WRIST-WORN INDEPENDENT THREE-POINT ACUPUNCTURE STIMULATOR

Description

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of wrist-worn equipment, and more particularly to a wrist-worn device that can independently stimulate any one, any two or all three acupuncture points P6, H7 and Lu9.

[0002] CN 212 700 093 U shows a three-acupoint microcurrent stimulation health care device for a plant nervous system, which comprises a shell, an indicator light and an operation button which are arranged on the front side of the shell, a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode which are arranged on the back side of the shell, and a lithium battery and a control panel which are arranged inside the shell, wherein the lithium battery, the indicator light, the operation button and the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are respectively electrically connected with the control panel.

[0003] CN 111 529 923 A shows a wearable device for providing electronic impulses comprises an acquisition module for acquiring physiological information; the control module is connected with the acquisition module and used for selecting a corresponding output mode according to the acquired physiological information and controlling the output of the electronic pulse; the electrode plate is arranged on one side, which is in contact with a human body, of the wearable device, and is connected with the control module and used for outputting electronic pulses; wherein the output pattern is determined by any one or any combination of frequency, pulse width, intensity, duration of the electronic pulses.Description of the Problem Solved

[0004] Nausea, anxiety and stress are three common problems that numerous people experience or suffer from. It is well-known in the art of acupuncture that there are three acupuncture points on the palmar (inside) side of the wrist. These three points are called Buddha's Triangle, and consist of point P6 or Pericardium 6, H7 or Heart 7 (sometimes HT7), and Lung 9 (Lu9).

[0005] Stimulating point P6 helps unbind the chest, regulate the heart and calm the mind; it is also very effective in combating nausea and vomiting.

[0006] Stimulating point H7 helps to calm the mind as well as help with insomnia, talking during sleep, poor memory, mania-depression, dementia, sadness, fear, disorientation and grief as well as providing relief for heart-related emotional issues.

[0007] Stimulating Lu9 helps control the nervous system and relieve acute stress by helping with breathing. Shallow breathing is not just a stress response; it becomes a habit that feeds stress. Shallow breathing also lowers the amount of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps to defend the body from invading organisms as well as countless other negative health effects. Stimulation of these acupuncture points can be accomplished by electrical pulses or currents, magnetic fields and directed light.

[0008] It would be advantageous to have a wrist-worn stimulator that could stimulate any one of these points independently or any combination of them simultaneously including all three at the same time.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The invention is defined by the appended claims. The present disclosure relates to a method and device for controlling nausea, anxiety and stress. The device includes a wristwatch-like housing, electrical circuitry for generating electrical impulses of which low-frequency direct current (DC) electrical pulses are preferred, a metal ground plate, three adjustable metal contact points, indicator lights, function buttons on the housing, and a strap for securing the housing to the wrist. There may also be a screen display for visualizations of different functions. An internal processor controls all device functions and can optionally communicate via USB or short-range communications with a telephone App. The method allows simultaneous application of a pulse voltage output, haptic output, light emission, or magnetic field emission to acupuncture points H7, Lu9 and P6 as well as individual application to the points separately or in any combination. Another embodiment of the disclosure simply uses three permanent magnets positioned over the acupuncture points H7, Lu9 and P6 when worn.

[0010] In an alternate embodiment of the apparatus, the device monitors the user's Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to determine the user's stress level, and if warranted, provides feedback to the user using sound frequencies driving haptic actuators located over the P6, H7 Lu9 acupuncture points to help de-stress the user.DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0011] Attention is now directed to several drawings that illustrate features of the present disclosure. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present disclosure that resembles a wristwatch. Figs. 2A-2B show an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure top and bottom. Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electrical circuit that can independently provide electro-stimulation to one or more of the three wrist acupuncture points. Fig. 4 shows magnetic stimulation. Fig. 5 shows light stimulation. Fig. 6 is a flow chart for feedback stress turn-on. Fig. 7 shows a permanent magnet embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] Several figures and illustrations have been provided to aid in understanding the present disclosure.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0013] The present disclosure relates to a device for controlling nausea, anxiety and stress.

