PRESS FOR GOODS

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement with a press for goods, in particular for solids.

[0002] DE 10 2012 103 959 B4 discloses a pressing device for solids that can be coupled to a container.

[0003] Further pressing devices are known from DE 41 05 138 A1, EP 0 813 953 A1, FR 1 421 327 A, and DE 298 00 088 U1. Channel presses are known from DE 42 15 578 A1 and EP 1 717 016 A2. Document DE 4215578 A1 discloses an arrangement having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to improve the pressing of goods, in particular to make the pressing process more efficient and reliable.

[0005] This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement having the features specified in claim 1.

[0006] According to the invention, it was recognized that the pressing of goods, in particular solids, in particular waste and in particular metal waste, is improved when a press has a movable shearing blade that interacts with a stationary shearing unit. The shearing unit is arranged at a press opening of a press trough. Stationary means that the shearing unit is firmly connected to the press trough. The shearing blade is arranged immovably relative to the press trough. The shearing unit ensures defined and stable shearing conditions. The shearing unit has at least one cutting plate. An axially movable press ram is arranged in the press trough. The shearing blade is arranged on the movable press ram. The shearing blade has at least one cutting edge.The relative movement of the press ram in the press trough, in particular of the shearing knife past the shearing unit, ensures reliable and effective shearing of the goods arranged in an edge area of ​​the press trough.

[0007] The shearing blade is designed to be wear-resistant. In particular, the shearing unit, in particular the at least one cutting plate, is designed to be wear-resistant. In particular, the shearing blade, the shearing unit and / or the at least one cutting plate comprises a material which has a strength, in particular a tensile strength R m, which is greater than the tensile strength R m of general structural steel with the material number 1.0038 and / or 1.0114 and / or 1.0117. This general structural steel also has the material designation S235. In particular, the tensile strength R m of the material used is at least 350 N / mm 2< , in particular at least 380 N / mm 2< , in particular at least 400 N / mm 2< , in particular at least 450 N / mm 2< , in particular at least 480 N / mm 2< , in particular at least 500 N / mm 2< and in particular at least 550 N / mm 2< .

[0008] Fine-grain structural steel is used in particular as the material. Compared to general structural steel, fine-grain structural steel has a higher yield strength R p and a higher tensile strength R m. The maximum carbon content in fine-grain construction steels is in particular less than 0.2%. The fine grain in the metallurgical structure of fine-grain structural steels is achieved by alloying elements whose nitrides and carbides only dissolve at higher temperatures. A fine-grain structural steel, for example, has a tensile strength R m of at least 1,000 N / mm 2< , in particular of at least 1,200 N / mm 2< , in particular of at least 1,400 N / mm 2< , in particular of at least 1,600 N / mm 2< and in particular of up to 1,700 N / mm 2< .

[0009] Additionally or alternatively, the material used can have a Brinell hardness of at least 370 HBB, in particular at least 380 HBB, in particular at least 390 HBB, and in particular at least 400 HBB. Such a material is, for example, a wear plate with extreme abrasion resistance and a hardness of 370 HBB to 430 HBB. Such a material is known under the trademarked designation Hardox ® or Domex ®.

[0010] In particular, the press according to the invention enables a pulling cut of upwardly protruding waste residues. This improves the cutting conditions, especially the shearing conditions. The force required by the press ram is reduced. A drive that can be driven by the press ram can be smaller. The service life of the press is increased.

[0011] A cutting gap formed between the shearing unit and the shearing blade ensures trouble-free operation of the press. The cutting gap is in particular at least 2 mm, in particular at least 3 mm, in particular at most 5 mm, and in particular between 3 mm and 4 mm. It has been found that a sufficiently large cutting gap prevents material from accidentally becoming trapped and causing undesirable splitting forces. Splitting forces are understood to be the forces that act as reaction forces on the press ram when waste residue is clamped between the movable press ram and the press housing. The cutting gap relieves and protects the press. The service life of the press and in particular the press ram is increased.

[0012] An arrangement comprises a press and a container that can be coupled to the press and has a container opening that can be aligned with the press opening. It is particularly advantageous if, in the coupled arrangement of the press and the container, the press ram can be moved through the press opening and the container opening.

