SETTING A COMMUNICATION PARAMETER OF A COMMUNICATION MODULE OF A CHARGING STATION

Description

[0001] The invention relates to methods for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module of a charging station, which serves for communication, in particular wired communication, via an interface of the charging station. Furthermore, the invention also relates to calibration devices for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module of a charging station, which serves for communication, in particular wired communication, via an interface of the charging station. The invention further relates to communication modules for a charging station, wherein the communication module serves for communication, in particular wired communication, via an interface of the charging station.Finally, the invention also relates to a charging station with a charging port for providing electrical energy, an energy converter controllable by means of a control unit and electrically coupled to the charging port, and a communication module coupled to the control unit in terms of communication technology, which serves for communication, in particular wired communication, via an interface of the charging station using at least one communication parameter.

[0002] Charging stations, communication modules, and calibration devices are extensively known in the prior art, so no separate written documentation is required. Charging stations serve, in particular, to supply electrical equipment that incorporates an electrical energy storage device for its intended operation, at least temporarily, so that its electrical energy storage device can be recharged. This applies not only, but especially, to electrically powered motor vehicles.

[0003] An electrically powered motor vehicle is a motor vehicle that has an electric drive system for its intended operation. If the motor vehicle consists solely of the electric drive system as its propulsion system, it is an electric vehicle. If, instead, another propulsion system is provided, such as an internal combustion engine or the like, the electrically powered motor vehicle is a hybrid vehicle.

[0004] During the intended operation of electrical equipment, particularly electrically powered vehicles, electrical energy is consumed. This energy is supplied by a respective electrical energy storage device within the electrical equipment or the electrically powered vehicle. The electrical energy storage device is therefore usually designed as a battery.

[0005] Especially in electrically powered vehicles, the accumulator is often designed as a high-voltage battery. Electrically powered vehicles, like other electrical devices of this type, must therefore be regularly connected to a charging station so that electrical energy can be supplied to the respective electrical energy storage device, enabling it to resume its intended operation after the energy connection to the charging station is terminated.

[0006] Charging stations are generally stationary or fixed installations designed to be electrically coupled to electrical equipment, particularly electric vehicles. This energy coupling can be implemented, for example, as a wired connection, where a charging cable from the charging station is electromechanically coupled to the electrical equipment or the electric vehicle. Alternatively, wireless energy coupling is also possible, for example, using an alternating magnetic field or similar technology.

[0007] For the intended operation of a charging station, it is generally necessary to enable communication between the charging station and the electrical equipment or the vehicle. This allows the charging process to be controlled as desired. Communication usually takes place via a dedicated communication line. In the case of a wired power connection, this line can be integrated into the charging cable of the charging station, which provides the wired power connection. However, communication can also occasionally be implemented wirelessly, for example, using short-range radio, infrared, ultrasound, and / or similar technologies. In this context, EP 2 958 345 A1 discloses an attenuation-level-based interconnection in communication networks. Furthermore, DE 10 2011 010 809 A1 discloses a charging station and a method for ensuring the safe charging process of an electric vehicle.

[0008] A charging system is known from a machine translation of JP6172057B2. Its purpose is to enable switching between AC and DC fast charging with stable PLC (Power Line Communication). The charging system comprises a charging control unit located in the vehicle for sending and receiving a control signal and controlling the charging process via a control line integrated into the charging cable, and a control unit located in the vehicle connected to the power supply control unit. Each PLC modem includes an amplitude adjustment unit to increase the amplitude of the communication signal, thereby improving PLC communication during DC fast charging compared to AC charging.

[0009] US Patent 2013 / 0317979 A1 discloses a method which, after initial communication between a vehicle and a charging station, involves setting an expected voltage for charging the vehicle's battery during this initial communication. The initial communication phase between the vehicle and the charging station then ends. Next, the vehicle receives electrical energy supplied by the charging station and compares the actual voltage applied with the expected voltage—that is, the voltage set during the initial communication. If the actual and expected voltages match, the charging process is authorized.

[0010] From "ZHOU WENWEN ET AL: An Integrated Digital Ripple Restrained System for DC Charging Infrastructure Testing" a test device for DC charging stations is known that can be connected to a charging station and can record characteristic parameters of the charging station.

[0011] In order to achieve reliable communication, the charging station provides a communication module which makes it possible to adjust the desired communication using at least one communication parameter so that reliable communication can be guaranteed at least during charging operation.However, since communication can depend on a number of environmental parameters, such as the charging station's location, the length of the charging cable, and the characteristics of the vehicle connected to the charging cable, it is generally insufficient to calibrate at least one communication parameter to a predetermined value during the manufacturing of the charging station or the communication module for the charging station. This is because the functionality with regard to communication can also depend on the installation position of the communication module in the charging station, the type and length of the charging cable or communication interface, as well as the impedance of a ground connection, and / or similar factors. Therefore, the communication module is generally designed to be adjustable with respect to at least one communication parameter.

[0012] Two different methods for setting at least one communication parameter are known in the prior art. A first method, also called type calibration, involves performing a single calibration for each charging station type and setting all charging stations of the same type to the same value with respect to their at least one communication parameter. As long as tolerances, particularly with regard to the mechanics, the length of cables installed in the charging station (especially ground cables), and the charging cable, are small, this method can achieve a sufficiently usable calibration across the entire product series.

[0013] A second method, also known as unit calibration, involves performing calibration individually for each charging station. This allows for easy consideration of tolerances or even differences arising from the use of different components. Unit calibration offers significant logistical advantages. However, it cannot be performed with conventional calibration methods, which require integrating values ​​for at least one communication parameter into the charging station's computer program. Instead, it necessitates that at least one communication parameter can be easily and reliably set by assembly or maintenance personnel, either during or after the charging station's production. This should also be possible during maintenance while the charging station is in normal operation.

[0014] The invention is based on the objective of enabling the simplest possible setting of at least one communication parameter with high reliability and security.

[0015] The invention proposes methods, calibration devices, communication modules and a charging station according to the independent claims to solve the problem.

