Detection device for monitoring at least one monitoring area, vehicle with at least one detection device, and method for operating a housing test device of a detection device

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a detection device for monitoring at least one monitoring area by means of detection signals, with at least one housing in which at least one detection transmission device for transmitting detection signals is arranged, wherein the at least one housing has at least one transmission housing section for transmitting detection signals, wherein the detection device has at least one housing testing device with which a functional state of at least one housing section of the at least one housing can be tested and at least one status signal can be generated upon detection of an actual functional state deviating from a reference functional state of the housing section.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with at least one detection device for monitoring at least one monitoring area by means of detection signals, wherein the at least one detection device has at least one housing in which at least one detection transmission device for transmitting detection signals is arranged, wherein the at least one housing has at least one transmission housing section for transmitting detection signals, wherein the at least one detection device has at least one housing testing device with which a functional state of at least one housing section of at least one housing can be tested and at least one status signal can be generated upon detection of an actual functional state deviating from a reference functional state of the at least one housing section.

[0003] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a housing testing device of a detection device which is provided for monitoring at least one monitoring area by means of detection signals, in which a functional state of at least one housing section of at least one housing of the detection device is tested by means of at least one housing testing device of the detection device and at least one status signal is generated upon detection of an actual functional state which deviates from a reference functional state of the housing section. State of the art

[0004] From DE 10 2017 109 138 A1 an optical detection device for a motor vehicle is known, comprising a housing of the optical detection device in which a light source unit of the optical detection device is arranged, wherein by means of the light source unit light beams can be emitted through a housing part of the housing into an environment of the motor vehicle, wherein the optical detection device has a checking unit by means of which a functional state of the housing can be checked, and upon detection of an actual functional state of the housing different from a reference functional state of the housing, a control signal can be generated.

[0005] DE 197 06 612 C2 discloses an optoelectronic detection device for monitoring a surveillance area, comprising a first transmitting element, a deflection unit for periodically deflecting the light beams generated by the transmitting element into a predetermined angular range, and a first receiving element for receiving the light beams reflected by an object in the surveillance area. The transmitting and receiving elements are arranged in a housing with an exit window through which the light beams can enter and exit the surveillance area. To check for contamination of the exit window, test light beams are emitted via a second transmitting element in such a way that they pass through the exit window, which runs obliquely to the transmission direction, at least once and are received by a second receiving element. The amount of light incident there provides a measure of the contamination of the exit window.

[0006] DE 10 2018 217 467 A1 also relates to an optical detection device comprising a primary optoelectronic sensor with a first transmitting and receiving unit, which is arranged in a housing with a transparent protective cover. The device comprises a contamination detection system with a second transmitting unit for coupling light into the protective cover and a second receiving unit for receiving the light coupled out at the end of a propagation path and using this to determine whether the protective cover is contaminated. The contamination detection system is designed to be movable relative to the protective cover.

[0007] JP 2004 33445 A discloses safety glass and a glass breakage sensor. The glass breakage sensor comprises an antenna on the glass surface and a control device connected to the antenna. When a request signal is sent from outside, a response signal is transmitted. If the antenna is disconnected due to glass breakage, the signals are no longer received or transmitted.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of designing a detection device, a vehicle and a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a functional state of a housing of the detection device can be determined more easily and / or reliably. Disclosure of the invention

[0009] This object is achieved according to the invention in the detection device in that the at least one housing testing device at least one test response device arranged on at least one housing section to be tested, and at least one test transmitting and receiving device with which electromagnetic test signals can be sent to the at least one test response device and electromagnetic response signals which emanate from the at least one test response device in response to electromagnetic test signals can be received and converted into actual state variables which characterize an actual functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested, wherein the at least one housing test device has at least one comparison means with which at least one actual state variable and at least one predetermined reference state variable which characterizes a predetermined reference functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested,can be compared and depending on the result of the comparison at least one corresponding status signal can be generated. ,

[0010] According to the invention, at least one test response device is arranged on at least one housing section to be tested. Electromagnetic test signals are sent to the at least one test response device using at least one test transmitting and receiving device. The electromagnetic test signals cause corresponding electromagnetic response signals in the at least one test response device. The response properties of the at least one test response device depend on its actual state, such that the response signals characterize the actual state of the at least one test response device. Since the at least one test response device is arranged on the at least one housing section to be tested, the actual state of the at least one test response device depends on the actual functional state of the at least one housing section to be inserted.

[0011] The response signals are received by the test transceiver and receiver and converted into corresponding actual state variables. The actual state variables characterize the actual state of the at least one test response device and thus the actual functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested.