[0013] The design of the at least one cutting plate, which is detachably attached to the frame support of the press trough by means of a screw connection, simplifies its replacement. In particular, the at least one cutting plate is detachably attached to the press opening by means of a screw connection. The at least one cutting plate is designed to be replaceable. The at least one cutting plate is designed as an interchangeable cutting plate.

[0014] An embodiment of the at least one cutting plate according to claim 2 enables uncomplicated production of the cutting plates. The manufacturing effort and thus the costs for providing the cutting plate are reduced. Resharpening of the cutting plates is eliminated. The at least one cutting plate is designed to be low-maintenance. Press downtimes due to maintenance work are reduced. The press's utilization rate is increased.

[0015] An embodiment of the at least one cutting insert according to claim 3 enables a particularly advantageous shearing process. The at least one cutting insert has a wave contour, in particular a W-shape. In particular, the two adjacent flanks of the wave contour are arranged at an angle of 60° to each other.

[0016] Multiple cutting plates according to claim 4 enable a modular design of the shearing unit. In particular, the cutting plates are arranged next to one another in a transverse direction, which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the axial direction of the press ram. The width of the shearing unit along the transverse direction can be flexibly changed by changing the number of cutting plates. If the cutting plates are each designed identically, the manufacturing effort for the press is reduced, since the shearing unit comprises several identical parts. Because the individual cutting plates are smaller than the entire shearing unit, the smaller cutting plates can be manufactured with greater strength than a one-piece shearing unit. This extends the service life of the shearing unit, which comprises several cutting plates.

[0017] A press according to claim 5 enables a particularly advantageous shearing process because it requires reduced force. It has been found that the at least one cutting edge of the shearing blade is designed to be straight, in particular non-waved. A shearing blade according to claim 6 simplifies its replacement.

[0018] A shearing blade with two cutting edges according to claim 7 enables advantageous cutting conditions when shearing the materials. The two cutting edges of the shearing blade are each arranged relative to the longitudinal axis and, in particular, mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the press trough. The two cutting edges are arranged in a V-shape. The interaction of the V-shaped cutting edges of the shearing blade with the cutting plates of the shearing unit advantageously minimizes the contact area in the interaction zone between the shearing blade and the shearing unit. The surface pressure on the materials to be sheared is increased. The shearing result is improved.

[0019] Both the features specified in the patent claims and the features specified in the following embodiment of the press according to the invention are suitable, either individually or in combination with one another, for further developing the subject matter of the invention. The respective combinations of features do not represent any limitation with regard to further developments of the subject matter of the invention, but are essentially merely exemplary in nature.

[0020] Additional features, advantageous embodiments, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an arrangement according to the invention with a press and with a container coupled to the press; Fig. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of detail II in Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 a perspective detail view of detail II in Fig. 1 ; and Fig. 4 a perspective view of a press ram of the press in Fig. 1 .

[0021] One in Fig. 1 The arrangement marked as a whole with 1 serves for pressing and storing goods, in particular solid materials, in particular in the form of waste, in particular metal waste, in particular steel scrap.

[0022] Arrangement 1 includes a Fig. 1 Press 2, shown on the right, is mounted on a movable press roll-off frame 3. The press 2 can be easily transported by means of the press roll-off frame 3 using a transport vehicle, in particular a transport truck. The press 2 is suitable for mobile use. For this purpose, the press has units arranged, in particular, on the press roll-off frame 3, which enable autonomous operation of the press.

[0023] The press has a power source 33 for supplying the press 2 with electrical power. The power source 33 can be connected to a power grid via an electrical line. Additionally or alternatively, the power source 33 can comprise an emergency power generator.

[0024] The arrangement 1 further comprises a container 4 which is coupled to the press 2. The arrangement 1 is according to Fig. 1 shown in a coupled state. The container 4 can be coupled to the press 2, in particular detachably. Coupling the press 2 and container 4 is quick and easy. The container 4 serves to receive and store the goods pressed in the press 2. The container 4 is arranged on a container roll-off frame 5. The container roll-off frame 5 is essentially identical to the press roll-off frame 3. Accordingly, the container 4 is suitable for mobile use and can be transported, in particular, by means of a transport vehicle.