[0014] The device includes a wristwatch-like housing, electrical circuitry for generating electrical impulses of which low-frequency, direct current (DC) electrical impulses are preferred, a metal ground plate, three adjustable metal contact points, indicator lights, function buttons on the housing, and a strap for securing the housing to the wrist. There may also be a screen display for visualizations of different functions.

[0015] In the following description, a direct current (DC) pulse or DC square-wave pulse is a pulse whose time signature does not cross zero volts (always positive with respect to a ground reference electrode). Thus, a 1 volt DC pulse pulses from zero when low to 1 volt peak when high.

[0016] The word "approximately" in reference to any value being discussed or claimed means that the actual value (which can vary with temperature or other ambient or electronic conditions) is close to the specified value (within plus or minus 1%).

[0017] In various embodiments of the disclosure, stimulation may be alternatively or cumulatively produced using outputs such as directed light such as that from low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electrical current, soundwaves, or by magnetic fields produced by magnets such as small electromagnets.

[0018] Feedback may be used in an open-or closed-loop control system to initiate or modulate the stimulation. For example, photoplethysmography (PPG) may be used to detect changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) which are key indicators of a person's stress level. A person's stress level may also be detected using Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor whereby, on a person's skin, changes in electrical conductivity are detected in response to sweat gland activity. Upon the GSR sensor detecting increased conductivity, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device may be activated for a set period of time to apply a stimulation output. The stimulation output may be applying a plurality of direct current pulses via the three supply electrodes, directed light such as that from low-level lasers or LEDs, haptic output such as soundwaves, or magnetic output such as magnetic fields produced by magnets such as small electromagnets. In an alternative embodiment, a person's stress level may also be detected using cortisol sensing via a cortisol aptasensor or functional equivalent. Upon the cortisol aptasensor detecting increased cortisol, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device may be activated for a set period of time applying an output as mentioned above or a combination of the outputs mentioned above. When negative HRV changes are detected (indicating stress), the device can automatically activate for a set period of time, such as from one to five minute(s) of treatment time.

[0019] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present disclosure. A wristwatch-like case 1 has a strap or band 2. The case in this embodiment has three buttons with indicators for the three acupuncture points. Button 3a activates stimulation to point H7 lighting indicator 4a. Button 3b activates stimulation to point LU1 lighting indicator 4b. Button 4c activates stimulation to point P6 lighting indicator 4c. The indicators 4a, 4b and 4c can be small LEDs or other types of lights. The embodiment of Fig. 1 can also be equipped with a display screen that can optionally be a touch screen. This screen can be used to select combinations of the points being stimulated, and it can be used to control the device such as setting a timer.

[0020] Fig. 2A shows a top view of an alternate embodiment of the device. This embodiment is an electro-stimulator supplying low-level direct current (DC) square-wave signal to the acupuncture point. The buttons 3a, 3b and 3c have been made larger and easier to read, while the indicators 4a, 4b and 4c have been moved closer to the corresponding button. The functions of these three buttons and indicators are the same as that of the embodiment of Fig. 1. There are also three additional buttons plus 25, minus 26 and play / pause / cancel 27 marked respectively+, - and > / II- Touching plus 25 or minus 26 causes the magnitude of the applied output voltage level, luminosity, magnetic field strength, and / or haptic amplitude, to be increased or decreased. Touching the play / pause / cancel button 27 starts the stimulation, pauses the stimulation, or cancels the selected stimulation. A combination of the stimulated points can be selected by touching more than one button simultaneously.

