Photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

Photovoltaic cell (100), comprising: a cell substrate (110) having two opposing surface faces (1100), wherein at least one surface face (1100) of the two surface faces (1100) includes two boundary regions (20) arranged at intervals in a first direction (X) and a central region (30) located between the two boundary regions (20); a plurality of electrodes (108) arranged at intervals in the first direction (X) on the at least one surface side (1100), wherein each electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108) extends in a second direction (Y), the first direction (X) intersecting with the second direction (Y); at least one edge connection line (137) located within a respective edge region (20) of the two edge regions (20); at least one central connecting line (147) located in the central region (30); and a plurality of reinforcement sections (157), wherein each reinforcement section (157) of the plurality of reinforcement sections (157) is arranged on one side of each edge connection line (137) of the at least one edge connection line (137) away from the cell substrate (110); wherein the respective edge connecting line (137) is in contact with at least one electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108), and a respective central connecting line (147) of the at least one central connecting line (147) is in contact with at least one electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108); and wherein the respective edge connecting line (137) has a width that is greater than the width of the respective central connecting line (147) in the second direction (Y).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] With the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, photovoltaic cells are increasingly being used as a new alternative energy solution. A photovoltaic cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight into electrical energy. Due to the photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic cells generate charge carriers, which are then extracted via electrodes to enable the efficient use of electrical energy. Currently, photovoltaic cells mainly include back-contact cells (BC), tunnel oxide passivated contact cells (TOPCon), PERC cells (passivated emitter and rear cells), and heterojunction cells.

[0003] However, a region of a photovoltaic cell where electrodes and current-harvesting components are arranged in conjunction with the electrodes can be considered a light-blocking region. A section of the cell substrate located in this region receives a relatively low total amount of light, which is detrimental to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module which may be at least advantageous in improving the structural stability of photovoltaic cells while reducing the risk of shading.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic cell comprising: a cell substrate with two opposing surface sides, wherein at least one surface side of the two surface sides comprises two boundary regions arranged at intervals in a first direction and a central region located between the two boundary regions; a plurality of electrodes arranged at intervals in the first direction on the at least one surface side, wherein each electrode of the plurality of electrodes extends in a second direction, the first direction intersecting with the second direction; at least one boundary connecting line located within each boundary region of the two boundary regions; at least one central connecting line located in the central region;and a plurality of reinforcement sections, wherein each reinforcement section of the plurality of reinforcement sections is arranged on one side of each edge connection line of the at least one edge connection line away from the cell substrate. The respective edge connection line is in contact with at least one electrode of the plurality of electrodes, and each respective central connection line of the at least one central connection line is in contact with at least one electrode of the plurality of electrodes. The respective edge connection line has a width that is greater than the width of the respective central connection line in the second direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the respective reinforcing section includes the following: a first section extending in the second direction, and two second sections extending in the first direction, the first section being in contact with a corresponding second section of the two second sections at each of the two opposite ends of the first section in the second direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, the plurality of reinforcement sections is subdivided into a plurality of groups of reinforcement sections, and the reinforcement sections in each group are arranged at intervals on an equal edge connection line of the at least one edge connection line. The orthographic projection areas of the reinforcement sections in each group on the cell substrate are equal, or the orthographic projection areas of the reinforcement sections on the cell substrate gradually decrease in a direction away from the central region.

[0008] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes edge pads, wherein each edge pad is located on one side of a respective edge region of the two edge regions near the central region, and the respective edge pad is in contact with a corresponding central connecting line on one side of the respective edge pad near the central region in the first direction, and in contact with a corresponding edge connecting line on one side of the respective edge pad away from the central region in the first direction. An orthographic projection area of ​​the respective edge pad on a respective surface side is larger than an orthographic projection area of ​​a respective gain section on the respective surface side.

[0009] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes a plurality of auxiliary pads arranged at intervals in the first direction and located between two edge pads arranged at intervals in the first direction, wherein an orthographic projection area of ​​each auxiliary pad on the respective surface side is smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​each edge pad on the respective surface side.

[0010] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective amplification section on the respective surface side is less than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective auxiliary pad on the respective surface side.

[0011] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell further includes a plurality of solder joints arranged at intervals in the first direction and located between two adjacent auxiliary pads in the first direction, each solder joint being in contact with a respective electrode.

[0012] In some embodiments, the respective solder joint includes a welding line extending in the second direction and extension lines extending in the first direction, wherein the welding line is in contact with a corresponding extension line at each end of two opposite ends of the welding line in the second direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the plurality of auxiliary pads comprises first auxiliary pads and at least one second auxiliary pad, wherein each first auxiliary pad is arranged between a respective edge pad and a solder pad nearest to the respective edge pad, each second auxiliary pad has solder pads that are adjacent on two sides of the respective second auxiliary pad in the first direction, and an orthographic projection area of ​​each first auxiliary pad on the respective surface side is smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​the respective second auxiliary pad on the respective surface side.

[0014] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell is provided with edge connecting conductors in the edge regions of one of the two surface sides and with harpoon sections in the edge regions of the other of the two surface sides, and each harpoon section encloses two busbar conductors with intersecting directions of extension, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the directions of extension of the busbar conductors lie on the same plane and intersect each other in pairs; or the photovoltaic cell is provided with edge connecting conductors in the edge regions of one of the two surface sides.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a further aspect of the present disclosure further provides a photovoltaic module comprising: a plurality of cell strings, wherein each cell string is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells as described in any of the preceding aspects; at least one encapsulation film, wherein each encapsulation film is configured to cover a surface of each cell string; and at least one cover plate, wherein each cover plate is configured to cover a surface of the respective encapsulation film facing away from the respective cell string.

[0016] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes a cell string group having N columns of cell strings connected in parallel to each other, wherein each cell string of the N columns of cell strings includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each photovoltaic cell of the plurality of photovoltaic cells has the shape of a quasi-rectangle having a width and a length longer than the width, and the ratio of the width to the length is 1 / M: 1, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is less than N, wherein the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle is the first direction;a plurality of first connection structures, wherein each first connection structure of the plurality of first connection structures is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a corresponding cell string; and a plurality of second connection structures, wherein each second connection structure of the plurality of second connection structures is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings.

[0017] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell is a segmented cell, wherein the segmented cell is obtained by cutting an original complete cell wafer along a longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer, and the segmented cell is 1 / S of the original complete cell wafer, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; each photovoltaic cell of the plurality of photovoltaic cells has the shape of a quasi-rectangle, and the longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer is the first direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the plurality of photovoltaic cells of the respective cell string are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells; and the photovoltaic module further comprises buffer pads, wherein a respective buffer pad of the buffer pads is located at least on the corresponding overlap area, wherein a width of the respective buffer pad is greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding overlap area along the first direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes three cell string groups connected in series in a sequence along a longitudinal side direction of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each cell string group of the three cell string groups comprises four parallel cell strings and the four cell strings are arranged in an array along the longitudinal side direction or the short side direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0020] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell further includes first busbar electrodes and second busbar electrodes arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell along a longitudinal side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the first busbar electrodes and the second busbar electrodes run parallel to short sides of the quasi-rectangle. For two adjacent photovoltaic cells in the respective cell string, a respective first connection structure is electrically connected to a corresponding first busbar electrode of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells and a corresponding second busbar electrode of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells.In the case of two adjacent cell strings in the photovoltaic module, a respective second connection structure is electrically connected to a respective first busbar electrode of one of the two adjacent cell strings and a respective second busbar electrode of the other of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to first busbar electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to second busbar electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] One or more embodiments are described as examples with reference to the corresponding figures in the accompanying drawings, and this exemplary description does not constitute a limitation of the embodiments. Elements in the accompanying drawings that have the same reference numerals are shown as similar elements, and unless otherwise specifically indicated, the figures in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale. In order to describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure or of the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings that must be used in the embodiments are briefly described below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description show only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive further drawings from the accompanying drawings without creative effort. Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell, which is provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 11 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 13 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16 is a schematic top view of an original complete cell wafer provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 17 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 18 is a schematic top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 19 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 20 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 21 is a schematic enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a dashed circle A in Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the one in Fig. 20 photovoltaic modules shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXECUTION FORMS

[0022] As can be seen from the state of the art, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells must be further improved.

