METHOD FOR OPERATING A WIND PARK CONNECTIBLE TO AN EXTERNAL POWER GRID

Description

[0001] The application relates to a method for operating a wind farm (onshore and / or offshore) that can be connected to an external power grid, wherein the wind farm comprises at least a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine. The method is, in particular, a control method. Furthermore, the application relates to a wind farm, a computer program, and a computer-readable storage medium.

[0002] To provide electrical energy, increasingly more power generation plants are being used that are based on so-called renewable energies. One example of such a power generation plant is a wind turbine. A wind turbine is designed to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy.

[0003] Preferably, a wind farm can consist of multiple wind turbines, which can be interconnected via an internal power grid. The wind farm can have at least one wind farm connection or grid connection. The grid connection serves to connect the wind farm or its internal power grid to an external power grid, such as a public power grid. The electrical power or energy generated by the wind farm, i.e., by all the wind turbines in the wind farm, is fed into the external power grid via this grid connection. The total electrical power generated by the wind farm is also referred to as the total power output of the wind farm, which is composed of the individual electrical power outputs generated by the respective wind turbines.

[0004] A fundamental concern with electrical grids is maintaining the stability of the external power grid. This means, in particular, ensuring that the total electrical power fed into the external grid essentially equals the total power drawn from it at virtually any given time. Therefore, if, for example, less power is drawn from the external grid—that is, if less power is consumed by electrical loads—it is necessary to reduce the power fed into the external grid accordingly to prevent a blackout.

[0005] To ensure this, a grid monitoring entity may be provided. This entity is configured to generate a power adjustment instruction containing at least a predefined maximum permissible total power output for the wind farm. The predefined maximum permissible total power output of the wind farm refers to the maximum electrical power or energy that the wind farm is allowed to feed into the external power grid at the grid connection point.

[0006] The network operator's monitoring entity is specifically designed to transmit the generated power adjustment instruction to the wind farm, in particular to the wind farm's control system (also referred to as a wind farm controller). The wind farm control system is configured to adjust the total power generated by the wind farm (and fed into the external power grid) in such a way that the power fed into the external power grid by the wind farm does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power.

[0007] It is known from the prior art that, upon receiving a power adjustment instruction, the wind farm control system adjusts each wind turbine by the same power adjustment value, or rather, controls each wind turbine accordingly. For example, if the wind farm comprises a first and a second wind turbine, and the power adjustment instruction specifies or requires a 50% reduction in the total generated power, the power generated by the first wind turbine is reduced to 50%, and the power generated by the second wind turbine is also reduced to 50%. In this way, the wind farm control system can transmit corresponding setpoints to the first and second wind turbines, or control them with corresponding setpoints. This known control method ensures that the specifications of the grid operator are met.The power adjustment instructions can be reliably fulfilled. However, a disadvantage is that the power output of the wind farm (especially in relation to its lifetime) is reduced.

[0008] Another well-known rule procedure is disclosed in US 2013 / 038060 A1.

[0009] Therefore, the application is based on the task of providing a (regulatory) procedure for operating a wind farm that can be connected to an external power grid, in which the disadvantages of the state of the art are reduced and, in particular, the overall energy yield of the wind farm (especially with regard to the lifetime of the wind farm) is increased.

[0010] The problem is solved, according to a first aspect of the application, by a method, in particular a control method, according to claim 1. The method serves to operate a wind farm, in particular to control the generated electrical power of the wind farm. The wind farm comprises at least a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine. The method comprises (the steps): Providing a plurality of state parameters for the first wind turbine of the wind farm, providing a plurality of state parameters for the second wind turbine of the wind farm, generating a first load factor for the first wind turbine based on the provided state parameters of the first wind turbine, generating a second load factor for the second wind turbine based on the provided state parameters of the second wind turbine, receiving a power adjustment instruction containing at least a specified maximum permissible total power of the wind farm, and adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm by adjusting the first individual power generated by the first wind turbine based on the generated first load factor, and by adjusting the second individual power generated by the second wind turbine based on the generated second load factor, such thatthat the power fed into the external power grid by the wind farm does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power.

[0011] By providing a control procedure as registered, whereby the wind turbines of the wind farm are individually controlled upon receipt of a power adjustment instruction, depending on their respective (current) load state, the overall energy yield of the wind farm is increased. For example, if a total power reduction is required, the individual power output of the first wind turbine with a higher (or worse) load factor can be reduced more significantly than the individual power output of the second wind turbine with a lower (or better) load factor.

[0012] This particularly increases the lifespan of the individual wind turbines in the wind farm, thus increasing the wind farm's overall power output, especially over its lifetime. For example, the first wind turbine can be shut down while the second generates maximum power if the load factor of the first turbine is at least higher than that of the second. Specifically, as per the registration, the wind farm implements condition-based, individualized control of the wind turbines.

[0013] The application procedure is primarily a regulatory procedure and serves to control the output of the wind farm. An application wind farm consists of at least two wind turbines. The wind farm can be an onshore or an offshore wind farm. In an offshore wind farm, the wind turbines can be anchored to or in the underwater seabed, particularly the seabed, via a foundation structure (e.g., monopile, tripod, triplepile, or jacket foundations). Alternatively or additionally, offshore wind turbines can be designed as floating offshore wind turbines. A floating offshore wind turbine can have at least one floating foundation with at least one float.

[0014] The at least two wind turbines of the wind farm are electrically interconnected via an internal power grid. This internal power grid comprises multiple power cables. The internal power grid is electrically connected to an external power grid via a wind farm connection or grid connection. The external power grid could, for example, be a public power grid. The external power grid can be operated, and in particular monitored, by at least one grid monitoring entity of the grid operator.

[0015] The wind farm may have a (central) wind farm control system (also called a wind farm controller). The wind farm control system can be integrated into a wind turbine or into another structure within the wind farm (e.g., a substation or a remotely located control center). The wind farm control system includes, in particular, a wind farm regulator or power controller, designed to regulate the total power generated by the wind farm. This total power is primarily fed into the external power grid via the wind farm connection. A portion of the generated power can be used to supply internal wind farm consumers, so that in practice only a (large) portion of the generated power is fed into the external power grid.