[0016] Advantageous further training opportunities arise from the characteristics of the dependent requirements.

[0017] With regard to a generic method, it is proposed in particular, according to a first aspect, that a calibration device is coupled to the interface, authentication data is transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module, a value for which at least one communication parameter is transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module, and the at least one communication parameter is set by the communication module depending on an evaluation of the authentication data by the communication module according to the transmitted value.

[0018] According to a second aspect, for a generic method, it is particularly proposed that a calibration device is coupled to the interface, authentication data is transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module, a communication signal from the communication module is received and evaluated by the calibration device in order to determine at least one signal parameter depending on the received communication signal, which is transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module, and the communication module sets the at least one communication parameter depending on the at least one signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data.

[0019] With regard to a generic calibration device, it is particularly proposed, according to the first aspect, that the calibration device is designed to be coupled to the interface, to transmit authentication data to the communication module, and to transmit a value for the at least one communication parameter to the communication module, so that the communication module sets the at least one communication parameter depending on the transmitted value and an evaluation of the authentication data by the communication module.

[0020] Regarding the second aspect, it is particularly proposed for a calibration device of this type that the calibration device is configured to be coupled to the interface, to transmit authentication data to the communication module, to receive and evaluate a communication signal from the communication module in order to determine at least one signal parameter depending on the received communication signal, and to transmit the at least one signal parameter to the communication module so that the communication module sets the at least one communication parameter depending on the at least one signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data.

[0021] With regard to a communication module of the generic type, it is particularly proposed, according to the first aspect, that the communication module is configured to set at least one communication parameter, to receive authentication data from a calibration device that can be coupled to the interface, to receive a value for the at least one communication parameter from the calibration device, and to set the at least one communication parameter depending on an evaluation of the authentication data according to the received value.

[0022] With regard to a generic communication module, it is particularly proposed, according to the second aspect, that the communication module is configured to set at least one communication parameter, to receive authentication data from a calibration device that can be coupled to the interface, to send a communication signal so that the calibration device receives and evaluates the communication signal in order to determine at least one signal parameter depending on the received communication signal, to receive the at least one signal parameter from the calibration device and to set the at least one communication parameter depending on the at least one signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data.

[0023] Finally, it is specifically proposed for a charging station of the generic type that the communication module be designed according to the invention.

[0024] The invention is based on the idea that at least one communication parameter can be easily set using the calibration device. For this purpose, the calibration device is to be connected to the communication module via the charging station's interface, so that the communication module can receive a value for the at least one communication parameter to be set. To prevent just any calibration device from being used to set the value of the communication parameter and thus affect the charging station's function, the invention provides authentication data. This authentication data ensures that only calibration devices with predefined authorization can be used to set the at least one communication parameter. A suitable authentication method can be used for this purpose.

[0025] According to the invention, it is therefore not necessary to connect the charging station to a central unit via a permanent communication link in order to adjust at least one communication parameter. This proves particularly advantageous when the charging station is located away from a communication network and such a communication link would require increased effort or even be impossible to implement.

[0026] Furthermore, the invention also prevents unauthorized access to the charging station via a communication network, because a permanent communication connection is not required. Instead, the invention provides that the calibration device is used for this purpose.

[0027] The calibration device is preferably a portable unit that can be transported to the charging station to establish a communication connection with it via the charging station's interface. This makes the invention particularly suitable when the charging station is already installed at its intended location. However, the invention can also be used for manufacturing the charging stations or the communication module. In this case, the calibration device does not need to be transported to the charging station or the communication module. Nevertheless, the calibration device can be a compact, easy-to-handle, and especially portable unit that can have a suitable device interface capable of communicating with the charging station's interface.

[0028] The interface can be formed, for example, by a plug connection or similar device, enabling a wired communication connection. Alternatively, the interface can also be implemented as a wired communication connection via the charging cable of the charging station. In this case, the interface can be designed to fit the charging cable's wiring.

[0029] Setting the at least one communication parameter does not require modifying a computer program or the charging station's hardware. In particular, it can be provided that only a single value for the at least one communication parameter is stored in a memory unit of the communication module or the charging station, which is then set accordingly. Therefore, no access to any computer program or any other hardware of the communication module or the charging station is necessary. This allows for a particularly simple implementation of the invention.

[0030] The at least one communication parameter can be, for example, a carrier in wireless communication methods such as short-range radio, infrared, ultrasound, and / or the like, or in a carrier frequency method, particularly with regard to wired communication, which is to be used for communication. Furthermore, the at least one communication parameter can, of course, also include a transmission power, in particular an amplitude, and / or the like. The communication parameter can also relate to any encoding to be used for communication. This makes it possible to adjust the encoding appropriately as needed, so that the reliability and security of the communication can be set. For example, the communication parameter can also relate to a frequency to be selected for use in the communication.Of course, multiple carriers and / or frequencies can be set or selected with a single communication parameter. Other combinations that can be used to configure communication can also be covered by at least one communication parameter.

[0031] The communication module is a unit, particularly an electronic one, that serves to enable communication, at least with the calibration device. The communication module is preferably an integral part of the charging station and can, for example, be located within a housing of the charging station. Alternatively or additionally, the communication module can also be located at least partially separate from the charging station.

[0032] Furthermore, the communication module can also be used to enable communication between a charging station and a connected vehicle. This communication can preferably take place via the charging cable. It is possible for this communication to occur via at least two electrical wires of the charging cable. Alternatively, it can also be enabled using a pilot wire, which is often integrated into the charging cable. Of course, combinations of these methods are also possible.

[0033] The charging station's interface can therefore typically be a wired communication interface, which can either be a dedicated hardware interface or combined with other charging station components, such as a charging controller or similar device. The communication module, therefore, does not need to be exclusively designed for communication with the calibration device.

[0034] To enable wired communication between the communication module and the calibration device, the calibration device is to be coupled to the interface. This coupling can preferably be electromechanical, for example via a plug connection or similar. Of course, wireless coupling, for example based on short-range radio communication, can also be provided, thus avoiding interference due to unfavorable contact resistances and / or similar factors. In this context, "short range" refers to a distance of one or more centimeters up to a communication range of approximately 5 meters.

