PHOTOVOLTAIC COMPONENT

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to a photovoltaic component.

[0002] The invention also relates to buildings and devices comprising a photovoltaic component and to uses of the photovoltaic component. background

[0003] Photovoltaics is the conversion of light energy, usually from sunlight, into electrical energy using solar cells or photovoltaic cells.

[0004] Concentrator photovoltaics uses lenses and / or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto photovoltaic cells. This allows for a reduction in cell size. Energy conversion is typically performed by a special high-performance solar cell, particularly high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells made of, for example, III-V semiconductor materials.

[0005] Concentrator photovoltaic systems are categorized by their solar concentration, measured in "suns." A distinction is made between low-concentration systems, medium-concentration systems, and high-concentration systems.

[0006] Increasing concentration generally also increases the complexity of the system. In particular, the demands on cooling and optics increase.

[0007] Low-concentration systems often have a simple booster reflector, which can sometimes increase solar electrical output by more than 30% compared to non-concentrator systems.

[0008] High-concentration systems, on the other hand, use more complex optical systems. These may consist, for example, of a Fresnel lens as the primary optic and a reflector as the secondary optic.

[0009] For large-area applications, solar mats are also known, which can be flexibly attached to various surfaces of buildings or devices. However, such solar mats, for example, based on cadmium telluride or CIGS, have limited efficiency.

[0010] Overall, it remains a challenge to integrate photovoltaic systems, especially concentrator photovoltaic systems, into buildings or devices in an efficient manner and with high efficiency and to generate high solar power.

[0011] US 2017 / 200848 A1 shows a high-concentration photovoltaic device with a Fresnel lens and a mirror behind the Fresnel lens, facing the Fresnel lens. Furthermore, a secondary lens forms a unit with the Fresnel lens and faces the mirror. Two optical elements form a Köhler integrator between a distant source in front of the device and a photovoltaic cell as the target.

[0012] US 2015 / 256124 A1 describes a method and apparatus for calibrating a reflector in a solar system. US 2015 / 256124 A1 and US 2014 / 261631 A1 disclose further high-concentration photovoltaic devices. Description of the invention

[0013] It is therefore an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic component which avoids disadvantages of the known.

[0014] A further object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic component which enables improved utilization of solar energy, in particular in a cost-effective and efficient manner and with advantageous efficiency.

[0015] A first aspect of the invention relates to a photovoltaic component according to claim 1.

[0016] Accordingly, the photovoltaic component has an outer pane and an inner pane. An energy-generating layer with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The concentrator photovoltaic modules have a condenser optic as the primary optic, a semi-transparent deflection optic as the secondary optic, and a photovoltaic chip integrated into a surface-mountable housing. The surface-mountable housing has a transparent cover and an integrated reflector as the tertiary optic. The condenser optic is arranged between the outer pane and the photovoltaic chip, while the semi-transparent deflection optic is arranged between the photovoltaic chip and the inner pane. The transparent cover and an entrance opening of the integrated reflector arranged beneath the transparent cover face the inner pane.

[0017] Such a photovoltaic component can be manufactured efficiently and reliably. Furthermore, by integrating the energy-generating layer between the outer and inner panes, a long service life and reliability of the energy-generating layer can be achieved. The inner and outer panes thus protect the energy-generating layer from environmental influences.

[0018] According to embodiments of the invention, concentrator photovoltaic modules are integrated into the photovoltaic component. This enables high efficiency, particularly compared to solar films made of, for example, cadmium telluride.

[0019] The integration of the photovoltaic chip into a surface-mount package enables efficient (pre-)production of the photovoltaic chip in very large quantities. At the same time, a reflector is already integrated into the chip package. Such surface-mount modules, also known as SMD modules (Surface Mounted Device), can be assembled and processed in a particularly efficient and automated manner. In particular, the surface-mount packages with the integrated photovoltaic chips and integrated reflectors can be efficiently applied to the respective carrier material of the respective application, e.g., a carrier film, using reflow soldering.

[0020] According to embodiments of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules have a three-stage optics. This allows for increased efficiency.

[0021] The condenser optics are configured to focus or concentrate sunlight entering through the outer pane onto one or more deflection areas of the deflection optics. The deflection optics then redirects the focused or collected light into the integrated reflector, which in turn concentrates the sunlight deflected by the deflection device onto the photovoltaic chip.

[0022] According to embodiments, the deflection optics are arranged between the inner pane and the surface-mountable housing containing the photovoltaic chip, and the transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing faces the inner pane, or in other words, is directed downwards or is arranged on the side facing away from the sun. An inlet opening for the integrated reflector is provided beneath the transparent cover. The reflector concentrates or collects the deflected sunlight and directs it through an outlet opening onto the photovoltaic chip.

[0023] Here, the terms “below” and “above” refer to the sun or the path of the incoming sunlight.

[0024] According to embodiments, at least one of the one or more deflection regions is arranged laterally offset from the surface-mountable housing. This makes it possible to guide the incident sunlight past the surface-mountable housing to the deflection device and then redirect it back onto the transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing. This can increase the efficiency.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the invention, the deflection device is configured to perform a multi-stage deflection of the sunlight into the integrated reflector. In other words, the light is not deflected directly from the first deflection area onto which the light focused by the condenser optics falls. Instead, one or more further deflections follow via the deflection device before the deflected light is guided through the transparent cover into the integrated reflector.

[0026] The one or more deflection regions can be designed, in particular, as reflective surfaces. The reflective surfaces can, for example, be reflective coatings of the deflection device. According to embodiments, the reflective surfaces can be designed as mirrored surfaces.

[0027] Depending on the design, total reflection can be used to redirect the light.

[0028] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the deflection device can also comprise an optical waveguide. This can be designed, in particular, to receive the light reflected by a first deflection device and forward it to the integrated reflector. Total internal reflection can be utilized at the interfaces of the optical waveguide.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a light transmittance of more than 50%, in particular more than 75%. This expands the application areas of the photovoltaic component. In particular, the photovoltaic component can be used, for example, as a window or for other applications in which the area behind or below the inner pane should or must be supplied with sunlight. The light transmittance or transparency refers in particular to the spectral range visible to the human eye.