[0016] According to the application, the first wind turbine provides a plurality of state parameters, preferably to the wind farm control system. In particular, a sensor arrangement with a plurality of sensors can be arranged in or on the first wind turbine. Furthermore, according to the application, the second wind turbine provides a plurality of state parameters, preferably to the wind farm control system. In particular, a sensor arrangement with a plurality of sensors can be arranged in or on the second wind turbine.

[0017] A sensor can be configured to (in particular, at least almost continuously) detect a state parameter. The detected state parameter values ​​can be provided to the wind farm control system (e.g., via a data or communication network). In this context, a state parameter refers in particular to an electrical, mechanical, or structural load parameter of a wind turbine, i.e., a parameter that relates (directly or indirectly) to the (current) electrical and / or mechanical or structural load of a wind turbine.

[0018] Based on at least two (different) state parameters of a wind turbine, a (momentary) load factor for this wind turbine is generated, preferably by the wind farm control system. The load factor is based directly on these at least two state parameters. A load factor is therefore, in particular, an indication of the (momentary) load state of the wind turbine.

[0019] As per the application, a first load factor for the first wind turbine and a second load factor for the second wind turbine are generated, specifically calculated. In other words, a load factor is generated for each wind turbine in the wind farm, specifically one that is valid for the respective wind turbine.

[0020] Under normal operating conditions, there are no restrictions on feeding electrical power into the external grid at the grid connection point. In other words, the total power generated by the wind farm (minus its own consumption) is fed into the external grid under normal operating conditions.

[0021] As previously described, a received power adjustment instruction may necessitate adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm. For example, the grid operator or the grid monitoring entity may generate a power adjustment instruction and transmit it to the wind farm control system (via a data or communication network).

[0022] A power adjustment instruction contains at least one specified maximum permissible total power output for the wind farm. This specified maximum permissible total power output refers to the electrical power or energy that the wind farm is permitted to feed into the connected external power grid at the wind farm connection point.

[0023] Based on the specified maximum permissible total output of the wind farm, the total output generated by the wind farm is adjusted or changed (i.e., reduced or increased). The total output generated by the wind farm is comprised of the individual outputs generated by each of the wind turbines within the wind farm. As per the application, upon receipt of an output adjustment instruction, the individual outputs are not changed uniformly, but rather adjusted individually, depending on the respective load factor, i.e., in particular, the respective load condition of each turbine.

[0024] The first power output of the first wind turbine is adjusted, particularly by the wind farm control system, depending on the initial load factor generated by the first wind turbine. Similarly, the second power output of the second wind turbine is adjusted, particularly by the wind farm control system, depending on the initial load factor generated by the second wind turbine.

[0025] In other words, the adjustment, and in particular the reduction, of the individual power output of each wind turbine is carried out individually and is based primarily on the respective electrical and / or mechanical (or structural) condition or load state of the respective wind turbine. This means, in particular, that the power output adjustment will vary depending on the load factors.

[0026] In particular, if a power reduction is required, the individual power output of a first wind turbine, which has a higher load state (and thus, in particular, a higher load factor than a second wind turbine), can be reduced more than the individual power output of the second wind turbine. This also applies specifically to the case where the first wind turbine is stopped while no power reduction occurs in the second wind turbine.

[0027] The individual outputs of the first and second wind turbines are adjusted and regulated in such a way that the total power fed into the external grid by the wind farm does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power. The specified maximum permissible total power is therefore adhered to by the wind farm at the grid connection point.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the patented method, adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm can include adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm by a total power adjustment value. The total power adjustment value can be a total power reduction value. The total power adjustment value can be determined, for example, from the power currently being fed (permissibly) into the external power grid and the specified maximum permissible total power (in particular by calculating the difference).

[0029] The total power adjustment value is divided into a first individual power adjustment value for the first wind turbine and a second individual power adjustment value for the second wind turbine. An individual power adjustment value can be an individual power reduction value. The division can be based on the first load factor and the second load factor. This allows for simple individual adjustment or control of the respective individual power outputs of the wind turbines, fulfilling the required total power adjustment.

[0030] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, the wind farm can comprise three or more wind turbines. As already described, all wind turbines can be electrically connected to each other via an internal power grid (indirectly (e.g., via another wind turbine or a substation or the like) or directly).

[0031] For each wind turbine, a number of condition parameters can be recorded. A load factor can be generated for each wind turbine, based on these recorded condition parameters. Adjusting or regulating the total power generated by the wind farm is achieved by adjusting the individual power output of each wind turbine in the wind farm, based on the respective load factors, such that the power fed into the external grid by the wind farm does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power. In other words, preferably, the individual power outputs of each wind turbine in the wind farm are adjusted individually, depending on the respective electrical and / or mechanical load condition.This could, for example, lead to at least one wind turbine being completely shut down, at least one wind turbine being reduced to 50% and / or at least one wind turbine continuing to operate without power reduction.

[0032] Adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm can involve changing the total power generated by a power adjustment value, as previously described. This power adjustment value can be distributed among the individual power adjustment values ​​of each wind turbine in the wind farm. This distribution can be based on the respective load factors of each wind turbine in the wind farm.

[0033] According to the invention, at least one component condition parameter of a component connected to a wind turbine (e.g., a power cable, a separate converter, etc.) of the wind farm is additionally provided. This component is not part of the wind turbine itself. According to the invention, the generation of the load factor for this wind turbine is additionally based on the component condition parameter. The additional component can be directly or indirectly connected to the wind turbine. This can be taken into account, for example, by weighting. For example, the wind farm can include at least one component sensor configured for (at least nearly continuously) acquiring the component condition parameter. For example, a temperature sensor can be provided, configured for acquiring the cable temperature of a power cable.