[0035] However, it proves particularly advantageous if the calibration device is designed as a connector that can be electromechanically detachably connected to a correspondingly complementary connector on the charging cable used to connect to a motor vehicle. This allows the interface to be integrated into the charging cable, thus eliminating the need for a separate interface on the charging station.

[0036] To ensure that the charging station, and in particular the communication module, knows that the exchanged data originates from a reliable source and is authorized for further use, the calibration device transmits authentication data to the communication module after pairing with the interface. Using this authentication data, the communication module can determine whether the calibration device is authorized to adjust at least one communication parameter, i.e., whether it possesses valid authorization to do so. This prevents unauthorized third parties from manipulating the at least one communication parameter and thus potentially impairing the intended functionality of the charging station.

[0037] The communication module can, for example, be integrated with the charging station's control unit. The control unit can then provide the charging station's predefined charging functionality, for example by controlling a charging controller and / or similar device.

[0038] To enable authentication, a specific functionality provided in the communication module or control unit, signed by a central trusted authority, may include an authorization module. This module would contain one or more rules from a rule set that define which instances are authorized to manipulate or adjust at least one communication parameter. This functionality can be provided, for example, by an electronic hardware circuit, a computer program running on a computer unit, or a combination thereof. For instance, the charging station, control unit, or communication module could include a suitable computer program that also incorporates a package manager.For example, if an already commissioned charging station needs to have its interface functionality adjusted on-site—for instance, setting attenuation values ​​for specific carriers in a powerline communication connection—a designated service personnel can bring a suitably equipped calibration device to the charging station and connect it to the station's interface. It can be assumed, for example, that minimum and maximum values ​​for at least one communication parameter to be adjusted may already be known from other charging stations of the same type, such as attenuation values.

[0039] To enable the calibration process, it may be possible to automatically generate and sign relevant data, for example as a file, and then store it on the calibration device. The calibration device can then provide this data accordingly. Preferably, this data does not contain a computer program used to control the charging station and / or the communication module, but rather, for example, a test module, values ​​for at least one communication parameter to be configured, and / or similar information.If a test module is available, it can be implemented, for example, as a script that, during package installation, reads configuration parameters—that is, values ​​for the at least one communication parameter to be set—from a file provided by the calibration device and cryptographically secured by the device using a signature. The script then checks these parameters against plausibility data stored in the file, which can be derived, for example, from the minimum and maximum values, and, if the check is successful, applies the values. The test module can therefore preferably serve to support or enable the authentication of the at least one communication parameter, or similar purposes.

[0040] As part of a signature verification of the file, the script can, for example, also check whether the certificate used by the calibration device for signature is valid and whether access by this calibration device is permitted at a specified time or similar. For this purpose, the file can contain, for example, a hash value, a private key of the calibration device, public keys (which may be included in the certificate), and / or similar data. This enables the verification without requiring the communication module and the calibration device to be connected to an online communication network. This data is preferably stored permanently in the test module, which was specifically generated for this particular charging station, so that the verification can be performed offline simply by connecting the calibration device to the charging station's interface.However, the test module can also be designed generically and, for example, only contain the information necessary for the identification and authorization of the calibration device.

[0041] If the check reveals that the prerequisites are not met, the configuration of the communication parameters can be aborted. The evaluation personnel may then have the option of requesting a new assignment with, for example, extended permissions. This may require equipping the calibration device with new data, preferably with extended permissions, i.e., for example, with a less restricted test module or similar. Naturally, the configuration of at least one communication parameter may also be contingent upon the existence of further authorization credentials.

[0042] The key aspect of this embodiment of the invention is to provide fixed, yet configurable, functionalities of the communication module or control unit, together with a testing device, on the charging station side. This allows configuration options via the calibration device to be restricted to such an extent that high security requirements can be met. It is advantageous if the data for the calibration device is generated automatically, taking into account data relating to the calibration device used to process an order. This enables authorization verification even at charging stations that lack the capability to check authorizations online, without requiring the charging station itself to be specifically configured for this type of verification.

[0043] Including additional proof of authorization can, for example, extend the review to scenarios such as: Changes can only be made jointly by two people; changes are dependent on a receipt for a previous successful data transmission; changes are only permitted in certain system states of the charging station; changes are dependent on a specific state of a charging station functionality being reached, for example, a current computer program version, which closes security gaps related to at least one communication parameter, and / or the like.

[0044] Setting at least one communication parameter can be implemented, for example, by a package manager that executes scripts included in the package during installation. At least one of these scripts can include the validation module. The package manager can thus perform the installation, enabling the script to be executed as well. This allows the script to check at least one rule of the rule set and the other conditions.

[0045] The calibration device can be a separately portable unit, such as a laptop, a PDA, or even just an electronic storage device or the like. Preferably, the calibration device has a housing with an interface complementary to that of the charging station, enabling the intended detachable communication connection between the calibration device and the charging station or its interface. The authentication data can, for example, be data contained in the file or authentication file. If authentication is successful, at least one communication parameter can be set accordingly.

[0046] According to the first aspect, it can be provided that a value for at least one communication parameter is transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module. The communication module and / or the control unit can then adopt this value for the communication parameter to be set. The transmission of the value for at least one communication parameter can occur before or after authentication. Of course, the value can also be transmitted together with authentication data.

[0047] At least one communication parameter is then set by the communication module depending on an evaluation of the authentication data by the communication module according to the determined value.

[0048] According to a further development of the first aspect, it is proposed that the calibration device receives a communication signal from the communication module and determines the value for the at least one communication parameter based on the received communication signal. This design has the advantage that the functionality of the charging station, in particular the communication module, can be taken into account when determining the value for the at least one communication parameter. This proves particularly advantageous if the interface is simultaneously provided by the charging cable, thus allowing consideration of the functionality with regard to the design of the charging cable and its interaction with the communication module. For example, it may be provided that the value for the at least one communication parameter relates to attenuation, power, in particular the amplitude of a carrier, but also a carrier frequency and / or the like.Furthermore, the value can of course also indicate a fundamental use of a carrier or carrier frequency, for example by specifying that one or more selected carriers are to be used exclusively for communication.