[0023] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. In the photovoltaic cell, based on the design of edge conductors and central conductors for collecting current in electrodes located in different regions of the cell substrate, it is further provided that the width of the respective edge conductor is greater than the width of the respective central conductor. With such a configuration, it is advantageous to improve the strength of the connection between the edge conductors and the cell substrate, to prevent breakage of the edge conductors due to excessive stress in the edge regions, and to reduce the transmission resistance of the edge conductors.If the first connection structure is used to subsequently establish the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells, the above design can improve the alignment accuracy and strength of the connection between the first connection structure and the edge connection leads, avoid a cold solder joint, a separation of the solder joint or a break due to excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on the edge connection leads, improve the efficiency of charge carrier collection of the edge connection leads and improve the stability of the connection between the first connection structures and the edge connection leads.Furthermore, compared to the design of a harpoon structure that includes two busbars with different expansion directions in the edge region, provided that the layout length along the first direction remains unchanged, the expansion length of the edge connection line is shorter than the expansion length of the busbar in the harpoon structure. This can reduce the layout area on the cell substrate occupied by the edge connection lines, thereby decreasing the manufacturing costs of the edge connection lines, and can also reduce the area of ​​the light-blocking region caused by the edge connection lines, thus increasing the overall amount of light received by the cell substrate.By designing reinforcement sections on the side of the edge conductors facing away from the cell substrate, breakage of the edge conductors can be prevented through the connecting and fixing effect of the reinforcement sections on the edge conductors. This ensures the effective collection of charge carriers in the edge regions by the edge conductors, thus further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, the charge carriers collected by the edge conductors can be transferred directly vertically to the first connection structures via the reinforcement sections, which shortens the charge carrier transfer path. In this way, the synergistic effect of the aforementioned aspects contributes to improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell and reducing the risk of light shielding.

[0024] In the description of the embodiment of this disclosure, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying a relative meaning or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary-secondary relationship of the specified technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise.

[0025] The reference to "embodiment" here means that a particular feature, structure, or property described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The appearance of this expression at various points in the patent specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor to an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term "and / or" is merely an associative relationship that describes the associated objects, meaning that three relationships are possible. For example, A and / or B, which can mean that there are three situations: the sole presence of A, the simultaneous presence of A and B, and the sole presence of B. Furthermore, the symbol " / " here generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "several" refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "several groups" refers to two or more (including two groups) groups, and "several plates" refers to two or more (including two) plates.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical terms “central”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended only to facilitate and simplify the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than indicating or implying that the specified devices or elements must have a particular orientation or be designed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be interpreted as limiting the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] In describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fastening" are to be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It may also be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It may be a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, internal communication between two elements, or an interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art may understand the specific meanings of the aforementioned terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] In the drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are shown enlarged for clarity and easier description. When it is described that a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is located on top of another component or on the surface of another component, the component may be located "directly" on the surface of the other component, or a third component may be located between the two components. Conversely, when it is described that a component is located on the surface of another component, or that another component is formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that no third component is located between the two components.Furthermore, if it is described that a component is formed “essentially” on another component, this means that the component is formed neither on the entire surface (or front face) of another component, nor on part of the edge of the entire surface.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as "on / arranged on" another component, it may be "directly on" another component (that is, there is no other component between the two components on the surface of another component), or there may be another component between the two components.Furthermore, if a component such as a layer, a film, an area or a plate is located "directly on" another component, or if the component such as a layer, a film, an area or a plate is located on a surface of another component, this means that no other component is located between the two components.

[0032] The terms used in the description of the various embodiments described herein are intended to describe only specific embodiments and do not constitute limitations. In the sense used in the description of the various embodiments and in the accompanying claims, "the component" shall also include the plural form, unless otherwise specified. This includes the layer, film, area, or plate.

[0033] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details are proposed in the various embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate readers' understanding of the embodiments. Nevertheless, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications, the technical solution required for the embodiments of the present disclosure can be achieved based on the following embodiments.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a photovoltaic cell is provided. The photovoltaic cell is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] With reference to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The photovoltaic cell 100 includes a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 includes two opposite surface faces 1100, and at least one surface face 1100 includes two edge regions 20 arranged at intervals along a first direction X, and a central region 30 located between the two edge regions 20. The photovoltaic cell 100 further includes a plurality of electrodes 108 arranged at intervals along the first direction X. The plurality of electrodes 108 is located on the at least one surface face 1100, and each electrode 108 of the plurality of electrodes 108 extends along a second direction Y. The photovoltaic cell 100 further includes edge connecting lines 137 located in the edge regions 20 and at least one central connecting line 147 located in the central region 30.Each edge connection 137 is in contact with at least one electrode 108, and each central connection 147 is in contact with at least one electrode 108. Along the second direction Y, the width of each edge connection 137 is greater than the width of each central connection 147. The first direction X intersects with the second direction Y. The photovoltaic cell 100 also includes reinforcement sections 157. A corresponding reinforcement section 157 is located on the side of a corresponding edge connection 137 facing away from the cell substrate 110.

[0036] With reference to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. 3. In the process of establishing the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, the component for the electrical connection of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, such as the at least one first connection structure described below, is located both in the central region 30 and in at least one edge region 20 of each photovoltaic cell 100. For example, a first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to the edge connection line 137 in the edge region 20 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to form a start solder joint for the electrical connection between the first connection structure 102 and the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, i.e., a starting position where the soldering process begins.The first connection structure 102 is then electrically connected to the edge connection lead 137 in the edge region 20 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to form a final solder joint for the electrical connection between the first connection structure 102 and the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, i.e., an end position where the soldering process ends. Compared to the solder joints located in the central region 30 of the cell substrate 110, the first connection structure 102 exerts a greater force on the edge connection lead 137, which serves as the initial or final solder joint. Furthermore, the edge regions 20 are more likely to be subjected to relatively strong external forces compared to the central region 30, and the region within the edge region 20 that is closer to the edge of the cell substrate 110 along the first direction X is more likely to be subjected to greater external forces.

[0037] Based on this, the edge connecting lines 137 are configured to collect the current in at least one electrode 108 located in the edge regions 20, in order to transmit the current to the first connecting structures in subsequent processes via the edge connecting lines 137. The central connecting lines 147 are configured to collect the current in at least one electrode 108 located in the central region 30, in order to transmit the current to the first connecting structures in subsequent processes via the central connecting lines 147. Furthermore, the width of each edge connecting line 137 is configured to be larger than the width of each central connecting line 147 along the second direction Y, which can increase the cross-sectional areas of the edge connecting lines 137.In this way, the strength of the connection between the edge connecting lines 137 and the cell substrate 110 is improved, the breakage of the edge connecting lines 137 due to excessive stress on the edge region 20 is avoided, and the transmission resistance of the edge connecting lines 137 is reduced.Furthermore, when the electrical connection between the first connection structure and two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 is realized, the alignment accuracy and the strength of the connection between the first connection structure and the edge connection lines 137 can be improved, a cold solder joint, a solder joint separation or a break caused by an excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on the edge connection lines 137 can be avoided, and the efficiency of the charge carrier collection of the edge connection lines 137 and the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge connection lines 137 can be further improved.Furthermore, compared to the design of a harpoon structure, which includes two busbar lines with different expansion directions in the edge region, the edge connection lines 137 are configured to collect the current in the electrode 108, which is located in the edge regions 20. Provided that the layout length along the first direction X remains unchanged, the expansion length of the edge connection line 137 is shorter than the expansion length of the busbar lines in the harpoon structure. This not only reduces the layout area on the cell substrate 110 occupied by the edge connection lines 137, thus decreasing material consumption and further reducing manufacturing costs, but also reduces the area of ​​the light-shielding region caused by the edge connection lines 137.In this way, several regions of the cell substrate 110 are free from shielding, thus increasing the total amount of light received by the cell substrate 110.

[0038] Furthermore, a corresponding reinforcing section 157 is located on the side of the respective edge connection line 137 facing away from the cell substrate 110. Through its connecting and fixing action, the reinforcing section 157 can further reduce the risk of breakage of the edge connection line 137 and ensure that the edge connection line 137 effectively collects charge carriers in the edge region 20, thereby further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. In addition, the charge carriers collected by the edge connection line 137 can be transferred vertically directly to the first connection structure via the reinforcing section 157, which can help to shorten the path for charge carrier transfer.

[0039] It should be noted that, during the subsequent electrical connection of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, most or even all orthographic projections of the edge connection lines 137 and the reinforcement sections 157 on the cell substrate 110 lie within the orthographic projections of the first connection structures on the cell substrate 110. This differs from a situation where orthographic projections of the harpoon structures lie outside the orthographic projection of the first connection structures on the cell substrate. Therefore, the risk of breakage of the edge connection lines 137 can be effectively reduced, the efficiency of charge carrier collection improved, and the shielding of the cell substrate 110 decreased, thus increasing the total amount of light received by the cell substrate 110.