[0030] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the deflection region(s) of the deflection optics cover a maximum of 20%, in particular a maximum of 15%, of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the photovoltaic component. In particular, if the deflection regions are designed as reflective, in particular mirror-like, and thus opaque or largely opaque surfaces, this can ensure that the photovoltaic component is still partially transparent.

[0031] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the condenser optics of the concentrator photovoltaic modules comprise a plurality of condenser lenses arranged side by side. According to embodiments of the invention, the condenser lenses are arranged, in particular, rotationally symmetrically to a central axis of the concentrator photovoltaic module. Such a module makes it possible to focus the sunlight on different areas of the deflection device. This enables additional advantageous designs of the photovoltaic component.

[0032] According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least one of the condenser lenses is arranged at an angle, in particular a fifth angle, relative to a horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component. This enables increased light yield and thus increased efficiency. In particular, with such an embodiment of the invention, it is possible to align the at least two condenser lenses differently with respect to elevation, thus providing a condenser lens aligned for different positions of the sun.

[0033] It should be noted that the term "horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component" refers to the base area of ​​the component and should therefore run parallel to the inner and outer panes. The term "horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component" therefore does not necessarily refer to the specific installation situation of the photovoltaic component. For example, if the photovoltaic component is installed vertically, e.g., as a window in a building, the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component can run perpendicular to the floor of the building.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the photovoltaic component comprises a first condenser lens, which is arranged at a fifth angle to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component, and a second condenser lens, which is arranged in or parallel to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component. In such an embodiment, the first condenser lens is particularly designed to optimally capture and focus the sunlight in the morning and afternoon, and the second condenser lens is particularly designed to optimally capture and focus the sunlight at midday (at the highest point of the sun).

[0035] The outer pane and the inner pane preferably have a high transmission.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the invention, the outer pane and / or the inner pane can be made of glass and thus be designed as a glass component. According to another embodiment of the invention, the outer pane and / or the inner pane can be made of a plastic and thus be designed as a plastic component.

[0037] According to embodiments of the invention, a pane generally refers to flat, particularly layered elements that are particularly transparent or partially transparent. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane can thus also be referred to as a layer, particularly as a transparent or partially transparent layer. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane can have a wide variety of geometries adapted to the respective installation position. According to embodiments, a pane can be designed, in particular, to be rectangular or square. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane is designed, in particular, to be rigid or stiff.

[0038] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing has a recess forming a receiving trough with a recessed bottom section for receiving the photovoltaic chip, wherein the receiving trough has side walls with reflective areas that form the reflector.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the receiving trough has side walls with at least a first and a second reflective region, wherein the first reflective region is oriented at a first angle relative to a horizontal plane of the housing and the second reflective region is oriented at a second angle relative to the horizontal plane of the housing. The first angle is different from the second angle.

[0040] A concentrator photovoltaic module designed in this way allows the two different angles of the first reflective region and the second reflective region to be individually selected and adapted to the respective external conditions, in particular the respective orientation of the surfaces intended for installation and the respective sun exposure of the surfaces intended for installation. The first and second reflective regions form reflective surfaces that receive sunlight via the transparent cover, reflect it, and transmit it toward the photovoltaic chip or concentrate it onto the photovoltaic chip. Thus, the at least two reflective regions of the receptacle form a reflector.

[0041] It should be noted that the term "horizontal plane of the enclosure" refers to the base area or floor area of ​​the enclosure and, in particular, should run parallel to the floor area of ​​the enclosure. The term "horizontal plane of the enclosure" therefore does not necessarily refer to the specific installation situation of the enclosure. For example, if the enclosure is installed vertically in a building, the horizontal plane of the enclosure may run perpendicular to the floor of the building.

[0042] According to embodiments of the invention, the angles of the various reflection areas can thus be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in the building. In particular, the angles of the reflection areas can be adjusted with respect to elevation and / or azimuth.

[0043] Due to the different angles of the first reflecting area and the second reflecting area, the concentration or reflection effect and the efficiency of the concentrator photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic component can be increased in a simple, cost-effective and efficient manner.

[0044] The transparent cover of the surface-mountable housing is preferably made of glass, in particular thin glass, e.g., Gorilla® glass or ultra-thin glass. According to another embodiment, the transparent cover can be made of plastic. According to preferred embodiments, the transparent or translucent cover allows sunlight to pass into the reflector of the receptacle as unhindered as possible and is therefore designed as a flat surface. In cross-section, the transparent cover is, in particular, rectangular, with the thickness of the cover being selected to be as small as possible, for example, 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

[0045] According to further embodiments, the transparent cover can also have a concave or convex shape and thus redirect and / or focus the sunlight.

[0046] According to embodiments, the photovoltaic chip can be designed as a single-junction or multi-junction solar cell, in particular as a triple-junction or quadruple-junction solar cell. According to particularly preferred embodiments, the photovoltaic chip is a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material, e.g., gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium antimonide (GaSb). The photovoltaic chip is designed, in particular, as a photovoltaic DIE, i.e., an unpackaged piece of a semiconductor wafer.

[0047] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a contact layer with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules or the photovoltaic chip. The contact layer represents a circuit board or a carrier for the concentrator photovoltaic modules. The contact layer can be formed, in particular, as a coating on the pane or as a flexible film.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the condenser lenses are integrated into a plastic material, in particular into a transparent plastic material.

[0049] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the energy-generating layer is integrated between the outer and inner panes by means of an outer and an inner composite layer made of plastic. The composite layer can advantageously be a plastic film, in particular made of PVB or EVA, or another plastic, e.g., PU or an acrylate or another plastic resin.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the individual components of the photovoltaic component, in particular the surface-mountable housing, the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the contact layer, are transparent or largely transparent.

[0051] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-absorbing foil is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can, for example, reduce the heating of the building's interior.

[0052] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-dissipating foil is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can also reduce the heating of the building interior as well as the heating of the photovoltaic component.

[0053] The heat-absorbing film and / or the heat-dissipating film can be arranged in particular under the inner pane or between the inner pane and the energy-generating layer.

