characterized by , • that first connection means (24) for a lifting device are arranged on the fine filter (17), • and second connection means (24) for a lifting device are arranged on a bracket (31), o which is movably connected to the insert (13), o such that the bracket (31) can be moved either into a lifting position extending over the fine filter (17) or into a rest position extending alongside the fine filter (17). [4] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the insert (13) has a circumferential seal which is designed to seal the insert (13) against the shaft (1) when the insert (13) is in its operating position. [5] Shaft filter according to claim 4, characterized by , that the stake (13) extends upwards. [6] Shaft filter according to claim 5, characterized by , that the wall (15) of the insert (13) is made of an elastically deformable material and forms the seal in its upper area. [7] Shaft filter according to claim 5, characterized by , that the wall (15) of the insert (13) is provided with a sealing ring (16) in its upper area. [8] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the outlet (9) of the insert (13) is arranged centrally in the base (14) of the insert (13). [9] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the center of gravity of the shaft filter (8) is located in the center of the shaft filter cross-section and connection means (24) for a lifting device are arranged above the center of gravity. [10] Shaft filter according to claim 9, characterized by , that the focal points of both the insert (13) and the fine filter (17) are located in the center of their respective component cross-sections. [11] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , • that an outer filter surface (18) of the fine filter (17) which limits the filter medium (19) is designed in a tube-like shape, • the central axis of the pipe runs upright when the fine filter (17) is in its operating position, • and the filter surface (18) is spaced radially all around from adjacent components when the fine filter (17) is in its operating position, such that the filter surface (18) is essentially free to flow over. [12] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a distribution plate (33) is arranged above the insert (13), which is intended to distribute water flowing into the shaft (1) when the shaft filter (8) is in its operating position, wherein the distribution plate (33) has one or more openings through which water can flow downwards into the insert (13) when the shaft filter (8) is in use. [13] Shaft filter according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the fine filter (17) has an overflow opening (26) above its filter medium (19) which creates a flow connection for the water to the outlet (9) by bypassing the filter medium (19), and which is closed by means of a float (28) in such a way that when the water level rises the float (28) is automatically lifted and releases the overflow opening (26) when the shaft filter (8) is in use. [14] Shaft filter according to claim 13, characterized by , that the float (28) is mounted in a tensile-resistant manner and is movable in height and has connection means (24) for a lifting device. [15] Sewer shaft, with a shaft housing oriented upright in use (2), and with a shaft inlet (7) designed to be connected to a raw water supply line, and with a shaft outlet (4) designed to be connected to a clean water line, and with a shaft filter (8) according to one of the preceding claims, the outlet (9) of which is connected to the shaft outlet (4) in such a way that the filtered clean water flows into the shaft outlet (4) during use. [16] Sewer shaft according to claim 15, characterized by , that the shaft outlet (4) is arranged laterally in the shaft housing (2), and that an intermediate floor (12) is arranged in the shaft housing (2) at a height between the shaft inlet (7) and the shaft outlet (4), and the shaft filter (8) is intended to stand on the intermediate floor (12) during use.

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