[0040] Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the respective photovoltaic cell 100 is shown along a first direction X by truncated wavy lines in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Line 3 is truncated to illustrate the boundary regions 20 and the central region 30 of the respective photovoltaic cell 100 along the first direction X. The respective photovoltaic cell 100 is further truncated along a second direction Y by additional wavy lines. Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Figure 3 is truncated to illustrate two sides of photovoltaic cell 100 along the second direction Y. Furthermore, the truncated wavy lines are both in Fig. 1 as well as in Fig. 3. Drawn with dashed lines. The first connecting structure 102 is drawn using a perspective drawing method in Fig. Figure 3 illustrates the respective first connection structure 102 along the first direction X by truncated wavy lines. Fig. 3 cut off to illustrate that the respective first connecting structure 102 is bent from a first surface side 1101 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to a second surface side 1102 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100.

[0041] The photovoltaic cell provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 4 refer to Fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with electrodes 108 on both sides, such as a TOPCon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 includes surface sides 1100, and the surface sides 1100 include a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102. The electrodes 108 include first current-collecting electrodes 118 located on the first surface side 1101 and second current-collecting electrodes 128 located on the second surface side 1102.

[0043] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 5 refer to Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with electrodes 108 on one side, such as a BC cell. The electrodes 108 include first current-collecting electrodes 118 and second current-collecting electrodes 128, which are located on the same surface side 1100. The first current-collecting electrodes 118 and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged alternately along the first direction X.

[0044] It should be noted that with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 to Fig. 5, regardless of the type of photovoltaic cell 100, the edge connecting lines 137, the central connecting lines 147 and the reinforcement sections 157 can be provided on at least one surface side 1100 to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell 100 and reduce the risk of light shielding.

[0045] The reinforcement sections 157 are described in detail below.

[0046] In some embodiments, which relate to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Referring to section 3, each amplification section 157 can include a first section 1571 extending along the second direction Y, and second sections 1572, each extending along the first direction X. The first section 1571 is in contact with a corresponding second section 1572 of the second sections 1572 at each of the two opposite ends of the first section 1571 along the second direction Y. In this way, an orthographic projection of the respective amplification section 157 onto the cell substrate 110 essentially has the shape of an “I” (i.e., I-shape). The first section 1571 has the main function of being in contact with the electrode 108 for current collection, and the second section 1572 has the main function of improving the stability of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the amplification section 157.Therefore, the sensible design of the shape of the orthographic projection of the reinforcement section 157 is advantageous in order to ensure good strength of the connection between the first connecting structure 102 and the reinforcement section 157, to reduce the light-shielding region caused by the reinforcement section 157 and to lower the manufacturing costs of the reinforcement section 157.

[0047] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Referring to section 3, there are multiple reinforcing sections 157 in contact with a respective edge connection line 137, and the multiple reinforcing sections 157 located on the respective edge connection line 137 are arranged at intervals. It should be noted that a section of the edge connection line 137 located closer to the central region 30 along the first direction X may be subjected to a greater force from the first connection structure 102, so it is more necessary to provide the reinforcing sections 157 to reduce the risk of the edge connection line 137 breaking due to stress.Furthermore, in a region of the respective edge connection line 137 that is further away from the central region 30 along the first direction X, the respective edge connection line 137 is not provided with any reinforcing sections 157 in order to reduce manufacturing costs and the light-shielding area. Based on this, the number of reinforcing sections 157 in contact with the respective edge connection line 137 can be flexibly provided according to the actual requirements. Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Figure 3 illustrates only three reinforcement sections 157 which are in contact with the respective edge connection line 137.

[0048] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. 3, the orthographic projection areas of the several reinforcement sections 157, which are located on the same edge connecting line 137 on the cell substrate 110, are the same, which helps to simplify the manufacturing process of the reinforcement sections 157.

[0049] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 6 refer to Fig. 6 A schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Since the number of electrodes 108 connected by the edge connection line 137 gradually decreases along a direction away from the central region 30, and the force exerted on the edge connection line 137 by the first connection structure 102 gradually decreases, orthographic projection areas of the plurality of reinforcement sections 157 in contact with the respective edge connection line 137 on the surface side 1100 gradually decrease along a direction away from the central region 30, which may be advantageous to ensure the connection and fixing effect of the reinforcement sections 157 on the edge connection line 137.to minimize the light-shielding region caused by the reinforcement sections 157 and to reduce the material consumption required for the manufacture of the reinforcement sections 157, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the reinforcement sections 157.

[0050] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the photovoltaic cell further includes edge pads 120. A corresponding edge pad 120 is located on one side of a corresponding edge region 20 near the central region 30. The respective edge pad 120 is in contact with a respective central connecting line 147 on one side of the respective edge pad 120 near the central region 30 along the first direction X, and the respective edge pad 120 is in contact with a respective edge connecting line 137 on one side of the respective edge pad 120 away from the central region 30 along the first direction X. An orthographic projection area of ​​the respective edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100 is larger than an orthographic projection area of ​​the respective gain section 157 on the surface side 1100.

[0051] In this way, the transmission resistance of the edge pad 120 can be reduced by increasing the orthographic projection area of ​​the edge pad 120 on the cell substrate 110, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of charge carrier collection by the edge pad 120. Furthermore, the alignment accuracy and the strength of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the edge pad 120 can be improved, a cold solder joint or solder joint separation caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure 102 on the edge pad 120 serving as the start or end solder joint can be avoided, and the efficiency of charge carrier collection by the edge pad 120 and the stability of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the edge pad 120 can be improved.

[0052] In some cases, the edge connecting lines 137 and the central connecting lines 147 can be considered as strip-shaped structures extending along the first direction X. Along the first direction X, each edge connecting line 137 and each central connecting line 147 with matching directions of extension can be considered as subcomponents of the same busbar electrode. When a plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 are subsequently electrically connected to form a cell string, each first connecting structure 102 is electrically connected to each edge connecting line 137 and each central connecting line 147 belonging to the same busbar electrode. It should be noted that the busbar electrode can be either the first busbar electrode or the second busbar electrode mentioned later.

[0053] It should be noted that along the first direction X, the respective edge connecting line 137 and the respective central connecting line 147 may or may not be separated with corresponding directions of extension, but the respective edge connecting line 137 and the respective central connecting line 147 are each electrically connected to different electrodes 108. Furthermore, in practical applications, a respective busbar electrode can include a plurality of central connecting lines located in the central region and arranged at intervals along the first direction X. Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Figure 3 merely illustrates an example in which the same busbar electrode includes a central connecting line 147 in contact with the plurality of electrodes 108 located in the central region 30.

[0054] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Referring to Figure 3, the surface side 1100 of the cell substrate 110 can include a plurality of weld regions (not labeled in the figures) arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The respective edge connection line 137 and the respective central connection line 147, with matching directions of extension along the first direction X, are located in the same weld region and are subsequently electrically connected to the same first connection structure.

[0055] It should be noted that in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to Fig. Figure 3 illustrates only two weld regions at the edges on the two opposite sides of the cell substrate 110 along the second direction Y, and both the edge connection line 137 and the central connection line 147 are provided in the weld region closest to the edge. In practical applications, the number of weld regions in which central connection lines are provided may be greater than the number of weld regions in which edge connection lines are provided. In other words, central connection lines are provided in at least some of the weld regions, but no edge connection lines are provided. For example, the weld region closest to the edge does not provide an edge connection line, but rather the central connection line.

[0056] In one example, central connecting lines may be provided in every weld region, while edge connecting lines may not be provided in some weld regions. For instance, an edge connecting line may not be provided in at least one weld region near the edge.

[0057] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 7 refer to, is Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 further includes auxiliary pads 130 arranged at intervals along the first direction X and located between two edge pads 120, which are also arranged at intervals along the first direction X. An orthographic projection area of ​​each auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100 is smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​each edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100.

[0058] It should be noted that the first connection structure 102 (referring to Fig. 3) The electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 generally has a relatively long, strip-shaped structure. Within a certain extension length, the first connection structure 102 can deform under the influence of its own gravity and internal stress, thereby impairing the alignment accuracy between the first connection structure 102 and the photovoltaic cells 100 and exerting a greater force on the photovoltaic cells 100 in the deformed position. To address this, two auxiliary pads 130 are provided within a unit length where the first connection structure 102 tends to self-deform. By fixing the first connection structure 102 with the auxiliary pads 130, the reduction in alignment accuracy caused by the self-deformation of the first connection structure 102 can be avoided.For example, deviation of the first connection structure 102 can be avoided, thus ensuring high accuracy of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the photovoltaic cells 100. Furthermore, the auxiliary pads 130 are used to resist the greater force caused by the self-deformation of the first connection structure 102, thereby stabilizing the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the auxiliary pads 130 and further improving the stability of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the photovoltaic cells 100.