[0054] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the contact layer is designed as a heat-dissipating layer or foil. In this case, the metallic conductor tracks can be used for heat dissipation.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic chip is arranged asymmetrically with respect to at least one vertical plane of symmetry of the housing. Such an asymmetric arrangement of the photovoltaic chip in the housing allows different angles of the first and second reflecting regions to be realized particularly efficiently and in a space-saving manner within the housing.

[0056] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first and second reflective regions are opposite each other with respect to a first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip. In other words, the first and second reflective regions are arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic chip.

[0057] Such an embodiment with opposing reflecting surfaces at different angles enables an improved concentration of sunlight onto the photovoltaic chip, in particular for sunlight that is not incident parallel to the first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first angle and the second angle differ from each other by at least 10°, in particular by at least 20°.

[0059] Such different angles are particularly advantageous when the solar radiation is not perpendicular or symmetrical with respect to the perpendicular to the concentrator photovoltaic module. In such circumstances, such different angles enable an improved optical concentrating effect of the reflector.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first reflective region and the second reflective region are formed as a reflective coating of the receiving trough. Such a coating can be applied, for example, to a base body of the surface-mountable housing using a corresponding coating method.

[0061] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first reflective region and the second reflective region are formed as a reflective film.

[0062] Such a reflective foil, e.g. a metal foil, can be applied to the plastic base body, e.g. by means of a corresponding adhesive process, according to embodiments.

[0063] According to further embodiments of the invention, the receiving tray has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective region. The third reflective region is oriented at a third angle relative to the horizontal plane of the housing, and the fourth reflective region is oriented at a fourth angle relative to the horizontal plane of the housing. According to further embodiments, the third angle is different from the fourth angle.

[0064] Such embodiments thus have four different reflection areas or reflection surfaces, each of which can be aligned at individual and different angles relative to the horizontal plane of the housing.

[0065] The up to four different angles of the reflector allow for a further improvement in the concentration or reflection effect of the light or solar radiation.

[0066] Accordingly, photovoltaic components according to embodiments of the invention can be manufactured both for vertical installation surfaces, e.g. for vertical windows, and thus installation surfaces unfavorably oriented towards solar radiation, and for almost horizontally arranged installation surfaces, such as roof surfaces.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the third angle and the fourth angle differ by at least 10°, in particular by at least 20°.

[0068] According to embodiments of the invention, the housing is protected against solid foreign bodies and liquids. According to embodiments, the housing has a degree of protection against solid foreign bodies of at least 5 according to the International Protection Code (IP Code) and a degree of protection against liquids of at least 5. A housing protected in this way ensures reliable and long-lasting operation even under adverse environmental conditions. In particular, the housing can be protected according to IP protection classes 65 to 68.

[0069] According to embodiments of the invention, the first reflective region, the second reflective region, the third reflective region and / or the fourth reflective region are each formed as a concave surface.

[0070] By means of such concave surfaces, the concentration effect of the reflecting areas for the light or solar radiation can be increased.

[0071] According to other embodiments of the invention, the first reflective region, the second reflective region, the third reflective region and / or the fourth reflective region are each formed as a flat surface.

[0072] This is particularly advantageous from a manufacturing perspective.

[0073] According to embodiments of the invention, the housing has an integrated bypass diode, in particular a Schottky diode. The bypass diode can be integrated, in particular, into the base body, which can be made of plastic. Such integration of the bypass diode into each individual housing achieves particularly high reliability. If a photovoltaic chip is defective or not fully functional, the current can be diverted via the bypass diode, and the functionality of the overall system is not, or only minimally, impaired.

[0074] A further aspect of the invention relates to a building or device comprising one or more photovoltaic components according to one of the preceding claims.

[0075] The device can, in particular, be a vehicle, e.g., an automobile, a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, or an aircraft. The device can also be a container or a greenhouse.

[0076] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a photovoltaic component according to the above embodiments for installation or attachment in or to a building, a vehicle, a container, a greenhouse and other devices.

[0077] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a photovoltaic component according to embodiments of the invention for installation on agricultural land. Short description of the drawings

[0078] Further embodiments, advantages, and applications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description with reference to the figures. These show: FIG. 1a a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 1b a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the invention with a multi-stage deflection or reflection; FIG. 4 a concentrator photovoltaic module with several condenser lenses; FIG. 5 a further cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 6a a top view of a condenser optics according to the Figures 1a, 1b, 2 and 3 ; FIG. 6b a plan view of a condenser optics 40 according to the Figure 4 ; FIG. 6c a top view of a condenser optics according to the Figure 5 ; FIG. 7 a cross-sectional view of a surface-mount package according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 8a a cross-sectional view of a surface mount package in an xz plane; FIG. 8b a cross-sectional view of the housing in a yz plane; FIG. 8c a top view of the housing in the xy plane; FIG. 9 a cross-sectional view of a surface-mount package with electrical contacts; Fig. 10a a photovoltaic component for predominantly horizontal installation in a device; Fig. 10b a photovoltaic component with an inclined installation position; Fig. 10c a photovoltaic component for predominantly vertical installation in a device; FIG. 11a top view of a photovoltaic chip array; FIG. 12 a lens array according to an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of condenser lenses arranged in a plane; FIG. 13 an array with a large number of deflection optics arranged in a plane; FIG. 14 shows a side view of a building or house with photovoltaic components; FIG. 15 shows a top view of the building of the FIG. 14 ; FIG. 16 shows a side view of a house with a flat roof; Fig. 17 a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component; Fig. 18 a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component; Fig. 19 an aircraft with several photovoltaic components integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft; Fig. 20 a ship with several photovoltaic components arranged on the surface of the ship; FIG. 21 a photovoltaic component which is arranged above an agricultural area; Fig. 22 an automobile with integrated photovoltaic components; FIG. 23 a greenhouse with integrated photovoltaic components according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 24a shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to another embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 24b shows an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module with prisms as deflection optics. Way(s) of carrying out the invention

[0079] FIG. 1ashows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to one embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 has an outer pane 11 and an inner pane 12. The outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can be made of glass or plastic according to embodiments. The outer pane 11 has a high transmission in the desired wavelength range and can be designed, in particular, as a clear glass pane or as a non-colored plastic pane. The inner pane 12 can also be designed with high transmission according to embodiments and can be designed as a clear glass pane or as a non-colored plastic pane.