[0034] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the patented method, the plurality of state parameters can include at least one status code of a wind turbine. A status code is an internal operating state of a wind turbine (which can be provided, for example, via a SCADA system of the wind farm). A status code can, in particular, have a parameter value selected from the group comprising "Grid OK", (manual) shutdown of the turbine, alarm, and warning. The instantaneous load is particularly high when the turbine is shut down, while it is low when the status includes "Grid OK". In the first case, a high load factor is generated, while in the second case, the load factor is low (this is, of course, only true if a high load corresponds to a high load factor and a low load to a low load factor).

[0035] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, the plurality of state parameters can include at least one meteorological parameter present (in particular, measured) at a wind turbine. It has been recognized that the instantaneous load on a wind turbine can depend on the (instantaneous) meteorological conditions at the wind turbine. The meteorological parameter can, in particular, be a wind speed. Alternatively, or preferably additionally, the meteorological parameter can be a wind direction. The actual instantaneous load on a wind turbine can thus be determined with even greater precision.

[0036] According to a preferred further embodiment of the method according to the application, the plurality of state parameters can include at least one component state parameter (also referred to as a health index parameter) of a wind turbine. The at least one state parameter indicates, in particular, the (current) state of the component / assembly of the wind turbine.

[0037] The at least one component state parameter can be selected from the group comprising at least one rotor state parameter, at least one gearbox state parameter, at least one generator state parameter, at least one converter state parameter, at least one control state parameter (and / or regulation state parameter), at least one drive train state parameter and at least one tower state parameter.

[0038] It is understood that multiple state parameters can include further component state parameters of other wind turbine components. In particular, a component state parameter can be formed from multiple individual values ​​relating to a specific wind turbine component. A wind turbine component can be a group of components within the wind turbine, which may consist of multiple subcomponents or sub-parts. A component state parameter can include or be formed from multiple subcomponent state parameters of the respective subcomponents. For example, a generator state parameter can include or be formed from an induction coil state parameter, a slip ring state parameter, a drive shaft state parameter, etc.A tower state parameter can comprise or be composed of a tower base state parameter, a middle tower section state parameter, and / or an upper tower section state parameter. The other component state parameters can be composed accordingly. A control state parameter can be composed of a wind direction tracking state parameter, a pitch control state parameter, etc. It is understood that a subcomponent can also be composed of multiple subcomponents, and so on. For example, a wind direction tracking state parameter can be composed of an actuator state parameter, a sensor state parameter, etc.

[0039] In some registration variants, a clustering into a state parameter of the electrical wind turbine components, a state parameter of the structural wind turbine components, and / or a state parameter of the mechanical wind turbine components can be performed, either alternatively or additionally. Such a state parameter can also comprise or be derived from a plurality of subcomponent state parameters.

[0040] Preferably, the plurality of state parameters can comprise at least two of the aforementioned component state parameters, and particularly preferably three or more. A component state parameter is, in particular, information about the (stress) condition (e.g., new, defective, etc.) of a wind turbine component. Examples of wind turbine components include a blade or rotor blade, a gearbox, a generator, an inverter, and a tower.

[0041] Preferably, the at least one component condition parameter can include at least one defect type and / or a defect severity rating of a wind turbine component. The defect severity rating can, in particular, include the degree (e.g., between "failure" and "no defect") of a specific defect or defect type. Preferably, the defect type can also be weighted according to its relevance to the operational capability of the wind turbine component. Therefore, the load factor can be higher the greater the relevance of the defect type to operational capability and / or the higher the defect severity.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, the component condition parameter can include at least one component failure time estimate for a wind turbine component. A component failure time estimate is understood to be an indication of the expected failure time of the component in the event of an actual failure. For example, the component failure time estimate can be determined based on historical failure time data. Repair times, delivery times for a spare part, etc., can be taken into account. Therefore, the higher the component failure time estimate, the higher the load factor can be.

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, the component condition parameter can include at least one component repair specification (which may, for example, include a repair cost specification) for a wind turbine component. Therefore, the load factor can be higher the higher the component repair specification.

[0044] Furthermore, alternatively or additionally, at least one component condition parameter can include a remaining service life estimate for the wind turbine component. For example, the remaining service life estimate can be based on the current component condition, such as a defect grade, and historical component data, such as the actual measured remaining service life of a component starting from a similar component condition. A predicted imminent component failure (e.g., within the next x months) can, for example, lead to a high stress state for the wind turbine component and, in particular, for the wind turbine itself. Therefore, the stress factor can be higher the greater the probability of an (imminent) failure of the wind turbine component.

[0045] According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the application, the at least one component state parameter can be weighted with a component weighting factor. The component weighting factor can, in particular, indicate the relevance of the wind turbine component to the operational capability (and / or stability) of the wind turbine (as a whole) (and / or the HSE (Health and Safety Environment) relevance of the wind turbine component). For example, the weighted component state parameter (value) xn for component n of a component state parameter (value) yn can be determined using formula (a). x n = b n * y n where bn is the component weighting factor.

[0046] For example, the relevance of an outdoor temperature sensor for the operational capability of a wind turbine might be classified as low. The component weighting factor for this wind turbine component can therefore be low. This means, for instance, that the load factor is low even if a complete failure of the outdoor temperature sensor is imminent (e.g., within the next two weeks).

[0047] Furthermore, the relevance of a wing or rotor blade, for example, can be classified as very high for the operational capability of the wind turbine. The component weighting factor for this wind turbine component can therefore be high. This means, for instance, that the load factor is high even if a rotor blade failure is only likely in the distant future (e.g., > 1 year). This can result in this wind turbine being shut down (if necessary), while the wind turbine with the defective outdoor temperature sensor continues to operate without any reduction in power output.

[0048] According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the application, the plurality of state parameters can include at least one wind farm position parameter of a wind turbine. In particular, it has been recognized according to the application that the instantaneous load on a wind turbine can depend on the location of the wind turbine within the wind farm. A wind farm position parameter specifies, in particular, the spatial arrangement of the wind turbine within the wind farm. Specifically, different shading losses and / or turbulence can occur at the wind turbines in a wind farm due to the park configuration. Obstacles such as forests, hills, etc., also influence the load state.