[0059] Furthermore, a corresponding auxiliary pad 130, located in the central region 30, is subject to lower external forces compared to the initial or final solder joint, so that the probability of a cold solder joint or solder joint separation between the corresponding first connection structure 102 and the corresponding auxiliary pad 130 is lower.Therefore, the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100 is provided in such a way that it is smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100, which can be advantageous for stabilizing the connection between the respective first connection structure 102 and the respective auxiliary pad 130 and for minimizing the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100 in order to reduce the light-shielding region caused by the auxiliary pads 130 and to lower the manufacturing costs of the auxiliary pads 130.

[0060] In some examples, which relate to Fig. Referring to 7, three to eight auxiliary pads 130 can be arranged in intervals between the two edge pads 120, which are arranged in intervals along the first direction X. It should be noted that in Fig. 7 only 3 auxiliary pads 130 between the two edge pads 120 are illustrated, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction X.

[0061] In some examples, which continue to focus on Fig. 7, the orthographic projection area of ​​a respective reinforcement section 157 on the surface side 1100 can be smaller than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​a respective auxiliary pad 130 on the surface side 1100. In this way, provided that the breakage of the respective edge connecting line 137 by the reinforcement sections 157 can be avoided, the additional enlargement of the light-shielding region caused by the reinforcement sections 157 can be reduced and the manufacturing costs of the reinforcement sections 157 can be lowered.

[0062] In some embodiments, which continue to be based on Fig. Referring to section 7, the photovoltaic cell 100 further includes a plurality of solder joints 140, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction X and are located between two adjacent auxiliary pads 130 along the first direction X. Each solder joint 140 is in contact with a respective electrode 108.

[0063] In some embodiments, which continue to be based on Fig. Referring to 7, each solder joint 140 includes a welding line 1401 extending along the second direction Y, as well as extension lines 1402, each extending along the first direction X. The welding line 1401 is in contact with a corresponding extension line 1402 at each of two opposite ends of the welding line 1401 along the second direction Y. In this way, an orthographic projection of each solder joint 140 on the cell substrate 110 essentially has the shape of an “I”, i.e., similar to an I-shape. The welding line 1401 has the main function of being in contact with the electrode 108 to collect charge carriers, and the extension lines 1402 have the main function of ensuring the stability of the connection between the first connection structure 102 (referring to 7) and the electrode 108. Fig. 3) and the solder joint 140. Therefore, a sensible layout of the orthographic projection shape of the respective solder joint 140 is advantageous to ensure good strength of the connection between the first connection structure 102 and the solder joints 140, to reduce the light-shielding region caused by the solder joint 140, and to lower the manufacturing costs of the solder joint 140.

[0064] In other embodiments, the respective solder joint can have a strip-shaped structure extending along the second direction Y.

[0065] It should be noted that in practical applications, based on the design of the central interconnect and the auxiliary pad, there may not be a solder joint in the central region. The respective central interconnect conducts the collected current to the nearest auxiliary pad, and then the current is passed via the auxiliary pad to the first interconnect structure.

[0066] In some embodiments, which continue to be based on Fig. 7. The auxiliary pads 130 can include first auxiliary pads 130a and at least one second auxiliary pad 130b. Each first auxiliary pad 130a is located between a respective edge pad 120 and a solder pad 140 that is closest to the respective edge pad 120. Each second auxiliary pad 130b has solder pads 140 that are arranged next to two sides of the respective second auxiliary pad 130b along the first direction X. An orthographic projection area of ​​a respective first auxiliary pad 130a on the surface side 1100 can be smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​a respective second auxiliary pad 130b on the surface side 1100.

[0067] It should be noted that a section of the subsequent first connection structure 102 (referring to Fig. 3), which is located at the edge pad 120, is raised. To avoid excessive bending of the section of the first connection structure 102 near the edge pad 120, the first auxiliary pad 130a can be used to support the first connection structure 102, thereby reducing the risk of excessive local bending of the first connection structure 102. Furthermore, due to the large orthographic projection area of ​​the edge pad 120 on the surface side 1100, most charge carriers are collected at the edge pad 120. The second auxiliary pad 130b must collect current from several electrodes 108 located near the second auxiliary pad 130b, making it necessary to improve the efficiency of charge carrier collection by the second auxiliary pad 130b.Therefore, the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective first auxiliary pad 130a on the surface side 1100 can be smaller than the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective second auxiliary pad 130b on the surface side 1100, which can be advantageous for reducing the manufacturing costs and the light-shielding area of ​​the auxiliary pads 130, improving the structural stability of the first interconnection structure 102, and providing a good transfer path for charge carriers.

[0068] If the photovoltaic cell has electrodes on two sides of the photovoltaic cell, the structural layout on the two surface sides will be described in detail later.

[0069] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 8, Fig. 9 or Fig. Referring to section 10, the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with edge connecting lines 137 in the edge regions 20 of one of the two surface sides 1100 and with harpoon sections 150 in the edge regions 20 of the other of the two surface sides 1100. A corresponding harpoon section 150 encloses two busbar lines 1501 with intersecting directions of extension. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the directions of extension of the busbar lines 1501 lie on the same plane and intersect in pairs. In other words, for each photovoltaic cell 100, the edge connecting lines 137 are provided on one surface side 1100 of the respective photovoltaic cell 100, and the harpoon sections 150 are provided on the other surface side 1100 of the respective photovoltaic cell 100.In the subsequent process of electrical connection between the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, a respective first connection structure 102 can be electrically connected to a respective edge connection line 137 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 or to a respective harpoon section 150 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100.

[0070] Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of two photovoltaic cells provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Similar to in Fig. 3 is the first connecting structure 102 along the first direction X by truncated wavy lines in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 to Fig. 10 cut off to indicate that the first connecting structure 102 (in the gap between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100) is bent from a first surface side 1101 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to a second surface side 1102 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell 100 has a front and a back that face each other, with the front generally serving as the main light-receiving region. The edge connecting lines 137 are provided in the edge regions 20 of the surface side 1100, which acts as the front, to reduce the risk of light shading on the cell substrate 110, and the harpoon sections 150 are provided in the edge regions 20 of the surface side 1100, which acts as the back. Since an overlapping area between an orthographic projection of a respective harpoon section 150 on the cell substrate 110 and an orthographic projection of a respective first connecting structure 102 on the cell substrate 110 is relatively small, even zero, i.e.,Since at least the majority of the respective harpoon section 150 is not located directly beneath the respective first connection structure 102, this can reduce the risk of the first connection structure 102 exerting excessive force on the harpoon section 150, thereby reducing the risk of breakage of the harpoon section 150. In this way, both high absorption and utilization of light on the front side and improved structural stability on the back side can be achieved.

[0072] In some embodiments, the width of the respective edge connecting conductor 137 along the second direction Y can be greater than the width of the respective busbar conductor 1501, so that the wider edge connecting conductor 137 can reduce the risk of breakage due to stresses and further reduce its own transmission resistance.

[0073] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 8 or Fig. Referring to 9, at least one of the plurality of electrodes 108 connected to the busbars 1501 of the respective harpoon section 150 is clamped between the busbars 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, at least one of the plurality of electrodes 108 connected to the busbars 1501 is not arranged in a space between the two busbars 1501 of the respective harpoon section 150.

[0074] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. Referring to 8, an electrode 108 from the plurality of electrodes 108 connected to the busbars 1501 of the respective harpoon section 150 is disconnected closer to the central region 30 between the busbars 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, no electrode 108 is arranged in a region near the central region 30 within the space between the two busbars 1501 in the respective harpoon section 150.

[0075] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 9, an electrode 108 from the plurality of electrodes 108 connected to the busbars 1501 of the respective harpoon section 150 is clamped closer to the edge of the photovoltaic cell 100 between the busbars 1501. In other words, along the second direction Y, no electrode 108 is arranged in a region near the edge of the photovoltaic cell 100 within the space between the two busbars 1501 in the respective harpoon section 150.

[0076] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 10, the plurality of electrodes 108, which are connected to the busbar lines 1501 of the respective harpoon section 150, can be arranged in the space between the two busbar lines 1501 in the respective harpoon section 150.