[0049] In principle, it is of course possible to allow multiple values ​​to be transmitted for multiple communication parameters. Naturally, it is also possible to configure the system to transmit only a single value for one or more communication parameters. For example, communication parameters may be grouped, with each value pertaining to a specific group of parameters. This can be implemented, for instance, to define specific frequency ranges for communication within the communication module. These frequency ranges do not need to be adjacent; they can also be separated by unused frequency ranges.

[0050] It is further proposed that the communication signal comprise at least one data telegram and that the value be determined based on this at least one data telegram. A data telegram is, for example, a communication element with data elements that are combined into a single unit to be transmitted. The data telegram is preferably based on digital data provided according to a predefined encoding and / or encryption. The data can then be transmitted as a data unit, for example, using specific transmission methods such as block coding or the like. This refinement utilizes the property that a data telegram requires a comparatively short time span and that the communication conditions during the transmission of the data telegram are essentially stationary. Therefore, if the data telegram is used as the communication signal, the value can be determined very precisely.Furthermore, it is of course possible to use multiple data telegrams, especially those with different data content, to determine the value, thus further improving the value determination process. For example, it is also possible to supplement the value determination with statistical methods, such as calculating the average or similar.

[0051] Regarding the second aspect, the communication signal from the communication module is received and evaluated by the calibration device in order to determine at least one signal parameter based on the received communication signal. The signal parameter can be, for example, a received field strength, attenuation, received power, received frequency, and / or the like. Of course, several signal values ​​can be encompassed by a single signal parameter, which can be determined continuously or discretely over time, particularly repeatedly over time.

[0052] At least one signal parameter is then transmitted from the calibration device to the communication module, whereupon the communication module sets at least one communication parameter based on this signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data. The communication module thus checks whether the calibration device connected to the interface is authorized to transmit signal parameters to the communication module. If authorization is granted, the communication module evaluates the signal parameter and sets the communication parameter accordingly.

[0053] Naturally, it is possible to use multiple signal parameters to adjust a single communication parameter. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine one or more signal parameters from the calibration device and transmit them to the communication module when adjusting each communication parameter. Here too, it is possible to use one signal parameter to adjust two or more communication parameters. Statistical methods can also be employed to improve the adjustment process.

[0054] For the second aspect, it is additionally proposed that the communication signal comprises at least one data telegram and that the signal parameter is determined based on this at least one data telegram. Here, too, the previously explained data telegram can be used to determine the at least one signal parameter. Of course, two or more signal parameters can also be determined from the data telegram. Likewise, several data telegrams can be used to determine a respective signal parameter.

[0055] It is further proposed that the value and / or any changes to the value of at least one communication parameter be transmitted to a central unit. This transmission can also be carried out using the calibration device. For this purpose, the communication module can be configured to transmit the set value to the calibration device. If the calibration device is subsequently connected to the central unit, the set communication parameter can be transmitted from the calibration device to the central unit. This design has the advantage that the respective settings of the charging station's communication parameters are also available at the central unit. This can be used to better determine preset values ​​for the production of further charging stations.Furthermore, in the event of a repair, it may be possible to equip a communication module to be replaced with the necessary, up-to-date communication parameters at the factory, so that only the mechanical replacement of the communication module at the charging station is required on site. This further simplifies the maintenance and repair of the charging station, especially the communication module.

[0056] According to a training course, it is proposed that the setting of at least one communication parameter be automated once the calibration device is authenticated. This design has the advantage that no further intervention, particularly by maintenance personnel, is required to perform the setting of at least one communication parameter. Only the communication link between the communication module and the calibration device needs to be established.

[0057] According to a training course, it is proposed that the calibration device monitor the setting of at least one communication parameter. This makes it possible to verify the functionality of the setting in relation to the communication module. This ensures that the desired setting of the communication module has actually been achieved. Reliability can thus be further improved. If the monitoring reveals that the value to which the at least one communication parameter is to be set has not been reached or cannot be reached, a corresponding error message can be issued and / or stored, for example, in the calibration device and / or in the communication module or the charging station's control unit. Further maintenance measures can then be initiated if necessary.Monitoring can preferably be achieved by the communication module transmitting the currently set value of at least one communication parameter to the calibration device after the value has been set. The calibration device then compares the value transmitted by the communication module with the value previously transmitted to the communication module and, depending on the comparison, issues an error message or a success message. Furthermore, it can also be provided to re-determine the signal parameter, which has now changed as a result of the altered communication parameter, and, if necessary, to readjust the communication parameter, thereby achieving a closed-loop control system. This allows for at least partial adaptation to potentially changing boundary conditions during the intended operation of the charging station.This further training can be considered, for example, if the vehicle also includes a calibration device. It may also be necessary to interrupt the charging process to allow for further adjustments.

[0058] Furthermore, it is advantageous to lock the connection between the calibration device and the interface. This ensures a secure communication link between the calibration device and the interface. Locking is preferably achieved mechanically, for example, by mechanically connecting a connector of the calibration device to a corresponding complementary connector of the interface. Locking can be accomplished, for instance, using locking tabs, bayonet fittings, screws, and / or similar mechanisms.

[0059] Preferably, the interface is provided at least partially by a charging cable of the charging station and / or the calibration device at least partially by a charging plug. This has the advantage that the invention can be easily integrated into charging stations. If the interface is formed by the charging cable, a separate hardware interface on the charging station is no longer necessary. Rather, the charging cable is sufficient to establish a communication connection with the communication module. In this context, it is also advantageous if the calibration device is provided at least partially by a charging plug. This allows the connection between the calibration device and the communication module to be established easily, particularly via the charging cable.This design proves particularly advantageous when the vehicle's charging plug also incorporates the calibration device. In this case, only the charging cable needs to be connected to the vehicle's charging plug to implement the functionality according to the invention. For this purpose, it can be provided that a charging process is not initiated initially, but only after the calibration is complete.