[0080] According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane has a transmittance of more than 80%, in particular more than 90%. The transmittance refers in particular to the spectral range visible to the human eye, i.e., in particular to light with a wavelength between 380 and 780 nanometers (nm). The transmittance can also be referred to as light permeability.

[0081] According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can be made of glass, such as soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or of plastic, such as polycarbonate or PMMA. According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can have different thicknesses, and the outer glass pane 11 and the inner glass pane 12 can be designed with or without thermal or chemical tempering. According to one embodiment, both the first pane and the second pane can be made of glass. According to another embodiment, the first pane can be made of glass and the second pane can be made of plastic. According to another embodiment, the second pane can be made of glass and the first pane can be made of plastic. According to one embodiment, both the first pane and the second pane can be made of plastic.

[0082] An energy-generating layer 15 is provided between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12. The energy-generating layer 15 has a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20. The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 have a condenser optics 40 as the primary optics. The condenser optics 40 of the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 each have one or more condenser lenses 41, which are arranged laterally offset from one another, i.e. offset from one another in the x-direction and / or the y-direction. In this exemplary embodiment, the condenser lenses 41 are arranged at the same height in the vertical z-direction. According to other embodiments of the invention, however, it is also possible for the condenser lenses 41 to be arranged vertically, i.e. offset from one another in the z-direction.

[0083] The condenser lenses 41 collect or focus the light entering through the outer disk 11 and can therefore also be referred to as converging lenses. Depending on the embodiment, the condenser lenses 41 can be biconvex, plano-convex, or concave-convex.

[0084] The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 also have a partially transparent deflection optic 50 as a secondary optic and a photovoltaic chip 22 integrated into a surface-mountable housing 30. The surface-mountable housing 30 has a transparent cover 36 (see FIG. 7 ) and an integrated reflector 23 as tertiary optics. The condenser optics 40 are arranged in the vertical direction, ie, in the z-direction, between the outer pane 11 and the photovoltaic chip 22. The partially transparent deflection optics 40 are arranged in the vertical direction, ie, in the z-direction, between the photovoltaic chip 22 and the inner pane 12.

[0085] The transparent cover 36 and an inlet opening 23a arranged under the transparent cover (see FIG. 7 ) of the integrated reflector 23 face the inner pane 12. In other words, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged downwards, or the optical opening of the surface-mountable housing 30 and the photovoltaic chip 22 is directed downwards toward the inner glass pane 11.

[0086] In solar operation, the condenser optics are configured to focus sunlight 80 incident through the outer pane 11 onto the deflection optics 50, in particular onto deflection regions 51 of the deflection optics 50. In this exemplary embodiment, the condenser lenses 41 have a concentric center plane and focus the incident light onto annular deflection regions 51 of the deflection optics 50. The deflection regions 51 are arranged laterally offset from the housing 30, and the condenser optics 40 directs the incident light laterally past the housing 30 onto the deflection regions 51.

[0087] The deflection regions 51 of the deflection optics 50 can be designed, in particular, as reflective or mirrored surfaces. The deflection optics 50 deflects the sunlight focused by the condenser optics 40 onto the deflection regions 51 into the integrated reflector 23. The corresponding ray path of the incident light is shown in the FIG. 1shown in dashed lines. Please note that the representation of the beam path is roughly schematic to illustrate the principle.

[0088] The integrated reflector 23 concentrates or collects the sunlight deflected by the deflection optics 50 onto the photovoltaic chip 22.

[0089] The energy-generating layer 15 comprises a contact layer 14 with conductor tracks. The contact layer 14 can be designed, for example, as a printed circuit board, in particular as a flexible printed circuit board, and in particular as a flexible and transparent film. The contact film 14 can be designed as a heat-dissipating film.

[0090] The surface-mountable housings 30 can be arranged on the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering, in particular by means of reflow soldering, and can be electrically connected to the photovoltaic chips 22.

[0091] According to embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the gaps 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be filled with transparent plastic. According to other embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the gaps 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be formed as a vacuum.

[0092] A protective layer 18 is provided between the outer pane 11 and the energy-generating layer 15 to protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective layer protects, in particular, the elements of the energy-generating layer, e.g., the surface-mountable housing 30, the contact layer 14, the condenser optics 40, and the deflection optics 50, from UV radiation. This is particularly advantageous in embodiments in which the elements of the energy-generating layer 15 are made of or comprise plastic. The UV protective layer 18 protects the plastic from aging.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the protective layer 18 can be formed as a film. According to another embodiment, a coating on the outer pane 11 can be provided as a UV protection layer.

[0094] FIG. 1b shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 1a .

[0095] According to the design of FIG. 1bThe energy-generating layer 15 is integrated between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 by means of an outer composite layer 17a and an inner composite layer 17b. The composite layers 17a, 17b can be designed, in particular, as lamination films and made of plastic, e.g., PVB or EVA. Such composite layers facilitate the production of the energy-generating photovoltaic component.

[0096] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can also comprise additional layers, in particular films. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film can be arranged behind or below the energy-generating layer 15.

[0097] According to embodiments, the films can be transparent or semi-transparent and applied as a lamination film. According to embodiments, the photovoltaic components 10 can be provided with a scratch-resistant coating in the case of plastic and / or a low-E coating in the case of glass, which is FIG. 1b is shown as an example as layer 16.

[0098] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 according to an embodiment of the invention with an exemplary beam path. The condenser lenses 41 of the condenser optics 40 focus the incident light onto the deflection regions 51 of the deflection device 50. The incident light is then reflected by the deflection regions 51 in the direction of the surface-mountable housing 30, in particular onto its transparent cover, and guided by the integrated reflector 23 onto the photovoltaic chip 22. According to the examples of Figures 1a, 1b and 2 a single-stage deflection is shown.

[0099] According to other embodiments, however, a multi-stage deflection can also be carried out by the deflection device 50.