[0049] For example, a first wind turbine at a primary location (e.g., a central location within the wind farm) experiences higher turbulence compared to a second wind turbine at a secondary location (e.g., at the edge of the wind farm). The stress level of the first wind turbine can therefore be classified as higher than that of the second. This can result, for instance, in the first wind turbine having a higher stress factor than the second. Consequently, the first wind turbine may be shut down (if necessary), while the second wind turbine continues to operate without any reduction in power output.

[0050] In particular, the wind farm position parameter can be a parameter dependent on a meteorological parameter, such as the (current) wind speed and / or (current) wind direction. For example, increased turbulence may occur at the location of a first wind turbine (only) when the wind comes from a specific direction, while the turbulence at this location is lower for a second wind direction (which differs from the first by, for example, at least 45°, preferably at least 90°). The stress state of the first wind turbine for the first wind direction present (or measured) at the first wind turbine can therefore be classified as higher than the stress state of the first wind turbine for the second wind direction present (or measured) at the first wind turbine.This means, for example, that the (instantaneous) load factor of the first wind turbine is higher in the first case than the (instantaneous) load factor in the second case. In the first case, the operation of the first wind turbine can be stopped, while in the second case, the first wind turbine can continue to operate without any reduction in power output.

[0051] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, the majority of state parameters can be at least an age indication of the wind turbine (and / or the connected component, such as a power cable) and / or the total power already generated during the lifetime of the wind turbine. The load factor can be higher the older the wind turbine (and / or the connected component) is and / or the higher the total power already generated by this wind turbine.

[0052] In order to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the (current) load state of a wind turbine, at least two, preferably three or more, state parameters of a wind turbine are recorded according to the application, and the generation of each load factor is based on these parameters. In particular, the generation can be based on a predefined load algorithm. An example of a load algorithm is the following formula (b). F B = a 1 * x 1 + a 2 * x 2 + … a m * x m where FB is the generated, in particular calculated, load factor, x1 to xm are the respective values ​​of the state parameters, and am to am are the respective weighting factors for m state parameters. A state parameter xm can, for example, be a weighted component state parameter xn (see formula (a)). It is understood that other algorithms may be provided.

[0053] Preferably, according to a further embodiment of the method according to the application, a weighting factor can be assigned to each state parameter. The generation of a stress factor can be based on the plurality of state parameters and the respective weighting factors (or a plurality of weighted state parameters). The accuracy of the assessment of the current stress state can thus be improved even further.

[0054] According to a preferred weighting factor scheme, a weighting factor for a status code can, in particular, be greater than a weighting factor for a meteorological parameter. Preferably, in addition (but also alternatively), the weighting factor of the meteorological parameter can be greater than a weighting factor for a component state parameter in this weighting factor scheme. Preferably, in addition (but also alternatively), the weighting factor of the component state parameter can be greater than a weighting factor for a wind farm position parameter in this weighting factor scheme.

[0055] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the application, the at least one load factor can be a normalized load factor F BN. In particular, the scaling factor N can be the (currently achievable) price per kWh: F BN = F B / N

[0056] In particular, it has been recognized that the state parameters, and thus especially a load factor, can depend on the currently achievable price per kWh. Specifically, this allows for power control based on the respective levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the individual wind turbines.

[0057] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, the generation of a load factor can be based on a plurality of state parameters and additionally on at least one predicted meteorological parameter at a wind turbine. In particular, this allows the future load on a wind turbine to be estimated. A predicted meteorological parameter (e.g., an (average) wind direction and / or (average) wind speed) can be provided by a meteorological service provider.

[0058] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, a load factor can be applied regularly (e.g., every x minutes, such as every 15 minutes, every 30 minutes, etc.) and / or preferably upon detection of a change in a state parameter value. Preferably, a wind farm can include a detection device (for example, integrated into the wind farm control system) configured to detect a (predefined) minimum deviation between an currently provided state parameter value and a previously provided state parameter value. Upon such detection, the detection device can trigger a recalculation of the load factor, taking the changed state parameter value into account.

[0059] According to a further embodiment of the patented method, the power adjustment instruction can include the specified maximum permissible total power output of the wind farm and a specified adjustment time from which the power fed into the external power grid by the wind farm must comply with the specified maximum permissible total power output of the wind farm. The method can include: Determining the power tolerance band to be adhered to by the wind farm for the specified maximum permissible total power, determining the time tolerance band to be adhered to by the wind farm for the specified adjustment time, and carrying out the adjustment of the total power generated by the wind farm by utilizing the time tolerance band and the power tolerance band.

[0060] In particular, it is common practice in the prior art to adjust the total generated power in such a way that the power fed into the external power grid by the wind farm precisely meets the specified maximum permissible total power at the predetermined adjustment time. According to the application, it has been specifically recognized that the power yield can be increased if the existing tolerances, in particular a power tolerance band and / or a time tolerance band, are utilized or fully exploited.

[0061] In particular, a power tolerance band can be defined. For example, the power tolerance band can specify that deviations of X% (e.g., 5%) from the specified permissible total power Pz are tolerated. Specifically, adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm by utilizing the power tolerance band means that the power fed into the external power grid does not exceed the power Pz + X%.

[0062] In addition, a time tolerance band can be defined. For example, the time tolerance band can specify that deviations of X% (e.g., 5%) from the predetermined adjustment time Ta are tolerated. Specifically, adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm using the time tolerance band means that the power fed into the external grid will not exceed the maximum permissible power (specifically, the power Pz + X%) until Ta + X% (when a power reduction is required). If a power increase is required, it can be implemented at the earliest possible time (Ta - X%). The power output of the wind farm can thus be increased even further.

[0063] According to a further embodiment of the patent application, if the specified maximum permissible total power output is zero, the internal energy demand of the wind farm can be determined. Adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm can additionally be based on the determined internal energy demand and a specified energy criterion. In particular, it can be provided that the total power generated by the wind farm (exactly) covers the determined internal energy demand of the wind farm. An additional purchase of electrical power can be omitted.