[0021] Fig. 2B shows a bottom view of the embodiment of Fig. 2A. As the embodiment shown in Figs 2A and 2B is one configured to output current, three electrode sets are shown 73, 74 and 76. For each electrode set, four point positions are shown. The black dot indicates the selected position, while the white (open) dots 75 are the unselected positions. Changing the selected electrode position can be done manually in some embodiments, or electronically in other embodiments using additional buttons and an optional view screen. The optional view screen allows the user to see the current test being administered, and see and adjust the selected electrode position. A return path for current or ground electrode 77 can be seen in Fig. 2B. Alternatively, the bottom surface of the device of Fig. 2B can take the form of a metal plate. The ground return electrode 77 should be positioned so that current from the activated electrode 73, 74 or 76, or combinations of them, passes through the acupuncture point. Note that in embodiments whereby the output is in the form of directed light such as that from low-level lasers or LEDs, haptic output such as soundwaves, or magnetic output such as magnetic fields produced by magnets such as small electromagnets, corresponding stimulation emitters will be positioned in the same location as that of electrodes 73, 74 and 76. Specifically, where the stimulation output is to be directed light, electrodes 73, 74 and 76 will be replaced or supplemented by light emitters such as laser emitters or LEDs. Where the stimulation output is to be a haptic output, electrodes 73, 74 and 76 will be replaced or supplemented by sound or vibration emitters. Where the stimulation output is to be magnetic output, electrodes 73, 74 and 76 will be replaced or supplemented by electromagnets.

[0022] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the wrist-worn device shown in Figs. 2A-2Bor Fig. 1 can communicate with a user's hand-held telephone via short-range radio (like Bluetooth (TM)) or other short-range communication techniques like magnetic induction. In this case, a complete program or App can be run on the telephone that shows the stimulation running, shows the selected electrodes, contains timers and the like and contains stored sequences of treatment for more complex application of stimulus. The touch screen on the telephone can be used to change internal parameters in the wrist-worn unit such as the location of the chosen electrode or stimulation emitter position for example.

[0023] In an alternative embodiment, a person's stress level may also be detected using Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor whereby, on a person's skin, changes in electrical conductivity are detected in response to sweat gland activity. In this embodiment, the conductivity of a user's skin may be measured using one of the electrodes 73, 74, or 76 and the ground electrode 77. A detected electrical resistance between one of the electrodes 73, 74, or 76 and the ground electrode 77 will yield a measured skin conductivity. Changes in the measured skin conductivity over time can be calculated to determine the user's stress level. Specifically, upon the GSR sensor detecting increased conductivity, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device may be activated for a set period of time. The activation may result in an output that comprises applying a plurality of direct current pulses via the three supply electrodes 73, 74, and / or 76, applying directed light from light emitters positioned in the same position as supply electrodes 73, 74, and / or 76, applying vibratory haptic or sound stimulation by sound or vibration emitters positioned in the same position as supply electrodes 73, 74, and / or 76, and / or applying magnetic stimulation by electromagnets positioned in the same position as supply electrodes 73, 74, and / or 76.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, a person's stress level may also be detected using cortisol sensing via a cortisol aptasensor or functional equivalent. As shown in Figure 2B, the cortisol aptasensor 78 may be in the form of a cortisol-detecting strip in contact with the skin of the user. Upon the cortisol aptasensor 78 detecting increased cortisol, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device may be activated for a set period of time applying an electrical, haptic, magnetic, or light output, as mentioned above.

[0025] Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the embodiment of Figs. 2A-2B. A battery, preferably a Lithium-Polymer (LiPo) 20 supplies power for the unit. This battery typically provides 4.2 volts.

[0026] While a battery can be changed periodically like a watch battery, it is preferable to have one that can be recharged using methods known in the art. LiPo batteries can be recharged using a micro-USB socket 24 and charging control circuitry 21.

[0027] Small micro-circuits such as microcontrollers usually run on 3.3 - 3.7 volts. Using a 4.2 V LiPo battery 20 thus requires a 3.3 volt regulator 22 that runs all circuitry except providing power for the actual applied stimulation output pulses (normal power wiring not shown).