[0025] The assembly 1 comprises a rolling substructure 6 on which the press 2 and the container 4 are placed. The rolling substructure 6 forms a defined and stable base for the assembly 1. Complex preparation of the ground for the placement of the assembly 1 is unnecessary. The assembly 1 is designed to be mobile. The rolling substructure comprises a first rolling substructure element 7 and a second rolling substructure element 8, which are articulated to one another by means of a rolling substructure joint 9 around a rolling substructure joint axis 10. According to Fig. 1 The roll-off substructure 6 is in an unfolded state. The pivot angle between the two roll-off substructure elements 7, 8 with respect to the roll-off substructure joint axis 10 is 180°.

[0026] The roll-off substructure 6 can be relocated into a folded transport state by pivoting the second roll-off substructure element 8 counterclockwise by 90° relative to the roll-off substructure articulation axis 10 relative to the first roll-off substructure element 7. In the transport state, the roll-off substructure 6 is arranged in an L-shaped configuration. In the transport state, the roll-off substructure 6 essentially corresponds to the press roll-off frame 3 and / or the container roll-off frame 5. In the transport state, the roll-off substructure 6 can be used as a roll-off frame.

[0027] The press 2 has a press trough 11 with a longitudinal axis 12 and a press opening 13. The press opening 13 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12. The press opening 13 is arranged on an end face of the press trough 11 facing the container 4.

[0028] A press ram 14 is arranged in the press trough itself, movable along the longitudinal axis 12. The press ram 14 is moved by means of a press ram cylinder 34. The press ram cylinder 34 is designed as a hydraulic cylinder and is connected to a hydraulic unit 35 for supplying hydraulic oil.

[0029] The press 2 further comprises a waste slide 36. The waste slide 36 comprises a slide cylinder 37 with a slide plate 38 attached thereto. The slide cylinder 37 is designed as a hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the hydraulic unit 35.

[0030] The press ram 14 is essentially designed as a hollow box. The hollow box 30 has a cuboid-shaped contour. On its front side, which faces the press opening 13, a shearing blade 28 is arranged on the press ram 14, in particular, screwed to the hollow box 30 by means of several connecting screws 29.

[0031] The shearing blade 28 has two cutting edges 31 arranged transversely relative to the longitudinal axis 12. According to the illustrated embodiment, the two cutting edges 31 are linear and arranged at an inclination angle n relative to the longitudinal axis 12. The inclination angle n is in particular at least 75°, in particular at least 80°, in particular at least 85°, in particular at least 88°, and in particular less than 90°. The cutting edges 31 are arranged in a V-shape.

[0032] The container 4 has a container opening 15. In the coupled arrangement of the press 2 with the container 4, the press opening 13 and the container opening 15 are aligned. The interior spaces of the press trough 11 and the container 4 are connected to each other through the aligned openings 13, 15.

[0033] A container lid 39 can be arranged in a lockable manner in the container opening 15. The container lid 39 can be unlocked and detached from the container opening 15 and, in particular, coupled to the press ram 14. For this purpose, the press ram 14 has several, in particular four, fastening clamps 41 on a front end face 40 of the hollow box 30. The fastening clamps 41 are each fixedly arranged on the front end face 40. The fastening clamps 41 each have a C-shaped opening into which a locking rod 42 can be axially inserted. The locking rods 42 are each arranged on the container lid 39 so as to be transversely displaceable with respect to the longitudinal axis 12. It is advantageous that the locking rods 42 are driven directly and immediately. A complex rotary lever mechanism, as known from DE 10 2012 103 959 B4, is unnecessary. This simplifies the construction.

[0034] The following are based on Fig. 2 and 3 Details of Press 2 explained in more detail.

[0035] A shearing unit 16 is attached to the press trough 11 in the area of ​​the press opening 13. The shearing unit 16 is fixedly arranged in the press trough 11.

[0036] The shearing unit 16 comprises a plurality of cutting plates 17 arranged next to one another along a transverse direction 18. The transverse direction 18 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 12. The transverse direction 18 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to Fig. 2 oriented.

[0037] The cutting plates 17 each form a segment of the shearing unit 16. The cutting plates 17 have a wave contour facing the press trough 11. The cutting plates 17 have shearing edges 19 arranged protruding in the direction of the press trough 11. The shearing edges 19 are arranged, in particular, at the wave crests of the wave contour facing the press trough 11. The shearing edges 19 extend in a direction perpendicular to a plane spanned by the longitudinal axis 12 and the transverse direction 18. The shearing edges 19 are, in particular, oriented vertically.