[0064] Preferably, the specified energy criterion can define the conditions under which the internal energy demand is met by drawing electrical energy from the external power grid or by power generated by the wind farm. For example, the energy criterion can stipulate that, depending on the state of the external power grid (e.g., provided by the grid monitoring entity), power is drawn from the external power grid to stabilize it. The grid state can be determined, for example, by evaluating a measured (instantaneous) grid parameter (e.g., grid frequency, grid voltage, etc.) or by the (instantaneous) price per kWh. The price per kWh can be directly related to the grid state.For example, if the price per kWh for purchasing power is lower than the cost per kWh incurred by the wind farm generating that power, the power for internal consumers can be drawn from the external grid. Otherwise, the internal power demand can be met by generating the power from the wind farm. This can help stabilize the external grid and reduce the risk of a blackout.

[0065] Another aspect of the application is a computer program according to claim 14.

[0066] Another aspect of the registration is a computer-readable storage medium on which the previously described computer program is stored.

[0067] A further aspect of the application is a wind farm according to claim 15, in particular an offshore wind farm. The wind farm comprises at least a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine. The wind farm comprises at least one wind farm connection for connecting the wind farm to an external power grid. The wind farm comprises at least one wind farm control system configured for: Generating a first load factor for the first wind turbine based on provided state parameters of the first wind turbine, generating a second load factor for the second wind turbine based on acquired state parameters of the second wind turbine, receiving a power adjustment instruction with a specified maximum permissible total power of the wind farm, and adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm by adjusting the first individual power generated by the first wind turbine based on the generated first load factor, and by adjusting the second individual power generated by the second wind turbine based on the generated second load factor, such that the power fed into the external power grid by the wind farm does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power.

[0068] A previously described module or element, in particular a previously described wind farm control system, etc., can comprise at least some hardware elements (e.g., processor, memory, etc.) and / or at least some software elements (e.g., executable code, especially the aforementioned computer program). Furthermore, it should be noted that expressions such as "first, second, etc." do not indicate a sequence but merely serve to distinguish between elements (e.g., wind turbines).

[0069] The characteristics of the processes, computer programs, storage media and wind farms can be freely combined.

[0070] There are now numerous possibilities for designing and further developing the patent application's method, computer program, storage medium, and wind farm. Reference is made, on the one hand, to the claims subordinate to the independent patent claims, and on the other hand, to the description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a wind farm according to the present application, and Fig. 2 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application.

[0071] The Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a wind farm 100 according to the present application. The wind farm 100 can be an onshore wind farm 100 or an offshore wind farm 100.

[0072] The at least two wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 (five wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 are shown here as examples only) can be onshore wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 or offshore wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5. A combination of onshore and offshore wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 is also conceivable.

[0073] A wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 is designed to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. A wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 is, in particular, composed of a plurality of (individual) wind power elements, such as a tower 122, rotor blades 124 or wings 124, a generator, a gearbox, an inverter, etc.

[0074] As can be further seen, the depicted wind farm 100 includes, in particular, an internal power grid 112. An internal power grid 112 is formed, in particular, from a plurality of electrical power cables. The internal power grid 112 connects the wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5, in particular, to a wind farm connection 110 or a grid connection 110. The internal power grid 112 is specifically designed to transmit the electrical power or energy generated by the wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 to the wind farm connection 110.

[0075] Furthermore, the wind farm 100 includes a (central) wind farm control system 104. In particular, the wind farm control system 104 can be implemented in at least one computing device or computer. It is also conceivable that a distributed computer system with a plurality of networked computers is provided.

[0076] The depicted wind farm control system 104 comprises at least one wind farm controller 106 and at least one communication device 108. It is understood that a wind farm control system 104 may have a large number of additional modules / components.

[0077] The at least one wind farm controller 106 is specifically designed to regulate the total power generated by the wind farm 100. In particular, the wind farm controller 106 is designed to regulate the individual power outputs generated by the respective wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 in order to regulate the total power generated by the wind farm 100.

[0078] The wind farm control system can communicate and exchange data (bidirectionally) with the wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 via the communication device 108 and a (wired and / or wireless) communication network (not shown). In particular, the wind farm control system 104 can be used to control the wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5. For example, the wind farm control system 104 can specify setpoints, such as power setpoints or the like, in particular individual setpoints for each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5. A local control system 126, in particular a local controller 126, of a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can be configured to control, in particular regulate, the individual power generated by the respective wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 according to at least one specified setpoint.

[0079] As furthermore from the Figure 1As can be seen, the depicted wind farm 100 is connected to at least one external power grid 114 (e.g., a (public) high- or medium-voltage grid). The total power generated by wind farm 100 can be fed (at least predominantly) into the external power grid 114. It is understood that a portion of the total generated power can be used to supply internal electrical consumers (including losses that occur in practice) of wind farm 100.

[0080] Furthermore, a network monitoring entity 116 may be provided. The network monitoring entity 116 may be implemented in a separate computing device or computer. For example, the network monitoring entity 116 of a network operator of the external power grid 114 may include a monitoring module 118 for monitoring the network status of the external power grid 114, for example, based on measured network parameters of the external power grid 114, such as network frequency, network voltage, etc.

[0081] Furthermore, the network monitoring entity 116 can comprise at least one additional communication device 118. The additional communication device 118 of the network monitoring entity 116 can, in particular, be configured to communicate with the communication device 108 of the wind farm control system 104 via a further (wireless and / or wired) communication network (not shown).

[0082] The communication device 108 of the wind farm control unit 104 is specifically designed to receive a power adjustment instruction, which can be transmitted, for example, by the communication device 118 of the grid monitoring entity 116. In some registration variants, a power adjustment instruction can also be transmitted from another source.

[0083] A power adjustment instruction contains at least a specified maximum permissible total power output for wind farm 100 and preferably also a specified adjustment time from which the specified maximum permissible total power output must be adhered to by wind farm 100 at the wind farm connection 110. The specified maximum permissible total power output, in particular, defines the maximum electrical power that wind farm 100 may feed into the external power grid 114 via wind farm connection 110 (especially from the specified adjustment time). For example, the grid condition of the external power grid 114 may require a reduction in the power fed in by wind farm 100, for example, to prevent a blackout.