[0012] Advantageously, the at least one test transmitting and receiving device can comprise means, in particular electro-optical components, with which the electromagnetic response signals can be converted into actual electrical state variables. Actual electrical state variables can be compared electrically with corresponding electrical reference state variables using electrical components, in particular electrical comparison means.

[0013] The actual state variables are compared with predefined reference state variables, and a corresponding actual state signal is generated based on the result of the comparison. The reference state variables characterize a predefined reference functional state of the at least one test response device and thus of the at least one housing section to be tested. The reference state variables can advantageously be determined in advance, particularly during calibration, for example, at the end of a production line of the detection device.

[0014] If a functional state of the at least one housing section changes, this affects the response characteristics of the at least one test response device with respect to the electromagnetic test signals. The response signals and thus the actual state variables change accordingly. The deviation of the actual state variables from the desired state variables is detected by the at least one comparison means, and the corresponding state signal is generated or modified. A warning signal can be generated, in response to which functions of the detection device, in particular the transmission of detection signals, are influenced, in particular stopped.

[0015] A functional state of the at least one housing section can be altered, in particular, by damage to the same or the missing parts thereof. Such damage can include, in particular, deep scratches in an outer surface, cracking or breaking, hole formation, in particular due to stone chips or the like, or a complete or partial absence of the at least one housing section to be tested. Particularly when used outdoors, especially outside a vehicle, the detection device can be exposed to harsh operating conditions, resulting in an increased risk of damage.

[0016] Such damage can lead to functional impairment of the at least one housing, in particular of the housing section to be tested. Depending on the application of the detection device, functional impairment of the at least one housing, in particular of the housing section to be tested, can lead to health damage to persons in the vicinity of the detection device, to damage to components of the detection device, and / or to damage to components in the vicinity of the detection device.

[0017] In particular, a functional impairment of the housing, in particular of a transmission housing section, can lead to electromagnetic detection signals, in particular laser beams, transmitted by at least one detection transmitter of the detection device being released into the environment in an uncontrolled manner and thus endangering the eye safety of people. The eye safety of the detection device can be increased with the aid of the housing testing device according to the invention.

[0018] The use of electromagnetic signals as test signals and response signals has the advantage that the test can be carried out without contact. Furthermore, no connections, in particular electrically conductive connections, are required between the at least one test transmitting and receiving device and the at least one test response device. This allows for a simpler implementation of the housing test device.

[0019] Advantageously, the invention allows the functional status of at least one housing, in particular at least one housing section, to be checked during ongoing operation of the detection device. In the event of a change in the functional status, particularly due to damage, the detection device can be shut down within a very short time.

[0020] Advantageously, in response to an error status signal from at least one housing testing device, a voltage supply to a control of the at least one detection transmission device can be switched off or the triggering of detection signals can be prevented.

[0021] Advantageously, the detection device can monitor at least one monitoring area using electromagnetic detection signals, in particular light signals. In this way, the at least one monitoring area can be monitored contactlessly.

[0022] Advantageously, the detection device can be configured to perform a signal time-of-flight method. Such detection devices can be configured and referred to as time-of-flight (TOF) systems, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems, laser detection and ranging (LaDAR) systems, or the like.

[0023] Advantageously, the detection device can be designed to determine information about objects in a monitoring area, in particular distances, speeds and / or directions of objects relative to the detection device and / or at least one reference area of detection devices or a carrier carrying the detection devices, in particular a vehicle, a machine or the like.

[0024] Advantageously, the detection device can be configured as a so-called flash system, in particular as a flash LiDAR. In this case, corresponding detection signals can simultaneously illuminate a larger portion of a surveillance area or the entire surveillance area. Alternatively, the detection device can be configured as a scanning system. In this case, a surveillance area can be scanned using detection signals. For this purpose, the propagation direction of the detection signals can be swept across the surveillance area.

[0025] The detection device can advantageously be configured as a laser-based distance measuring system. A laser-based distance measuring system can comprise at least one laser, in particular a diode laser, as the light source of at least one transmitting device. Pulsed detection signals, in particular, can be transmitted with the at least one laser. The laser can emit detection signals in wavelength ranges visible or invisible to the human eye. Accordingly, at least one receiving device of the detection device can comprise a detector designed for the wavelength of the emitted light, in particular a point sensor, line sensor, or area sensor, in particular an (avalanche) photodiode, a photodiode array, a CCD sensor, an active pixel sensor, in particular a CMOS sensor, or the like.