[0100] This shows the FIG. 3 An enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 according to an embodiment of the invention with multi-stage deflection or reflection. For this purpose, the deflection device 50 has several deflection or reflection regions 51.

[0101] According to embodiments, the deflection of the deflection device 50 can be achieved in a variety of ways. In addition to providing reflective or mirroring surfaces, e.g., reflective coatings or mirrors, the deflection device can also be designed as an optical waveguide or comprise an optical waveguide, according to embodiments. In particular, mixed forms can also be provided. Thus, according to embodiments, reflection regions can be provided that receive the focused light from the condenser optics 40 and then reflect or couple it into an optical waveguide, which transmits the light to the reflector of the housing 30.

[0102] According to embodiments, the deflection device 50 can consist of a base body made of transparent plastic or glass. In such a base body made of glass or plastic, the reflective deflection regions 51 are then integrated, e.g., by means of reflective coatings. According to embodiments, the effect of total reflection can also be utilized at the boundary surfaces of the deflection device. This is described in the FIG. 3 This is particularly possible at the upper deflection regions 51a, onto which the light impinges at a shallow angle. According to embodiments, the effect of total internal reflection can be implemented by coating the surface of the deflection device 50, for example, by providing coatings with a low refractive index.

[0103] FIG. 4shows a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 with multiple condenser lenses, specifically two condenser lenses 41a, 41b, arranged side by side. The outer condenser lens 41b is inclined at an angle ϕ5, which may also be referred to below as the fifth angle, relative to the horizontal xy plane 410 of the photovoltaic component 10 or the concentrator photovoltaic module 20. The inner lens 41a is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane 410 of the photovoltaic component 10 or the concentrator photovoltaic module 20.

[0104] It should be noted that the term "horizontal plane" of the photovoltaic component 10 or the concentrator photovoltaic module refers to the base area or floor area of ​​the photovoltaic component or the concentrator photovoltaic module and, in particular, should run parallel to the base area and thus parallel to the inner pane 12 and the outer pane 11. The inclined arrangement of the outer condenser lenses 41b makes it possible to utilize sunlight more effectively even at low elevations, e.g., in the morning and evening.

[0105] FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to one embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 has an outer pane 11 and an inner pane 12. The outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can be made of glass or plastic, according to embodiments.

[0106] A plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 are arranged between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12, wherein in the FIG. 5 Only one concentrator photovoltaic module 20 is shown for clarity. The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 have a condenser optic 40 as the primary optic. The condenser optics 40 of the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 have an inner lens 41a, which is arranged centrally above the housing 30. Next to it is an outer lens 41b, which concentrically encloses the inner lens 41a.

[0107] The outer condenser lens 41b is arranged at an angle ϕ5 relative to the horizontal xy plane of the photovoltaic component 10 (and thus also relative to the panes 11, 12). The inner lens 41a is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane 410 of the photovoltaic component 10 or the concentrator photovoltaic module 20. Thus, according to embodiments, the incident sunlight can be captured in a range of more than 120°.

[0108] The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 also have a partially transparent deflection optic 50 as a secondary optic and a photovoltaic chip 22 which is integrated into a surface-mountable housing 30.

[0109] In solar operation, the condenser optics 40 are configured to focus sunlight 80 entering through the outer pane 11 onto the deflection optics 50. According to this embodiment, the inner lens 41a focuses the light onto central deflection areas 51b. From there, it is reflected onto deflection areas 51c and from there towards the housing 30 and the reflector 23. The outer lens 41b focuses the light onto outer deflection areas 51d. From there, the light is reflected towards the housing 30 and the reflector 23. The deflection areas 51b, 51c and 51d are in the FIG. 5 as a wave-like pattern and they can be designed as reflective or mirroring surfaces. The corresponding ray path of the incident light is shown in the FIG. 5 again shown roughly schematically in dashed lines.

[0110] According to embodiments, the deflection regions 51, in this example the deflection regions 51b, 51c, and 51d, cover a maximum of 20%, in particular a maximum of 15%, of the horizontal cross-sectional area (in the xy plane) of the photovoltaic component 10. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, it is possible to achieve a light transmittance or transparency of the photovoltaic component of more than 50% and preferably more than 75%, in particular with respect to the spectral range of sunlight visible to humans.

[0111] FIG. 6a shows a plan view of a condenser optics 40, which according to the Figures 1a, 1b, 2 and 3 The dot-dash line 42 indicates the center plane of the lenses.

[0112] FIG. 6b shows a plan view of a condenser optics 40, which according to the Figure 4 The dot-dash lines 42 indicate the center planes of the lenses.

[0113] FIG. 6c shows a plan view of a condenser optics 40, which according to the Figure 5 The dotted line 42 and point 42 indicate the center plane of the lenses.

[0114] FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the surface-mount package 30 in an xz plane according to one embodiment of the invention. According to this embodiment, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry 39a of the package 30.

[0115] The housing 30 comprises a base body 31. The base body 31 can in particular consist of plastic and can be produced, for example, by means of an injection molding process. The housing 30 or the base body 31 has a recess 32. The recess 32 forms or shapes a receiving trough 33 with a recessed bottom section 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic chip 22 is designed as a multi-junction solar cell, but according to other embodiments of the invention can also be designed as a single-junction solar cell. According to embodiments of the invention, a photovoltaic chip is understood to mean in particular a photovoltaic DIE, ie an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer with a multi-junction or single-junction solar cell.

[0116] The housing 30 has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip 22, which in the FIG. 7 are not shown to simplify the illustration. The housing 30 further comprises a transparent cover 36, which closes the housing 30 and in particular the recess 32, in particular sealing it in a watertight and dustproof manner.

[0117] According to embodiments, the transparent cover 36 is made of glass, in particular thin glass or ultra-thin glass. Preferably, the housing 30 is protected against solid foreign bodies and liquids by means of the transparent cover 36. For this purpose, the housing 36 can be designed, in particular, according to IP protection class 66. According to embodiments, the housing 36 has a degree of protection against solid foreign bodies of at least 4 according to the International Protection (IP Code) and a degree of protection against liquids of at least 4. The transparent cover 36 can be attached to the housing 30, in particular to the base body 31, for example, by ultrasonic welding.