[0084] According to the application, a plurality of state parameters of a first wind turbine 102.1 and a plurality of state parameters of a second wind turbine 102.2 of the at least two wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100 are provided, in particular to the wind farm control system 104.

[0085] Preferably, each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100 provides a plurality of state parameters. For this purpose, each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can, in particular, have a sensor arrangement 128. The sensor arrangement 128 can comprise a plurality of sensors. A sensor can be configured to detect a state parameter and / or a parameter from which a state parameter can be derived and / or calculated. Examples of such sensors, which are not exhaustive, include pressure sensors, strain gauges, thermometers, accelerometers, voltmeters, ammeters, wind speed sensors, wind direction sensors, etc.

[0086] In addition, the wind farm may have 100 further (not shown) measuring devices, such as (separate) meteorological measuring devices (e.g. measuring masts), for example set up to measure the wind speed and / or wind direction in the (immediate) vicinity of the individual wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5.

[0087] The operation of a wind farm 100 or the power control of a wind farm 100 is illustrated below using the following example: Figure 2 described in more detail. Figure 2 Figure 1 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a method, in particular a control method, according to the present application.

[0088] In step 201, a plurality of state parameters of a first wind turbine 102.1 and in step 202, a plurality of state parameters of a second wind turbine 102.2 of the at least two wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100 can be provided. As in the Figure 2As indicated, these steps 201 and 202 can be carried out at least partially in parallel. As already described, preferably a plurality of state parameters can be provided by each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100 in corresponding (not shown) steps.

[0089] Providing a plurality of state parameters of a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can include acquiring, in particular measuring, the state parameters by at least one sensor arrangement 128. Optionally, at least one component state parameter (e.g., from a connected power cable) can be provided, as described.

[0090] As a status parameter for a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5, a status code of the wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can be continuously recorded and provided. Specifically, for each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100, the wind farm control system 104 can be informed whether the turbine is "OK" or whether a (manual) shutdown of the turbine, an alarm, and / or a warning has occurred.

[0091] Preferably, the (average and / or maximum) wind speed and / or the (average) wind direction at a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can also be (continuously) recorded as a further state parameter, for example by the sensor arrangement 128 and / or additional measuring devices, and in particular made available.

[0092] Furthermore, in particular, at least one additional component state parameter of a wind turbine component 122, 124 of a respective wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can be recorded (continuously) as a further state parameter, for example by the sensor arrangement 128, and in particular made available.

[0093] In particular, a plurality of component state parameters can be provided. For example, a tower state parameter for the respective tower 122 and a rotor state parameter for the respective blades 124 of a respective wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 can be provided. As described, further component state parameters can be provided. As also described, a component state parameter can comprise and / or be derived from a plurality of data (e.g., defect degree, component failure time, component repair, remaining service life estimate). Furthermore, a component state parameter can be a weighted component state parameter, in particular depending on the respective relevance of the respective wind turbine component 122, 124 for the operational capability of the wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 (see formula (a)).

[0094] Furthermore, a wind farm position parameter for wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 can be provided as an additional state parameter. For example, the wind farm position parameter can include information about the position of the respective wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 in relation to the other wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 (e.g., wind turbine 102.3 is centrally located, wind turbines 102.1, 102.2, 102.4, 102.5 are located at the edge of the wind farm, particularly at the northern, southern, western, and eastern edges), a geographical reference (e.g., GPS coordinates or similar), and / or information relating to obstacles (e.g., forest, hills, buildings, etc.) in the surrounding area.

[0095] The following can also be provided as condition parameters: the age of wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5, individual wind turbine components 122, 124, the total power generated so far by a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5, the wind turbine type, etc.

[0096] As described, further data, such as meteorological forecast data (e.g. regarding the (average and / or maximum) wind speed and / or the (average) wind direction at a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5), can be provided.

[0097] In step 203, a first load factor for the first wind turbine 102.1 is generated, in particular by the wind farm control system 104, based on the provided state parameters of the first wind turbine 102.1, and in step 204, a second load factor for the second wind turbine 102.2 is generated, in particular by the wind farm control system 104, based on the provided state parameters of the second wind turbine 102.2. As in the Figure 2 As indicated, these steps 203 and 204 can be carried out at least partially in parallel. As already described, a load factor can preferably be generated for each wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100, in particular by the wind farm control system 104. As described, this generation can be carried out, for example, using formula (b).

[0098] A load factor can be determined, for example, regularly (e.g., every x minutes, such as every 15 minutes) and / or preferably upon detection of a change in a state parameter value. Preferably, the wind farm 100 can include a detection device (not shown) configured to detect a (predefined) minimum deviation of a provided state parameter value from a previously provided state parameter value. Upon such detection, the detection device can trigger a recalculation of the load factor, taking the changed state parameter value into account. In other words, steps 201 to 204 (and possibly further steps for additional wind turbines) can be repeated regularly or upon the occurrence of a specific event (i.e., the aforementioned detection).

[0099] In step 205, a power adjustment instruction is received, in particular by the wind farm control system 116, which contains at least a specified maximum permissible total power output of the wind farm 100 and preferably also a specified adjustment time from which the specified maximum permissible total power output must be adhered to by the wind farm 100.

[0100] Upon receiving a power adjustment instruction, in step 206, the wind farm control system 104, in particular the wind farm controller 106, adjusts the total power generated by the wind farm 100 by adjusting the first individual power generated by the first wind turbine 102.1, based on the generated first load factor, and by adjusting the second individual power generated by the second wind turbine 102.2, based on the generated second load factor, such that the power fed into the external power grid 114 by the wind farm 100 does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power. Specifically, the total power generated by the wind farm 100 is adjusted by adjusting the respective individual power of all wind turbines 102.1 to 102.5 of the wind farm 100, each based on the respective load factors, such that the power fed into the external power grid 114 by the wind farm 100 does not exceed the specified maximum permissible total power.