[0077] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. Referring to 3, the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with edge connecting lines 137 in the edge regions 20 of the two surface sides 1100, and the subsequent first connecting structure 102 can each be electrically connected to the edge connecting lines 137 of two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, which can improve the light absorption and utilization efficiency of both sides of the photovoltaic cell if the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell in which both sides serve as main light receiving surfaces.

[0078] Therefore, based on the design of the edge connecting lines 137 and the central connecting lines 147 for collecting the current in the electrodes 108 located in different regions of the cell substrate 110, a further design with a width of the edge connecting line 137 that is greater than the width of the central connecting line 147 can increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the edge connecting lines 137. In this way, the strength of the connection between the edge connecting lines 137 and the cell substrate 110 is improved, the problem of breakage of the edge connecting lines 137 due to excessive stress on the edge regions 20 is avoided, and the transmission resistance of the edge connecting lines 137 is reduced. If the first connection structure is subsequently used to realize the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100,The alignment accuracy and strength of the connection between the first connection structure and the edge connection lines 137 can be improved, cold solder joints, solder joint separations, or fractures caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure on the edge connection lines 137 can be avoided, and the efficiency of charge carrier collection by the edge connection lines 137 and the connection stability between the first connection structure and the edge connection lines 137 can be improved. Furthermore, compared to a situation where a harpoon structure with two busbar lines with different expansion directions is provided in the edge region, the edge connection lines 137 in the disclosure are provided to collect the current in the electrodes 108 located in the edge region 20, under the condition thatthat the layout length of the photovoltaic cell 100 along the first direction X remains unchanged, the extension length of the edge connection line 137 is shorter than the extension length of the busbar lines in the harpoon structure, which can reduce the layout area occupied by the edge connection lines 137 on the cell substrate 110 in order to decrease the material consumption of the edge connection lines 137 and to lower the manufacturing costs of the edge connection lines 137, and furthermore can reduce the area of ​​the light-blocking region caused by the edge connection lines 137, so that more regions of the cell substrate 110 can be unobstructed in order to increase the total amount of light received by the cell substrate 110.

[0079] Furthermore, at least one reinforcing section 157 is provided on the side of the respective edge connection line 137 facing away from the cell substrate 110. The connecting and fixing effect of the reinforcing sections 157 on the edge connection line 137 further reduces the risk of breakage of the edge connection line 137, which ensures effective collection of charge carriers in the edge regions 20 by the edge connection lines 137, thus further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell. In addition, the charge carriers collected by the edge connection lines 137 can be transferred directly vertically to the first connection structure via the reinforcing sections 157, which shortens the path for charge carrier transfer.

[0080] Further embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic module formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells provided in the preceding embodiments. The photovoltaic module provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that parts that are identical or equivalent to those of the preceding embodiments are not repeated here.

[0081] With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13 to Fig. 14 The photovoltaic module includes the following: a plurality of cell strings 101, wherein each cell string 101 is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 provided in the preceding embodiments; an encapsulation film 41 configured to cover a surface of each cell string 101; and at least one cover plate 42 configured to cover a surface of the encapsulation film 41 facing away from the cell strings 101.

[0082] Fig. Figure 11 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 13 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0083] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17 to Fig. Referring to Figure 18, each photovoltaic cell 100 of the plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 has the shape of a quasi-rectangle (or essentially a rectangle) having a width W1 and a length W2 that is longer than the width W1, and the ratio of the width (a short-side dimension) W1 to the length (a long-side dimension) W2 of the quasi-rectangle is 1 / M: 1. N columns of cell strings 101 are connected in parallel to each other, and each cell string 101 includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is less than N. The short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle is a first direction X. The photovoltaic module further includes a plurality of first interconnection structures 102.Each first connection structure 102 of the plurality of first connection structures 102 is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a corresponding cell string 101. The photovoltaic module further includes a plurality of second connection structures 103. Each second connection structure 103 of the plurality of second connection structures 103 is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0084] Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16 is a schematic top view of an original complete cell wafer provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 17 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 18 is a schematic top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that in Fig. 15. An ellipse is used to indicate that each cell string 101 includes the plurality of photovoltaic cells 100, a dashed box is used to indicate each cell string 101, and a positive output or a negative output of the cell string 101 is marked to show the electrical connection relationship between adjacent cell strings 101. Additionally, four parallel-connected cell strings 101 are shown as an example in Fig. 1 shown.

[0085] It should be noted that the ratio of the short-side dimension W1 to the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the width-to-length ratio of each photovoltaic cell 100, and the ratio of the long-side dimension W2 to the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the length-to-width ratio of each photovoltaic cell 100. The length-to-width ratio (i.e., M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 is designed to be smaller than the number (i.e., N) of the parallel-connected cell strings 101, thereby reducing the overall size of the photovoltaic cell 100 and thus lowering its output current. Furthermore, provided that the number of series-connected photovoltaic cells 100 in each cell string 101 remains unchanged, the output current of the cell strings 101 can be reduced as much as possible.Furthermore, the design of a relatively large number of cell strings 101 to be connected in parallel does not additionally increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, which is advantageous in order to reduce the output power of the cell strings 101 and to ensure that the photovoltaic module as a whole has a relatively large output power.

[0086] In some embodiments, the width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 can be further reduced by increasing the number (i.e., N) of the parallel-connected cell strings 101. In this way, firstly, the output current of the photovoltaic cells 100 and the cell strings 101 can be significantly reduced, thereby decreasing the power loss caused by the circuits for electrically connecting different photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell strings 101, thus further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0087] Furthermore, by reducing the output current required in each cell string 101, various photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected using thinner circuits, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module. Secondly, designing more parallel branches based on the reduction of the output current of the cell strings 101 is advantageous for reducing the impact of internal faults in each cell string 101 on the overall output power of the photovoltaic module, thus improving the output stability of the photovoltaic module. Thirdly, the width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 can be reduced by decreasing the size of the photovoltaic cell 100.The small size of the photovoltaic cell 100 reduces the risk of cracking due to stress, and the hot-spot effect caused by damage to the photovoltaic cell 100 under load is reduced, thus decreasing the impact on the temperature of the surrounding photovoltaic cells 100 and reducing the risk of the photovoltaic module burning due to the hot-spot effect, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the photovoltaic module and enhancing its hot-spot resistance.

[0088] It should be noted that with reference to Fig. 17 or Fig. 18. The photovoltaic cell 100 is in a quasi-rectangular shape, meaning that: the photovoltaic cell 100 has an essentially rectangular shape (e.g., with four sides, each of which can be aligned with the four sides of a rectangle, and four corners), except that at least one of the four corners may be chamfered. Furthermore, depending on the various cutting processes used to manufacture the photovoltaic cells 100, some photovoltaic cells 100 may not have chamfered corners and thus have the shape of a regular rectangle. The cutting processes applied to the photovoltaic cells 100 will be described later with examples.

[0089] It should be noted that regardless of whether the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with the beveled structures 104 at the corners, the short side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is defined as the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along a first direction (latitudinal direction) X of the quasi-rectangle, and the long side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is defined as the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along a second direction (longitudinal direction) Y of the quasi-rectangle.

[0090] It should be noted that each cell string 101 only includes the multitude of photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the first direction X. If there are photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the short-side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, these photovoltaic cells 100 belong to different cell strings 101 connected in series with each other. Based on this, N columns of cell strings 101 are designed to be connected in parallel to increase the number of parallel branches in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing crosstalk between different regions in the photovoltaic module and further improving the hot-spot resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0091] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 16 and Fig. 17. The photovoltaic cell 100 may be a segmented cell 100a. The segmented cell 100a is obtained by performing a cutting process on an original whole cell wafer 10 along a longitudinal direction (long side) of the original whole cell wafer 10, and a segmented cell 100a corresponds to 1 / S of the original whole cell wafer 10, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. For example, the segmented cell 100a may be a half-cut cell, 1 / 3-cut cell, 1 / 4-cut cell, 1 / 5-cut cell, 1 / 6-cut cell, 1 / 7-cut cell, 1 / 8-cut cell, and the like.The photovoltaic cell 100 has the shape of a quasi-rectangle, the longitudinal side direction (length) of the original complete cell wafer 10 is the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, a width direction (short side direction) of the original complete cell wafer 10 is the longitudinal side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the longitudinal side direction of the quasi-rectangle is the second direction Y.

[0092] It should be noted that Fig. 17 can be viewed as a top view of an arrangement of four segmented cells 100a obtained by cutting the original complete cell wafer 10, which is in Fig. 16 is shown, were formed, and in Fig. In section 17, S is shown as an example equal to 4.