[0118] The receiving trough 33 has side walls with reflective regions 35a and 35b. The receiving trough 33 forms a reflector 23 by means of the reflective regions. The reflector 23 represents a tertiary optic of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 and is configured to function as a light collector or optical homogenizer. According to embodiments, the reflector 23 can be designed as a conical cylinder or as a conical cuboid. The reflector 23 has an inlet opening or inlet aperture 23a beneath the transparent cover 36. Furthermore, the reflector 23 has an outlet opening or outlet aperture 23b through which the light falls onto the photovoltaic chip 22. The inlet opening 23a and the outlet opening 23b are schematically represented by dashed lines.

[0119] FIG. 8ashows a cross-sectional view of a surface-mount package 30 in an xz plane according to another embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8b shows a cross-sectional view of the surface mount package 30 in a yz plane perpendicular to the xz plane. FIG. 8c shows a top view of the surface mount package in the xy plane.

[0120] The surface mount package 30 is similar to that shown in the FIG. 7 illustrated housing 30 and accordingly has a base body 31 and a recess 32 which forms a receiving trough 33 with a recessed bottom section 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22.

[0121] The receiving trough 33 has side walls with a first reflective region 35a, a second reflective region 35b, a third reflective region 35c, and a fourth reflective region 35d. The first reflective region 35a is oriented at a first angle ϕ1 relative to a horizontal xy-plane 38 of the housing 30. The second reflective region 35b is oriented at a second angle ϕ2 relative to the horizontal xy-plane 38 of the housing 30. The third reflective region 35c is oriented at a third angle ϕ3 relative to the horizontal xy-plane 38 of the housing 10. The fourth reflective region 35d is oriented at a fourth angle ϕ4 relative to the horizontal xy-plane 38 of the housing. According to the Figures 8a to 8cIn the illustrated embodiment, the first angle ϕ1 is different from the second angle ϕ2, while the third angle ϕ3 and the fourth angle ϕ4 are equal or approximately equal in this example. According to other embodiments, the third angle ϕ3 and the fourth angle ϕ4 can also be different.

[0122] As can be seen in particular from the Figures 8a and 8b As can be seen, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry 39a of the housing 30, while it is arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry 39b of the housing 30.

[0123] As can be seen in particular from the Figures 8a and 8c As can be seen, the first reflective region 35a and the second reflective region 35b are opposite one another with respect to the photovoltaic chip 22, in particular with respect to a region shown in the FIG. 8c shown first vertical plane of symmetry 22c of the photovoltaic chip 22.

[0124] According to the example shown, the first angle ϕ1 is approximately 65° and the second angle ϕ2 is approximately 35°.

[0125] According to embodiments of the invention, the angles ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3, and ϕ4 lie in a range between 0° and 110°. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the first angle ϕ1 lies in a range between 45° and 110°, in particular in a range between 60° and 90°, and is thus relatively steep, while the second angle ϕ2 lies in a range between 0° and 45°, in particular in a range between 10° and 35°, and is thus relatively flat.

[0126] Such a design is advantageous, for example, for photovoltaic modules intended for vertical installation. This makes it possible to significantly improve the power output of the photovoltaic module when installed vertically, particularly by having the "lower" reflecting surface inclined more sharply relative to the horizontal plane of the housing than the "upper" reflecting surface.

[0127] According to embodiments, the first reflective region 35a, the second reflective region 35b, the third reflective region 35c and the fourth reflective region 35d are applied as a coating on the base body 31 of the receiving trough 33.

[0128] According to other embodiments, the first reflective region 35a, the second reflective region 35b, the third reflective region 35c and the fourth reflective region 35d are formed as a reflective film, which can be applied to the base body 31 of the receiving trough 33, for example, by means of gluing or other methods.

[0129] According to the Figures 8a to 8c In the embodiments shown, the reflecting regions 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d are each formed as flat surfaces, in particular as trapezoidal surfaces.

[0130] However, according to other embodiments not shown, the reflecting regions 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d may also have other shapes, in particular concave shapes and convex shapes.

[0131] A module designed in this way makes it possible to select the angles ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3 and ϕ4 of the reflecting areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d individually and differently and to take into account the respective orientation of the modules to the surfaces intended for installation and the corresponding solar exposure of the modules with regard to the elevation and / or the azimuth.

[0132] FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a surface-mount package 30 in an xz-plane according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 9The electrical connections of the module are shown in more detail. In particular, the surface-mountable housing 30 has a first electrical contact 22a and a second electrical contact 22b. The electrical contacts 22a, 22b are arranged on opposite sides of the housing 30 and are designed as so-called leads, which are embedded in the base body 31 made of plastic. The photovoltaic chip 22 is electrically connected to the leads of the electrical contacts 22a and 22b by wire bonding. The module 20 is thus designed as a surface-mountable module using SMD technology (Surface Mount Technology). The module 20 also has a bypass diode 45 integrated into the housing 30, which bypass diode can be designed in particular as a Schottky diode.The bypass diode is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic chip 22 and is accordingly connected to the electrical contact 22a on the one hand and to the electrical contact 22b on the other hand, also by wire bonding according to embodiments. The photovoltaic chip 22 can be electrically contacted, for example, with conductor tracks of the contacting layer 14 by soldering.

[0133] The Figures 10a to 10c show various installation situations of photovoltaic components 10 and the surface-mountable housings integrated therein. The angles ϕ1 and ϕ2 refer to the angles of the reflection surfaces 35a, 35b of the reflectors 23 integrated into the housings 30.

[0134] In the Figures 10a to 10c the position of the sun 80 is shown in an exemplary manner, e.g. at midday.

[0135] In addition, the Figures 10a to 10cThe course of the reflection surfaces 35a, 35b of the reflectors 23 is illustrated schematically by means of simple lines. Also shown is an example of the deflection optics 50, which reflects the incident sunlight 80 into the reflector 23.