[0101] In particular, a control algorithm dependent on specific load factors can be predefined in the wind farm control system. The control algorithm can specify, in particular, in stages (depending on the predefined maximum permissible total power), the individual power output of a wind turbine 102.1 to 102.5 when the load factor is within a specific load factor range. In particular, multiple load factor ranges can be predefined, with each load factor range potentially assigned a power output value. In particular, at least one assignment table or similar can be predefined.For example, a high load range can be assigned a power rating of 0% (the system is stopped), another load factor range a power rating of 50% (the system is reduced to 50% of its rated power), and another load factor range a power rating of 100% (the system continues to operate without power reduction).

[0102] It is understood that further areas may be provided and / or that these areas may change depending on the specified maximum permissible total output. Furthermore, stepless control may be provided in other variants.

[0103] The adjustment is particularly preferably carried out by utilizing or exploiting a performance tolerance band and / or time tolerance band (as described).

[0104] Further preferred embodiments, which can be combined with each other, are described below.

[0105] The patented procedure, in particular the patented control algorithm, which can be implemented in a wind farm controller, is based on the principle of maximizing the power output of the entire wind farm and the current price of the generated energy / kWh of each individual wind turbine. The primary goal is not to achieve maximum power output at any given time, but rather to maximize the yield of the entire wind farm. Specifically, each individual wind turbine is not considered in isolation, but rather within the context of all wind turbines in the wind farm. This means, in particular, that the interaction of all wind turbines with one another is also taken into account (e.g., turbulence at certain wind directions). Naturally, such a control algorithm can also consider different wind turbines.Particularly in wind turbines with so-called full converter technology, such intelligent wind farm control can have a significant positive impact on the LCoE or economic efficiency.

[0106] For example, in the event of a grid-related reduction in the power output of a wind farm, it may be technically and economically sensible to switch off individual wind turbines in the center of the wind farm due to higher turbulence (=> higher loads => higher risk of failure => higher service costs) and to operate other wind turbines that are located in front of the wind (given the currently measured wind direction) without any reduction in power output.

[0107] Furthermore, depending on the regulations and penalties stipulated in the grid connection agreement, it may be economically advantageous not to follow the grid operator's signals or power adjustment instructions (e.g., shutdown or power reduction) as early as technically possible, but rather as late as the contractual tolerances allow. Additionally, there may be tolerances for the power output values ​​to be maintained by the wind farm. These tolerances can be determined and implemented in the control procedure or algorithm. The wind farm can then be controlled at the upper end of the tolerance band without, for example, the risk of contractual penalties from the grid operator. In particular, the timing and magnitude of the control measures can be optimized within the framework of the notified procedure or control algorithm.

[0108] The specifications for data transmission between, for example, the grid operator and the wind farm controller can be regulated by various norms and standards of individual countries. These regulations always take precedence. Therefore, this data transmission generally cannot be influenced. The grid operator's specifications (especially the maximum permissible total output) always refer to the (contractually) defined wind farm connection or grid connection point. The control system can therefore also be based on the setpoints of this grid connection point. This means, in particular, that if the grid operator specifies, for example, 0 kW permissible feed-in at the grid connection point, the wind farm controller regulates the individual wind turbines in such a way that the self-consumption of all wind turbines, including transformer and cable losses, continues to be produced by the wind turbine(s) and not all wind turbines are shut down to 0 kW.

[0109] The following input parameters, as described, can be provided to the wind farm control system as state parameters, preferably for each individual wind turbine. The wind farm control system can, for example, calculate the current kWh price per wind turbine and decide whether to control each individual turbine accordingly. Status codes (system OK, manual stop, alarm, warning, ...), power, wind speed, wind direction, data from condition monitoring systems of individual components, such as blades, gearboxes, generators, inverters, etc., all available data relating to the condition of the wind turbine and its components, such as temperature, pressure, current, load, ...

[0110] Furthermore, the following input parameters can be provided to the wind farm control system as state parameters or additional data, automatically or manually: Weather / wind forecast (minute, hour, day, month, year). Current achievable price / kWh. Degree / severity of defects in wind turbine and heat pump components, including repair costs. If applicable, include the insurance deductible. Assessment of the remaining service life of the (defective) components. Relevance of the component to the operational capability and stability of the wind turbine, as well as HSE relevance (e.g., outdoor temperature sensor = low relevance; rotor blade = very high relevance). Park configuration, including determined shading losses, potential turbulence, and influences from other obstacles (forest, hills, etc.). Time and duration of manual shutdowns, such as maintenance, inspection, etc. Contractually agreed control parameters and tolerances of the grid operator.

[0111] All these input parameters can be subjected to a percentage-based evaluation / weighting, allowing each wind turbine to be controlled individually depending on its current operating condition. Exemplary control algorithms are described in sections a) to e). a) For older wind turbines or wind turbines with a longer total operating time and / or a higher total energy output, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) increases, particularly because the probability of component wear and / or failure rises with age and / or load. These can therefore be assigned a higher load factor than newer wind turbines or wind turbines with a lower total energy output. b) For wind turbine or wind farm components (e.g., power cables, high-voltage transformers) with problems or defects, the LCOE increases, particularly because the probability of these components failing rises, potentially leading to service costs or reduced future revenue due to component downtime.The extent of the increased electricity generation costs can depend on various parameters, as already described: the degree / severity of the defect; the component's relevance to the functionality and stability of the wind turbine (e.g., outdoor temperature sensor = low relevance; rotor blade = very high relevance); the operator's maintenance concept; and the operator's insurance concept. The stress factor of such a wind turbine can be higher. c) For wind turbines exposed to increased turbulence (permanent or temporary, e.g., depending on wind direction), the electricity generation costs can also increase. Background: Higher turbulence increases the stress on the wind turbine components and thus the probability of a shortened component lifespan, which can lead to higher service costs and a reduction in the wind turbine's energy yield due to shutdowns for maintenance / repair.The load factor of such a wind turbine may be higher. d) In wind farms with different types of wind turbines, different failure rates may occur for the individual turbine or component types. For turbine types with components that have a statistically higher failure rate, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) may also be higher, corresponding to their higher failure rate. The load factor of such a wind turbine may be higher. e) Depending on the contractually agreed control parameters and tolerances of the grid operator regarding response time and control limits, as well as any contractual penalties for non-compliance, the control time and the control value can be optimized by the wind farm control system.