[0093] In other words, the original whole cell wafer 10 is sliced ​​along a longer side to obtain S segmented cells 100a. Ignoring the dimensional loss caused by the slicing process, a dimension of the segmented cell 100a along the longitudinal direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 is essentially equal to 1 / S of the length of the original whole cell wafer 10; that is, the short-side dimension W1 of the quasirectangle is essentially equal to 1 / S of the length of the original whole cell wafer 10. A dimension of the segmented cell 100a along the transverse direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 is essentially equal to the width of the original whole cell wafer 10; that is, the long-side dimension W2 of the quasirectangle is essentially equal to the width of the original whole cell wafer 10.

[0094] In some cases, referring to Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the original complete cell wafer has four corners and is provided with a corresponding chamfered structure 104 at each of the four corners. If S is greater than 2, S segmented cells 100a are classified as first segmented cells 110a with chamfered structures 104 and at least one second segmented cell 120a without chamfered structures 104. Each first segmented cell 110a has chamfered structures 104 at two opposite corners along the second direction Y, while it does not have chamfered structures 104 at the other two opposite corners along the second direction Y.

[0095] In some examples, the photovoltaic cells contained in the photovoltaic module are either first segmented cells 110a or second segmented cells 120a.

[0096] It should be noted that the segmented cells 100a obtained after the sectioning process may exhibit different morphologies depending on the presence or absence of the beveled structures 104; that is, the segmented cells 100a are classified as first segmented cells 110a and second segmented cells 120a. Due to the presence of the beveled structures 104, the first segmented cells 110a and the second segmented cells 120a have different light-receiving areas, which may lead to a difference in electrical performance between the first segmented cells 110a and the second segmented cells 120a.Based on this, the photovoltaic cells 100 contained in the photovoltaic module are designed to be either the first segmented cells 110a or the second segmented cells 120a, which can be advantageous to reduce the difference in electrical power between different photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the power loss caused by the difference in electrical power and further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0097] In some other embodiments, the photovoltaic module may be designed to include both the first segmented cell and the second segmented cell, and other structures / designs / components are employed to compensate for the difference in electrical power between the first segmented cells and the second segmented cells caused by the presence or absence of the beveled structures, which is advantageous to eliminate the process of screening the first segmented cells and the second segmented cells.

[0098] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, S equals 4, and the original whole cell wafer 10 is subjected to the cutting process along the longitudinal direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 to form four segmented cells 100a. The original whole cell wafer 10 is provided with the beveled structures 104 at all four corners of the original whole cell wafer 10, such that two of the four segmented cells 100a formed by cutting each have two beveled structures 104, with the two beveled structures 104 being opposite each other along the second direction Y, and the other two of the four segmented cells 100a do not have any beveled structures 104.

[0099] In an example that relates to Fig. 16 and Fig. Referring to 17, the long side dimension L2 of the original complete cell wafer 10 along the first direction X can be between 186 mm and 218 mm, for example it can be 187 mm, 188 mm, 189 mm, 190 mm, 191 mm, 192 mm, 193 mm, 194 mm, 195 mm, 196 mm, 197 mm, 198 mm, 199 mm, 200 mm, 201 mm, 202 mm, 203 mm, 204 mm, 205 mm, 206 mm, 207 mm, 208 mm, 209 mm, 210 mm, 211 mm, 212 mm, 213 mm, 214 mm, 215 mm, 216 mm or 217 mm. In some embodiments, the short side dimension L1 of the original complete cell wafer 10 along the second direction Y can be between 180 mm and 184 mm, for example it can be 181 mm, 182 mm or 183 mm.

[0100] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 18, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a whole cell 100b. The whole cell 100b is provided with chamfered structures 104 at two opposite corners of the whole cell along the second direction Y and is further provided with chamfered structures 104 at the other two opposite corners of the whole cell along the second direction Y. In other words, unlike the segmented cells 100a, which have only two chamfered structures 104 or no chamfered structures 104, the whole cell 100b is provided with the chamfered structure 104 at one corner of each of its four corners, and the whole cell 100b does not need to undergo a re-cutting process to produce a conventional segmented cell.

[0101] It should be noted that in Fig. 14. The photovoltaic cell 100 is depicted as a rectangle, without specifying whether the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with the beveled structures. In practical applications, the in Fig. 14 illustrated photovoltaic cell 100 which in Fig. 17 illustrated segmented cell 100a or the one in Fig. 18 illustrated the entire cell 100b.

[0102] In some embodiments, M can be in a range from 1.5 to 3.96, for example, M can be 1.55, 1.5, 1.6, 1.65, 1.7, 1.75, 1.8, 1.85, 1.9, 1.95, 2, 2.05, 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, 2.35, 2.4, 2.45, 2.5, 2.55, 2.6, 2.65, 2.7, 2.75, 2.8, 2.85, 2.9, 2.95, 3, 3.05, 3.1, 3.15, 3.2, 3.25, 3.3, 3.35, 3.4, 3.45, 3.5, 3.55, 3.6, 3.65, 3.7, 3.75, 3.8, 3.85, 3.9 or 3.95 or the like.

[0103] The arrangement of several photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 is described in detail below.

[0104] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 19 these Fig. Figure 19 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 form a corresponding overlap region 105. In other words, the multiple photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 are stacked together, which can facilitate the arrangement of a larger number of photovoltaic cells 100 within the limited arrangement length of the cell string 101. The photovoltaic module further includes buffer pads 115, with each buffer pad 115 being arranged at least on the corresponding overlap region 105. In some embodiments, the width of each buffer pad 115 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle is greater than or equal to the width of the corresponding overlap region 105.

[0105] It should be noted that when implementing the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, the initial connection structures 102 generally have to be used to weld the components for collecting charge carriers in the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, which can exert a certain force on the photovoltaic cells 100. Furthermore, the arrangement of the overlap area 105 between the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 can increase the risk of voltage concentration in a portion of the photovoltaic cells 100 corresponding to the overlap area 105. Therefore, the respective buffer pad 115, located at least on the corresponding overlap area 105, can reduce the force exerted on the photovoltaic cells 100 through the elasticity of the buffer pad 115.In this way, the risk of stress concentration in the part of the photovoltaic cells 100 corresponding to the overlap areas 105 can be reduced, and the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cells 100 in the overlap areas 105 can be avoided, thereby improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0106] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the width of the buffer pad 115 is set larger than the width of the overlap area 105, so that the buffer pad 115 is positioned further on the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 100 outside the overlap area 105 to protect edges of the photovoltaic cell 100 and to further reduce the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cells 100 in the overlap areas 105, thereby further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0107] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. Referring to section 19, when connecting several photovoltaic cells 100 to form a cell string 101, the buffer pad 115 is first pre-placed on the overlap area 105 corresponding to the first photovoltaic cell 100. Then, one end of the first connection structure 102 is placed on the first photovoltaic cell 100, and the other end of the first connection structure 102 is exposed outside the first photovoltaic cell 100. A second photovoltaic cell 100 is then placed on the other end of the first connection structure 102. In this way, the cell string 101 is formed.

[0108] In some embodiments, the buffer pad 115 can be made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0109] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 11, Fig. 13 or Fig. 15, there can also be a gap between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a respective cell string 101.

[0110] The electrical connection relationship between several cell strings 101 in the photovoltaic module is described in detail below.

[0111] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 20 refer to is Fig. Figure 20 shows a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic module includes three cell string groups 111 connected in series in a sequence along the longitudinal side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. Each cell string group 111 of the three cell string groups 111 includes four parallel-connected cell strings 101, the four cell strings 101 being arranged in an arrangement along the longitudinal direction Y and the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, respectively.In this way, both parallel-connected cell strings 101 and series-connected cell strings 101 are provided in the photovoltaic module, which can be advantageous to provide more transport paths for current in order to reduce the effect of a fault in the respective cell string 101 on the photovoltaic module and to increase the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0112] In some embodiments, which continue to be based on Fig. Referring to 20, the three cell strand groups 111 in the sequence include a first cell strand group 111a, a second cell strand group 111b, and a third cell strand group 111c. Each cell strand group 111 includes two opposing exit terminals 121 along the first direction X. The second connection structures 103 can include the following: first wiring elements 113, each extending along the second direction Y. In Fig. In 12, the first cell strand group 111a and the second cell strand group 111b are connected in series by two first wiring elements 113. The second connection structures 103 can further include: a second wiring element 123 extending along the first direction X. Fig. 12 The second wiring element 123 is electrically connected to a corresponding first wiring element of the two first wiring elements 113 at each of two opposite ends of the second wiring element 123 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The second connection structures 103 may further include: third wiring elements 133, each extending along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, and each third wiring element 133 is arranged between two adjacent cell strands 101 in an identical cell strand group 111 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The respective third wiring element 133 is configured to connect two adjacent cell strands 101 in parallel along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The second connection structures 103 may further include: a fourth wiring element 143. In Fig. 12 The fourth wiring element 143 is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the two output terminals 121 of the third cell strand group 113c at one end of two opposite ends of the fourth wiring element 143 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, and the fourth wiring element 143 is electrically connected to a third wiring element 133 corresponding to the second cell strand group 111b at a central section of the fourth wiring element 143. With reference to Fig. 15 and Fig. 20 Each output connection 121 can be considered as an integral unit formed by the multitude of first connection structures 102 in each photovoltaic cell 100.