[0028] In an embodiment where the stimulation emitters are electrodes 73, 74, and 76, the output may be in the form of applied current pulses that are preferably square waves of approximately 2.5 Hz with a peak voltage of between approximately 1.0 and 8.8 volts. For safety and power conservation, the pulses need to be limited to approximately 600 uA or less. While 2.5 Hz square waves are preferred, other frequencies or repetition rates and / or pulse shapes and duty cycles are within the scope of the present disclosure

[0029] For example, the pulse repetition rate can be between approximately 2.0 Hz and 3.0 Hz A variable power supply 23 supplies these pulses. This may be a single integrated circuit (IC) chip or discrete components. The variable power supply 23 can contain a voltage doubler circuit feeding a controllable output voltage. The voltage can be assigned by the microcontroller 28 and communicated to the variable power supply 23 by serial or parallel data or by analog voltage.

[0030] The microcontroller or micro-processor 28 can be any standard micro computing device known in art. For ease of manufacturing, the micro-controller preferably includes internal random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). It can be mask programmed at manufacture, or it can be done with downloaded updates via the optional short-range communication 37 like Bluetooth (TM) or from the USB port 24. In addition to program updates, the USB port can be used to perform diagnostics and the like. The optional short- range communication 37 can be used to supply an app in the telephone 38 with system status including, but not limited to, battery charge, current pulse voltage, current pulse frequency or repetition rate, current pulse shape and the like.

[0031] The microcontroller 28 receives input from the six keys 3a, 3b, 3c, 25, 26, 27. This communication can use direct connection or a matrix type arrangement used in key pads. The microcontroller 28 can optionally communicate mono- or bi-directionally with the USB port 24 and / or the optionally short-range communication 37.

[0032] The microcontroller 28 has two sets of outputs: drives for the LEDs and on / off commands a set of switches that control the applied stimulation output. The LEDs 4a, 4b, 4c can be brightness modulated to indicate the applied pulse intensity (applied voltage resulting in current through the acupuncture point. The LED's are brightness modulated by allowing more or less current to flow through them. The circuitry for this may be internal to the microcontroller 28, or it may be external in the form of an LED control chip (not shown).

[0033] A set of electronic switches 29, 30, 31 provide off and on control to the three acupuncture pads H7 32 , Lu9 33 and P6 34 . In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the microcontroller 28 simply turns the switches 29, 30, 31 off or on, while sending the selected voltage to the variable power supply 23.

[0034] This method is the easiest and cheapest to manufacture; however, it has the disadvantage that all electrodes or stimulation emitters being used simultaneously (such as for example H7 combined with P6) have the same voltage.

[0035] While this is normally acceptable, if, in a more complex stimulation routine, it is desired to have the different acupuncture points activated with different intensities (voltages), or even with different pulses, the variable power supply 23 can have three separate independently controllable voltage outputs, one for each electrode. The microcontroller 28, in this case can set each voltage separately at the variable power supply 23 and / or control the pulse shape with the switches 29, 30, 31. A serial message from the microcontroller 28 to the variable power supply 23 could contain three separate fields; alternatively, three outputs (wires) from the microcontroller 28 can run to the variable power supply 23.

[0036] In an embodiment where the stimulation emitters are electrodes 73, 74, and 76, the square wave or pulse can be generated in one of two ways: 1) it can be generated by having the microcontroller 28 simply turn the variable power supply 23 off and on, or turn the selected switch(es) 29, 30, 31 on and off at the correct frequency, or 2) the variable power supply 23 can itself contain an oscillator that produces the waveform. The easiest way is to simply have the microcontroller 28 create the waveform. This reduces the complexity of the variable power supply 23. It should be noted that all currents return to the variable power supply through the ground pad 36. Generally, this can be the same ground as the 3.3 V system ground; however, it may also be an isolated ground (ground wiring not shown in Fig. 3).

[0037] Fig. 3 also shows an optional photoplethysmography device 47 that measures the heart rate variability (HRV). This can be used for closed-loop control to be described. A Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor 48 and / or a cortisol aptasensor 49 may also be connected to the microcontroller 28 to enable detection of stress change from GSR changes or cortisol changes, respectively.

