Celldrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress

Description

[0001] The invention pertains to a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress.Background

[0002] Within pharmacy it is a necessity to test substances for their effects. Testing may be done in several ways including the application of substances towards animals.

[0003] It is to be noted that certain diseases like hypertonia and cardiovascular diseases are top risks in Germany which is expected to increase in number of cases by more than 100 % as well within the next 30 years.

[0004] Testing itself is extremely expensive.

[0005] In the past new approaches have been developed allowing for reducing the amount of animals used for testing.

[0006] Such an approach is for example known from WO 2002018937 A1. There a so called CellDrum is used. The CellDrum is a membrane covered by biological layer. When the biological layer is subjected to certain agents to be tested cells of the biological layer are stressed thereby exerting forces to the membrane which thereby is induced to deform / bend. The deformation / bending of the membrane itself is measured by means of laser.

[0007] Other methods known in the art describe cell sheet wrinkling where a rather inflexible membrane is wrinkled by forces exerted when being subjected to an agent.

[0008] In addition methods are known which measure a tensile strength of single cells.

[0009] In addition, US 7,086,288 B2 shows fixed transducer arrangements having a preshaped membrance allowing to detect membrance deflection when subjected to other substances,

[0010] However, for meaningful testing in pharmacy / toxicology it is often necessary to perform numerous measurements in parallel in order to be able to process acceptable amounts of probes.

[0011] So far only the method based on laser technology outlined above allows for precise measurements of forces exerted by cells on the membrane.

[0012] The costs involved with these laser measurement systems are extremely high so that parallel measurements may not be envisaged. However a sequential measurement of a plurality of cells is also not feasible as the precise measurements may only be performed due to a precise alignment which is time consuming.

[0013] Also some of the above technologies do only allow for measurements of deformations and some of the above technologies are error prone in that peripheral conditions may highly influence the measurements.

[0014] I.e. the known technologies may allow for a certain property, such as precision, reproducibility, sensitivity, speed, costs, to be achieved at the cost of at least another property.

[0015] Starting from this situation it is an object of the invention to provide a new system for testing which allows for quicker and non-expensive test results.Short description of the invention

[0016] The object is solved by a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress according to claim 1.

[0017] The CellDrum being a membrane covered by biological layer, wherein when the biological layer is subjected to certain agents to be tested cells of the biological layer are stressed thereby exerting forces to the membrane which thereby is induced to deform / bend. The CellDrum electrode arrangement comprises a mechanical holder and a non-conductive membrane. The membrane is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder, keeping the membrane in place when the membrane may bend and / or stretch due to forces acting on the membrane.

[0018] The mechanical holder and the membrane are forming a container, whereby the membrane within the container comprises a cell-membrane compound layer of biological material adhered to the deformable membrane which in response to stimulation by an agent may exert mechanical stress to the membrane such that the membrane bending stage changes, whereby the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material (3) comprises cardiomyocytes, whereby the agent is a chemical compound or a pharmacological substance.

[0019] The container is filled with an electrolyte, whereby an electric contact is arranged allowing to contact said electrolyte when filled into to the container, whereby within a predefined geometry to the fixing of the membrane an electrode is arranged, whereby the electrode is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact as well as said electrolyte. The CellDrum electrode arrangement further comprises means for measuring mechanical stress due to an agent as a change in capacitance.

[0020] Further advantageous embodiments are subject to the dependent claims.Brief description of the drawings

[0021] In the following reference will be made towards the figures. In these Fig. 1 shows a setup of embodiments of a cell drum electrode according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows measurements made with cell drum electrode according to the invention, and Fig. 3 shows further measurements made with cell drum electrode according to the invention. Detailed Description

[0022] The present disclosure describes preferred embodiments with reference to the Figures, in which like reference signs represent the same or similar elements. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0023] The described features, structures, or characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the description, numerous specific details are recited to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention.

[0024] I.e., unless indicated as alternative only any feature of an embodiment may also be utilized in another embodiment.

[0025] In addition, even though at some occurrences certain features will be described with reference to a single entity, such a description is for illustrative purpose only and actual implantations of the invention may also comprise one or more of these entities. I.e. usage of singular also encompasses plural entities unless indicated.