[0060] It is particularly advantageous if wired communication takes place at least partially via at least two electrical wires of the charging cable, which also provide at least part of the charging voltage to the charging station, and / or a pilot wire of the charging cable. This eliminates the need for a separate interface. Instead, the existing hardware installation of the charging station, as is typically already provided for charging stations of this type, can be used. It is especially advantageous if communication occurs exclusively via the at least two electrical wires of the charging cable, because then the separate pilot wire of the charging cable can be dispensed with, at least for this purpose. In any case, the quality and reliability of the communication can be improved.

[0061] The effects and advantages stated for the methods according to the invention apply equally to the calibration devices, the communication modules, and the charging station according to the invention, and vice versa. Therefore, features of the methods can also be formulated as features of the devices, and vice versa.

[0062] Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments. In the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features and functions. FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a charging station to which a motor vehicle is connected for the supply of electrical energy from the charging station to the motor vehicle. FIG 2 shows a schematic diagram representation of a data telegram with data elements as a communication signal, as required for communication via a charging connection cable having two electrical conductors according to FIG 1 is used by means of the respective charging station-side and vehicle-side communication adapters, FIG 3 a schematic diagram representation for a data element of the data telegram according to FIG 2 , and FIG 4 in a schematic representation as FIG 1 a calibration plug that is connected to the charging station's charging cable for setting communication parameters.

[0063] FIG 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a charging station 10 for supplying electrical energy to a motor vehicle 12 electrically coupled to the charging station 10, which in this case is an electric vehicle. However, the motor vehicle 12 could also be a hybrid vehicle or a conventional motor vehicle.

[0064] The charging station 10 has a charging unit 14, which serves to provide electrical energy for the motor vehicle 12. For this purpose, the charging unit 14 is connected to an external energy source 20, in this case a public power grid, which provides the electrical energy using alternating current. The charging unit 14 also has an energy converter 22, which serves to convert the electrical energy received from the energy source 20. For this purpose, the energy converter 22 is designed with a rectifier function and a DC / DC converter.

[0065] The charging station 10 further comprises a control unit 16, which is communicatively coupled to the charging unit 14 and is designed to establish a communication link to the motor vehicle 12 and to adjust the supply of electrical energy depending on the energy storage data received from the motor vehicle. For this purpose, the energy converter 22 can be controlled appropriately by means of the control unit 16.

[0066] Furthermore, the charging station 10 comprises an electrical charging connection cable 18, which is electrically coupled at its first end to the charging unit 14. The charging connection cable 18 has exactly two electrical conductors 24 and 26 for providing an electrical charging voltage, which in this case is a direct current voltage. The charging connection cable 18 has a connector 54 at its second end, opposite the first end, which serves for the detachable electromechanical coupling of a charging connection unit 32 of the motor vehicle 12, which includes a suitable connector.

[0067] Furthermore, the charging station 10 includes a communication adapter 28, which is coupled to the control unit 16 and connected to at least two electrical lines 24, 26, as a communication module for establishing the communication connection to the motor vehicle 12 via the two electrical lines 24, 26.

[0068] The communication adapter 28 is configured to use a modulation adapted to the conductor characteristics of the charging connection cable 18. For this purpose, it includes a suitably designed modulator (not shown) by means of which appropriately modulated communication signals can be applied to the two electrical conductors 24 and 26. For this purpose, corresponding communication parameters are used, by means of which the electrical characteristics of the communication signals can be adjusted, in this case, frequency and amplitude. Alternatively or additionally, other communication parameters can also be used. Some of the communication parameters can also be fixed and therefore cannot be adjusted. Furthermore, the communication adapter 28 includes a demodulator adapted to the modulation method, by means of which received communication signals can be demodulated.Here too, appropriate communication parameters can be used, such as attenuation and / or the like. The communication signals can, in particular, comprise a data telegram 44 with data elements 46, as will be shown below using the example below. FIG 2 will be explained further.

[0069] In this case, QAM modulation is used. However, other suitable modulation methods can also be employed. Here, too, it may be possible to select and / or configure the respective modulation method using one or more communication parameters.

[0070] The charging station 10 is set up as a charging column at a parking space for the motor vehicle 12, so that the motor vehicle 12 parked at the parking space can be detachably coupled to the charging station 10 by means of the charging connection cable 18 in an energy-related manner, i.e. in particular electrically, so that the charging station 10 can supply electrical energy to the motor vehicle 12.

[0071] Out of FIG 1 It is further evident that the motor vehicle 12 is connected to the charging station 10 by means of the charging connection cable 18. For this purpose, the motor vehicle 12 has the charging connection unit 32 with an undesignated connector, complementary to the connector 54, having two connection contacts 38, 40, wherein the charging connection unit 32 is designed for electrically connecting the electrical charging connection cable 18 of the charging station 10 with the two electrical lines 24, 26 for providing the electrical charging voltage.

[0072] Furthermore, the motor vehicle 12 has an electric drive unit 36 ​​for propelling the motor vehicle 12 in intended driving operation and an electrically coupled electrical energy storage device 34, which in this case is designed as a lithium-ion battery.

[0073] The rated voltage of the electrical energy storage device 34 is approximately 450 V. This voltage is a high-voltage voltage as defined by standards, such as ECE R 100. Certain standard requirements must be met when operating electrical systems with high voltage. Both the charging station 10 and the vehicle 12 are designed accordingly.

[0074] The charging connection unit 32 is also electrically coupled to the energy storage device 34. For this purpose, each terminal of the energy storage device 34 is electrically coupled to each of the terminal contacts 38, 40 of the charging connection unit 32, so that when the motor vehicle 12 is connected to the charging station 10, as shown in FIG 1 As shown, electrical energy can be supplied. In principle, however, it is also possible to extract electrical energy from the energy storage device 34 in this way.