[0038] Fig. 4 shows magnetic stimulation, while Fig. 5 shows light stimulation. In Fig. 4, small electromagnetic transducer coils 50a, 50b and 50c replace the electrodes; in Fig. 5 very small lasers or LEDs 60a, 60b and 50c replace the electrodes.

[0039] As previously stated, feedback may be used in an open-or closed-loop control system to initiate or modulate the stimulation. An example feedback loop is shown in Fig. 6. As stated, photoplethysmography (PPG) may be used to detect changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) which are key indicators of a person's stress level. The HRV (and optionally the HR) are measured 70 by the device. The HRV level is looked up 71 in a table when negative HRV changes are detected (indicating some stress). If the table indicates stress 72 the device can automatically activate for a set period of time 73, such as from one to five minute(s) of treatment time. When there is no stress, HRV can be checked again; however, a much longer wait 73 can be executed to save battery power. Also, the table lookup 71 is optional, the device can declare stress whenever a negative HRV is measured.

[0040] An alternate embodiment shown in Fig. 7 uses three permanent magnets to simultaneously stimulate the three points of Buddha's Triangle, H7, Lu9 and P6. Small cylindrical magnets are preferred. The flat end of the cylinder magnet encounters the acupuncture point.Typical Electrical Parameters

[0041] Human skin resistance can run from around 1000 Ohms to around 100 k Ohms depending on contact area, moisture and condition of the skin.

[0042] During stimulation mode the preferred pulses have the following output parameters at a skin impedance of 100 k Ohms: Voltage 0 - 8.8 V Frequency 2.5 Hz DC Square wave (a square wave that is entirely of positive or negative voltage with respect to ground).

[0043] The pulse current varies with the intensity setting: At the maximum intensity setting (applying 8.8 volts): the following currents result: 100 k Ohms impedance gives 85-88 uA. 10 k Ohms impedance would give 880 uA (unless current is further limited by the circuitry or power supply capability to 600 uA or less).

[0044] It is desirable to limit current for safety and for battery conservation. The preferred maximum current is 600 uA or less.

[0045] Minimum intensity (about 1 V applied) is between 6 - 8 uA.Sound Frequency to De-stress

[0046] In an alternate embodiment of the apparatus, the device monitors the user's heart Rate Variability (HRV) or Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) or both to determine the user's stress level, and if warranted, provides feedback to the user using sound frequencies driving haptic actuators located over the P6, H7 Lu9 acupuncture points to help de-stress the user.

[0047] This embodiment incorporates features such as compact design, battery-powered (one day per charging cycle is typical). The device is wrist-worn with sensors positioned to monitor heart rate variability (HRV) or and galvanic skin response (GSR) or both, and then activate feedback when threshold values are reached. There is an optional screen configured to display HRV, GSR, frequency, intensity, points being stimulated, and the like.

[0048] Three well-defined positions on the wrist (P6, H7 Lu9), previously discussed, are optimally located to provide feedback to the user via sound waves driven by haptic actuators. These points can be stimulated individually, simultaneously, or in any combination.

[0049] The optimum stimulation frequency lies between 100 20-400 Hertz but can be determined by testing. The frequency chosen may be tuned for an individual user. Intensity and frequencies are variable and can be adjusted by the user or automatically. The user can override the triggers generated by the thresholds of HRV and GSR, and receive self-administered treatment outside of a stress event.

[0050] In general, the device will be worn all day. However, the user can choose when to wear it based on experience with the device.

[0051] The device of this embodiment can also communicate HRV and GSR data wirelessly with a smartphone, and can maintain and transmit to an App on the smartphone a recorded chronological log of HRV and of GSR events over a particular time period such a daytime working hours and / or events that occur during sleep hours (many times when a user awakens during the night and begins to worry about some detail in their life, job or relationship).