[0038] Above the shearing edges 19, the cutting plates 17 have bevels 20. The bevels 20 prevent the material fed into the press 2 from above from getting caught on the protruding edges of the cutting plates 17, in particular on the shearing edges 19.

[0039] The cutting plates 17 are detachably attached to the press trough 11, in particular by screw connections. The cutting plates are each fastened to a frame support 23 of the press trough 11 with two fastening screws 21 and corresponding retaining nuts 22. The frame support 23 is designed as an I-beam. The cutting plates are attached in the base area of ​​the I-beam, which is designed in particular as a base plate. The cutting plates 17 are held reliably and stably to the press trough 11.

[0040] Additionally, the cutting plates 17 are connected to each other by means of a crossbar 24 arranged parallel to the frame support 23. Two fastening screws 21 are used for this purpose for each cutting plate 17, with the fastening screws 21 each being held by a retaining nut 22. The crossbar 24 serves to additionally secure the cutting plates 17 to increase the stability of the fastening. The crossbar 24 complements the fastening to the I-beam.

[0041] Above the cutting plates 17, a diaphragm 25 in the form of a transverse plate is arranged, which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis 12. The diaphragm 25 is shown in Fig. 3 Not shown, as it would otherwise obscure details of the cutting plates 17 and their fastening. The cover 25 is held by a retaining bar 26 located behind it. Specifically, it is screwed to the retaining bar 26. The retaining bar is supported axially on the frame support 23 by several axial webs 27.

[0042] According to the illustrations in Fig. 2 and 3 the press ram 14 has already passed under the shearing unit 16 and is in particular already arranged within the container 4.

[0043] A cutting gap 32 is formed between the shearing unit 16, in particular the respective underside of the cutting plates 17, and the shearing blade 28. Due to the robust and precise construction of the press trough 11 on the one hand and the press ram 14 on the other, the resulting cutting gap 32 can be set very small. In particular, the cutting gap 32 is a maximum of 5 mm, but a minimum of 3 mm.

[0044] A cavity 43 is formed along the longitudinal axis 12 behind the cutting gap 32. The cavity 43 is vertically delimited upwards by the frame support 23 and downwards by the shearing blade 28 of the press ram 14. The cavity 43 faces the press opening 13. When material to be pressed enters the cutting gap 32 and is conveyed towards the press opening 13 as a result of the pressing movement along the cutting gap 32, the cavity 43 offers the possibility of dissipating splitting forces when the material to be pressed reaches the cavity 43. Due to the gap height Hs, which is significantly greater than the cutting gap 32, undesirably large splitting forces are avoided.

Claims

1. Arrangement for pressing and storing goods, comprising a press (2) for goods having a. a press trough (11) with a press opening (13) on which is arranged a shearing unit (16) having at least one cutting plate (17), b. a press ram (14) which is displaceable in the press trough (11) along a longitudinal axis (12) and which comprises a shearing blade (28) having at least one cutting edge (31), wherein a cutting gap (32) is formed between the shearing unit (16) and the shearing blade (28), behind which cutting gap a cavity (43) is formed along the longitudinal axis (12), wherein the cavity (43) is delimited vertically at the top by a frame carrier (23) and at the bottom by the shearing blade (28) of the press ram (14), characterized in that - the cavity (43) faces towards the press opening (13), - the arrangement comprises a container (4), which can be coupled to the press (2) and which has a container opening (15), - in an arrangement with the press (2) coupled to the container (4), the press ram (14) is displaceable through the container opening (15) into the container (4), wherein - the at least one cutting plate (17) is fastened releasably to the frame carrier (23) of the press trough (11) by means of a screw connection.

2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one cutting plate (17) is unsharpened.

3. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one cutting plate (17) has a wave contour, in particular a W-shape.

4. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of cutting plates (17) are provided, which in particular are of identical design.

5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one cutting edge (31) is rectilinear, in particular non-corrugated.

6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shearing blade (28) is fastened releasably to the press ram (14), in particular by means of a screw connection.

7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shearing blade (28) has two cutting edges (31), which are arranged in a V-shape.