[0075] The motor vehicle 12 further comprises a vehicle control unit 42, which is coupled via communication technology to sensors (not shown) that can detect state variables and / or parameters of the electrical energy storage device 34. In this case, the state variables include the charge level and temperature of the energy storage device 34. The parameters detected are the rated electrical voltage and the charging power of the energy storage device 34. The vehicle control unit 42 is configured to establish a communication link to the charging station 10 and to transmit energy storage data to the charging station 10 via this link in order to control the supply or, if applicable, the withdrawal of electrical energy depending on the energy storage data.

[0076] The energy storage data presented here includes a state of charge, a temperature, a rated power, and a rated voltage of the electrical energy storage device 34. However, if necessary, further state data of the electrical energy storage device 34 can be added, or some of the aforementioned energy storage data can be omitted if this is expedient or makes sense for the current application.

[0077] Furthermore, the motor vehicle 12 includes a communication adapter 30 which is coupled to the vehicle control unit 42 and connected to the two connection contacts 38, 40 for establishing the communication connection to the charging station 10 via the two electrical lines 24, 26 of the charging connection cable 18.

[0078] The communication adapter 30 is essentially identical in design to the communication adapter 28 of the charging station 10. However, depending on requirements, the communication adapter 30 can also be configured differently, for example, to accommodate vehicle-specific characteristics. Both the communication adapter 28 and the communication adapter 30 are designed to establish galvanic isolation between the communication link to the control unit 16 or vehicle control unit 42 and the electrical lines 24, 26. For this purpose, the communication adapters 28, 30 can have suitable transformers that allow a communication signal to be applied to the electrical lines 24, 26 without establishing a galvanic or electrically conductive connection. To this end, the communication adapters 28, 30 may be configured to use a predefined modulation.

[0079] Communication signals can, of course, also be received by the communication adapters 28 and 30 via the same communication coupling path. Received communication signals can be demodulated and, if necessary, decoded using the demodulators. Consequently, for transmission, the communication adapters 28 and 30 may include a corresponding encoder and, if necessary, a corresponding encryptor to prepare the data to be transmitted for the communication link in a suitable manner.

[0080] In principle, a wide variety of modulation methods can be used, such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, combinations thereof, digital modulation and / or the like.

[0081] To improve communication on the electrical lines 24 and 26, the energy converter 22 is designed to provide galvanic isolation. Lines 24 and 26 are thus electrically isolated from a ground potential (not shown). This reduces unwanted capacitive coupling that could impair communication via the electrical lines 24 and 26.

[0082] Furthermore, it is provided that the communication adapters 28, 30 are configured to use digital communication based on a secure protocol standard. This will be demonstrated below using the following examples. FIG 2 und 3 further explained, which as a communication signal show a schematic representation of a data telegram 44 with data elements 46, which can be used by the communication adapters 28, 30 for communication with each other via the electrical lines 24, 26.

[0083] To ensure operational reliability with regard to communication during charging or during the supply of electrical energy from the charging station to the vehicle, even without the need for a pilot line, an association between the charging station 10 and the vehicle 12 should preferably be ensured. Furthermore, signaling of at least the charging status should be enabled, preferably by interrupting the supply of electrical energy in the event of a fault or when the charging cable 18 is disconnected from the charging unit 32. Moreover, crosstalk should not only be controlled, but preferably at least significantly reduced. This also reduces latency in communication over the communication link and increases the actually available bandwidth for communication.

[0084] The secure association between the charging station 10 and the vehicle 12 can be achieved by transmitting the communication signals not via the pilot wire, but via any electrical conductors of the charging cable 18, in this case, conductors 24 and 26. If charging is performed using a DC charging voltage, a positive conductor and a corresponding negative conductor can be used. When using a single-phase AC charging voltage, a phase conductor and a corresponding neutral conductor can be used. If a multi-phase AC voltage, for example, a three-phase AC voltage, is used as the charging voltage, communication can be provided via at least two phase conductors. Therefore, an earth conductor is not required for communication.

[0085] Crosstalk attenuation can be reduced by implementing an energy converter, inverter, or current source with low coupling capacitance between the AC side of the energy source 20 and the DC side, in this case, the charging cable 18, when charging with a DC voltage. This can be achieved, for example, by disconnecting the charging cable 18 from the energy source 20 via a contactor (not shown) before the charging process begins or electrical energy is supplied. If an AC voltage is used as the charging voltage, high-frequency filtering can be incorporated into a feed to the charging cable 18, for example, at a power supply or connection for the external energy source 20. The high-frequency filtering can, for example, include a filter for conducted radio interference.This allows an association mechanism, such as Session Layer Attenuation Characterization (SLAC), to deliver clearer results due to the lower attenuation.

[0086] The reliable transmission of charge states of the electrical energy storage device 34 can be achieved by applying mechanisms in automation technology, in which the corresponding state data, as further illustrated below, are transmitted using FIG 2 und 3 It will be further explained and transferred.

[0087] FIG 2 Figure 44 is shown in a schematic representation as it can be used to establish the communication link between the communication adapters 28, 30 via the electrical lines 24, 26. The data telegram 44 comprises a sequence of several data stream segments S containing standard data, including protocol data units (PDUs) that serve for secure communication via the electrical lines 24, 26. Several successive data stream segments S separate data elements 46, which are structured as follows: FIG 3 are shown schematically.

[0088] A continuous, bidirectional data stream is provided. Due to the chosen modulation, the bidirectional communication connection can be established simultaneously, thus providing a full-duplex communication link.

[0089] FIG 3 The schematic representation shows one of the data elements 46 according to FIG 2 , at which state information of the electrical energy storage device 34 can be transmitted as F-input / output data 48. The F-input / output data 48 can, for example, comprise up to 123 bytes. A status / control data 50 immediately follows the F-input / output data 48. This can comprise one byte of data.

[0090] Immediately following this, error correction data, such as error correction bytes 52, can be included, which may comprise three or four bytes. Error correction bytes 52 enable fault-tolerant encoding of the data, allowing the receiving system to check whether the F-input / output data 48 is corrupted or not upon receipt of data element 46. Furthermore, a certain number of errors can be corrected.