[0113] In this way, both the parallel connection of the cell strings 101 in the cell string groups 111 and the series connection between different cell string groups 111 can be realized using the four types of wiring elements, in order to realize the circuit arrangement in the photovoltaic module with as few wiring elements as possible, thereby reducing the area occupied by the wiring elements in the photovoltaic module and lowering the manufacturing costs of the wiring elements.

[0114] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 20 and Fig. Referring to 21, the second wiring element 123 is provided in the middle of the second wiring element 123 with a lead-out section 1231 that projects along direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. The photovoltaic module can further include: a first bypass diode 119. In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 The first bypass diode 119 is electrically connected between the lead-out section 1231 and a third wiring element 133, which corresponds to the first cell string group 111a. The photovoltaic module may further include: a second bypass diode 129. In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 The second bypass diode 129 is electrically connected between the lead-out section 1231 and a third wiring element 133, corresponding to the second cell string group 111b. The photovoltaic module may further include: a third bypass diode 139. In Fig. 16 the third bypass diode 139 is electrically connected between the fourth wiring element 143 and a third wiring element 133, which corresponds to the third cell strand group 111c.

[0115] Fig. Figure 21 is a schematic enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a dashed circle A in Fig. 20 and Fig. 22 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the one in Fig. 20 photovoltaic modules shown.

[0116] In this way, with reference to Fig. 20 and Fig. 21, if the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the first cell string group 111a are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the first bypass diode 119 forms a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the first bypass diode 119 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the first cell string group 111a.It should be noted that the first bypass diode 119 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the first cell string group 111a via the second wiring element 123 (i.e., the first bypass diode 119 is connected in parallel to the first cell string group 111a, but with opposite polarities).

[0117] Accordingly, if the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the second cell string group 111b are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot-spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current that is lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the second bypass diode 129 can form a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the second bypass diode 129 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the second cell string group 111b.It should be noted that the second bypass diode 129 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the second cell strand group 111b via the second wiring element 123 (i.e., the second bypass diode 129 is connected in parallel to the second cell strand group 111b, but with opposite polarities).

[0118] If the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the third cell string group 111c are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the third bypass diode 139 can form a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the third bypass diode 139 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the third cell string group 111c.It should be noted that the third bypass diode 139 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the third cell strand group 111c via the fourth wiring element 143 (i.e., the third bypass diode 139 is connected in parallel to the third cell strand group 113c, but with opposite polarities).

[0119] In one example, referring to Fig. 21, the photovoltaic module further includes two junction boxes 109, and the first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129 are located in the same junction box 109 of the two junction boxes 109. It should be noted that the exit section 1231 of the second wiring element 123 can extend into the junction box 109 to be electrically connected to the first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129, respectively. This is advantageous for reducing the number of junction boxes 109, thereby lowering the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module and reducing the shading of the photovoltaic module caused by the junction boxes 109, in order to increase the effective light-absorbing area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0120] The following is a detailed description of the types of photovoltaic cells used in a photovoltaic module.

[0121] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 or with reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, each photovoltaic cell 100 further includes a plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 and a plurality of second busbar electrodes 127, which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell 100 along the longitudinal side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. The plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 and the plurality of second busbar electrodes 127 run parallel to short sides (width) of the quasi-rectangle. For two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a respective cell string 101, a respective first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to a corresponding first busbar electrode 117 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 and to a corresponding second busbar electrode 127 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in order to realize the series connection of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell string 101.In this respect, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be considered a busbar cell, and the plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 can be considered busbars with one of the two polarities, and the plurality of second busbar electrodes 127 can be considered busbars with the other of the two polarities. Furthermore, both the first busbar electrode 117 and the second busbar electrode 127 can be considered edge connecting lines 137, as described below (with reference to...). Fig. 1) or a central connecting line 147 (referring to Fig. 1) include.

[0122] Based on this, the two adjacent cell strands 101, which are electrically connected by the second connecting structure 103, are represented as follows.

[0123] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 12 and Fig. 20, or with reference to Fig. 14 and Fig. 20, a corresponding second connection structure 103 is electrically connected to a respective first busbar electrode 117 of one of the two adjacent cell strings 101 and a respective second busbar electrode 127 of the other of the two adjacent cell strings 101 in order to realize the series connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0124] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 12 and Fig. 20, or with reference to Fig. 14 and Fig. 20, a corresponding second connecting structure 103 electrically connected to first busbar electrodes 117 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0125] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 12 and Fig. 20, or with reference to Fig. 14 and Fig. 20, a corresponding second connecting structure 103 electrically connected to second busbar electrodes 127 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0126] It should be noted that in the same photovoltaic module, some cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in parallel, and the remaining cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in series, thus creating different current transmission paths within the photovoltaic module. This is advantageous for improving the hot-spot resistance of the photovoltaic module and ensuring that the photovoltaic module has a relatively high output power. Therefore, some second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the series connection of two adjacent cell strings 101, and some other second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the parallel connection of two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0127] Additionally, if the photovoltaic cell 100 is a busbar cell, it can either be a cell (double-sided busbar cell) with busbars on both sides or a cell with busbars on one side (a single-sided busbar cell).

[0128] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 4, Fig. 11 and Fig. Referring to Figure 12, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a double-sided busbar cell, such as a TOPCon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 includes a first surface 1101 and a second surface 1102, which is opposite the first surface 1101 in a third direction Z (direction Z is perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100). The first busbar electrodes 117 are arranged on the first surface 1101 and parallel to the short sides of the quasirectangle, and the second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged on the second surface 1102 and parallel to the short sides of the quasirectangle.

[0129] It should be noted that several photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structures 102. Fig. 11 and Fig. Figure 12 illustrates only a positional relationship between the photovoltaic cells 100. That is, the orientations of the current-collecting electrodes of the same polarity of the photovoltaic cells 100 are identical, or in other words, the first surface faces 1101 with the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of the photovoltaic cells 100 point in the same direction, such that a corresponding first connection structure 102 is connected to different sides of each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells 100. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be arranged such that the current-collecting electrodes of different polarities point in the same direction. That is, the current-collecting electrodes on the same side of the plurality of adjacent photovoltaic cells are arranged in a sequence of the first current-collecting electrode, the second current-collecting electrode, and the first current-collecting electrode, and so on.In this way, a corresponding first connection structure is connected to the same side of two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

[0130] In other embodiments, which relate to Fig. 5, Fig. 13 and Fig. Referring to section 14, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a single-sided busbar cell, for example, a BC cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 encloses a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102, which is opposite the first surface side 1101 in the third direction Z. All first busbar electrodes 117 and second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged on the second surface side 1102 and parallel to the short sides of the quasi-rectangle. The first busbar electrodes 117 and the second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged alternately along the second direction Y.

[0131] BC cells include, but are not limited to, cells with interdigital back contact (IBC), cells with heterojunction back contact (HBC), TOPCon back contact cells (TBC), or HTBC cells. HTBC refers to photovoltaic cells with heterojunction and tunnel oxide passivation contact hybrid passivation back contact.

[0132] It should be noted that several photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structures 102. Fig. 13 and Fig. Figure 14 merely illustrates a positional relationship between the photovoltaic cells 100. That is, the sides with which the electrodes 108 of the photovoltaic cells 100 have their faces point in the same direction, so that each first connection structure 102 is connected to the same side of any two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be arranged such that the electrodes of two adjacent photovoltaic cells are located on opposite sides, and thus each first connection structure is connected to opposite sides of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

[0133] Furthermore, in all the above embodiments, the busbars include the first busbar electrodes 117 and the second busbar electrodes 127.