[0026] The invention can advantageously be used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles. The invention can advantageously be used in land vehicles, in particular passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, or the like, aircraft, in particular drones, and / or watercraft. The invention can also be used in vehicles that can be operated autonomously or at least semi-autonomously. However, the invention is not limited to vehicles. It can also be used in stationary operation, in robotics, and / or in machines, in particular construction or transport machines, such as cranes, excavators, or the like.

[0027] The detection device can advantageously be connected to or be part of at least one electronic control device of a vehicle or machine, in particular a driver assistance system and / or a chassis control system and / or a driver information device and / or a parking assistance system and / or a gesture recognition system or the like. In this way, at least some of the functions of the vehicle or machine can be operated autonomously or semi-autonomously.

[0028] The detection device can detect stationary or moving objects, in particular vehicles, persons, gestures, movements, animals, plants, obstacles, road surface irregularities, in particular potholes or stones, road markings, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like.

[0029] According to the invention, the at least one test response device comprises or consists of at least one antenna structure. In this way, electromagnetic test signals can be received and corresponding electromagnetic response signals can be actively or passively generated and transmitted.

[0030] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one test transceiver and / or at least one test response device can be configured to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic shortwave signals. Shortwave signals are particularly suitable for short and medium ranges, such as those found within the housing of a detection device. Furthermore, shortwave signals allow medium to high transmission speeds.

[0031] Advantageously, the electromagnetic test signals and / or electromagnet response signals can be shortwave signals.

[0032] In a further advantageous embodiment, a plurality of test response devices can be distributed along the at least one housing section, and / or at least one test response device can extend along at least a portion of the at least one housing section to be tested. In this way, extended areas of the at least one housing section to be tested can be detected. Functional impairments, in particular damage, can be detected at different locations of the at least one housing section to be tested.

[0033] Advantageously, individual, particularly non-contiguous, antenna structures can be distributed along the at least one housing section. The antenna structures can generate respective response signals to the test signals.

[0034] Advantageously, the plurality of test response devices can be designed such that they generate individual, in particular distinguishable, response signals.

[0035] Individual response signals have the advantage that they can be differentiated by the at least one test transmitting and receiving device. This allows the response signals to be assigned to the respective antenna structures and thus to the locations of the at least one housing section to be tested.

[0036] Advantageously, at least one part, in particular an antenna structure, of at least one test response device can extend continuously along at least one part of the at least one housing section to be tested. In this way, the effort required to implement the at least one test response device can be reduced.

[0037] Advantageously, at least one antenna structure can be realized with electrically conductive layers, in particular layers of indium oxide or the like. Layers can be simply applied to housing sections, in particular by vapor deposition or the like. Electrically conductive layers can be realized, in particular, as tracks.

[0038] Advantageously, several parts, in particular antenna structures, of a test response device or several test response devices can be arranged spaced apart from one another along the at least one housing section. In this way, gaps can be created between the test response devices or the parts of the test response device, through which gaps, when the at least one housing section is implemented as a transmission housing section, detection signals from the detection transmission device and / or corresponding detection signals reflected in a monitoring area for a detection reception device can pass.

[0039] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one test response device can have at least one electrical component with which electromagnetic response signals can be generated in response to electromagnetic test signals. In this way, the at least one test response device can generate individual response signals. These individual response signals can be more easily differentiated by the at least one test transmitting and receiving device.

[0040] Advantageously, at least one electrical component can be connected to at least one antenna structure of the at least one test-response device. The at least one antenna structure can receive the electromagnetic test signals and transmit electromagnetic response signals that can be generated by the at least one electrical component.

[0041] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one electrical component can be a passive component and / or at least one electrical component can be an active component. Passive components do not require their own power supply. Active components have a power supply and enable greater signal power for response signals.

[0042] Advantageously, at least one housing testing device can comprise or consist of at least parts of at least one RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system. In this way, individual test signals and / or individual response signals can be processed. Furthermore, commercially available components can be used, thereby reducing effort, particularly costs.

[0043] Advantageously, at least one test-response device comprises or consists of at least one RFID transponder. In this way, an RFID transponder already arranged on the detection device, which serves to identify the detection device during production, storage, and / or transport, can also be used to test the functional status of the at least one housing section. This further reduces the effort required to implement the at least one housing test device.

[0044] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one test response device can be arranged at least partially in the at least one housing section to be tested and / or on a surface of the at least one housing section to be tested, and / or at least one test response device can be at least partially connected to the at least one housing section to be tested. In this way, damage to the at least one housing section to be tested can also have a more reliable effect on the response properties of the test response device.