[0026] An exemplary embodiment will now be described with reference to the figure.

[0027] There a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress is shown schematically. The CellDrum electrode arrangement comprises inter alia a mechanical holder 1 and a non-conductive membrane 4.

[0028] The membrane 4 is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder 1, keeping the membrane 4 in place when the membrane 4 may bend due to forces acting on the membrane 4.

[0029] The mechanical holder 1 and the membrane 4 are forming a container. The container may be filled with a liquid comprising an agent to be tested.

[0030] The membrane 1 within the container comprises an cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4 which in response to stimulation by an agent may exert mechanical stress to the membrane 4 such that the membrane bending stage changes. I.e. the membrane may already be bend before additional stress is exerted by the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3. As such a change in bending state can be measured which is evoked by the agent when being applied to the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4.

[0031] The container formed by the mechanical holder 1 and the membrane 4 is filled with an electrolyte.

[0032] An electric contact 2 is arranged allowing for contacting said electrolyte when filled into to the container, whereby within a predefined geometry to the fixing of the membrane 4 an electrode 7 is arranged, whereby the electrode 7 is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact 2 as well as said electrolyte, whereby mechanical stress due to an agent may be measured as a change in capacitance.

[0033] I.e. the membrane 4 and the electrode 7 are forming plates of a capacitor. The capacitance of this capacitor is defined inter alia by the size of the plates and their distance to one another and the electric susceptibility of the medium in between the plates. As the membrane as of the plates may bend the capacitance of the capacitor will change immediately. Hence, the direct or indirect measurement of the capacitance allows for an immediate response. This may also be understood as an electric field measurement.

[0034] In an embodiment of the invention the capacitor may be arranged together with inductivity 8 thereby forming a tunable oscillation circuit. I.e. A change in capacitance may be measured as a frequency shift, e.g. by a microcontroller 11. It is to be noted that the term microcontroller is not limiting and similar arrangements such as microprocessors being equipped with respective memory and / or Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGA), System-On-Chip (SOC) or the like may be used instead.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the invention the space in between the membrane 4 and the electrode 7 may be filled with a predetermined amount of a conductive fluid. By means of conductive fluids one may adapt the overall distance of the plates of the capacitor. Hence, in cases where the overall bending due to cell forces is rather small the sensitivity may be increased respectively the capacitance may be tuned by minimizing the overall distance.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention the temperature of the electrolyte and / or interior of the container may be adapted. By tuning the temperature one may induce or inhibit certain agents as well as accelerate or decelerate interaction of an agent with the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4.

[0037] In a further embodiment of the invention the pressure on the electrolyte and / or interior of the container may be adapted. By tuning the pressure one may induce or inhibit certain agents as well as accelerate or decelerate interaction of an agent with the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4. Also it is possible to sanitize the arrangement. Therefore, it may be foreseen to provide a pump 9 and a pressure sensor 10 both connectable towards a microcontroller 11 as outlined above.

[0038] In a further embodiment of the invention the gaseous composition of the interior of the container may be adapted. By adapting the gaseous composition one may induce or inhibit certain agents as well as accelerate or decelerate interaction of an agent with the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4. Also it is possible to sanitize the arrangement. Therefore, it may be foreseen to provide a pump 9 and a pressure sensor 10 both connectable towards a microcontroller 11 as outlined above.

[0039] In a further embodiment of the invention the membrane will be additionally bended by an external pressure acting against the cellular bending forces on the membrane, which may simulate high "blood pressure" situations.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the invention the membrane bending can be measured fast enough as a function of time to allow time constant measurements of drug actions etc.

[0041] E.g. in figure 2 the beat amplitudes of cardiomyocytes within 4 different celldrum electrode arrangements according to the invention are shown. There the ordinate denoted in Hz is a measure of the displacement / bending of the membrane 4 whereas the abscissa denoted in s is the respective time lapsed.

[0042] In figure 3 the beat amplitudes of cardiomyocytes monolayers celldrum electrode arrangements according to the invention are shown. There different probes where treated with substance SBay k8466 with increasing concentration. The respective concentration is shown right hand of the signals. Again the ordinate denoted in Hz is a measure of the displacement / bending of the membrane 4 whereas the abscissa denoted in s is the respective time lapsed.