[0136] Fig. 10a shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for a predominantly horizontal installation in a building or a device, e.g. as a horizontal roof photovoltaic component. Fig. 10b shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for inclined installation positions, for example between 20° and 80°, e.g. for pitched roofs.

[0137] Fig. 10c shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for predominantly vertical installation in a building or device.

[0138] According to embodiments of the invention, the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 can each be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in order to optimize the light capture of the reflector 23 for the respective installation situation. While the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 are preferably selected to be equal in a horizontal installation, the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 are preferably selected to be different in an inclined and a vertical installation situation in order to increase the light capture with respect to the elevation of the solar radiation.

[0139] FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a photovoltaic chip array 1100. The photovoltaic chip array 1100 has a plurality of SMD packages 30 with integrated photovoltaic chips and reflectors, which are soldered as surface-mounted components onto a printed circuit board or contact layer 14 formed as a foil.

[0140] FIG. 12shows a lens array 1200 according to one embodiment of the invention with a plurality of condenser lenses 41 arranged flatly in a plane. The lens array 1200 can be prefabricated from transparent plastic, for example, by injection molding. The individual condenser lenses 41 are connected by thin webs 41a. The thus prefabricated lens array can be attached to the underside of the outer pane 11, for example, by gluing, according to one embodiment.

[0141] FIG. 13 shows an array 1300 according to one embodiment of the invention with a plurality of deflection optics 50 arranged flatly in a plane. The deflection optics 50 are represented by circles for example. The array 1300 can be prefabricated from transparent plastic, for example, by injection molding. The individual deflection optics 50 are connected by thin webs 50a. The thus prefabricated array 1300 can be attached to the inner pane 12, for example, by gluing, according to one embodiment.

[0142] According to another embodiment, the prefabricated lens array 1100 and the prefabricated array 1300 can each be attached to the photovoltaic chip array 1200 and then attached between the panes 11, 12 as a prefabricated overall module.

[0143] FIG. 14 shows a side view of a building or house 1400. The building 1400 has a photovoltaic component 1410 on a sloping roof 1401 and a photovoltaic component 1411 on a vertical side wall 1402, which can be designed like the photovoltaic components 10 described above.

[0144] FIG. 15 shows a plan view of the building 1400. Here it can be seen that the building 1400 has, in addition to the photovoltaic component 1410 and the photovoltaic component 1411, another photovoltaic component 1412 on the rear wall 1403.

[0145] In the Figures 14 and 15the position of the sun 80 is shown in an exemplary manner, e.g. at midday.

[0146] In addition, the Figure 14 the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 of the reflectors 23 of the individual photovoltaic components 1410 and 1411 are shown as examples by means of dashed lines.

[0147] In addition, the Figure 15 the third angle ϕ3 and the fourth angle ϕ4 of the reflectors 23 of the individual photovoltaic components 1410 and 1412 are shown as examples by means of dashed lines.

[0148] The angles ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3 and ϕ4 again refer to the angles of the reflection surfaces of the reflectors 23 integrated into the housings 30 of the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the individual photovoltaic components.

[0149] In the example of Figures 14 and 15The individual photovoltaic components 1410, 1411, and 1412 each have different combinations of the individual angles ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3, and ϕ4. This makes it possible to take into account the respective installation situation of the systems 1410, 1411, and 1412 and to optimally adapt the angles ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3, and ϕ4 to the position or course of the sun in order to achieve maximum concentration or reinforcement of the reflector 23.

[0150] According to embodiments of the invention, the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 are selected in particular such that they optimally take into account the respective installation situation with regard to the elevation of the sun.

[0151] According to embodiments of the invention, the third angle ϕ3 and the fourth angle ϕ4 are selected in particular so that they optimally take into account the respective installation situation with respect to the azimuth of the sun. FIG. 15The orientation of the house with respect to the cardinal directions is also shown. For example, the house wall 1402 has a southeast exposure, and the rear wall 1403 has a southwest exposure. By appropriately and individually selecting the angles ϕ3 and ϕ4 for the side wall 1402 and the rear wall 1403, the efficiency of the photovoltaic component can be improved.

[0152] FIG. 16 shows a side view of a house 1600 with a flat roof 1601. A photovoltaic component 1610 is mounted on the flat roof 1601 and a photovoltaic component 1611 is mounted on a vertical side wall 1602.

[0153] The first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 of the photovoltaic component 1610 are selected differently than the first angle ϕ1 and the second angle ϕ2 of the photovoltaic component 1410 of the FIG. 14 shown pitched roof to improve the reflector effect of the photovoltaic components.

[0154] Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can be used as energy-generating glass or plastic components for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades, facade structures and / or as single or multi-pane insulating glass.

[0155] Fig. 17 shows a cross-sectional view 1700 of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz-plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 is in particular as shown in the FIG. 5described. According to this exemplary embodiment, the condenser optics 40 are attached or supported to the outer disk 11 by means of webs 1710. Furthermore, the deflection optics 50 are attached or supported to the inner disk 12 by means of webs 1711. The webs can be made, in particular, of plastic. According to embodiments, the webs 1710 and 1711 can also be connected or formed in one piece.

[0156] Fig. 18 shows a cross-sectional view 1800 of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz-plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 is in particular as shown in the FIG. 5described. According to this exemplary embodiment, the condenser optics 40 and the deflection optics 50 are fastened or supported by means of webs 1810 between the outer disk 11 and the inner disk 12. The webs 1810 are designed as optical waveguides and configured to guide or decouple incident light through the inner disk 12 and the outer disk 11 into the deflection device 50. For this purpose, the optical waveguides 1810 have decoupler devices 1820. This allows the efficiency to be further increased. Furthermore, with such an embodiment, it is also possible to also design the deflection device, at least partially, as an optical waveguide.

[0157] Fig. 19 shows an aircraft 1900 with several photovoltaic components integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft 1900 (10).

[0158] Fig. 20shows a ship 2000 with several photovoltaic components arranged on the surface of the ship (10).

[0159] FIG. 21 shows a photovoltaic component 10 arranged above an agricultural area 2110. Due to the partially transparent design of the photovoltaic component 10, it is possible to use the agricultural areas 2110 both for generating solar energy and for growing plants, vegetables, fruit, etc.