[0045] Advantageously, the at least one test response device can be arranged at least partially within the at least one housing section to be tested. This allows the at least one test response device to have a smaller external protrusion.

[0046] Advantageously, the at least one test response device can be at least partially embedded in the material of the at least one housing section to be tested. In this way, a stable connection can be realized between the corresponding parts of the at least one test response device and the at least one housing section to be inserted.

[0047] Alternatively or additionally, at least one test response device can be arranged at least partially on a surface of the at least one housing section to be tested. In this way, at least one part of the at least one test response device can be exposed to the environment. In particular, mechanical influences, in particular stone chips or the like, which can change the functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested, can thus more reliably also change the response properties of the at least one test response device. This can improve the reliability of detecting malfunctions in the functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested.

[0048] Advantageously, at least one test response device can be arranged at least partially in the at least one housing section to be tested and partially on the surface of the at least one housing section to be tested. At least a portion of the at least one test response device can be arranged in the at least one housing section to be tested such that this portion is freely accessible to at least one surface of the at least one housing section to be tested.

[0049] Advantageously, at least one part, in particular an antenna structure, of at least one test response device can be arranged at least partially on the surface of the at least one housing section to be tested. The material of the at least one part, in particular the antenna structure of the at least one test response device, can be vapor-deposited onto the at least one housing section to be tested or embedded therein. In this way, narrow electrical conductors, in particular, can be implemented as the antenna structure.

[0050] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one test transmitting and receiving device can be arranged in the at least one housing. In this way, the at least one test transmitting and receiving device can be arranged in a space-saving and protected manner.

[0051] Advantageously, the at least one test transmitting and receiving device can be arranged on at least one carrier, in particular at least one circuit board or the like. This allows the at least one test-transmitting and receiving device to be more easily mounted in the housing.

[0052] Advantageously, the at least one test transceiver can be arranged on at least one carrier, in particular at least one circuit board or the like, on which the at least one detection transceiver and / or a corresponding detection receiver are also arranged. In this way, component complexity can be reduced. Existing carriers can be used to additionally hold the at least one test transceiver. Furthermore, existing connections, in particular power supply connections, can also be used for the at least one test transceiver.

[0053] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one transmission frequency for electromagnetic test signals of the at least one test transmitting and receiving device and a resonant frequency for electromagnetic test signals of the test response device can be matched to one another. In this way, the efficiency of generating the electromagnetic response signals from the test signals can be improved. In particular, the signal-to-noise ratio of the response signals can be improved.

[0054] Advantageously, the transmission frequency of the at least one test transceiver can correspond to a resonant frequency of the at least one test response device, in particular the resonant frequency of an antenna structure of the at least one test response device. In this way, the efficiency of implementing the electromagnetic response signals can be further improved.

[0055] Alternatively or additionally, at least one transmission frequency of the at least one test transmitting and receiving device can correspond to a harmonic multiple of the resonant frequency of the at least one test response device. This allows the overall frequency bandwidth of the transmission frequencies used to be increased.

[0056] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one detection transmission device can be designed to transmit electromagnetic detection signals and / or the frequency ranges of the electromagnetic detection signals and the electromagnetic test signals may not overlap and / or the detection device may comprise at least one detection-receiving device.

[0057] Electromagnetic detection signals can be transmitted using the at least one detection transmitter. Electromagnetic detection signals can be used to detect objects without contact. Electromagnetic detection signals reflected from objects can be received using at least one detection receiver.

[0058] Advantageously, the electromagnetic detection signals can comprise or consist of light signals, particularly laser signals. Light signals can be easily implemented and received.

[0059] Advantageously, the frequency ranges of the electromagnetic detection signals and the electromagnetic test signals cannot overlap. This avoids interference caused by overlaps during measurements with the detection device and during testing of the functional status of the housing, particularly the housing section to be tested.

[0060] Advantageously, the detection device can comprise at least one evaluation device. An evaluation device can be used to determine information about the monitored area, in particular distances, speeds, and / or directions of objects relative to the detection device, from the reflected electromagnetic detection signals and the transmitted detection signals.

[0061] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one test response device can be arranged on at least one transmission housing section. In this way, the condition of the transmission housing section can be checked.

[0062] Particularly when using electromagnetic detection signals in the form of light, this can prevent uncontrolled light from escaping into the environment, especially through a damaged transmission housing section. Uncontrolled light can cause health damage to people, particularly eye damage. The housing testing device can be used to test the functional status of the at least one transmission housing section. If a change in the functional status is detected, which may indicate damage to the transmission housing section, the detection device, in particular the at least one detection transmitter, can be controlled accordingly, in particular switched off. This can increase the overall eye safety of the detection device.