[0043] The cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4may comprise cardiomyocytes and in particular cardiomyocytes monolayers. Cardiomyocytes may originate from stem cells.

[0044] The arrangement of the invention allows for a direct measurement of the contraction forces of the cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the arrangement is of particular value when testing new substances making extremely costly measurement arrangements such as langendorff perfused hearts.

[0045] Cell forces are mechanical forces, originating from cells and transferred to other cells (intercellular) or substrates such as the membrane 4 directly or via secreted cellular matrices.

[0046] The membrane 4, respectively the surface thereof in contact with the cells, may be natural or artificial. The membrane 4 as well as the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 adhered to the deformable membrane 4 may be rather thin compared to the overall size in between the mechanical holder 1.

[0047] By means of the invention even small lateral tensile forces exerted by cell-membrane compound layer of biological material 3 to the membrane 4 may be measured over time. The forces act via the fixation at its circumference to a holder 1 and thereby bend the membrane 4. The cell-membrane compound layer or biological material layer 3 is accessible during the measurement. Therefore, one may easily apply agent such as chemical compounds or pharmacological substances and one may also vary surrounding conditions.

[0048] As the arrangement is rather inexpensive, one may easily provide multiple arrangements in parallel allowing for parallel measurements of substances in varying concentrations and under varying conditions.

[0049] The arrangement may be controlled by a microcontroller 11 and may also provide data 12 via direct or indirect measurements of the bending changes of the membrane 4.

[0050] Hence, the system may also be fully automated. Furthermore, the arrangement may also be kept in CO 2 atmosphere and at any kind of ambient temperature.

[0051] Since the arrangement allows for small devices also the amount of an substance to be tested may be kept at a minimal level. This is of particular value as many substances when being tested are extremely expensive.

Claims

1. CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress, a CellDrum being a membrane covered by biological layer, wherein when the biological layer is subjected to certain agents to be tested cells of the biological layer are stressed thereby exerting forces to the membrane which thereby is induced to deform / bend, the CellDrum electrode arrangement comprising • a mechanical holder (1) and • a non-conductive and deformable membrane (4), whereby the membrane (4) is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder (1) for that it is kept in place when the membrane (4) may bend and / or stretch due to forces acting on the membrane (4), • the mechanical holder (1) and the membrane (4) being arranged such that they form a container, • whereby an adhered- cell-membrane compound layer of biological material (3) is provided relative to the membrane (4), whereby the cell-membrane compound layer in response to stimulation by an agent is adapted to exert mechanical stress to the membrane (4) such that the membrane bending stage changes, • whereby the cell-membrane compound layer of biological material (3) comprises cardiomyocytes, • whereby the agent is a chemical compound or a pharmacological substance, • whereby the container is arranged for being filled with an electrolyte, • whereby the CellDrum electrode arrangement comprises an electric contact (2), which is arranged allowing to contact said electrolyte when filled into the container, • whereby within a predefined geometry to the mechanical holder (1) an electrode (7) is arranged, whereby the electrode (7) is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact (2) as well as said electrolyte, • means for measuring mechanical stress due to an agent as a change in capacitance of the capacitor formed by said membrane (4) and the electrode (7).

2. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to claim 1, whereby the change in capacitance is measured as a frequency shift.

3. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, whereby the space in between the membrane and the electrode is filled with a predetermined amount of a conductive fluid.

4. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the Celldrum electrode arrangement comprises means for adapting the temperature of the electrolyte and / or interior of the container.

5. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the Celldrum electrode arrangement comprises means for adapting the pressure on the electrolyte and / or interior of the container.

6. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the Celldrum electrode arrangement comprises means for adapting the gaseous composition of the interior of the container.

7. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the Celldrum electrode arrangement comprises an external pressure means for additionally bending the membrane , the external pressure means acting against the bending forces originating from cells on the membrane (4), to thereby allowing for simulating high "blood pressure" situations, the bending forces originating from cells being mechanical forces, originating from cells and transferred to other cells (intercellular) or substrates such as the membrane (4) directly or via secreted cellular matrices.

8. Celldrum electrode arrangement according to any preceding claim, whereby the membrane bending can be measured as a function of time to allow time constant measurements of drug actions etc.