[0134] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 12 or Fig. 14, the encapsulation film 41 comprises a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer. The first encapsulation layer is configured to cover either the front or the back of the respective photovoltaic cell 100, and the second encapsulation layer is configured to cover the other side of the front or the back of the respective photovoltaic cell 100. In particular, at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the second encapsulation layer can be an organic encapsulation film, such as a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), a polyolefin elastomer (POE) film, or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Alternatively, at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the second encapsulation layer can be a film, such as an EP film, an EPE film, or a PVP film.EP film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of laminated EVA film and POE film; EPE film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of successively laminated EVA film, POE film, and EVA film; and PVP film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of laminated POE film, EVA film, and POE film. The co-extruded film can be produced by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another previously manufactured film during a film processing operation, or by bonding together different types of previously manufactured films.

[0135] In some embodiments, a boundary line exists between the first and second encapsulation layers prior to lamination. After the lamination process, the photovoltaic module is formed without the concept of a first and second encapsulation layer; that is, the first and second encapsulation layers have formed an integral encapsulation film 41.

[0136] In some embodiments, the cover plate 42 can be a transparent cover plate, such as a glass cover plate or a plastic cover plate. In particular, each cover plate 42 has a concave-convex surface or a structured surface with several projecting structures on one side of the cover plate 42 facing the encapsulation film 41 to increase the utilization rate of the incident light. The at least one cover plate 42 includes a first cover plate and a second cover plate, the first cover plate facing the first encapsulation layer and the second cover plate facing the second encapsulation layer.

[0137] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21 to Fig. 22, the cases in which the first direction X intersects the second direction Y include the following: the first direction X and the second direction Y are orthogonal to each other, or an included angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.

[0138] In some embodiments, the enclosed angle formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y can be between 45° and 90°, for example 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80° or 85°.

[0139] In some embodiments, which relate to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21 to Fig. Referring to 22, the third direction Z is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0140] In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers, films, panels, areas, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. The same reference symbols denote the same elements throughout the description. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, area, or substrate is described as being "on" another element, it may be located directly on top of that element, or there may be intermediate elements. Conversely, when an element is described as being "directly on" another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will understand that the aforementioned various embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present disclosure. In practical applications, various changes to the form and details can be made without altering the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without altering the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure shall be subject to the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

[1] Photovoltaic cell (100), comprising: a cell substrate (110) having two opposing surface faces (1100), wherein at least one surface face (1100) of the two surface faces (1100) includes two boundary regions (20) arranged at intervals in a first direction (X) and a central region (30) located between the two boundary regions (20); a plurality of electrodes (108) arranged at intervals in the first direction (X) on the at least one surface side (1100), wherein each electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108) extends in a second direction (Y), the first direction (X) intersecting with the second direction (Y); at least one edge connection line (137) located within a respective edge region (20) of the two edge regions (20); at least one central connecting line (147) located in the central region (30); and a plurality of reinforcement sections (157), wherein each reinforcement section (157) of the plurality of reinforcement sections (157) is arranged on one side of each edge connection line (137) of the at least one edge connection line (137) away from the cell substrate (110); wherein the respective edge connecting line (137) is in contact with at least one electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108), and a respective central connecting line (147) of the at least one central connecting line (147) is in contact with at least one electrode (108) of the plurality of electrodes (108); and wherein the respective edge connecting line (137) has a width that is greater than the width of the respective central connecting line (147) in the second direction (Y). [2] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 1, wherein the respective reinforcement section (157) includes: a first section (1571) extending in the second direction (Y), and two second sections (1572) extending in the first direction (X), wherein the first section (1571) is in contact with a corresponding second section (1572) of the two second sections (1572) at each of the two opposite ends of the first section (1571) in the second direction (Y). [3] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of reinforcement sections (157) is divided into a plurality of groups of reinforcement sections (157) and reinforcement sections (157) in a respective group of reinforcement sections (157) are arranged at intervals on an identical edge connection line (137) of the at least one edge connection line (137); wherein the orthographic projection areas of the reinforcement sections (157) in the respective group of reinforcement sections (157) on the cell substrate (110) are the same or the orthographic projection areas of the reinforcement sections (157) on the cell substrate (110) gradually decrease in a direction away from the central region (30). [4] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: edge pads (120), wherein a respective edge pad (120) is arranged on one side of a respective edge region (20) of the two edge regions (20) near the central region (30), and the respective edge pad (120) is in contact with a corresponding central connecting line (147) on one side of the respective edge pad (120) near the central region (30) in the first direction (X), and is in contact with a corresponding edge connecting line (137) on a side of the respective edge pad (120) away from the central region (30) in the first direction (X); wherein an orthographic projection area of ​​the respective edge pad (120) on a respective surface side (1100) is larger than an orthographic projection area of ​​a respective reinforcement section (157) on the respective surface side (1100). [5] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 4, further comprising: a plurality of auxiliary pads (130) arranged at intervals in the first direction (X) and located between two edge pads (120) arranged at intervals in the first direction (X), wherein an orthographic projection area of ​​a respective auxiliary pad (130) on the respective surface side (1100) is smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​a respective edge pad (120) on the respective surface side (1100). [6] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 5, wherein the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective amplification section (157) on the respective surface side (1100) is smaller than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the respective auxiliary pad (130) on the respective surface side (1100). [7] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising: a plurality of solder joints arranged at intervals in the first direction (X) and located between two adjacent auxiliary pads (130) in the first direction (X), wherein each solder joint is in contact with a respective electrode (108). [8] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 7, wherein the respective solder joint includes a welding line extending in the second direction (Y) and extension lines extending in the first direction (X), wherein the welding line is in contact with a corresponding extension line at each end of two opposite ends of the welding line in the second direction (Y). [9] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of auxiliary pads (130) includes first auxiliary pads (130) and at least one second auxiliary pad (130), wherein each first auxiliary pad (130) is located between a respective edge pad (120) and a solder joint that is closest to the respective edge pad (120), each second auxiliary pad (130) has solder joints that are arranged adjacent to two sides of the respective second auxiliary pad (130) in the first direction (X), and an orthographic projection area of ​​each first auxiliary pad (130) on the respective surface side (1100) is smaller than an orthographic projection area of ​​the respective second auxiliary pad (130) on the respective surface side (1100). [10] Photovoltaic cell (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the photovoltaic cell (100) is provided with edge connecting lines (137) in the edge regions (20) of one of the two surface sides (1100) and with harpoon sections (150) in the edge regions (20) of the other of the two surface sides (1100), and each harpoon section (150) encloses two busbar lines (1501) with intersecting directions of extension, wherein the first direction (X), the second direction (Y) and the directions of extension of the busbar lines (1501) lie on the same plane and intersect each other in pairs; or wherein the photovoltaic cell (100) is provided with edge connecting lines (137) in the edge regions (20) of each of the two surface sides (1100). [11] Photovoltaic module, comprising: a plurality of cell strands (101), wherein each cell strand (101) is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10; at least one encapsulation film (41), wherein each encapsulation film (41) is configured to cover a surface of a respective cell strand (101); and at least one cover plate (42), wherein each cover plate (42) is configured to cover a surface of the respective encapsulation film (41) facing away from the respective cell strand (101). [12] Photovoltaic module according to claim 11, wherein the photovoltaic module includes the following: a cell string group comprising N columns of cell strings (101) connected in parallel to each other, wherein each cell string (101) of the N columns of cell strings (101) comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) connected in series along a short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each photovoltaic cell (100) of the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) has the shape of a quasi-rectangle having a width (W1) and a length (W2) that is longer than the width (W1), and a ratio of the width (W1) to the length (W2) is 1 / M: 1, wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is less than N, wherein the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle is the first direction (X); a plurality of first connection structures (102), wherein each first connection structure (102) of the plurality of first connection structures (102) is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) in a corresponding cell string (101); and a plurality of second connection structures (103), wherein each second connection structure (103) of the plurality of second connection structures (103) is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings (101). [13] Photovoltaic module according to claim 11, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) is a segmented cell (100a), the segmented cell (100a) is obtained by cutting an original complete cell wafer (10) along a longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer (10), and the segmented cell (100a) is 1 / S of the original complete cell wafer (10), wherein S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; wherein each photovoltaic cell (100) of the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) has the shape of a quasi-rectangle and the longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer (10) is the first direction (X). [14] Photovoltaic module according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) of the respective cell string (101) are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area (105) between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells (100); wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises buffer pads (115), wherein each buffer pad (115) of the buffer pads (115) is located at least on the corresponding overlap area (105), wherein a width of each buffer pad (115) is greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding overlap area (105) along the first direction (X). [15] Photovoltaic module according to claim 12, wherein the photovoltaic module includes three cell string groups (111) connected in series in a sequence along a longitudinal side direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each cell string group (111) of the three cell string groups (111) includes four parallel connected cell strings (101) and the four cell strings (101) are arranged in an array along the longitudinal side direction (Y) or the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle.

Images