[0112] The advantages of registration include, in particular: Maximizing yield or reducing energy loss / gain. Increasing the LCoE (Load Cost of Energy) while considering the technical condition of each individual wind turbine. Improving the ability to supply balancing power to the market.

Claims

1. Method for operating a wind farm (100) connectable to an external power grid (114), wherein the wind farm (100) comprises at least a first wind turbine (102.1) and a second wind turbine (102.2), the method comprising: - providing a plurality of state parameters of the first wind turbine (102.1) of the wind farm (100), - providing a plurality of state parameters of the second wind turbine (102.2) of the wind farm (100), - generating a first load factor of the first wind turbine (102.1) based on the provided state parameters of the first wind turbine (102.1), - generating a second load factor of the second wind turbine (102.2) based on the provided state parameters of the second wind turbine (102.2), - obtaining a power adjustment instruction containing at least a predetermined maximum permissible total power of the wind farm (100), and - adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm (100) by adjusting the first individual power generated by the first wind turbine (102.1) based on the generated first load factor, and by adjusting the second individual power generated by the second wind turbine (102.2) based on the generated second load factor such that the power fed into the external power grid (114) by the wind farm (100) does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible total power, and characterized by - additionally providing a component state parameter of a component (112) of the wind farm (100) connected to one of the wind turbines (102.1, 102.2), and - generating the load factor of the wind turbine (102.1, 102.2) connected to the component (112) additionally based on the component state parameter.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that - adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm (100) comprises adjusting the total power generated by the wind farm (100) by a total power adjustment value, - wherein the total power adjustment value is divided into a first individual power adjustment value of the first wind turbine (102.1) and a second individual power adjustment value of the second wind turbine (102.2), - wherein the division is based on the first load factor and the second load factor.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the wind farm (100) comprises three or more wind turbines (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5), - wherein a respective plurality of state parameters is detected for each wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5), - wherein a respective load factor is generated for each wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5) based on the respective detected state parameters, - wherein an adjusting of the total power generated by the wind farm (100) is adjusted by adjusting the respective individual power of all wind turbines of the wind farm (100) based on the respective load factors such that the power fed into the external power grid (114) by the wind farm (100) does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible total power.

4. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that - the connected component is an energy cable, and the method further comprises: - detecting, by a component sensor, the component state parameter, - wherein detecting the component state parameter comprises detecting a cable temperature of the power cable by a temperature sensor.

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the plurality of state parameters comprises at least one state code of a wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5), - wherein a state code comprises, in particular, a parameter value selected from the group comprising "turbine OK", turbine stop, alarm, and warning.

6. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that - the plurality of state parameters comprises at least one meteorological parameter present at a wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5), - wherein the meteorological parameter is a wind speed, and / or - wherein the meteorological parameter is a wind direction.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the plurality of state parameters comprises at least one component state parameter of a wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5), - wherein the at least one component state parameter is selected from the group comprising at least one rotor state parameter, at least one gearbox state parameter, at least one generator state parameter, at least one converter state parameter, at least one control state parameter, at least one drive train state parameter, and at least one tower state parameter.

8. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that - the plurality of state parameters comprises at least one wind farm position parameter of a wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a weighting factor is assigned to each state parameter, and - the generating of a load factor is based on the plurality of state parameters and the respective weighting factors.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that - a weighting factor of a state code is greater than a weighting factor of a meteorological parameter, and / or - a weighting factor of a meteorological parameter is greater than a weighting factor of a component state parameter, and / or - a weighting factor of a component state parameter is greater than a weighting factor of a wind farm position parameter.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the generating of a load factor is based on the plurality of state parameters and additionally on at least one predicted meteorological parameter at a wind turbine (102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5).

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the power adjustment instruction contains the predetermined maximum permissible total power of the wind farm (100) and a predetermined adjustment time point from which the power fed into the external power grid (114) by the wind farm (100) must comply with the predetermined maximum permissible total power of the wind farm (100), - determining the power tolerance band of the predetermined maximum permissible total power to be complied with by the wind farm (100), - determining the time tolerance band of the predetermined adjustment time point to be complied with by the wind farm (100), and - performing the adjusting of the total power generated by the wind farm (100) using the time tolerance band and the power tolerance band.

13. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that - if the predetermined maximum permissible total power is zero, the internal energy requirement of the wind farm (100) is determined, - wherein the total power generated by the wind farm (100) is adjusted additionally based on the determined internal energy requirement and a predetermined energy criterion.

14. Computer program with instructions that cause a computer of a wind farm control system of a wind farm to execute the method according to claim 1.

15. Wind farm (100), in particular, an offshore wind farm (100), comprising: - at least a first wind turbine (102.1) and a second wind turbine (102.2), - at least one wind farm connection (110) for connecting the wind farm (100) to an external power grid (114), - at least one wind farm control system (104) configured to: - generate a first load factor of the first wind turbine (102.1) based on provided state parameters of the first wind turbine (102.1), - generate a second load factor of the second wind turbine (102.2) based on detected state parameters of the second wind turbine (102.2), - obtain a power adjustment instruction with a predetermined maximum permissible total power of the wind farm (100), and - adjust the total power generated by the wind farm (100) by adjusting the individual power generated by the first wind turbine (102.1) based on the generated first load factor, and by adjusting the second individual power generated by the second wind turbine (102.2) based on the generated second load factor such that the power fed into the external power grid (114) by the wind farm (100) does not exceed the predetermined maximum permissible total power, characterized in that the wind farm control system (104) is configured to: - additionally provide a component state parameter of a component (112) of the wind farm (100) connected to one of the wind turbines (102.1, 102.2), and - generate the load factor of the wind turbine (102.1, 102.2) connected to the component (112) additionally based on the component state parameter.