[0063] Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention in the vehicle in that the at least one housing testing device at least one test response device arranged on at least one housing section to be tested, and at least one test transmitting and receiving device with which electromagnetic test signals can be sent to the at least one test response device and electromagnetic response signals which emanate from the at least one test response device in response to electromagnetic test signals can be received and converted into actual state variables which characterize an actual functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested, wherein the at least one housing test device has at least one comparison means with which at least one actual state variable and at least one predetermined reference state variable which characterizes a predetermined reference functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested,can be compared and depending on the result of the comparison at least one corresponding status signal can be generated. ,

[0064] Advantageously, the vehicle can have at least one driver assistance system. With a driver assistance system, the vehicle can be operated autonomously or at least partially autonomously.

[0065] Advantageously, at least one detection device can be connected to at least one driver assistance system. In this way, information determined by the at least one detection device can be transmitted to the at least one driver assistance system. The information from the at least one detection device can be used with the at least one driver assistance system for at least partially autonomous operation of the vehicle.

[0066] Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention in the method in that electromagnetic test signals are sent to at least one test response device, which is arranged on at least one housing section to be tested, by means of at least one test transmitting and receiving device, with the at least one test response device, electromagnetic response signals are output in response to electromagnetic test signals, with the at least one test transmitting and receiving device, electromagnetic response signals are received and converted into actual state variables which characterize an actual functional state of the at least one housing section to be tested, with at least one comparison means, at least one actual state variable and at least one predetermined reference state variable which characterizes a predetermined reference functional state of at least one housing section to be tested are compared and, depending on the result of the comparison, at least one corresponding state signal is generated.

[0067] According to the invention, electromagnetic test signals are sent to test response devices that are directly connected to the housing section to be tested. Depending on the state of the test response devices, corresponding characteristic response signals are sent back. Due to their connection to the housing section to be tested, the state of the test response devices depends on the condition of the housing section. If the housing section is impaired, in particular due to damage, this affects the response characteristics of the test response devices. By comparing actual state variables obtained from the response signals with corresponding reference state variables, a deviation between the actual functional state of the housing section to be tested and a reference functional state can be detected.A corresponding error status signal can then be generated, with which the detection devices, in particular the detection transmitter, can be controlled accordingly.

[0068] Furthermore, the features and advantages presented in connection with the detection devices according to the invention, the vehicle according to the invention, and the method according to the invention, and their respective advantageous embodiments, apply to each other accordingly and vice versa. The individual features and advantages can, of course, be combined with each other, whereby further advantageous effects can arise that go beyond the sum of the individual effects. Short description of the drawings

[0069] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Those skilled in the art will expediently consider the features disclosed in the drawings, the description, and the claims in combination individually and combine them to form useful further combinations. The figures show schematically: Figure 1 shows a front view of a vehicle with a driver assistance system and a LiDAR system for monitoring a surveillance area in the direction of travel in front of the vehicle; Figure 2 shows a section of a LiDAR system which is installed in the vehicle from Figure 1 can be used with a housing testing device according to a first embodiment; Figure 3 a front view of a window of the LiDAR system from the Figure 2with track-shaped antenna structures of the housing testing device; Figure 4 shows a front view of a window of a LiDAR system, with circular antenna structures of a housing testing device according to a second exemplary embodiment, which can be used in the LiDAR system from Figures 1 to 3; Figure 5 shows a front view of a window of a LiDAR system, with RFID chips of a housing testing device according to the third exemplary embodiment, which can be used in the LiDAR system from the Figures 1 to 3 can be used.

[0070] In the figures, identical components are provided with identical reference symbols. Embodiment(s) of the invention

[0071] In the Figure 1 A vehicle 10 in the form of a passenger car is shown in the front view. The vehicle 10 has a detection device in the form of a LiDAR system 12. The LiDAR system 12 is in the Figure 2shown in a cross-section. The LiDAR system 12 is located, for example, in the front bumper of the vehicle 10. With the LiDAR system 12, a surveillance area 14 can be monitored, for example, in the direction of travel in front of the vehicle 10 for objects 16. The LiDAR system 12 can also be arranged at a different location and with a different orientation on the vehicle 10. The vehicle 10 can also have multiple LiDAR systems 12.

[0072] Furthermore, the vehicle 10 has a driver assistance system 18. With the driver assistance system 18, the vehicle 10 can be operated autonomously or semi-autonomously. The LiDAR system 12 is connected to the driver assistance system 18. In this way, information about the monitoring area 14 determined by the LiDAR system 12, for example, information about objects 16 in the monitoring area 14, can be transmitted to the driver assistance system 18 and used therewith to control the operation of the vehicle 10.