Claims

1. A wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device comprising: a watch-like case (1) having a top side and bottom side; a wrist strap or band (2) attachable to the watch-like case constructed to allow the case to be worn on a human wrist; three stimulation emitters (73, 74, 76) mounted on the bottom side of the case, the three stimulation emitters electrically connected to a variable voltage power supply (23) and located in positions corresponding to the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points, the three stimulation emitters configured to stimulate the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points; characterised in that the stimulation device further comprises a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor (48) configured to measure changes in electrical conductivity of a skin on the human wrist, wherein upon the GSR sensor detecting increased conductivity, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device is activated for a set period of time applying stimulation to the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points via the three stimulation emitters; and a microcontroller (28) in communication with the three stimulation emitters, wherein the microcontroller is configured to communicate bi-directionally via short-range communication with a telephone App.

2. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device of claim 1, further comprising: a ground electrode mounted on the bottom side of the case, and wherein the three stimulation emitters are electrodes configured to emit current directly to the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points, and the ground electrode is configured to collect current from any or all the three electrodes after passing through the H7, Lu9 or P6 acupuncture points, and return said current to the variable voltage pulse power supply.

3. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a photoplethysmography (PPG) device configured to measure at least heart rate variability rate (HRV) and heart rate (HR).

4. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein upon a PPG device detecting a decrease in HRV level, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device is activated for a set period of time.

5. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of the previous claims, further comprising short-range communications with a mobile telephone, wherein the mobile telephone executes a stored application program utilizing said short-range communications.

6. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the three stimulation emitters are electrodes configured to emit current as the stimulation, light emitters configured to emit directed light as the stimulation, haptic emitters configured to emit sound or vibration as the stimulation, or electromagnets configured to emit magnetic fields as the stimulation.

7. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the three stimulation emitters are a combination of two or more of the following: electrodes configured to emit current as the stimulation, light emitters configured to emit directed light as the stimulation, haptic emitters configured to emit sound or vibration as the stimulation, or electromagnets configured to emit magnetic fields as the stimulation.

8. A wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device comprising: a watch-like case (1) having a top side and bottom side; a wrist strap or band (2) attachable to the watch-like case constructed to allow the case to be worn on a human wrist; three stimulation emitters (73, 74, 76) mounted on the bottom side of the case, the three stimulation emitters electrically connected to a variable voltage power supply (23) and located in positions corresponding to the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points, the three stimulation emitters configured to stimulate the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points; and characterised in that the stimulation device also comprises a cortisol aptasensor (49, 78) configured to measure cortisol levels in the human wrist, wherein upon the cortisol aptasensor detecting increased cortisol, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device is activated for a set period of time applying a stimulation via the three stimulation emitters.

9. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device of claim 8, further comprising: a ground electrode mounted on the bottom side of the case, and wherein the three stimulation emitters are electrodes configured to emit current directly to the H7, Lu9 and P6 acupuncture points, and the ground electrode is configured to collect current from any or all the three electrodes after passing through the H7, Lu9 or P6 acupuncture points, and return said current to the variable voltage pulse power supply.

10. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device of claim 8 or 9, further comprising a photoplethysmography (PPG) device configured to measure at least heart rate variability rate (HRV) and heart rate (HR).

11. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device of claim 10, wherein upon the PPG device detecting a decrease in HRV level, the wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device is activated for a set period of time.

12. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, further comprising short-range communications with a mobile telephone, wherein the mobile telephone executes a stored application program utilizing said short-range communications.

13. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the three stimulation emitters are electrodes configured to emit current as the stimulation, light emitters configured to emit directed light as the stimulation, haptic emitters configured to emit sound or vibration as the stimulation, or electromagnets configured to emit magnetic fields as the stimulation.

14. The wrist-worn acupuncture stimulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the three stimulation emitters are a combination of two or more of the following: electrodes configured to emit current as the stimulation, light emitters configured to emit directed light as the stimulation, haptic emitters configured to emit sound or vibration as the stimulation, or electromagnets configured to emit magnetic fields as the stimulation.