[0091] This enables a highly secure communication connection. Furthermore, the data transmitted in data telegram 46 can, of course, also be encrypted to better protect security, particularly against unauthorized interference with the communication. Appropriate encryption algorithms can be used for this purpose.

[0092] In order to achieve a high level of security regarding the communication link, a monitoring time can be provided which in this case is less than approximately 20ms, for example approximately 16ms or even approximately 8ms or even less.

[0093] After the monitoring period has elapsed, a safety fault can be detected and safety-critical settings, for example the energy supply from the charging station 10 to the vehicle 12, can be switched off. The design of the system according to the invention ensures good availability with regard to the data to be transmitted.

[0094] Although the loss of individual data elements may lead to slightly increased transmission latency and / or additional processing time in the communication adapters 28, 13, a time-out error and a resulting interruption of the energy supply from the charging station 10 to the vehicle 12 can be largely avoided.

[0095] To further increase the security of the communication link, a current setpoint for the supply of electrical energy from the charging station 10 to the vehicle 12 can also be transmitted, preferably using the secure communication described above, for example in the same data element 46 with the previously described short cycle. In contrast to cycle times of, for example, approximately 60 s used in the prior art, a secure direct connection can be realized as a communication link between the charging station 10 and the vehicle 12 when the cycle time according to the invention is selected.

[0096] The in FIG 2 The data telegram 44 shown can be implemented using framing, as is known from Ethernet, for example, by using corresponding Ethernet frames. Taking the OSI layer model into account, the invention makes it possible to detect a communication failure due to exceeding the monitoring time at layer 7. Overall, the invention also makes it possible to monitor the sequence of the data elements 46.

[0097] Overall, communication between the charging station 10 and the vehicle 12, as well as the charging connection cable 18, can be simplified. The pilot line commonly used in the prior art, which is susceptible to interference in ground-based communication, can be completely eliminated. Furthermore, the invention allows existing communication concepts based on, for example, Profinet / Profisafe to be used or imported, thereby enabling Simatic-compatible solutions.

[0098] Overall, however, the invention is not limited to wired charging and can, in principle, also be applied to wireless energy coupling, for example, inductive charging or the like. In this case, the communication link between the charging station and the communication module can, of course, also be wireless, for example based on short-range radio, infrared, ultrasound, and / or the like.

[0099] FIG 4 shows in a schematic representation how FIG 1 Charging station 10, as previously explained with regard to charging the motor vehicle 12. In contrast to the illustration according to FIG 1 is in the representation according to FIG 4 A calibration device 56 is now connected to connector 54 on the charging cable 18 instead of the vehicle 12 or its charging unit 32. The calibration device 56 also has connection contacts 38, 40, which contact the corresponding lines 24, 26 of the charging cable 18. A detachable electromechanical connector is also provided here.

[0100] The calibration device 56 is a portable unit comprising a control unit 58, which is electrically coupled to the connection contacts 38 and 40. The control unit 58 serves to store authentication data in the form of a file and to establish a communication connection with the communication adapter 28 of the charging station 10 via the charging cable 18, according to a predefined communication standard. For this purpose, the calibration device 56 uses the same communication standard as previously described for the charging process of the motor vehicle 12 at the charging station 10. Reference is therefore made to the above explanations in this regard.

[0101] The calibration device 56 is used to adjust the aforementioned communication parameters of the communication adapter 28 in order to enable reliable communication during the intended operation of the charging station 10. Reference is also made to the above explanations regarding the possible communication parameters of the communication adapter 28. The charging cable 18 thus also provides an interface that can be connected to the calibration device 56 in order to make the desired settings of the communication parameters.

[0102] As soon as the calibration device 56 is electrically coupled to the charging connection cable 18 and thus also to the communication adapter 28, the authentication data is transmitted from the control unit 58 to the communication adapter 28.

[0103] Once the authentication data has been received and verified by communication adapter 28, communication adapter 28 sends a predefined data telegram 44, as already described above. FIG 2 As has been explained, the calibration device 56, in particular the control unit 58, receives the communication signal, evaluates the communication signal with regard to the relevant communication parameters, and then determines signal parameters from this. The determined signal parameters are then transmitted by the calibration device 56 to the communication adapter 28.

[0104] The communication adapter 28 receives the signal parameters and adjusts its corresponding communication parameters based on these parameters. The authentication data has already been evaluated at this point. Alternatively, the data telegram 44 can be sent by the communication adapter 28 before the calibration device 56 is authenticated. In this case, the authentication of the calibration device 56 should preferably be performed or verified before the communication adapter 28 adjusts its communication parameters, and the adjustment should then be based on the evaluation of the calibration device 56's authentication data. Of course, other variations of this are also possible.

[0105] To evaluate the signal parameters, the communication adapter 28 provides for the determination of values ​​for the communication parameters. In this configuration, the calibration device 56 essentially requires a receiving unit that allows it to determine the corresponding signal parameters from the data telegram 46, so that the communication adapter 28 can determine the desired values ​​for the communication parameters from the signal parameters. A transmitting unit is also included so that the signal parameters can be transmitted from the calibration device 56 to the communication adapter 28.

[0106] The communication parameters of the communication adapter 28 are set automatically as soon as the calibration device 56 is authenticated. Therefore, no further user input is required, for example from maintenance personnel or the like.

[0107] Furthermore, the calibration device 56 can be used to monitor whether the communication adapter 28 has set the communication parameters as specified. For this purpose, the calibration device 56 can send a query signal to the communication adapter 28, which receives and evaluates the query signal and transmits the currently set communication parameters back to the calibration device 56. The control unit 58 of the calibration device 56 can then compare the received set values ​​of the communication parameters with values ​​for the communication parameters that the control unit 58 itself has determined based on the signal parameters. This allows the setting functionality of the communication adapter 28 to be monitored.