[0073] With the LiDAR system 12, object information, for example distances, directions and / or speeds of detected objects 16 relative to the LiDAR system 12 or to a reference area of the vehicle 10, for example a vehicle longitudinal axis and / or a vehicle transverse axis of the vehicle 10, can be determined.

[0074] The LiDAR system 12 can detect stationary or moving objects, such as vehicles, persons, gestures, movements, animals, plants, obstacles, road surface irregularities, such as potholes or stones, road markings, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like.

[0075] The LiDAR system 12 comprises a housing 20. The housing 20 has a transmission housing section in the form of a window 22 on a side which faces the monitoring area 14 in the operating state. The window 22 is in the Figure 3shown in the front view from the monitoring area 14. The window 22 comprises a transmit window section 22s, into which Figures 2 and 3 above, and a reception window section 22e, below.

[0076] A detection transmitting device 24, a detection receiving device 26 and an electronic control and evaluation device 28 are arranged in the housing 20.

[0077] The LiDAR system 12 further comprises a housing testing device 30. The housing testing device 30 can be used to test the functional status of the window 22. The housing testing device 30 comprises a test transceiver 32 and a plurality of test response devices according to a first exemplary embodiment, for example in the form of antenna structures 34.

[0078] The test transmitting and receiving device 32 is located within the housing 20. The antenna structures 34 are arranged on the outside of the transmitting window section 22s and are firmly connected thereto.

[0079] The detection and transmission device 24, the detection and reception device 26, the control and evaluation device 28, and the test transmission and reception device 32 are arranged, for example, on a common carrier, for example a circuit board 36. The detection and transmission device 24, the detection and reception device 26, the control and evaluation device 28, and the test transmission and reception device 32 can also be arranged on different carriers, even in a decentralized manner.

[0080] The detection and transmission device 24 transmits electromagnetic detection signals 38 through the transmission window section 22s into the monitored area 14. The detection and transmission device 24 comprises a light source, for example in the form of a laser. The laser can generate electromagnetic detection signals 38 in the form of laser light pulses. The detection and transmission device 24 can further comprise light-influencing devices, for example, optical lenses, optical deflection devices, or the like, with which the detection signals 38 can be shaped and / or directed.

[0081] For example, the LiDAR system 12 is designed as a so-called flash LiDAR system. The detection signals 38 are emitted as a flash, which simultaneously illuminates the surveillance area 14.

[0082] The window 22 is made of a material that is permeable to the detection signals 38. The antenna structures 34 are designed on the window 22, or rather the transmission window section 22, in such a way that they do not interfere with the propagation of the detection signals 38 into the monitoring area 14.

[0083] The detection signals 38 that strike an object 16 are reflected by the object as electromagnetic echo detection signals 40. The echo detection signals 40, which are reflected toward the LiDAR system 12, pass through the receiving window section 22b to the detection receiving device 26.

[0084] The detection-receiving device 26 comprises, for example, a detector with which the received echo detection signals 40 can be converted into electrical signals. Furthermore, the detection-receiving device 26 can optionally comprise optical components with which the echo detection signals 40 can be influenced, for example, focused on the at least one detector.

[0085] The detector of the detection-receiving device 26 is, for example, a detector designed for the wavelength of the light emitted by the detection-transmitting device 24, in particular a point sensor, line sensor or area sensor, in particular an (avalanche) photodiode, a photodiode array, a CCD sensor, an active pixel sensor, for example a CMOS sensor or the like.

[0086] From the electrical signals which are determined from the echo detection signals 40 by the detection-receiving device 26, the distance, the speed and / or the direction of the detected object 16 relative to the LiDAR system 12 are determined, for example, according to a time-of-flight method.

[0087] The test transmitting and receiving device 32 of the housing test device 30 is directed towards the transmitting window section 22s.

[0088] The antenna structures 34 are embedded in the exterior of the transmission window section 22s. For example, the antenna structures 34 on the exterior of the transmission window section 22s are unprotected from the environment. Therefore, they are exposed to external influences, in particular stone chips or the like, to the same extent as the exterior of the transmission window section 22s. The antenna structures 34 are embedded in the surface of the transmission window section 22s, for example, as narrow electrical conductors, for example as an indium oxide layer or the like. Alternatively, the antenna structures 34 can be vapor-deposited onto the surface of the transmission window section 22s or implemented in another way.