[0160] Fig. 22shows an automobile 2200 according to an embodiment of the invention. The automobile 2200 has one or more photovoltaic components 10, e.g., as a roof window or roof glazing. The automobile can be designed, in particular, as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle, and accordingly has at least one electric drive, e.g., an electric motor 2201, and at least one battery 2202. The photovoltaic components 10 are configured, for example, to charge the battery 2202. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the vehicle 2200 can also be designed without an electric drive and, for example, have only an internal combustion engine or another drive. In such a case, the photovoltaic components 10 can be used to feed the solar energy into the vehicle electrical system and thus supply the electrical consumers, or to charge a low-voltage battery to operate the vehicle's electrical system.

[0161] FIG. 23 shows a greenhouse 2300 whose roof and side surfaces are formed by photovoltaic components 10 according to embodiments of the invention. Due to the partially transparent design of the photovoltaic components 10, it is possible to use the greenhouses both for generating solar energy and for growing plants, vegetables, fruit, etc.

[0162] FIG. 24a shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an xz plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 1a . In the embodiment of the FIG. 24aThe deflection optics 50 each have two prisms 52, which deflect the incident light toward the surface-mountable housing 30 by means of two total reflections. In doing so, the direction of the incident light is reversed. The prisms 52 can therefore also be referred to as reversing prisms.

[0163] FIG. 24b shows an enlarged view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 according to an embodiment of the invention with an exemplary beam path. The condenser lenses 41 of the condenser optics 40 focus the incident light onto first deflection regions 51a of the prisms 52. The incident light is then reflected by total internal reflection from the first deflection regions 51a toward second deflection regions 51b. There, a renewed (second) total internal reflection takes place toward the surface-mountable housing 30, in particular toward its transparent cover. Fig. 24bOnly the parallel incident central beam is shown. The prisms 52 are preferably designed so that even slightly obliquely incident beams are deflected toward the surface-mountable housing 30.

[0164] According to further embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can also be integrated or installed in construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains or containers.

[0165] While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in this application, it is to be clearly understood that the invention is not limited thereto and may be embodied in other ways within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic component (10), comprising, an outer pane (11); and an inner pane (12); characterized in that an energy-generating layer (15) comprising a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) is arranged between the outer pane (11) and the inner pane (12), the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) comprising a condenser optic (40) as a primary optic; a partially transparent deflection optic (50) as a secondary optic; and a photovoltaic chip (22) integrated into a surface mountable housing (30), the surface mountable housing (30) having a transparent cover (36) and an integrated reflector (23) as a tertiary optic; wherein the condenser optic (40) is arranged between the outer pane (11) and the photovoltaic chip (22); the partially transparent deflection optic (50) is arranged between the photovoltaic chip (22) and the inner pane (12); and the transparent cover (36) and an inlet opening (23a) of the integrated reflector (23) face the inner pane (12), wherein the condenser optic (40) is configured to focus sunlight entering through the outer pane (12) onto one or more deflection regions (51) of the deflection optic (50); the deflection optic (50) is configured to deflect the sunlight focused by the condenser optic (40) onto the one or more deflection regions (51) into the integrated reflector (23); and the reflector (23) is configured to concentrate the sunlight deflected by the deflector (50) onto the photovoltaic chip (22).

2. Photovoltaic component according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the one or the plurality of deflection regions (51) is arranged laterally offset to the surface-mountable housing (30).

3. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection optic (50) is configured to perform a multi-stage deflection of the sunlight into the integrated reflector (23).

4. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more deflection regions (51) are designed as reflective surfaces.

5. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection optic (50) comprises an optical fiber.

6. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic component (10) has a light transmission of more than 50%, in particular more than 75%.

7. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection region or the deflection regions (51) of the deflection optic cover a maximum of 20%, in particular a maximum of 15%, of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the photovoltaic component (10) .

8. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser optic (40) of the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) comprises a plurality of condenser lenses (41) which are arranged side by side; wherein the condenser lenses (41) are arranged in particular rotationally symmetrically to a central axis of the concentrator photovoltaic module.

9. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser optic (40) of the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) comprises a plurality of condenser lenses (41) which are arranged side by side, wherein at least one of the condenser lenses (41b) is arranged inclined at an angle, in particular a fifth angle, with respect to a horizontal plane (410) of the photovoltaic component, wherein the condenser optic (40) of the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) comprises in particular a first condenser lens (41b) which is arranged inclined at the fifth angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component and a second condenser lens (41a) which is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane of the photovoltaic component.

10. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (30) comprises a recess (32) forming a receiving tray (33) with a recessed bottom portion (34) for receiving the photovoltaic chip (22), wherein the receiving tray (33) has side walls with reflective regions (35a, 35b) which form the reflector (23), wherein the receiving tray (33) in particular has side walls with at least a first and a second reflective region (35a, 35b), the first reflective region (35a) being oriented at a first angle (ϕ1) with respect to a horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30) and the second reflective region (35b) being oriented at a second angle (ϕ2) with respect to the horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30); and the first angle (ϕ1) is different from the second angle (ϕ2), wherein the receiving tray (33) in particular has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective region (35c, 35d), wherein the third reflective region (35c) is oriented at a third angle (ϕ3) with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing (30) and the fourth reflective region (35d) is oriented at a fourth angle (ϕ4) with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing (30), wherein the third angle is in particular different from the fourth angle.

11. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser optic (40) is fixed or supported on the outer pane (11) by means of webs (1710); and / or the deflection optic (50) is fixed or supported on the inner pane (12) by means of webs (1711), the webs being designed in particular as optical fibers (1810).

12. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection optic (50) comprises one or more prisms (52).

13. Photovoltaic component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic component (10) is designed as an energy-generating component for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades, facade constructions and / or as single or multiple insulating glass for buildings.

14. Device with one or more photovoltaic components (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is in particular a vehicle, a container, a building or a greenhouse.

15. Use of a photovoltaic component according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for installation or attachment in or on a building, a vehicle, a container, a greenhouse as well as other devices or for arranging on agricultural land.