[0108] Finally, according to another aspect, the calibration device 56 can evaluate the data telegram 44 and determine values ​​for the communication parameters from it. Therefore, no signal parameter needs to be transmitted to the communication adapter at this point, and the communication adapter 28 does not need to determine values ​​for the communication parameters itself from these signal parameters. Instead, the values ​​for the communication parameters are determined by the control unit 58 of the calibration device 56 and, unlike in the previous configuration, transmitted directly to the communication adapter 58.The communication adapter 58 receives the values ​​for the communication parameters and adjusts its communication parameters according to the values ​​transmitted by the calibration device 56 as soon as authentication has been verified using the authentication data transmitted by the calibration device 56 to the communication adapter 28. Monitoring functionality as previously described may also be provided here.

[0109] Of course, the invention is not limited to realizing a wired communication connection via the electrical lines 24, 26 of the charging connection cable 18. It can, of course, be applied equally when communication takes place using a pilot line of the charging connection cable 18.

[0110] Furthermore, it is of course possible for the calibration device 56 to be formed integrally with the charging connection unit 32 of the motor vehicle 12. In such a configuration, it is then possible for an adjustment procedure according to the invention to be carried out as soon as the motor vehicle 12 is connected to the charging station 10. In particular, it can be provided that the charging process does not yet take place during the adjustment procedure according to the invention. This configuration is therefore particularly suitable for the initial commissioning of a newly installed charging station 10.

[0111] The description serves solely to explain the invention and is not intended to limit it.

Claims

1. Method for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module (28) of a charging station (10) which is arranged in a stationary or fixed manner and is designed to be coupled in an energy-related manner to electrical devices, in particular electrically drivable motor vehicles, wherein the energy-related coupling is in the form of wired energy-related coupling, wherein the method is used for communication via a wired interface (18) of the charging station (10), characterized by: - a calibration device (56) which is in the form of a portable unit that can be transported to the charging station (10) by service personnel being coupled to the wired interface (18), - authentication data being transmitted from the calibration device (56) to the communication module (28), - a value for the at least one communication parameter being transmitted from the calibration device (56) to the communication module (28), and - the at least one communication parameter being set by the communication module (28) on the basis of an evaluation of the authentication data by the communication module (28) according to the transmitted value.

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the calibration device (56) receives a communication signal from the communication module (28) and determines the value for the at least one communication parameter on the basis of the received communication signal.

3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the communication signal comprises at least one data message (44) and the value is determined on the basis of the at least one data message (44).

4. Method for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module (28) of a charging station (10) which is arranged in a stationary or fixed manner and is designed to be coupled in an energy-related manner to electrical devices, in particular electrically drivable motor vehicles, wherein the energy-related coupling is in the form of wired energy-related coupling, wherein the method is used for communication via a wired interface (18) of the charging station (10), characterized by: - a calibration device (56) which is in the form of a portable unit that can be transported to the charging station (10) by service personnel being coupled to the wired interface (18), - authentication data being transmitted from the calibration device (56) to the communication module (28), - a communication signal from the communication module (28) being received and evaluated by the calibration device (56) in order to determine at least one signal parameter on the basis of the received communication signal, - the at least one signal parameter being transmitted from the calibration device (56) to the communication module (28), and - the communication module (28) setting the at least one communication parameter on the basis of the at least one signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data.

5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the communication signal comprises at least one data message (44) and the signal parameter is determined on the basis of the at least one data message (44).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the value and / or a change of the value of the at least one communication parameter is / are transmitted to a control centre.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one communication parameter is set in an automated manner if the calibration device (56) has been authenticated.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting of the at least one communication parameter is monitored by the calibration device (56).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling of the calibration device (56) to the interface (18) is locked.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interface (18) is at least partially provided by a charging cable of the charging station (10) and / or the calibration device (56) is at least partially provided by a charging connector.

11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that wired communication is at least partially effected via at least two electrical lines (24, 26) of the charging cable (18), which are at least partially also used to provide a charging voltage of the charging station (10), and / or a pilot line of the charging cable.

12. Calibration device (56) for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module (28) of a charging station (10) which is arranged in a stationary or fixed manner and is designed to be coupled in an energy-related manner to electrical devices, in particular electrically drivable motor vehicles, wherein the energy-related coupling is in the form of wired energy-related coupling, wherein the calibration device (56) is used for communication via a wired interface (18) of the charging station (10), wherein the calibration device (56) is designed: - to be transportable to the charging station (10) by service personnel and portable, - to be coupled to the interface (18), - to transmit authentication data to the communication module (28), and - to transmit a value for the at least one communication parameter to the communication module (28) so that the communication module (28) sets the at least one communication parameter on the basis of the transmitted value and an evaluation of the authentication data by the communication module (28).

13. Calibration device (56) for setting at least one communication parameter of a communication module (28) of a charging station (10) which is arranged in a stationary or fixed manner and is designed to be coupled in an energy-related manner to electrical devices, in particular electrically drivable motor vehicles, wherein the energy-related coupling is in the form of wired energy-related coupling, wherein the calibration device (56) is used for communication via a wired interface (18) of the charging station (10), wherein the calibration device (56) is designed: - to be transportable to the charging station (10) by service personnel and portable, - to be coupled to the wired interface (18), - to transmit authentication data to the communication module (28), - to receive and evaluate a communication signal from the communication module (28) in order to determine at least one signal parameter on the basis of the received communication signal, and - to transmit the at least one signal parameter to the communication module (28) so that the communication module (28) sets the at least one communication parameter on the basis of the at least one signal parameter and an evaluation of the authentication data.

14. System, comprising: - a calibration device (56) according to either of Patent Claims 12 and 13; and - a charging station (10) having a charging connection (14, 18) for providing electrical energy, wherein the charging station (10) is arranged in a stationary or fixed manner and is designed to be coupled in an energy-related manner to electrical devices, in particular electrically drivable motor vehicles, wherein the energy-related coupling is in the form of wired energy-related coupling, and having an energy converter (22) which can be controlled by means of a control unit (16) and is electrically coupled to the charging connection (14, 18), and a communication module (28) which is coupled to the control unit (16) using communication technology and is used for communication via a wired interface (18) of the charging station (10) using at least one communication parameter; characterized in that the communication module (28) and the calibration device (56) are configured to carry out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 11.