[0089] In the Figures 2 and 3In the example shown, three antenna structures 34 are arranged in the form of parallel electrically conductive tracks, which extend almost over the entire width of the transmission window section 22s. The antenna structures 34 are perpendicular to their direction of extension, in the Figures 2 and 3 from bottom to top, distributed over the transmission window section 22s.

[0090] With the housing testing device 30, the functional state of the window 22, or of the transmission window section 22s, can be tested without contact during operation of the LiDAR system 12 and / or during operational breaks.

[0091] To test the functional status of the transmission window section 22s, electromagnetic test signals 46 in the form of high-frequency signals are transmitted by the test transceiver 32. The test signals 46 are transmitted in the direction of the transmission window section 22s and the antenna structures 34. Each antenna structure 34 generates a respective electromagnetic response signal 48, also in the form of high-frequency signals, in response to the test signals 46.

[0092] The transmission frequency of the test transceiver 32 and the resonant frequencies of the antenna structures 34 are matched to one another such that response signals 48 can be generated with the highest possible efficiency using the antenna structures 34. For example, the transmission frequency of the test transceiver 32 and the resonant frequency of the antenna structures 34 are identical. Alternatively, the resonant frequencies can also be harmonic multiples of the transmission frequency.

[0093] The response signals 48 are received by the test transmitting and receiving device 32. The test transmitting and receiving device 32 converts the response signals 48 into actual state variables in the form of electrical signals.

[0094] The actual state variables characterize the actual functional state of the transmission window section 22s. The functional state of the transmission window section 22s can be changed, for example, by damage to or missing parts of the transmission window section 22s. Changes in the functional state of the transmission window section 22s can be caused, for example, by deep scratches in the outer surface, cracking or breaking, hole formation, for example due to stone chips or the like, or a complete or partial absence of the transmission window section 22s. Since the antenna structures 34 are arranged directly on the transmission window section 22s and connected to it, changes in the functional state of the transmission window section 22s also affect the response properties of the antenna structures 34. This changes the response signal 48 of the affected antenna structures 34 and the respective actual state variable.

[0095] The housing testing device 30 has comparison means 50. The comparison means 50 can be implemented, for example, in the control and evaluation device 28 in software and / or hardware.

[0096] The comparison means 50 compares the actual state variables with corresponding reference state variables.

[0097] The reference state variables are predefined, for example, in a storage medium. The storage medium can, for example, be part of the control and evaluation device 28. The reference state variables characterize a reference functional state of the transmission window section 22s, in which it is fully functional.

[0098] The reference state variables can be determined, for example, during a calibration of the LiDAR system 12, for example, at the end of a production line. Deviations from the reference state of the transmission window section 22s, for example due to damage or the absence of at least parts of the transmission window section 22s, can lead to detection signals 38 escaping into the environment in an uncontrolled manner. Uncontrolled detection signals 38 can, for example, cause health damage, in particular eye damage, to people exposed to the illumination. To ensure the required eye safety, detection signals 38 that escape into the environment in an uncontrolled manner must therefore be prevented.

[0099] If, during the comparison with the comparison means 22s between the actual state variables and the reference state variables, a deviation of the actual state variables from the reference state variables is detected, for example, outside a predetermined tolerance, which can also be zero, a corresponding state warning signal is output by the housing testing device 30. In response to the state warning signal, the transmission of further detection signals 38 is stopped.

[0100] The comparison means 50, the storage means and any further electronic control and evaluation components of the housing testing device 30 can be implemented at least partially in the control and evaluation device 28 or with separate components.

[0101] In the Figure 4 A window 22 with antenna structures 34 according to a second embodiment is shown. The elements that correspond to those of the embodiment from the Figures 2 and 3are similar, are provided with the same reference numerals. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the antenna structures 34 are realized in the form of several concentric circular arrangements.

[0102] In the Figure 5 A window 22 with test response devices according to a third embodiment is shown. In contrast to the first and second embodiments, the third embodiment provides test response devices in the form of RFID chips 134 instead of antenna structures 34. The RFID chips 134 are embedded in the window 22, distributed across the transmission window section 22s.

[0103] Each RFID chip 134 comprises a transponder with an antenna and an electrical component. The antenna can receive the test signals 46 from the test transceiver 32. The electronic component can generate respective response signals 48 in response to the test signals 46. The response signals 48 can be transmitted using the antennas of the RFID chips 134. In this way, an individual response signal 48 can be generated with each RFID chip 134. On the test transceiver 32 side, each response signal 48 can be assigned to the corresponding RFID chip 134 and thus to the corresponding location of the transmission window section 22s in which this RFID chip 134 is located.In the event of deviations of the respective actual state variables from the reference state variables, the location of the transmission window section 22s can be identified at which the functional state is changed and thus impaired, for example due to damage or partial absence of the window section 22s.

Claims

1. Detection device (12) for monitoring at least one monitoring area (14) by means of detection signals (38, 40), having at least one housing (20) in which at least one detection transmitting device (24) for transmitting detection signals (38, 40) is arranged, wherein the at least one housing (20) has at least one transmission housing portion (22) for transmitting detection signals (38, 40), wherein the detection device (12) has at least one housing test device (30) that can be used to test a functional state of at least one housing portion (22) of the at least one housing (20) and to generate at least one state signal when an actual functional state that is different from a reference functional state of the housing portion (22) is identified, wherein the at least one housing test device (30) has at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) that can be used to transmit electromagnetic test signals (46) and to receive electromagnetic response signals (48) and convert them into actual state variables that characterize an actual functional state of the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, wherein the at least one housing test device (30) has at least one comparison means (50) that can be used to compare at least one actual state variable and at least one predefined reference state variable, which characterizes a predefined reference functional state of the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, and to take the result of the comparison as a basis for generating at least one corresponding state signal, characterized in that the at least one housing test device (30) has at least one test response device (34; 134) that is arranged on the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, wherein the test transmitting and receiving device (32) can transmit electromagnetic test signals (46) to the at least one test response device (34; 134) and can receive electromagnetic response signals (48) that emanate from the at least one test response device (34; 134) as a response to electromagnetic test signals (46), wherein the at least one test response device (34; 134) has, or consists of, at least one antenna structure (34) that is arranged directly on, and is connected to, the housing portion (22) to be tested, with the result that changes in the functional state of the housing portion (22) to be tested affect the response properties of the antenna structure (34).

2. Detection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) and / or at least one test response device (34; 134) is designed to send and / or receive electromagnetic short-wave signals.

3. Detection device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that multiple test response devices (34; 134) are arranged along the at least one housing portion (22) in a distributed manner and / or at least one test response device (34) extends along at least one part of the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested.

4. Detection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one test response device (134) has at least one electrical component that can be used to generate electromagnetic response signals (48) in response to electromagnetic test signals (46).

5. Detection device according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one electrical component is a passive component and / or at least one electrical component is an active component.

6. Detection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of at least one test response device (34; 134) is arranged in the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested and / or on a surface of the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested and / or at least part of at least one test response device (34; 134) is connected to the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested.

7. Detection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) is arranged in the at least one housing (20).

8. Detection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one transmission frequency for electromagnetic test signals (46) of the at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) and a resonant frequency for electromagnetic test signals (46) of the test response device (34; 134) are matched to each other.

9. Detection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one detection transmitting device (24) is designed to send electromagnetic detection signals (38, 40) and / or the frequency ranges of the electromagnetic detection signals (38, 40) and the electromagnetic test signals (46) do not overlap and / or the detection device (12) has at least one detection receiving device (26).

10. Detection device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one test response device (34; 134) is arranged on at least one transmission housing portion (22).

11. Vehicle (10) having at least one detection device (12) according to Claim 1.

12. Method for operating a housing test device (30) of a detection device (12) that is intended for monitoring at least one monitoring area (14) by means of detection signals (38, 40), in which at least one housing test device (30) of the detection device (12) is used to test a functional state of at least one housing portion (22) of at least one housing (20) of the detection device (12) and to generate at least one state signal when an actual functional state that is different from a reference functional state of the housing portion (22) is identified, wherein at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) is used to transmit electromagnetic test signals (46), and the at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) is used to receive electromagnetic response signals (48) and convert them into actual state variables that characterize an actual functional state of the at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, at least one comparison means (50) is used to compare at least one actual state variable and at least one predefined reference state variable, which characterizes a predefined reference functional state of at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, and to take the result of the comparison as a basis for generating at least one corresponding state signal, characterized in that the at least one test transmitting and receiving device (32) is used to transmit electromagnetic test signals (46) to at least one test response device (34; 134) that is arranged on at least one housing portion (22) to be tested, and the at least one test response device (34; 134) is used to output electromagnetic response signals (48) as a response to electromagnetic test signals (46), wherein the at least one test response device (34; 134) has, or consists of, at least one antenna structure (34) that is arranged directly on, and is connected to, the housing portion (22) to be tested, with the result that changes in the functional state of the housing portion (22) to be tested affect the response properties of the antenna structure (34).